Laser cutting system and laser cutting method based on PSO

Abstract

According to the laser cutting system and method based on the PSO, electric signals of different voltages, currents, amplitudes, frequencies or phases can be transmitted to the coil through the electric controller, the coil generates different magnetic fields to react with the magnet, transition of the magnetic fields among all intensities does not have stepped connection, and therefore the laser cutting efficiency is improved. Compared with a conventional method that the lens is driven to move through a motor, in the embodiment, when the lens is controlled to move, the lens does not move step by step, so that the moving speed and precision of the lens are improved; the invention belongs to the technical field of automatic equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of automation equipment, and in particular relates to a PSO-based laser cutting system and a laser cutting method. Background Art

[0002] The earliest product cutting generally adopted mechanical cutting, that is, using high-speed rotating diamond blades for contact physical cutting. The disadvantages of this cutting method are also obvious. The contact method means that uneven stress will be generated inside the crystal, and it is easy to cause product edge collapse and internal damage during cutting, and dust will be generated. In addition, due to the wear of the tool, the tool needs to be replaced frequently, which affects efficiency and increases costs. Laser cutting is to irradiate the surface of the product with a focused laser beam. The laser energy is absorbed by the product material and converted into heat energy, causing the local area to melt or evaporate rapidly, thereby forming a cutting channel. Therefore, non-contact laser cutting is gradually replacing conventional mechanical cutting.

[0003] In conventional laser cutting equipment, in order to focus the laser on the cut products at different positions and heights, a lens driving mechanism is usually used to move the lens, thereby adjusting the position between the lenses to achieve focusing of the laser; and the lens driving mechanism generally uses a conventional motor to drive the lens to move. Due to the structural characteristics of the motor itself, the motor moves in a stepping stroke. At the same time, the motor generally transmits power through structures such as gears, racks and gears to drive the lens to move. Therefore, the lens also moves in a stepping stroke, resulting in low lens movement accuracy. If the lens movement accuracy is improved by changing the speed through a variable speed gear, the size of the equipment and the manufacturing cost will also increase accordingly.

[0004] In addition, in conventional laser cutting, the movement of the cutting axis involves non-uniform motion segments such as acceleration, deceleration, and turning during the cutting process. Therefore, the actual laser output energy on the wafer is not uniform. If the laser light is simply turned on at the starting point of the cutting and turned off at the end point, the result is that the depth and width of the cutting track are not uniform. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a laser cutting system and a laser cutting method based on PSO to solve the technical defects described in the background technology.

[0006] The PSO-based laser cutting system includes a laser, which includes a laser generating unit and a lens group. The laser generating unit is used to emit laser light through the lens group to irradiate the cutting track. The lens group is used to focus the laser. The lens group includes a lens driving mechanism and a plurality of lenses. The lens driving mechanism is used to drive the lens to move. The lens driving mechanism includes a guide post, a guide rail and an electric controller. A magnet is provided at a certain position on the guide post. A slider slides on the guide rail. The lens is fixed on the slider. A coil is installed on the slider. The coil is sleeved on the guide post and the outer periphery of the magnet and there is a gap between the coil and the guide post and the magnet so that the coil can be located on the outer periphery of the guide post and the magnet and move. The electric controller is connected to the coil electrical signal. The electric controller is used to transmit an electrical signal to the coil so that the coil generates different magnetic fields and reacts with the magnet according to different voltages, currents, amplitudes, frequencies or phases of the electrical signal, thereby driving the slider to drive the lens to move.

[0007] Based on the above technical solution, the laser cutting system can achieve the following beneficial effects: 1. When the motion control card controls the laser output of the laser, the laser emitted by the laser generating unit can be focused by the lens group and irradiated to the surface of the product in a concentrated manner, so as to achieve more efficient and uniform cutting of the product. At the same time, it can more stably ensure the uniformity of the depth and width of the cutting track.

[0008] 2. The lens driving mechanism is used to drive the lens to move, so as to adjust the distance between the lenses, the distance between the lens and the laser emitting unit, and the distance between the lens and the product, so as to adjust the focal length, focus and position of the laser according to the products of different shapes and thicknesses and the products with uneven surfaces, so as to achieve more stable and efficient cutting of the products.

[0009] 3. When driving the lens to move, the electric controller can transmit an electrical signal to the coil. At this time, the coil generates different magnetic fields according to the different voltage, current, amplitude, frequency or phase of the electrical signal. The magnetic field will react with the magnet, thereby driving the slider to drive the lens to move; 4. Since the electric controller transmits electric signals of different voltages, currents, amplitudes, frequencies or phases to the coil, the coil generates different magnetic fields to react with the magnet, and there is no step-by-step transition between the strengths of the magnetic field. Therefore, compared with the conventional method of driving the lens to move by a motor, in this embodiment, when controlling the movement of the lens, the lens does not move in a step-by-step manner, thereby improving the movement speed and accuracy of the lens; 5. Compared with the conventional method of driving the lens to move by a motor, in this embodiment, when driving the lens to move, there is no need to adjust the lens movement speed by a speed change gear, thus reducing the size of the device and the manufacturing cost of the device; 6. Compared with conventional methods of driving the lens to move by a motor, in this embodiment, the lens can be driven to move more sensitively, more efficiently and at a faster speed.

[0010] In order to further optimize the above technical solution, it can be optionally combined with one or more of the following implementation methods without conflict.

[0011] In some embodiments, the PSO-based laser cutting system further includes: Industrial computer, which is used to store the data points and isometric parameters used by PSO, and is responsible for sending data points or spacing data; Motion control card, the motion control card is connected with the industrial computer signal, so that the motion control card can receive the data point or spacing data sent by the industrial computer, and control the start and stop of the movement; The driver and the motion control card are connected to the driver signal through the EtherCAT bus, the driver signal is connected to the cutting motor, and the cutting motor is connected to the motion control card signal, so that the motion control card obtains the pulse value of the motor encoder through the high-speed comparison port of the motor; The laser is connected to the cutting motor, which is used to drive the laser to move. The laser is connected to the motion control card signal. The motion control card derives the coordinate value function based on the pulse value of the motor encoder and compares it with the position of the laser. When the laser enters the comparison range set by the parameters, the motion control card is used to trigger the high-speed output IO to control the laser output of the laser, so as to achieve uniform start and stop of the laser.

[0012] Based on the above technical solution, the laser cutting system can further achieve the following beneficial effects: Since the motion control card can derive a coordinate value function according to the pulse value of the motor encoder, when the driver controls the cutting motor to drive the laser to move, the coordinate value function is compared with the data points and equidistant parameters used by the stored PSO (the data point refers to the position point where the laser needs to be set on the product, and the equidistant parameter refers to the equidistant parameter between the data points). When the cutting motor drives the laser to move to the comparison range set by the parameter (that is, when it moves to the position point), the motion control card triggers the high-speed output IO to control the laser output of the laser; therefore, during the cutting process, when the laser moves in non-uniform motion segments such as acceleration, deceleration, and turning, the laser is evenly distributed on the actual motion trajectory of the laser, thereby improving the cutting quality.

[0013] In some embodiments, a plurality of magnets with staggered S and N poles are arranged on the guide column, and a gap is provided between the magnets. Two coils with staggered S and N poles are arranged on the slider, so that the electric controller switches and drives one of the coils to continuously try magnetic field reaction with two adjacent magnets with staggered S and N poles. Based on the above technical solution, the laser cutting system can further achieve the following beneficial effects: Since the guide column is provided with a plurality of magnets with staggered S and N poles, and the slider is provided with two coils with staggered S and N poles, when one of the coils slides over one of the magnets, the electric controller can switch and transmit electrical signals to the two coils, so that the two coils can continuously and alternately generate magnetic field reactions with the two adjacent magnets with staggered S and N poles, so as to achieve the effect of allowing the coils to relay between the two adjacent magnets, thereby realizing driving the slider to move a longer stroke.

[0014] In some embodiments, a positioning piece is installed on the slider, each positioning piece is provided with a reflecting surface, each reflecting surface is covered with a filter layer, and the spectrum filtered by each filter layer is different from each other, so that each reflecting surface refracts light of different spectrums, each reflecting surface is provided with a positioning hole facing the light speed rangefinder, the size of each positioning hole is different from each other and arranged in order of size, the positioning hole closest to the light speed rangefinder is the largest size, all positioning holes have the same center, and the ranging light emitted by the light speed rangefinder covers the inside and outside of the positioning hole with the largest size, so that all reflecting surfaces can refract light of different spectrums to the light speed rangefinder, so that the light speed rangefinder senses the distance of each positioning piece according to the time of receiving light of different spectrums; Based on the above technical solution, the laser cutting system can further achieve the following beneficial effects: 1. Since the size of each positioning hole is different and they are arranged in order of size and have the same center as all the positioning holes, and the positioning hole closest to the light speed rangefinder is the largest size, therefore, when the ranging light emitted by the light speed rangefinder covers the inside and outside of the positioning hole with the largest size, the ranging light can also be irradiated to all positioning pieces at the same time. At this time, since the spectrum filtered by each filter layer is different, each reflection surface refracts light of different spectra. Therefore, the light speed rangefinder obtains the distance of each positioning piece, that is, the position of the lens, according to the time of receiving light of different spectra; 2. Since the distance light can be irradiated onto all the positioning plates at the same time, it only needs to set up one light speed rangefinder to realize the positioning of multiple groups of lenses, thereby reducing the equipment volume and preparation cost. In addition, it can also facilitate the positioning of several lenses arranged vertically with the same center of a circle.

[0015] The laser cutting method is applied to the above-mentioned laser cutting system, wherein the laser cutting system needs to be provided with an industrial computer, a motion control card and a driver, and the laser cutting method comprises the following steps: Step 1. The industrial computer writes the position points used by PSO, the number of position points, the equally spaced distances of the position points, and the arrangement order of all position points into the motion control card. The position point refers to the position on the cutting track that needs to be irradiated with the laser, so that the motion control card can know in advance the position of each position point on the cutting track before controlling the cutting motor to start moving along the cutting track through the controller; Step 2: The motion control card controls the cutting motor through the controller to start moving along the cutting track; Step 3: The motion control card sequentially takes out one position point from the position point queue, obtains the motor encoder pulse to determine the moving stroke of the laser driven by the cutting motor, and compares the moving stroke of the laser with the equally spaced distance of the taken position point to determine whether the laser has reached the position point. If it has reached the position, proceed to step 4. Step 4: The motion control card sets the high-speed output IO level to control the laser; Step 5: Determine whether it is the last position point. If it is, end. If not, take the next position point in the queue and return to step 3 to continue comparison.

[0016] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention achieves the following beneficial effects: during the cutting process, when the laser moves in non-uniform motion segments such as acceleration, deceleration, and turning, the laser is evenly distributed on the actual motion trajectory of the laser, thereby improving the cutting quality.

[0017] In some embodiments, in step 3, when the motion control card takes out the first position point from the position point queue, the first position point is used as the starting point of the cutting track and the first position point is used as the positioning point; Based on the above technical solution, the laser cutting method further achieves the following beneficial effects: by using the first position point as the starting point of the cutting track and the first position point as the positioning point, the laser can be more evenly distributed on the actual motion trajectory of the laser. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation of the present invention, the following is a brief description of the drawings and reference numerals required to be used in describing the specific implementation.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of signal connection between the industrial computer, motion control card, driver, cutting motor and laser of the present invention; Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the lens driving mechanism of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a product status diagram before cutting; Figure 4This is the product status diagram after the product is cut by conventional laser; Figure 5 This is the energy distribution diagram of the laser when the conventional laser switching mode is used and the laser moves at a non-uniform speed; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cutting effect using conventional laser; Figure 7 It is an energy distribution diagram of the laser based on the laser cutting system and the laser cutting method provided by the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the cutting effect based on the laser cutting system and the laser cutting method provided by the present invention.

[0020] Reference numerals: 1. Industrial computer; 2. Motion control card; 3. Driver; 4. Cutting motor; 5. Laser; 51. Light generating unit; 52. Lens group; 521. Lens; 6. Lens driving mechanism; 61. Guide column; 611. Magnet; 62. Guide rail; 621. Slider; 622. Coil; 7. Positioning plate; 71. Reflecting surface; 72. Filter layer; 73. Positioning hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, this specific implementation method further describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] First, in conventional laser cutting, the cutting process involves non-uniform motion segments such as acceleration, deceleration, and turning in the movement of the cutting axis. Therefore, the actual laser output energy on the wafer is not uniform. If the laser light is simply turned on at the starting point of the cutting and turned off at the end point, the result is that the depth and width of the cutting track are not uniform. Figure 3 and 4 As shown, Figure 3 This is the state of the product before cutting. Figure 4 The state of the product after cutting. The circled part in the figure is the part where the energy is uneven. To further explain, the cutting track refers to the part on the product to be cut that needs to be cut, that is, the part on the product that needs to be irradiated by the laser.

[0023] Based on the above technical defects of conventional laser cutting, this specific embodiment provides a laser cutting system and a laser cutting method based on PSO.

[0024] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, this specific embodiment provides a PSO-based laser cutting system comprising: Industrial computer 1, which is used to store the data points and isometric parameters used by PSO, and is responsible for sending data points or spacing data; Motion control card 2, which is connected to the industrial computer 1 by signal, so that the motion control card 2 can receive the data points or spacing data sent by the industrial computer 1, and control the start and stop of the motion; Driver 3, motion control card 2 is connected to driver 3 signal through EtherCAT bus, driver 3 signal is connected to cutting motor 4, cutting motor 4 is connected to motion control card 2 signal, so that motion control card 2 obtains the pulse value of motor encoder through the high-speed comparison port of motor; Laser 5, cutting motor 4 is connected to laser 5 in transmission to drive laser 5 to move, laser 5 is connected to motion control card 2 signal, motion control card 2 obtains coordinate value function according to pulse value of motor encoder and compares it with the position of laser 5, when laser 5 enters comparison range set by parameter, motion control card 2 is used to trigger high-speed output IO to control laser output of laser 5, so as to achieve uniform start and stop of laser 5.

[0025] Since the motion control card 2 can derive a coordinate value function according to the pulse value of the motor encoder, when the driver 3 controls the cutting motor 4 to drive the laser 5 to move, the coordinate value function is compared with the data points and equidistant parameters used by the stored PSO (the data point refers to the position point where the laser needs to be placed on the product, and the equidistant parameter refers to the equidistant parameter between the data points). When the cutting motor 4 drives the laser 5 to move into the comparison range set by the parameters (that is, when it moves to the position point), the motion control card 2 triggers the high-speed output IO to control the laser output of the laser 5; therefore, during the cutting process, when the laser 5 moves in non-uniform motion segments such as acceleration, deceleration, and turning, the laser is evenly distributed on the actual motion trajectory of the laser 5, thereby improving the cutting quality.

[0026] To further explain, the high-speed comparison port of the motor usually refers to the interface used to compare the actual speed of the motor with the target speed in the motor control system. This interface receives the feedback signal from the motor encoder and compares it with the set target speed to achieve precise control of the motor speed. The working principle of the high-speed comparison port The working principle of the high-speed comparison port mainly includes the following steps: Signal acquisition: The motor encoder converts the actual speed of the motor into an electrical signal and inputs it into the control system through the high-speed comparison port; Signal processing: The control system processes the input electrical signal, converts it into a digital signal, and compares it with the set target speed; Feedback control: According to the comparison result, the control system adjusts the drive signal of the motor to achieve precise speed control.

[0027] In some embodiments, the laser 5 includes a laser generating unit 51 and a lens group 52. The laser generating unit 51 is used to emit laser light through the lens group 52 to irradiate the cutting track, and the lens group 52 is used to focus the laser light.

[0028] When the motion control card 2 controls the laser output of the laser 5, the laser emitted by the laser generating unit 51 can be focused by the lens group 52 and irradiated onto the product surface in a concentrated manner, thereby achieving more efficient and uniform cutting of the product. At the same time, it can more stably ensure that the depth and width of the cutting track are uniform.

[0029] In some embodiments, the lens group 52 includes a lens driving mechanism 6 and a plurality of lenses 521 , and the lens driving mechanism 6 is used to drive the movement.

[0030] The lens driving mechanism 6 is used to drive the movement to adjust the distance between the lenses 521, the distance between the lenses 521 and the laser emitting unit, and the distance between the lenses 521 and the product, so as to adjust the focal length, focus and position of the laser according to products of different shapes and thicknesses and products with uneven surfaces, thereby achieving more stable and efficient cutting of the products.

[0031] In some embodiments, the lens driving mechanism 6 generally uses a conventional motor to drive the lens 521 to move.

[0032] In addition, in conventional laser cutting equipment, in order to focus the laser on the cut products at different positions and heights, a lens driving mechanism is usually used to move the lens, thereby adjusting the position between the lenses, so as to achieve focusing of the laser. Still, due to the structural characteristics of the motor itself, the motor moves in a stepping stroke. At the same time, the motor generally transmits power through structures such as gears, racks and gears to drive the lens 521 to move. Therefore, the lens 521 also moves in a stepping stroke, resulting in low movement accuracy of the lens 521. If the movement accuracy of the lens 521 is improved by changing the speed of the speed gear, the size of the equipment and the manufacturing cost will also increase accordingly.

[0033] Based on the above technical problems, in some embodiments, the lens driving mechanism 6 includes a guide column 61, a guide rail 62 and an electric controller, a magnet 611 is provided at a certain position on the guide column 61, a slider 621 slides on the guide rail 62, the lens 521 is fixed on the slider 621, a coil 622 is installed on the slider 621, the coil 622 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the guide column 61 and the magnet 611 and there is a gap between the coil 622 and the guide column 61 and the magnet 611, so that the coil 622 can be located on the outer periphery of the guide column 61 and the magnet 611 and move, the electric controller is connected to the coil 622 with an electrical signal, and the electric controller is used to transmit an electrical signal to the coil 622, so that the coil 622 generates different magnetic fields according to different voltages, currents, amplitudes, frequencies or phases of the electrical signals to react with the magnet 611, thereby driving the slider 621 to drive the lens 521 to move.

[0034] When the lens 521 is driven to move, an electric signal can be transmitted to the coil 622 through the electric controller. At this time, the coil 622 generates different magnetic fields according to the different voltages, currents, amplitudes, frequencies or phases of the electric signal, and the magnetic fields react with the magnet 611, so that the slider 621 is driven to drive the lens 521 to move; because the electric controller transmits electric signals of different voltages, currents, amplitudes, frequencies or phases to the coil 622, the coil 622 generates different magnetic fields to react with the magnet 611, and there is no step-by-step transition between the intensities of the magnetic field. Therefore, compared with the conventional motor drive, the The lens 521 is driven to move. In the present embodiment, when the movement of the lens 521 is controlled, the lens 521 does not move in a step-by-step manner, thereby improving the movement speed and accuracy of the lens 521. In addition, compared to the conventional method of driving the lens 521 to move by a motor, in the present embodiment, when driving the lens 521 to move, there is no need to adjust the movement speed of the lens 521 by a speed gear, thereby reducing the size of the device and reducing the preparation cost of the device. In addition, compared to the conventional method of driving the lens 521 to move by a motor, in the present embodiment, the lens 521 can be driven to move more sensitively, more efficiently and at a faster speed.

[0035] In some embodiments, a plurality of magnets 611 with staggered S and N poles are disposed on the guide column 61, and there are gaps between the magnets 611. Two coils 622 with staggered S and N poles are disposed on the slider 621, so that the electric controller can continuously try to react the magnetic field with two adjacent magnets 611 with staggered S and N poles by switching and driving one of the coils 622.

[0036] Since the guide column 61 is provided with a plurality of magnets 611 with staggered S poles and N poles, and the slider 621 is provided with two coils 622 with staggered S poles and N poles, when one of the coils 622 slides over one of the magnets 611, the electric controller can switch and transmit electric signals to the two coils 622, so that the two coils 622 can continuously and alternately generate magnetic field reactions with the two adjacent magnets 611 with staggered S poles and N poles, so as to achieve the effect of allowing the coils 622 to relay between the two adjacent magnets 611, thereby driving the slider 621 to move a longer stroke.

[0037] In some embodiments, a positioning piece 7 is installed on the slider 621, each positioning piece 7 is provided with a reflecting surface 71, each reflecting surface 71 is covered with a filter layer 72, and the spectrum filtered by each filter layer 72 is different, so that each reflecting surface 71 refracts light of different spectrums, each reflecting surface 71 is provided with a positioning hole 73 facing the light speed rangefinder, the size of each positioning hole 73 is different and arranged in order of size, the positioning hole 73 closest to the light speed rangefinder is the largest size, all positioning holes 73 have the same center, and the ranging light emitted by the light speed rangefinder covers the inside and outside of the positioning hole 73 with the largest size, so that all reflecting surfaces 71 can refract light of different spectrums to the light speed rangefinder, so that the light speed rangefinder senses the distance of each positioning piece 7 according to the time of receiving light of different spectrums.

[0038] Since the size of each positioning hole 73 is different from each other and they are arranged in order of size and have the same center as all the positioning holes 73, and the positioning hole 73 closest to the light speed rangefinder is the largest size, therefore, when the ranging light emitted by the light speed rangefinder covers the inside and outside of the positioning hole 73 with the largest size, the ranging light can also be irradiated onto all the positioning plates 7 at the same time. At this time, since the spectrum filtered by each filter layer 72 is different from each other, so that each reflecting surface 71 refracts light of different spectrum, the light speed rangefinder obtains the distance of each positioning plate 7, that is, the position of the lens 521, according to the time of receiving light of different spectrum.

[0039] Since the distance light can be irradiated onto all the positioning plates 7 at the same time, it only needs to set up one light speed rangefinder to realize the positioning of multiple groups of lenses 521, thereby reducing the equipment volume and preparation cost. In addition, it is also convenient to position several lenses 521 arranged vertically with the same center of a circle.

[0040] The laser cutting method is applied to the above-mentioned laser cutting system, and comprises the following steps: Step 1, the industrial computer 1 writes the position points used by the PSO, the number of position points, the equally spaced distances of the position points, and the arrangement order of all the position points into the motion control card 2, where the position points refer to the positions on the cutting track that need to be irradiated with the laser, so that the motion control card 2 can know in advance the position of each position point on the cutting track before controlling the cutting motor 4 to start moving along the cutting track through the controller; Step 2, the motion control card 2 controls the cutting motor 4 through the controller to start moving along the cutting track; Step 3, the motion control card 2 sequentially takes out one position point from the position point queue, obtains the motor encoder pulse to determine the movement stroke of the laser 5 driven by the cutting motor 4, and compares the movement stroke of the laser 5 with the equidistant distance of the taken position point to determine whether the laser 5 reaches the position point. If it reaches the position, go to step 4; Step 4: The motion control card 2 sets the high-speed output IO level to control the laser 5; Step 5: Determine whether it is the last position point. If it is, end. If not, take the next position point in the queue and return to step 3 to continue comparison.

[0041] During the cutting process, when the laser 5 moves in non-uniform motion segments such as acceleration, deceleration, and turning, the laser is evenly distributed on the actual motion trajectory of the laser 5, thereby improving the cutting quality.

[0042] In some embodiments, in step 3, when the motion control card 2 takes out the first position point from the position point queue, the first position point is used as the starting point of the cutting track and the first position point is used as the positioning point.

[0043] By taking the first position point as the starting point of the cutting track and taking the first position point as the positioning point, the laser light can be more evenly distributed on the actual movement track of the laser 5 .

[0044] Based on the above laser cutting method, uniform output of laser on the cutting track is achieved.

[0045] As shown in Figure 5, when using the conventional laser switch mode, due to the non-uniform speed stages of the cutting axis starting acceleration and stopping deceleration, the laser energy will be densely distributed on this part of the path, thus resulting in the following Figure 6 As shown in FIG. 7 , based on the laser cutting system and the laser cutting method provided in this specific embodiment, the laser can be evenly distributed on the actual motion trajectory of the laser 5, so that the following can be achieved: Figure 8 As shown, the cutting effect of the laser cutting system and the laser cutting method provided by this specific embodiment is shown. By comparing the two, it can be seen that the actual cutting also verifies the design theory described above, achieving uniform distribution control of laser energy, thereby greatly improving the accuracy and yield of wafer cutting.

[0046] In order to further illustrate the laser cutting system and the laser cutting method described in this specific embodiment, the following embodiments are listed to introduce the laser cutting equipment. Example

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a PSO-based laser cutting system, which includes: Industrial computer 1, which is used to store the data points and isometric parameters used by PSO, and is responsible for sending data points or spacing data; Motion control card 2, which is connected to the industrial computer 1 by signal, so that the motion control card 2 can receive the data points or spacing data sent by the industrial computer 1, and control the start and stop of the motion; Driver 3, motion control card 2 is connected to driver 3 signal through EtherCAT bus, driver 3 signal is connected to cutting motor 4, cutting motor 4 is connected to motion control card 2 signal, so that motion control card 2 obtains the pulse value of motor encoder through the high-speed comparison port of motor; Laser 5, cutting motor 4 is connected to laser 5 in transmission to drive laser 5 to move, laser 5 is connected to motion control card 2 signal, motion control card 2 obtains coordinate value function according to pulse value of motor encoder and compares it with the position of laser 5, when laser 5 enters comparison range set by parameter, motion control card 2 is used to trigger high-speed output IO to control laser output of laser 5, so as to achieve uniform start and stop of laser 5.

[0048] The following are the working steps of the laser cutting system described in this embodiment: Step 1, the industrial computer 1 writes the position points used by the PSO, the number of position points, the equally spaced distances of the position points, and the arrangement order of all the position points into the motion control card 2, where the position points refer to the positions on the cutting track that need to be irradiated with the laser, so that the motion control card 2 can know in advance the position of each position point on the cutting track before controlling the cutting motor 4 to start moving along the cutting track through the controller; Step 2, the motion control card 2 controls the cutting motor 4 through the controller to start moving along the cutting track; Step 3, the motion control card 2 sequentially takes out one position point from the position point queue, obtains the motor encoder pulse to determine the movement stroke of the laser 5 driven by the cutting motor 4, and compares the movement stroke of the laser 5 with the equidistant distance of the taken position point to determine whether the laser 5 reaches the position point. If it reaches the position, go to step 4; Step 4: The motion control card 2 sets the high-speed output IO level to control the laser 5; Step 5: Determine whether it is the last position point. If it is, end. If not, take the next position point in the queue and return to step 3 to continue comparison.

[0049] Based on the above technical solution, since the motion control card 2 can derive a coordinate value function according to the pulse value of the motor encoder, when the driver 3 controls the cutting motor 4 to drive the laser 5 to move, the coordinate value function is compared with the data points and equidistant parameters used by the stored PSO (the data point refers to the position point where the laser needs to be hit on the product, and the equidistant parameter refers to the equidistant parameter between the data points). When the cutting motor 4 drives the laser 5 to move to enter the comparison range set by the parameters (that is, when it moves to the position point), the motion control card 2 triggers the high-speed output IO to control the laser output of the laser 5; therefore, during the cutting process, when the laser 5 moves in non-uniform motion segments such as acceleration, deceleration, and turning, the laser is evenly distributed on the actual motion trajectory of the laser 5, thereby improving the cutting quality. Example

[0050] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a PSO-based laser cutting system, which includes a laser 5.

[0051] The laser 5 includes a laser generating unit 51 and a lens 521 group 52. The laser generating unit 51 is used to emit laser light through the lens 521 group 52 to irradiate the cutting track. The lens 521 group 52 is used to focus the laser. The lens 521 group 52 includes a lens 521 driving mechanism and a plurality of lenses 521. The lens 521 driving mechanism is used to drive the lens 521 to move. The lens 521 driving mechanism includes a guide column 61, a guide rail 62 and an electric controller. A magnet 611 is provided at a certain position on the guide column 61. A slider 621 slides on the guide rail 62. The lens 521 is fixed to the slider. On block 621, a coil 622 is installed on the slider 621. The coil 622 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the guide column 61 and the magnet 611 and there is a gap between the coil 622 and the guide column 61 and the magnet 611, so that the coil 622 can be located at the outer periphery of the guide column 61 and the magnet 611 and move. The electric controller is connected with the coil 622 by electrical signals. The electric controller is used to transmit electrical signals to the coil 622, so that the coil 622 generates different magnetic fields according to different voltages, currents, amplitudes, frequencies or phases of the electrical signals to react with the magnet 611, thereby driving the slider 621 to drive the lens 521 to move.

[0052] When the motion control card 2 controls the laser output of the laser 5, the laser emitted by the laser generating unit 51 can be focused by the lens 521 group 52 and radiated to the product surface in a concentrated manner, thereby achieving more efficient and uniform cutting of the product, and at the same time, being able to more stably ensure that the depth and width of the cutting track are uniform. The lens 521 driving mechanism drives the lens 521 to move, so as to adjust the distance between the lenses 521, the distance between the lens 521 and the laser emitting unit, and the distance between the lens 521 and the product, so as to achieve the ability to adjust the focal length, focus and position of the laser according to products of different shapes and thicknesses and products with uneven surfaces, so as to achieve more stable and efficient cutting of the product.

[0053] When driving the lens 521 to move, the electric controller can transmit an electric signal to the coil 622. At this time, the coil 622 generates different magnetic fields according to the different voltages, currents, amplitudes, frequencies or phases of the electric signals, and the magnetic fields react with the magnet 611, thereby driving the slider 621 to drive the lens 521 to move. Since the electric controller transmits electric signals of different voltages, currents, amplitudes, frequencies or phases to the coil 622, the coil 622 generates different magnetic fields to react with the magnet 611, and there is no step-by-step transition between the intensities of the magnetic field. Therefore, compared with the conventional method of driving the lens 521 to move by a motor, in the present embodiment, when controlling the movement of the lens 521, the lens 521 does not move in a step-by-step manner, thereby improving the movement speed and accuracy of the lens 521. Therefore, compared to the conventional method of driving the movement of the lens 521 by a motor, in the present embodiment, when driving the movement of the lens 521, there is no need to adjust the movement speed of the lens 521 by a speed gear, thereby reducing the size of the device and reducing the preparation cost of the device; at the same time, compared to the conventional method of driving the movement of the lens 521 by a motor, in the present embodiment, the movement of the lens 521 can be driven more sensitively, more efficiently and at a faster speed. Example

[0054] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a PSO-based laser cutting system, which includes: Industrial computer 1, which is used to store the data points and isometric parameters used by PSO, and is responsible for sending data points or spacing data; Motion control card 2, which is connected to the industrial computer 1 by signal, so that the motion control card 2 can receive the data points or spacing data sent by the industrial computer 1, and control the start and stop of the motion; Driver 3, motion control card 2 is connected to driver 3 signal through EtherCAT bus, driver 3 signal is connected to cutting motor 4, cutting motor 4 is connected to motion control card 2 signal, so that motion control card 2 obtains the pulse value of motor encoder through the high-speed comparison port of motor; Laser 5, cutting motor 4 is connected to laser 5 in transmission to drive laser 5 to move, laser 5 is connected to motion control card 2 signal, motion control card 2 obtains coordinate value function according to pulse value of motor encoder and compares it with the position of laser 5, when laser 5 enters comparison range set by parameter, motion control card 2 is used to trigger high-speed output IO to control laser output of laser 5, so as to achieve uniform start and stop of laser 5.

[0055] The laser 5 includes a laser generating unit 51 and a lens group 52. The laser generating unit 51 is used to emit laser light through the lens group 52 to irradiate the cutting track. The lens group 52 is used to focus the laser light. The lens group 52 includes a lens driving mechanism 6 and a plurality of lenses 521. The lens driving mechanism 6 is used to drive the lenses 521 to move. The lens driving mechanism 6 is a mechanism such as a motor driving gear or a screw module that can drive the lenses 521 to move.

[0056] The laser cutting method is applied to the above-mentioned laser cutting system, wherein the laser cutting system needs to be provided with an industrial computer 1, a motion control card 2 and a driver 3, and the laser cutting system includes the following steps: Step 1, the industrial computer 1 writes the position points used by the PSO, the number of position points, the equally spaced distances of the position points, and the arrangement order of all the position points into the motion control card 2, where the position points refer to the positions on the cutting track that need to be irradiated with the laser, so that the motion control card 2 can know in advance the position of each position point on the cutting track before controlling the cutting motor 4 to start moving along the cutting track through the controller; Step 2, the motion control card 2 controls the cutting motor 4 through the controller to start moving along the cutting track; Step 3: When the motion control card 2 takes out the first position point from the position point queue, the first position point is used as the starting point of the cutting track and the first position point is used as the positioning point; Step 4, the motion control card 2 sequentially takes out one position point from the position point queue, obtains the motor encoder pulse to determine the moving stroke of the laser 5 driven by the cutting motor 4, and compares the moving stroke of the laser 5 with the equidistant distance of the taken position point to determine whether the laser 5 reaches the position point. If it reaches the position, enter step 5; Step 5: The motion control card 2 sets the high-speed output IO level to control the laser 5; Step 6: Determine whether it is the last position point. If it is, end. If not, take the next position point in the queue and return to step 4 to continue comparison.

[0057] In addition, when the laser generating unit 51 irradiates the product with laser, the lens 521 is driven to move by the lens driving mechanism 6 to adjust the distance between the lenses 521, the distance between the lenses 521 and the laser emitting unit, and the distance between the lenses 521 and the product, so as to achieve the ability to adjust the focal length, focus and position of the laser according to products of different shapes and thicknesses and products with uneven surfaces. Example

[0058] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a PSO-based laser cutting system, which includes: Industrial computer 1, which is used to store the data points and isometric parameters used by PSO, and is responsible for sending data points or spacing data; Motion control card 2, which is connected to the industrial computer 1 by signal, so that the motion control card 2 can receive the data points or spacing data sent by the industrial computer 1, and control the start and stop of the motion; Driver 3, motion control card 2 is connected to driver 3 signal through EtherCAT bus, driver 3 signal is connected to cutting motor 4, cutting motor 4 is connected to motion control card 2 signal, so that motion control card 2 obtains the pulse value of motor encoder through the high-speed comparison port of motor; Laser 5, cutting motor 4 is connected to laser 5 in transmission to drive laser 5 to move, laser 5 is connected to motion control card 2 signal, motion control card 2 obtains coordinate value function according to pulse value of motor encoder and compares it with the position of laser 5, when laser 5 enters comparison range set by parameter, motion control card 2 is used to trigger high-speed output IO to control laser output of laser 5, so as to achieve uniform start and stop of laser 5.

[0059] The laser 5 includes a laser generating unit 51 and a lens group 52. The laser generating unit 51 is used to emit laser light through the lens group 52 to irradiate the cutting track. The lens group 52 is used to focus the laser. The lens group 52 includes a lens driving mechanism 6 and a plurality of lenses 521. The lens driving mechanism 6 is used to drive the position of the lenses 521. The lens driving mechanism 6 includes a guide post 61, a guide rail 62 and an electric controller. A magnet 611 is provided at a certain position on the guide post 61. A slider 621 slides on the guide rail 62. The lens 521 is fixed on the slider 621. A coil 622 is installed on the slider 621. The coil 622 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the guide post 61 and the magnet 611 and there is a gap between the coil 622 and the guide post 61 and the magnet 611 so that the coil 622 can be located on the outer periphery of the guide post 61 and the magnet 611 and move. The electric controller is connected to the coil 622 with an electrical signal. The electric controller is used to transmit an electrical signal to the coil 622 so that the coil 622 generates different magnetic fields according to different voltages, currents, amplitudes, frequencies or phases of the electrical signals to react with the magnet 611, thereby driving the slider 621 to drive the lens 521 to move. A positioning piece 7 is installed on the slider 621. Each positioning piece 7 is provided with a reflecting surface 71. Each reflecting surface 71 is covered with a filter layer 72. The spectrum filtered by each filter layer 72 is different from each other, so that each reflecting surface 71 refracts light of different spectrums. Each reflecting surface 71 is provided with a positioning hole 73 facing the light speed rangefinder. The size of each positioning hole 73 is different from each other and arranged in order of size. The positioning hole 73 closest to the light speed rangefinder is the largest size. All positioning holes 73 have the same center. The ranging light emitted by the light speed rangefinder covers the inside and outside of the positioning hole 73 with the largest size, so that all reflecting surfaces 71 can refract light of different spectrums to the light speed rangefinder, so that the light speed rangefinder senses the distance of each positioning piece 7 according to the time of receiving light of different spectrums.

[0060] The laser cutting method is applied to the above-mentioned laser cutting system, and comprises the following steps: Step 1, the industrial computer 1 writes the position points used by the PSO, the number of position points, the equally spaced distances of the position points, and the arrangement order of all the position points into the motion control card 2, where the position points refer to the positions on the cutting track that need to be irradiated with the laser, so that the motion control card 2 can know in advance the position of each position point on the cutting track before controlling the cutting motor 4 to start moving along the cutting track through the controller; Step 2, the motion control card 2 controls the cutting motor 4 through the controller to start moving along the cutting track; Step 3: When the motion control card 2 takes out the first position point from the position point queue, the first position point is used as the starting point of the cutting track and the first position point is used as the positioning point; Step 4, the motion control card 2 sequentially takes out one position point from the position point queue, obtains the motor encoder pulse to determine the moving stroke of the laser 5 driven by the cutting motor 4, and compares the moving stroke of the laser 5 with the equidistant distance of the taken position point to determine whether the laser 5 reaches the position point. If it reaches the position, enter step 5; Step 5: The motion control card 2 sets the high-speed output IO level to control the laser 5; Step 6: Determine whether it is the last position point. If it is, end. If not, take the next position point in the queue and return to step 4 to continue comparison.

[0061] In addition, when the laser generating unit 51 irradiates the product with laser, the lens 521 is driven to move through the lens driving mechanism 6 to adjust the distance between the lenses 521, the distance between the lenses 521 and the laser emitting unit, and the distance between the lenses 521 and the product, so as to adjust the focal length, focus and position of the laser according to the products of different shapes and thicknesses and the products with uneven surfaces. When driving the lens 521 to move, the lens driving mechanism 6 can transmit an electrical signal to the coil 622 through the electric controller. At this time, the coil 622 generates different magnetic fields according to the different voltages, currents, amplitudes, frequencies or phases of the electrical signals, and the magnetic fields react with the magnet 611, so as to drive the slider 621 to drive the lens 521 to move. During, before and after the movement of the lens 521, the distance measuring light emitted by the optical rangefinder covers the inside and outside of the positioning hole 73 of the largest size. At this time, the distance measuring light can also be irradiated onto all the positioning plates 7. Since the spectrum filtered by each filter layer 72 is different, each reflecting surface 71 refracts light of a different spectrum. Therefore, the optical rangefinder obtains the distance of each positioning plate 7 according to the time of receiving light of different spectrum, thereby positioning the lens 521.

Claims

1. A laser cutting system based on PSO, characterized by: The invention comprises a laser (5), wherein the laser (5) comprises a laser generating unit (51) and a lens group (52), wherein the laser generating unit (51) is used to emit laser light through the lens group (52) to irradiate the cutting track, wherein the lens group (52) is used to adjust the focus of the laser light, wherein the lens group (52) comprises a lens driving mechanism (6) and a plurality of lenses (521), wherein the lens driving mechanism (6) is used to drive the lenses (521) to move, wherein the lens driving mechanism (6) comprises a guide column (61), a guide rail (62) and an electric controller, wherein a magnet (611) is provided at a certain position on the guide column (61), a slider (621) is slidably disposed on the guide rail (62), and the lenses (521) are fixed on the slider (621). A coil (622) is installed on the slider (621), and the coil (622) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the guide column (61) and the magnet (611) and there is a gap between the coil (622) and the guide column (61) and the magnet (611), so that the coil (622) can be located on the outer periphery of the guide column (61) and the magnet (611) and move. The electric controller is connected to the coil (622) by an electrical signal, and the electric controller is used to transmit an electrical signal to the coil (622), so that the coil (622) generates different magnetic fields according to different voltages, currents, amplitudes, frequencies or phases of the electrical signals to react with the magnet (611), thereby driving the slider (621) to drive the lens (521) to move.

2. The laser cutting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: An industrial computer (1), the industrial computer (1) is used to store data points and equidistant parameters used by PSO, and is responsible for sending data points or spacing data; A motion control card (2), the motion control card (2) being connected to the industrial computer (1) by signal, so that the motion control card (2) can receive the data point or the spacing data sent by the industrial computer (1) to control the start and stop of the motion; The motion control card (2) is connected to the driver (3) by signal through an EtherCAT bus, the driver (3) is connected to a cutting motor (4) by signal, and the cutting motor (4) is connected to the motion control card (2) by signal, so that the motion control card (2) obtains the pulse value of the motor encoder through the high-speed comparison port of the motor; The laser (5) is connected to the cutting motor (4) by transmission, the cutting motor (4) is used to drive the laser (5) to move, the laser (5) is connected to the motion control card (2) by signal, the motion control card (2) obtains a coordinate value function according to the pulse value of the motor encoder and compares it with the position of the laser (5), when the laser (5) enters the comparison range set by the parameter, the motion control card (2) is used to trigger the high-speed output IO to control the laser output of the laser (5), so as to achieve uniform start and stop of the laser (5).

3. The laser cutting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide column (61) is provided with a plurality of magnets (611) with S poles and N poles arranged in a staggered manner, and a gap is provided between the magnets (611). The slider (621) is provided with two coils (622) with S poles and N poles arranged in a staggered manner, so that the electric controller switches to transmit electric signals to the two coils (622), so that the two coils (622) can continuously and alternately generate magnetic field reactions with two adjacent magnets (611) with S poles and N poles arranged in a staggered manner, so as to achieve the effect that the coils (622) can be connected between two adjacent magnets (611).

4. The laser cutting system according to claim 3, characterized in that: A positioning piece (7) is mounted on the slider (621), each positioning piece (7) is provided with a reflecting surface (71), each reflecting surface (71) covers a filter layer (72), the spectrum filtered by each filter layer (72) is different from each other, so that each reflecting surface (71) refracts light of different spectrums, each reflecting surface (71) is provided with a positioning hole (73) facing the light speed rangefinder, the size of each positioning hole (73) is different from each other and is arranged in order of size, the positioning hole (73) closest to the light speed rangefinder is the largest size, all positioning holes (73) have the same center, the distance measuring light emitted by the light speed rangefinder covers the inside and outside of the positioning hole (73) of the largest size, so that all reflecting surfaces (71) can refract light of different spectrums to the light speed rangefinder, so that the light speed rangefinder senses the distance of each positioning piece (7) according to the time of receiving light of different spectrums.

5. A laser cutting method, characterized in that: The laser cutting method is applied to the laser cutting system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the laser cutting system needs to be provided with an industrial computer (1), a motion control card (2) and a driver (3), and the laser cutting method comprises the following steps: Step 1, the industrial computer (1) writes the position points used by the PSO, the number of the position points, the equally spaced distances of the position points, and the arrangement order of all the position points into the motion control card (2), wherein the position points refer to the positions on the cutting track where the laser needs to be irradiated, so that the motion control card (2) can know in advance the position of each position point on the cutting track before controlling the cutting motor (4) through the controller to start moving along the cutting track; Step 2, the motion control card (2) controls the cutting motor (4) through the controller to start moving along the cutting track; Step 3, the motion control card (2) sequentially takes out one position point from the position point queue, obtains the motor encoder pulse to determine the movement stroke of the laser (5) driven by the cutting motor (4), and compares the movement stroke of the laser (5) with the equidistant distance of the taken position point to determine whether the laser (5) has reached the position point. If it has reached the position, proceed to step 4; Step 4: The motion control card (2) sets the high-speed output IO level to control the laser (5); Step 5: Determine whether it is the last position point. If it is, end. If not, take the next position point in the queue and return to step 3 to continue comparison.

6. The laser cutting method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step 3, when the motion control card (2) takes out the first position point from the position point queue, the first position point is used as the starting point of the cutting track and the first position point is used as the positioning point.

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