Biomass entrained-flow bed gasification system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of gasification, in particular to a biomass entrained-flow bed gasification system and method.The biomass entrained-flow bed gasification system comprises a gasification chamber and a chilling chamber, the gasification chamber comprises a gasification body and a coating covering the inner wall face of the gasification body, and the coating is formed by refractory castable; the two ends of the gasification body are provided with a feeding nozzle and a gasification outlet respectively, the chilling chamber comprises a chilling body and at least one chilling ring, the chilling ring is arranged in the chilling body and is adjacent to the gasification outlet, the peripheral surface of the chilling ring is provided with a plurality of liquid inlets, and a first included angle is formed between the liquid inlet direction of the liquid inlets and the tangential direction of the chilling ring at the liquid inlets; the liquid inlet is communicated with an alkaline solution source, a liquid outlet is formed in the inner circumferential surface of the chilling ring, a second included angle is formed between the liquid outlet direction of the liquid outlet and the radial direction of the chilling ring, and the chilling ring is used for treating gasification products. According to the biomass entrained-flow bed gasification system disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the operation cost of biomass gasification is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of gasification, and in particular to a biomass fluidized bed gasification system and method. Background Art

[0002] Biomass resources are abundant and diverse, and the properties of various types of biomass vary greatly. Pyrolysis and gasification of biomass is an important way to utilize biomass energy. Pyrolysis and gasification of biomass refers to the conversion of the combustible part of biomass into combustible gas through chemical decomposition at high temperature. In the field of gasification, biomass is mostly pyrolyzed and gasified by fixed bed and fluidized bed. However, fixed bed is suitable for raw materials with larger particle size, and fluidized bed is suitable for fine powder raw materials. The characteristics of fixed bed and fluidized bed and the properties of biomass lead to low gasification efficiency in the biomass gasification process.

[0003] In the related art, an entrained flow bed is used to pyrolyze and gasify biomass. However, the entrained flow bed is mostly used in the field of coal gasification. Due to the difference in the properties of biomass and coal gas, the operating cost of biomass gasification in the form of coal gasification is relatively high. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent. To this end, the embodiment of the present invention provides a biomass entrained flow gasification system, which reduces the operating cost of biomass gasification.

[0005] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a biomass entrained flow gasification method.

[0006] The biomass fluidized bed gasification system of the embodiment of the present invention comprises: a gasification chamber, the gasification chamber comprises a gasification body and a coating, the coating covers the inner wall surface of the gasification body, the coating is a coating formed by a refractory castable, the coating is used to reduce the temperature of the inner wall surface of the gasification body, one end of the gasification body is provided with at least one feed nozzle, the other end of the gasification body is provided with a gasification outlet to output the gasification product; a quenching chamber, the quenching chamber comprises a quenching body and at least one quenching ring, the quenching body is connected to the gasification body, at least one quenching ring is arranged in the quenching body and adjacent to the gasification outlet, the quenching A plurality of liquid inlets are provided on the outer circumferential surface of the cooling ring, and the plurality of liquid inlets are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the quenching ring. A first angle is formed between the liquid inlet direction of the liquid inlet and the tangent direction of the quenching ring at the liquid inlet, and the range of the first angle is 0°-30°. The liquid inlet is suitable for being connected to an alkaline solution source. A liquid outlet is provided on the inner circumferential surface of the quenching ring, and the liquid outlet penetrates the inner circumferential surface of the quenching ring along the circumferential direction of the quenching ring. A second angle is formed between the liquid outlet direction of the liquid outlet and the radial direction of the quenching ring, and the range of the second angle is 0°-30°. The quenching ring is used to process the gasification product.

[0007] The biomass entrained-flow gasification system of the embodiment of the present invention reduces the operation cost of biomass gasification.

[0008] In some embodiments, the vaporization chamber further includes a reflection layer, the reflection layer covers the inner wall surface of the vaporization body, and the reflection layer is located between the inner wall surface of the vaporization body and the covering layer.

[0009] In some embodiments, the vaporization chamber further includes a heat insulation layer, one end of the heat insulation layer is connected to the reflective layer, and the other end of the heat insulation layer is connected to the covering layer.

[0010] In some embodiments, the biomass fluidized bed gasification system further includes a gripping nail, one end of which is connected to the inner wall surface of the gasification body, and the other end of which extends in a direction away from the inner wall surface of the gasification chamber, and the other end of which passes through the reflective layer and the thermal insulation layer and is located in the covering layer.

[0011] In some embodiments, there are multiple feed nozzles, and the multiple feed nozzles are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the gasification body, or, one of the multiple feed nozzles is set at the end of the gasification body, and the other feed nozzles are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the gasification body.

[0012] In some embodiments, the quenching chamber also includes a quenching tube, which extends axially along the quenching body, one end of the quenching tube is connected to the inner wall surface of the quenching body, and the other end of the quenching tube is connected to the quenching ring, the inner circumferential surface of the quenching tube forms a first channel, and the outer circumferential surface of the quenching tube and the inner wall surface of the quenching body form a second channel.

[0013] In some embodiments, the quenching chamber also includes a support plate, one end of which is connected to the inner wall surface of the quenching body, and the other end of the support plate is connected to one end of the quenching tube. A through hole is provided on the support plate to connect the first channel and the second channel.

[0014] In some embodiments, a first outlet, a second outlet and a third outlet are provided on the inner wall surface of the quenching body, the first outlet is connected to an end of the first channel away from the vaporization chamber, the second outlet and the third outlet are directly connected to the second channel, and the second outlet is arranged closer to the first outlet than the third outlet.

[0015] In some embodiments, the biomass fluidized bed gasification system further includes a temperature sensor, which is disposed on the inner wall surface of the gasification body and is used to directly detect the temperature of the inner wall surface of the gasification body; and / or, the biomass fluidized bed gasification system further includes a load-bearing plate, which is disposed at the other end of the gasification body.

[0016] The biomass fluidized bed gasification method of the embodiment of the present invention comprises: using a feed nozzle to spray a gasification raw material and a gasifying agent into a gasification body, and controlling the reaction temperature in the gasification body to be between 700°C and 1100°C, wherein the inner wall surface of the gasification body is covered with a coating formed by a refractory castable; using a temperature sensor to directly monitor the temperature of the inner wall surface of the gasification body, and controlling the temperature of the inner wall surface of the gasification body to be less than a preset temperature; using a gasification outlet to transport the gasification products in the gasification reaction process to a quenching chamber, wherein the gasification products include fly ash, slag and biogas, the fly ash is a mixture of incompletely reacted biochar and ash, and the slag is liquid molten slag and / or solid ash; using multiple liquid inlets of the quenching ring to transport alkaline solution into the quenching ring, and spraying alkaline solution to the gasification product through the liquid outlet of the quenching ring, wherein the quenching ring is arranged adjacent to the gasification outlet, a first angle is formed between the liquid inlet direction of the liquid inlet and the tangent direction of the quenching ring at the liquid inlet, and a second angle is formed between the liquid outlet direction of the liquid outlet and the radial direction of the quenching ring; using the alkaline solution to react with HCl in the biogas, and washing NaCl, KCl and fly ash in the biogas; using the first outlet to discharge slag, using the second outlet to discharge the alkaline solution after the reaction, and using the third outlet to discharge the biogas after the reaction.

[0017] The biomass entrained flow gasification method of the embodiment of the present invention reduces the operating cost of biomass gasification. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a biomass entrained flow gasification system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a quenching ring according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the liquid outlet of the quenching ring according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a conical plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 Enlarged schematic diagram of point D in the middle.

[0023] Reference numerals:

[0024] Gasification chamber 1, gasification body 11, coating 12, feed nozzle 13, gasification outlet 14, reflection layer 15, heat insulation layer 16,

[0025] Chilling chamber 2, chilling body 21, first outlet 211, second outlet 212, third outlet 213,

[0026] quenching ring 22, liquid inlet 221, liquid outlet 222, liquid inlet pipe 223,

[0027] Chilling tube 23,

[0028] The first channel 24, the second channel 25,

[0029] Support plate 26, through hole 261,

[0030] Grasping nail 3, temperature sensor 4, bearing plate 5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0032] The biomass fluidized bed gasification system of the embodiment of the present invention comprises a gasification chamber 1 and a quenching chamber 2. The gasification chamber 1 comprises a gasification body 11 and a coating 12, wherein the coating 12 covers the inner wall surface of the gasification body 11, and the coating 12 is a coating 12 formed by a refractory castable, and the coating 12 is used to reduce the temperature of the inner wall surface of the gasification body 11, and at least one feed nozzle 13 is provided at one end of the gasification body 11, and a gasification outlet 14 is provided at the other end of the gasification body 11 to output the gasification product. The quenching chamber 2 includes a quenching body 21 and at least one quenching ring 22. The quenching body 21 is connected to the gasification body 11. The at least one quenching ring 22 is arranged in the quenching body 21 and is arranged adjacent to the gasification outlet 14. A plurality of liquid inlets 221 are arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the quenching ring 22. The plurality of liquid inlets 221 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the quenching ring 22. A first angle is formed between the liquid inlet direction of the liquid inlet 221 and the tangent direction of the quenching ring 22 at the liquid inlet 221. The first angle A ranges from 0° to 30°. The liquid inlet 221 is suitable for being connected to an alkaline solution source. A liquid outlet 222 is provided on the inner circumferential surface of the quenching ring 22. The liquid outlet 222 penetrates the inner circumferential surface of the quenching ring 22 along the circumferential direction of the quenching ring 22. A second angle is formed between the liquid outlet direction of the liquid outlet 222 and the radial direction of the quenching ring 22. The second angle B ranges from 0° to 30°. The quenching ring 22 is used to process the gasification product.

[0033] Specifically, Figure 1-Figure 3As shown, the gasification chamber 1 is arranged above the quenching chamber 2, the upper end of the gasification body 11 is provided with a feed nozzle 13, and the lower end of the gasification body 11 is provided with a gasification outlet 14, and the gasification raw material and the gasification agent are sprayed into the gasification body 11 through the feed nozzle 13. The quenching ring 22 is arranged in the quenching body and located at the upper end of the quenching body, and the quenching ring 22 is used to process the gasification product entering the quenching body 21. By limiting the first angle between the liquid inlet direction of the liquid inlet 221 and the tangent direction of the quenching ring 22 at the liquid inlet 221, the quenching liquid entering the quenching ring 22 has a certain speed, the pressure in the quenching ring 22 can be maintained, and the quenching liquid is evenly distributed. Moreover, since the quenching liquid maintains a high-speed flow in the quenching ring 22, the quenching ring 22 is prevented from being blocked by slag accumulation, so that the quenching liquid is evenly distributed in the quenching ring 22 while avoiding the quenching ring 22 from being blocked.

[0034] Optionally, the quenching ring 22 includes a liquid inlet pipe 223, one end of which is connected to the liquid inlet 221, and the other end of the liquid inlet pipe 223 extends out of the quenching body 21 and is connected to the alkaline solution source, and the alkaline solution is transported into the quenching ring 22 through the liquid inlet pipe 223 to form an alkaline quenching liquid.

[0035] Optionally, the coating 12 is mullite, corundum, high-alumina bauxite clinker, or clay clinker. In this embodiment, the raw material of the coating 12 is not specifically limited, and any material that can achieve heat insulation and resist HCL corrosion in biogas belongs to the protection scope of this embodiment.

[0036] In this embodiment, by limiting the angle of the first included angle, the quenching liquid is prevented from entering the quenching ring 22 and destroying the flow field distribution in the quenching ring 22, thereby ensuring that the quenching liquid is evenly distributed in the quenching ring 22. By limiting the second included angle, the quenching liquid flows out at a set angle, which helps to form a closed solution film and facilitates full contact between the gasification product and the solution.

[0037] Optionally, the liquid inlet direction of the liquid inlet 221 is the tangent direction of the quenching ring 22 at the liquid inlet 221 .

[0038] Optionally, the liquid outlet 222 penetrates the inner circumference of the quenching ring 22 along the circumference of the quenching ring 22, and the size of the liquid outlet 222 is 1-10 mm, ensuring an outlet speed of 5-20 m / s, so that the quenching liquid forms a closed solution film.

[0039] Optionally, there are multiple quenching rings 22, and the multiple quenching rings 22 are arranged at intervals in the vertical direction. The arrangement of multiple quenching rings 22 can provide more quenching liquid, improve the uniformity of gas-liquid mixing, and achieve better cooling effect. The number of liquid inlets 221 on each quenching ring 22 can be set to be the same or different. For example, the number of liquid inlets 221 is two, three, four, or five.

[0040] Compared with the related art in which the gasification chamber 1 adopts a water-cooled wall or refractory brick method, in this embodiment, a coating 12 formed by a refractory castable is covered on the inner wall surface of the gasification body 11, which not only plays a role in heat insulation, but also makes the temperature at the inner wall surface of the gasification body 11 lower than the reaction temperature in the gasification body 11. Due to the low cost of the castable, the operating cost of biomass gasification is reduced.

[0041] Furthermore, the coating 12 formed by the castable in this embodiment is easier to repair than refractory bricks, which can reduce maintenance costs. The castable can store heat, which helps to control the temperature of the gasification chamber 1, and the castable is resistant to corrosion by complex components in biogas, which can reduce the corrosion of the biogas to the gasification body 11.

[0042] The inventors have found that there are many types of biomass, and the properties of various types of biomass vary greatly. In addition, compared with coal, the carbon dioxide reaction activity of biomass is generally higher, but the ash fusion temperature of biomass varies greatly due to different ash content. For example, the flow temperature of herbaceous rape stalks is below 900°C, the flow temperature of woody fir is above 1300°C, and the flow temperature of corn cobs and corn stalks in different regions varies between 900-1300. When liquid slag discharge is used, the gasification temperature needs to be greatly adjusted due to the difference in raw materials, resulting in fluctuations in operating conditions. The higher reaction temperature leads to energy waste, which in turn increases the gasification cost.

[0043] Compared with the fluidized bed reaction temperature of about 1200-1300°C in the related art, the liquid slag discharge method is adopted. In this embodiment, the high reactivity of biomass carbon dioxide is utilized to enable the biomass to completely react at a lower reaction temperature to adjust the gasification chamber 1, and the reaction temperature of the gasification chamber 1 is controlled at 700-1100°C for dry powder gasification, thereby improving the carbon conversion rate. The liquid slag and solid ash slag discharge method is adopted, and the reaction temperature of the gasification chamber 1 does not need to follow the temperature change of the ash melting point, that is, there is no need to melt the solid ash slag into liquid slag, which solves the problems of large biomass ash melting temperature range and operating condition fluctuations, reduces the reaction temperature, and further reduces the operating cost of biomass gasification.

[0044] Compared with the setting in the related art that the gasifying agent is water vapor, which is beneficial to the precipitation of chlorine element, in this embodiment, carbon dioxide is used as the gasifying agent, which is beneficial to reduce the precipitation of chlorine element from the raw material. At the same time, carbon dioxide as a gasifying agent helps to increase the composition of effective gas.

[0045] In some embodiments, Figure 5As shown, the vaporization chamber 1 further includes a reflective layer 15, which covers the inner wall surface of the vaporization body 11, and is located between the inner wall surface of the vaporization body 11 and the cover 12. The reflective layer 15 can reflect heat, reduce heat transfer to the outside, and thus reduce heat loss.

[0046] Optionally, the reflective layer 15 is a metal foil or a reflective film.

[0047] In some embodiments, Figure 5 As shown, the vaporization chamber 1 further comprises a heat insulating layer 16, one end of the heat insulating layer 16 is connected to the reflective layer 15, and the other end of the heat insulating layer 16 is connected to the cover layer 12. The provision of the heat insulating layer 16 can further reduce heat loss.

[0048] Optionally, the heat insulating layer 16 may be composed of a variety of materials, such as ceramic fiberboard, aluminum silicate fiber, asbestos, etc. As long as the heat insulating layer is made of materials with low thermal conductivity and good heat insulating properties, it falls within the protection scope of this embodiment.

[0049] In some embodiments, Figure 1 As shown, the biomass fluidized bed gasification system further includes a gripping nail 3, one end of which is connected to the inner wall surface of the gasification body 11, and the other end of which extends in a direction away from the inner wall surface of the gasification chamber 1, and the other end of which passes through the reflective layer 15 and the heat insulating layer 16 and is located in the covering layer 12. By arranging the gripping nail 3 on the inner wall surface of the gasification body 11, on the one hand, the castable can be better fixed, and on the other hand, the reflective layer 15 and the heat insulating layer 16 can also be fixed.

[0050] Optionally, the gripping nail 3 is Y-shaped.

[0051] In some embodiments, Figure 1 As shown, there are multiple feed nozzles 13, and the multiple feed nozzles 13 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the gasification body 11, or, one of the multiple feed nozzles 13 is set at the end of the gasification body 11, and the other feed nozzles 13 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the gasification body 11.

[0052] Optionally, when there is one feed nozzle 13, the feed nozzle 13 is arranged at the upper end of the gasification body 11. When there are two feed nozzles 13, the two feed nozzles 13 are evenly spaced in the circumferential direction of the gasification body 11. When there are three feed nozzles 13, one feed nozzle 13 is arranged at the upper end of the gasification body 11, and the two feed nozzles 13 are evenly spaced in the circumferential direction of the gasification body 11; or, the three feed nozzles 13 are evenly spaced in the circumferential direction of the gasification body 11. When there are four feed nozzles 13, one feed nozzle 13 is arranged at the upper end of the gasification body 11, and the three feed nozzles 13 are evenly spaced in the circumferential direction of the gasification body 11; or, the four feed nozzles 13 are evenly spaced in the circumferential direction of the gasification body 11. When there are five feed nozzles 13, one feed nozzle 13 is arranged at the upper end of the gasification body 11, and the four feed nozzles 13 are evenly spaced in the circumferential direction of the gasification body 11.

[0053] Optionally, the angle between the feed axis of the feed burner 13 and the axis of the gasification body 11 is 0°-90°.

[0054] When the capacity of the gasification body 11 is large, only one feed nozzle 13 is set, and the atomization effect and dispersion effect of the airflow in the gasification body 11 are not good. By setting multiple feed nozzles 13, on the one hand, the dispersion effect of the airflow can be improved, and on the other hand, different gasification raw materials can be adapted. For example, one feed nozzle is used to introduce gasification slurry, and the other feed nozzle 13 is used to introduce powdered raw materials.

[0055] Furthermore, by arranging multiple feed nozzles 13 evenly spaced around the circumference of the gasification body 11, gasification bodies 11 of different capacities can be accommodated, and the airflows sprayed by the multiple feed nozzles 13 collide with each other in the gasification body 11 and mix at the intersection of the airflows, so that the gasification body and the gasification agent are fully in contact.

[0056] In some embodiments, the quenching chamber 2 also includes a quenching tube 23, which extends axially along the quenching body 21, one end of the quenching tube 23 is connected to the inner wall surface of the quenching body 21, and the other end of the quenching tube 23 is connected to the quenching ring 22. The inner peripheral surface of the quenching tube 23 forms a first channel 24, and a second channel 25 is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the quenching tube 23 and the inner wall surface of the quenching body 21.

[0057] Specifically, Figure 1As shown, the quenching tube 23 extends in the up-down direction, the lower end of the quenching tube 23 is connected to the inner wall surface of the quenching body 21, and the upper end of the quenching tube 23 is connected to the quenching ring 22 to fix and support the quenching ring 22. By arranging the quenching ring 22 at the upper end of the quenching tube 23 and spraying the alkaline quenching liquid through the quenching ring 22, the alkaline quenching liquid is used to wash and cool the gasification products entering the quenching body 21, and at the same time, the high-temperature biogas can react with the trace oxygen in the alkaline quenching liquid to prevent the oxygen from reacting with the iron-containing substances in the chloride ion solution to corrode the quenching body 21. In other words, the high-temperature biogas in the gasification product is fully in contact with the weak alkaline quenching liquid, which helps to consume the trace oxygen in the quenching liquid and prevent the oxygen from contacting with the equipment and pipelines in the quenching chamber 2 to cause the galvanic reaction to corrode the equipment and pipelines.

[0058] It is understandable that biomass contains abundant elements such as Cl, Na, and K. When the gasification temperature is above 800°C, all Cl in biomass will enter the biogas in the form of gaseous HCl, NaCl, and KCl. HCl reacts with Fe to form ferric chloride under high temperature. When the temperature is higher than the melting point of ferric chloride, 306°C, ferric chloride evaporates into the gas phase and reacts with oxygen to form chlorine. Chlorine reacts with Fe to start a new round of corrosion.

[0059] In this embodiment, the quenching liquid is set to a weak alkaline solution, and the weak alkaline solution is used to neutralize the HCl in the biogas, thereby solving the problem of HCl corrosion on equipment and pipelines. In addition, the weak alkaline solution is used to wash the biogas, which can wash away the NaCl and KCl and fly ash in the biogas, solve the contamination and corrosion problems of NaCl and KCl, and extend the service life of the quenching chamber 2.

[0060] Optionally, the thickness of the coating 12 formed by the castable can be determined according to the reaction temperature in the gasification body 11. The higher the reaction temperature, the thicker the castable is, and vice versa, the lower the reaction temperature, the thinner the castable is, as long as the temperature at the inner wall of the gasification body 11 is less than 306°C.

[0061] Furthermore, since the cost of the quench chamber 2 is lower than that of the radiation waste boiler, the quench chamber 2 is used in this embodiment to process the gasification product, thereby further reducing the cost of biomass gasification.

[0062] Optionally, the alkaline quenching liquid is a weak alkaline solution with a pH value between 7-8.

[0063] In some embodiments, the quenching chamber 2 also includes a support plate 26, one end of the support plate 26 is connected to the inner wall surface of the quenching body 21, and the other end of the support plate 26 is connected to one end of the quenching tube 23. A through hole 261 is provided on the support plate 26 to connect the first channel 24 and the second channel 25.

[0064] Specifically, Figure 1As shown, the lower end of the support plate 26 is connected to the inner wall surface of the quenching body 21, and the upper end of the support plate 26 is connected to the lower end of the quenching tube 23. The biomass reacts with the gasification agent to generate biogas, and the biogas moves downward from the gasification outlet 14 to the first channel 24 of the quenching chamber 2. When entering the first channel 24, the alkaline quenching liquid washes the biogas. The washed biogas continues to move downward and enters the second channel 25 through the through hole 261.

[0065] like Figure 4 As shown, the support plate 26 is a conical plate. By providing a through hole 261 on the conical plate, impurities in the biogas can be intercepted. The biogas passes through the through hole 261 of the conical plate at a relatively high speed into the second channel 25. The gas and water in the liquid phase of the second channel 25 are fully mixed, and the fly ash and impurities in the biogas are further removed, and the NaCl, KCl and heavy metal ions in the biogas are fully washed away.

[0066] Optionally, the size of the through holes 261 is 5-20 mm, and the spacing between the through holes 261 is 5-10 cm, for example, the spacing distance of the through holes 261 in the circumferential direction of the support plate 26 is 10 cm, and the spacing distance in the axial direction of the support plate 26 is 5 cm.

[0067] In some embodiments, a first outlet 211, a second outlet 212 and a third outlet 213 are provided on the inner wall surface of the quenching body 21, the first outlet 211 is connected to an end of the first channel 24 away from the vaporization chamber 1, the second outlet 212 and the third outlet 213 are directly connected to the second channel 25, and the second outlet 212 is arranged closer to the first outlet 211 than the third outlet 213.

[0068] Specifically, Figure 1 As shown, the biomass reaction generates biogas, fly ash, and slag, wherein the fly ash is a mixture of incompletely reacted biochar and ash, and the slag includes liquid slag and / or solid ash slag. The biogas carries the slag from the gasification outlet 14 at the lower end of the gasification chamber 1 into the first channel 24 of the quenching chamber 2, and is washed and cooled by the weak alkaline solution sprayed from the quenching ring 22. The slag is discharged through the first outlet 211 arranged opposite to the first channel 24, and the biogas moves upward to the second channel 25 through the support plate 26. The weak alkaline quenching liquid neutralizes HCl, NaCl, KCl, etc. in the biogas, and washes away the fly ash in the biogas. The biogas is discharged through the third outlet 213, and the weak alkaline solution is discharged through the second outlet 212.

[0069] In some embodiments, the biomass fluidized flow gasification system further includes a temperature sensor 4 , which is disposed on the inner wall surface of the gasification body 11 and is used to directly detect the temperature of the inner wall surface of the gasification body 11 .

[0070] Since the ferric chloride volatilizes into the gas phase and reacts with oxygen to generate chlorine when the temperature is higher than the melting point of ferric chloride, 306°C, this embodiment solves the corrosion problem of the inner wall surface of the gasification body 11 by the Cl element by directly detecting the temperature at the inner wall surface of the gasification body 11 and controlling the temperature at the inner wall surface of the gasification body 11 to be less than 306°C. In other words, since HCl reacts with Fe to generate ferric chloride under high temperature environment, when the temperature is higher than the melting point of ferric chloride, 306°C, the ferric chloride volatilizes into the gas phase and reacts with oxygen to generate chlorine, and the chlorine reacts with Fe to start a new round of corrosion. By controlling the temperature at the inner wall surface of the gasification body 11 to be lower than 306°C, the ferric chloride is solid at the inner wall surface of the gasification body 11, and the solid ferric chloride will not volatilize into the gas phase and react with oxygen to generate chlorine, thereby avoiding corrosion of the gasification body 11.

[0071] In some embodiments, the biomass fluidized bed gasification system further includes a load-bearing plate 5, which is disposed at the other end of the gasification body 11. The load-bearing plate 5 can support the castable material, and most of the weight of the castable material is borne by the load-bearing plate 5. The gripping nails 3 play a fixing role and also play a partial supporting role.

[0072] The biomass fluidized bed gasification method of the embodiment of the present invention comprises: using a feed nozzle to spray a gasification raw material and a gasification agent into a gasification body, and controlling the reaction temperature in the gasification body to be 700°C-1100°C, wherein the inner wall surface of the gasification body is covered with a coating formed by a refractory castable; using a temperature sensor to directly monitor the temperature of the inner wall surface of the gasification body, and controlling the temperature of the inner wall surface of the gasification body to be less than a preset temperature; using a gasification outlet to transport the gasification product in the gasification reaction process to a quenching chamber, wherein the gasification product includes slag, fly ash and biogas, and the slag is liquid molten slag and / or solid ash slag; using An alkaline solution is transported into the quenching ring through multiple liquid inlets of the quenching ring, and the alkaline solution is sprayed onto the gasification product through the liquid outlet of the quenching ring, wherein the quenching ring is arranged adjacent to the gasification outlet, a first angle is formed between the liquid inlet direction and the tangent direction of the quenching ring at the liquid inlet, and a second angle is formed between the liquid outlet direction and the radial direction of the quenching ring; the alkaline solution is reacted with HCl in the biogas, and NaCl, KCl and fly ash in the biogas are washed; the slag is discharged through the first outlet, the alkaline solution after the reaction is discharged through the second outlet, and the biogas after the reaction is discharged through the third outlet.

[0073] In this embodiment, a coating formed by refractory castables is formed on the inner wall surface of the gasification body, which plays a role in heat insulation and heat preservation, and makes the temperature at the inner wall surface of the gasification body lower than the reaction temperature in the gasification body. Since the cost of the castable is relatively low, the operating cost of biomass gasification is reduced.

[0074] In this embodiment, the high reactivity of biomass carbon dioxide is utilized, and the characteristic that it can react completely at a relatively low reaction temperature is used to control the reaction temperature of the gasification chamber to 700-1100°C for dry powder gasification, thereby improving the carbon conversion rate. The slag removal method of liquid slag and solid ash slag is adopted, and the reaction temperature of the gasification chamber does not need to follow the temperature change of the ash melting point, that is, there is no need to melt the solid ash slag into liquid slag, which solves the problems of large biomass ash melting temperature range and operating condition fluctuations, reduces the reaction temperature, and further reduces the operating cost of biomass gasification.

[0075] By limiting the first angle between the liquid inlet direction of the liquid inlet and the tangent direction of the quenching ring at the liquid inlet, the quenching liquid entering the quenching ring has a certain speed, which can maintain the pressure in the quenching ring and improve the uniform distribution of the quenching liquid. In addition, since the quenching liquid maintains a high-speed flow in the quenching ring, the clogging problem caused by slag accumulation in the quenching ring is prevented, so that the quenching liquid is evenly distributed in the quenching ring and the clogging of the quenching ring is avoided.

[0076] A quenching ring is provided at the upper end of the quenching tube and an alkaline quenching liquid is sprayed through the quenching ring, and the alkaline quenching liquid is used to wash and cool the gasification products entering the quenching body. On the one hand, the high-temperature biogas in the gasification products is fully in contact with the weak alkaline quenching liquid, which helps to consume the trace oxygen in the quenching liquid and prevent the oxygen from contacting with the equipment and pipelines in the quenching chamber to cause galvanic cell reaction and corrode the equipment and pipelines; on the other hand, the weak alkaline solution neutralizes the HCl in the biogas to solve the corrosion of HCl to the equipment and pipelines, and the weak alkaline solution washes the biogas to wash away the NaCl and KCl in the biogas and the fly ash, solves the contamination and corrosion problems of NaCl and KCl, and extends the service life of the quenching chamber.

[0077] In some embodiments, the preset temperature is 306°C. By directly detecting the temperature at the inner wall surface of the gasification body and controlling the temperature at the inner wall surface of the gasification body to be less than 306°C, the problem of corrosion of the inner wall surface of the gasification body by the Cl element is solved. In other words, since HCl reacts with Fe to generate ferric chloride in a high temperature environment, when the temperature is higher than the melting point of ferric chloride, 306°C, the ferric chloride volatilizes into the gas phase and reacts with oxygen to generate chlorine, and the chlorine reacts with Fe to start a new round of corrosion. By controlling the temperature at the inner wall surface of the gasification body to be lower than 306°C, the ferric chloride is solid at the inner wall surface of the gasification body, and the solid ferric chloride will not volatilize into the gas phase and react with oxygen to generate chlorine, thereby avoiding corrosion of the gasification body.

[0078] In some embodiments, the gasifying agent is carbon dioxide. By setting the gasifying agent as carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide reacts with biomass dry powder to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The setting of carbon dioxide can reduce the precipitation of chlorine.

[0079] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0080] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0081] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0082] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0083] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0084] It is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biomass entrained flow gasification system, characterized in that: include: A gasification chamber, the gasification chamber comprising a gasification body and a coating, the coating covering the inner wall surface of the gasification body, the coating being a coating formed by a refractory castable, the coating being used to reduce the temperature of the inner wall surface of the gasification body, at least one feed nozzle being provided at one end of the gasification body, and a gasification outlet being provided at the other end of the gasification body to output gasification products; A quenching chamber, the quenching chamber comprising a quenching body and at least one quenching ring, the quenching body being connected to the gasification body, at least one quenching ring being arranged in the quenching body and adjacent to the gasification outlet, a plurality of liquid inlets being arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the quenching ring, the plurality of liquid inlets being arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the quenching ring, a first angle being formed between a liquid inlet direction of the liquid inlet and a tangent direction of the quenching ring at the liquid inlet, the first angle being in the range of 0°-30°, the liquid inlet being suitable for being connected to a source of alkaline solution, a liquid outlet being formed on the inner circumferential surface of the quenching ring, the liquid outlet penetrating the inner circumferential surface of the quenching ring along the circumferential direction of the quenching ring, a second angle being formed between a liquid outlet direction of the liquid outlet and a radial direction of the quenching ring, the second angle being in the range of 0°-30°, and the quenching ring being used for processing the gasification product.

2. The biomass entrained flow gasification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gasification chamber further includes a reflection layer, which covers the inner wall surface of the gasification body and is located between the inner wall surface of the gasification body and the covering layer.

3. The biomass entrained flow gasification system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gasification chamber further comprises a heat insulation layer, one end of the heat insulation layer is connected to the reflection layer, and the other end of the heat insulation layer is connected to the covering layer.

4. The biomass entrained flow gasification system according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a grasping nail, one end of which is connected to the inner wall surface of the gasification body, and the other end of which extends in a direction away from the inner wall surface of the gasification chamber. The other end of the grasping nail passes through the reflecting layer and the heat insulating layer and is located in the covering layer.

5. The biomass entrained flow gasification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are multiple feed nozzles, and the multiple feed nozzles are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the gasification body, or one of the multiple feed nozzles is set at the end of the gasification body, and the other feed nozzles are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the gasification body.

6. The biomass entrained flow gasification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quenching chamber also includes a quenching tube, which extends axially along the quenching body, one end of the quenching tube is connected to the inner wall surface of the quenching body, and the other end of the quenching tube is connected to the quenching ring. The inner circumferential surface of the quenching tube forms a first channel, and the outer circumferential surface of the quenching tube and the inner wall surface of the quenching body form a second channel.

7. The biomass entrained flow gasification system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The quenching chamber further comprises a support plate, one end of which is connected to the inner wall surface of the quenching body, the other end of which is connected to one end of the quenching tube, and a through hole is provided on the support plate to connect the first channel and the second channel.

8. The biomass entrained flow gasification system according to claim 7, characterized in that: A first outlet, a second outlet and a third outlet are provided on the inner wall surface of the quenching body, the first outlet is connected to an end of the first channel away from the vaporization chamber, the second outlet and the third outlet are directly connected to the second channel, and the second outlet is arranged closer to the first outlet than the third outlet.

9. The biomass entrained flow gasification system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The biomass fluidized flow gasification system further comprises a temperature sensor, which is arranged on the inner wall surface of the gasification body and is used to directly detect the temperature of the inner wall surface of the gasification body; and / or, The biomass fluidized-flow gasification system further comprises a load-bearing plate, and the load-bearing plate is arranged at the other end of the gasification body.

10. A biomass entrained flow gasification method, characterized in that: include: The gasification raw material and the gasification agent are sprayed into the gasification body by using a feed nozzle, and the reaction temperature in the gasification body is controlled to be 700° C.-1100° C., wherein the inner wall surface of the gasification body is covered with a coating formed by a refractory castable; Using a temperature sensor to directly monitor the temperature of the inner wall surface of the gasification body, and controlling the temperature of the inner wall surface of the gasification body to be lower than a preset temperature; The gasification product in the gasification reaction process is transported to the quenching chamber by using the gasification outlet, wherein the gasification product includes fly ash, slag and biogas, the fly ash is a mixture of incompletely reacted biochar and ash, and the slag is liquid molten slag and / or solid ash slag; The alkaline solution is transported into the quench ring by using a plurality of liquid inlets of the quench ring, and the alkaline solution is sprayed toward the gasification product through the liquid outlet of the quench ring, wherein the quench ring is arranged adjacent to the gasification outlet, a first angle is formed between the liquid inlet direction of the liquid inlet and the tangent direction of the quench ring at the liquid inlet, and a second angle is formed between the liquid outlet direction of the liquid outlet and the radial direction of the quench ring; Using the alkaline solution to react with HCl in the biogas, and washing NaCl, KCl and fly ash in the biogas; The slag is discharged through the first outlet, the alkaline solution after the reaction is discharged through the second outlet, and the biogas after the reaction is discharged through the third outlet.

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