Polygonal cutter head of TBM (tunnel boring machine)

Abstract

The invention discloses a TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) polygonal cutterhead, relates to the field of rock drilling, and aims to provide a TBM cutterhead for tunneling construction of a polygonal tunnel. According to the technical scheme, the TBM polygonal cutterhead comprises a cutterhead panel and spiral hobs, the section, perpendicular to the tunneling direction, of the cutterhead panel is polygonal, a plurality of hob grooves are formed in the cutterhead panel, the whole cutterhead panel is paved with the hob grooves, the section, perpendicular to the tunneling direction, of each hob groove is rectangular, and the spiral hobs are arranged in the hob grooves. A matched spiral hob is arranged in each hob groove in the middle line direction, the axis of each spiral hob is located on the plane corresponding to the cutterhead panel and is perpendicular to the tunneling direction, and hob teeth are arranged on the outer side of a hob ring of each spiral hob. The TBM polygonal cutterhead is used for construction of polygonal tunnels such as comprehensive pipe galleries and electric power pipe galleries.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of rock drilling, in particular to a cutter head of a full-face tunnel boring machine. Background Art

[0002] The full-face tunnel boring machine is referred to as TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine). The existing TBM cutterhead is circular and suitable for the excavation construction of circular tunnels. For example, the patent with application publication number CN 112983457 A discloses a variable diameter cutterhead, including a central middle block, a plurality of side blocks detachably connected to the sides of the middle block to form a disc structure, an intermediate connecting block detachably connected between the middle block and the side blocks, and an edge connecting block detachably connected between two adjacent side blocks, wherein the middle block, the side block, the middle connecting block and the edge connecting block are assembled into a disc structure. For another example, the patent with application publication number CN 118653847A discloses a TBM cutterhead, including a cutterhead frame, the cutterhead frame is provided with a cutter box, and the cutter box is installed with a tunneling tool; when working, the cutterhead frame is installed at the front end of the shield machine body, and the drive shaft in the middle of the cutterhead frame is connected to the hydraulic motor of the shield machine, and the air intake end of the pneumatic drive cylinder is connected to the air compressor assembly of the tunneling machine, and the cutterhead frame is driven by the hydraulic motor to rotate, so that conventional tunneling is performed through the tunneling tool. For another example, the patent with application publication number CN117365530A discloses a TBM cutterhead, including a cutterhead panel and a cutter group, the cutterhead panel is circular, and the cutter group includes a center cutter, a positive cutter, and a side cutter, the positive cutter is arranged in a double helix, and the side cutters are arranged at a certain inclination.

[0003] The existing TBMs including the above patents are used for the excavation of circular tunnels, but cannot be used for the excavation of polygonal tunnels such as rectangles, trapezoids, hexagons, octagons, etc. Tunnels such as utility tunnels and power tunnels can be designed as polygons, but the existing TBMs realize excavation construction through the rotation of the cutterhead and cannot form polygonal tunnels. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention provides a TBM polygonal cutter head, and aims to provide a TBM cutter head used for the excavation construction of polygonal tunnels.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a TBM polygonal cutterhead, including a cutterhead panel and a spiral cutter. The cutterhead panel is polygonal in a cross section perpendicular to the excavation direction. The cutterhead panel is provided with a plurality of cutter grooves, each of which covers the entire cutterhead panel. Each of the cutter grooves is rectangular in a cross section perpendicular to the excavation direction. An adaptive spiral cutter is provided in each cutter groove along its centerline direction. The axis of the spiral cutter is located in a plane corresponding to the cutterhead panel and is perpendicular to the excavation direction. Cutting teeth are provided on the outer side of the cutter ring of the spiral cutter.

[0006] In order to establish a channel connecting the cutter head panel with the tunnel face, further: the cutter head panel is also provided with an advance hole, the advance hole is arranged along the excavation direction and passes through the cutter head panel, and the advance hole is set in the gap between the roller cutter grooves.

[0007] The shape of the teeth of the spiral cutter can be various styles, which are selected according to the geological conditions. Specifically: the teeth of the spiral cutter are V-shaped, bevel-shaped, broken line-shaped, wavy or square-shaped.

[0008] The number of sides of a polygonal tunnel is generally not too many, and the number of sides is generally 4 to 8. Specifically, the number of sides of the cutterhead panel on the cross section perpendicular to the excavation direction is 4 to 8.

[0009] The cross-sectional shape of the polygonal tunnel is generally axisymmetric. Furthermore, the cutterhead panel is axisymmetric in the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the excavation direction, and the axis of symmetry includes at least one of a horizontal line and a vertical line.

[0010] There are multiple cutter grooves located on the cutter head panel, and the sizes of the cutter grooves can be equal or unequal. The cutter grooves can be arranged in rows and columns, or in a dispersed arrangement, or in a combination of row and column arrangement and dispersed arrangement, as long as the entire cutter head panel is covered as much as possible. Specifically: the cutter head panel is rectangular in the cross section perpendicular to the excavation direction, and the cutter grooves are arranged in rows and columns; or the cutter head panel is a polygon with 5 to 8 sides in the cross section perpendicular to the excavation direction, and the line connecting any two endpoints of the polygon divides the polygon into a rectangular area and a triangular area, and the cutter grooves are arranged in rows in the rectangular area, and at least two cutter grooves of different sizes are arranged continuously in the direction of any side of the triangle in the triangular area. For example, the cutter head panel is an octagon in the cross section perpendicular to the excavation direction, and any two opposite sides of the octagon are parallel to each other. The cutter head panel is divided into a cross-shaped rectangular area and four triangular areas, and the four triangular areas are located at the four corners of the rectangular area. Each triangular area is provided with two cutter grooves, and the axis of the spiral cutter in the cutter groove of the triangular area is in the same direction as the nearest side of the cutter head panel.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the cutterhead panel does not rotate during the excavation process, and the spiral cutter rotates around its axis to achieve the extrusion and crushing of the rock and soil. The crushed rock and soil enter the back side of the cutterhead panel from the gap between the cutter groove and the spiral cutter, and are transported out with the conveying device of the shield machine. The cutter groove covers the entire cutterhead panel, that is, the spiral cutter covers the entire cutterhead panel, and the spiral cutter rotates around its axis to extrude and crush the rock and soil of almost the entire face. The TBM polygonal cutterhead does not rely on the rotation of the cutterhead panel to achieve tunnel excavation, so the shape of the cutterhead panel on the section perpendicular to the excavation direction directly determines the shape of the tunnel cross-section. The cutterhead panel is polygonal on the section perpendicular to the excavation direction, and a polygonal tunnel corresponding to the shape of the cutterhead panel is naturally formed. The TBM polygonal cutterhead is used for the construction of polygonal tunnels such as comprehensive pipeline corridors and power pipeline corridors. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a TBM polygonal cutterhead of the present invention.

[0013] Figure numerals: cutter head panel 1, spiral hob 2, advance hole 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0015] like Figure 1 As shown, the polygonal cutterhead of the TBM of the present invention includes a cutterhead panel 1 and a spiral cutter 2. The cutterhead panel 1 is polygonal in the cross section perpendicular to the excavation direction, and the spiral cutter 2 is multiple and installed on the cutterhead panel 1. The cutterhead panel 1 is provided with multiple cutter grooves, and each cutter groove covers the entire cutterhead panel 1. Under the premise of meeting the strength and safety requirements, the net spacing between the cutter grooves is as small as possible. Each cutter groove is rectangular in the cross section perpendicular to the excavation direction, and an adapted spiral cutter 2 is provided in each cutter groove along its centerline direction, that is, the axis of the spiral cutter 2 coincides with the centerline of the rectangle corresponding to the cutter groove. The cutter groove is generally rectangular in the cross section perpendicular to the excavation direction, and the axis of the spiral cutter 2 coincides with the centerline of the rectangle corresponding to the cutter groove and parallel to the long side. The axis of the spiral cutter 2 is located in the plane corresponding to the cutterhead panel 1 and is perpendicular to the excavation direction. The outer side of the cutter ring of the spiral cutter 2 is provided with cutter teeth, the cutter teeth part is located in the cutter groove, and the cutter teeth part is located on the front side of the cutter head panel 1. The cutter teeth of the spiral cutter 2 can be in various shapes, for example, the cutter teeth of the spiral cutter 2 are V-shaped, beveled, broken line, wavy or square, and the shape of the cutter teeth of the spiral cutter 2 is selected according to the geological conditions.

[0016] In order to establish a passage between the front and rear sides of the cutterhead panel 1 to observe and process the tunnel face, the cutterhead panel 1 is also provided with an advance hole 3, which is arranged along the excavation direction and passes through the cutterhead panel 1. The advance hole 3 is arranged at the gap between the roller cutter grooves. There are generally multiple advance holes 3 and they are evenly arranged, and each advance hole 3 is generally a round hole.

[0017] The number of sides of a polygonal tunnel is generally not too many, and the number of sides is generally 4 to 8, so the number of sides of the cutterhead panel 1 on the cross section perpendicular to the excavation direction is generally 4 to 8. The cross-sectional shape of a polygonal tunnel is generally an axisymmetric shape, and the axis of symmetry includes a horizontal line and a vertical line, so the cutterhead panel 1 is axisymmetric on the cross section perpendicular to the excavation direction, and the axis of symmetry includes at least one of the horizontal line and the vertical line.

[0018] The number of roller cutter grooves is determined according to the size of the tunnel cross section, that is, the number of roller cutter grooves is related to the area of ​​the cutter head panel 1 on the cross section perpendicular to the excavation direction. There are multiple roller cutter grooves on the cutter head panel 1, and the sizes of the roller cutter grooves can be equal or unequal. The roller cutter grooves can be arranged in rows and columns, or in a dispersed arrangement, or in a combination of row and column arrangement and dispersed arrangement, as long as the entire cutter head panel 1 is covered as much as possible.

[0019] For example, the cutter head panel 1 is rectangular in the cross section perpendicular to the excavation direction, and the cutter grooves are arranged in rows and columns to fill the entire cutter head panel 1, wherein the number of rows and columns of the cutter grooves are both positive integers, and at least one of the number of rows and columns is greater than or equal to 2.

[0020] For another example, the cutter head panel 1 is a polygon with 5 to 8 sides in a cross section perpendicular to the excavation direction. The line connecting any two endpoints of the polygon divides the polygon into a rectangular area and a triangular area. The rectangular area is arranged with roller cutter grooves in rows and columns. The number of rows of roller cutter grooves is at least 1, and the number of columns of roller cutter grooves is at least 1. The triangular area is arranged with at least two roller cutter grooves of different sizes arranged continuously along any side of the triangle, so that the roller cutter grooves cover the triangular area as much as possible. For example, see Figure 1 The cutter head panel 1 is an octagon in the cross section perpendicular to the excavation direction. Any two opposite sides of the octagon are parallel to each other. The cutter head panel 1 is divided into a cross-shaped rectangular area and four triangular areas. The width of the rectangular area is consistent with the length of the side it covers. The four triangular areas are located at the four corners of the rectangular area. Each triangular area is provided with two hob grooves, and the axis of the spiral hob 2 in the hob groove of the triangular area is in the same direction as the nearest side of the cutter head panel 1.

Claims

1. A TBM polygonal cutterhead, comprising a cutterhead panel (1) and a spiral cutter (2), characterized in that: The cutter head panel (1) is polygonal in a cross section perpendicular to the excavation direction. The cutter head panel (1) is provided with a plurality of roller cutter grooves, each roller cutter groove covers the entire cutter head panel (1). Each roller cutter groove is rectangular in a cross section perpendicular to the excavation direction. An adaptive spiral roller cutter (2) is provided in each roller cutter groove along its centerline direction. The axis of the spiral roller cutter (2) is parallel to the plane corresponding to the cutter head panel (1) and perpendicular to the excavation direction. The outer side of the cutter ring of the spiral roller cutter (2) is provided with cutter teeth.

2. The TBM polygonal cutterhead according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutter head panel (1) is also provided with an advance hole (3), which is arranged along the excavation direction and penetrates the cutter head panel (1), and is arranged at the gap between the roller cutter grooves.

3. The TBM polygonal cutterhead according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blade teeth of the spiral hob (2) are V-shaped, bevel-shaped, broken-line-shaped, wavy-shaped or square-shaped.

4. The TBM polygonal cutterhead according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of sides of the cutter head panel (1) on a cross section perpendicular to the excavation direction is 4 to 8.

5. The TBM polygonal cutterhead according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The cutterhead panel (1) is axisymmetric in a cross section perpendicular to the excavation direction, and the axis of symmetry includes at least one of a horizontal line and a vertical line.

6. The TBM polygonal cutterhead according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cutterhead panel (1) is rectangular in a cross section perpendicular to the excavation direction, and the cutter grooves are arranged in rows; or the cutterhead panel (1) is a polygon with 5 to 8 sides in a cross section perpendicular to the excavation direction, and the line connecting any two end points of the polygon divides the polygon into a rectangular area and a triangular area, the cutter grooves are arranged in rows in the rectangular area, and at least two cutter grooves of different sizes are arranged continuously along any side of the triangle in the triangular area.

7. The TBM polygonal cutterhead according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cutterhead panel (1) is an octagon in a cross section perpendicular to the excavation direction, and any two opposite sides of the octagon are parallel to each other. The cutterhead panel (1) is divided into a cross-shaped rectangular area and four triangular areas. The four triangular areas are located at the four corners of the rectangular area. Each triangular area is provided with two roller cutter grooves, and the axis of the spiral roller cutter (2) in the roller cutter groove of the triangular area is in the same direction as the nearest side of the cutterhead panel (1).

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