Large-pipe-diameter long-distance pipe jacking construction device suitable for soft soil area

Abstract

This invention discloses a large-diameter, long-distance pipe jacking construction device suitable for soft soil areas. It includes a frame, with a force transmission frame installed on the side of the frame near the tunnel entrance, anchored to the front wall around the tunnel entrance via a counter-pull device. The force transmission frame is equipped with an anti-knock device; the lower end of the anti-knock device elastically contacts the pipe jacking machine to prevent the tail of the machine from tilting upwards. When the jacks retract, anti-reverse devices are installed between the force transmission frame and the tail section of the pipe jacking machine, as well as the first pipe section, to prevent the pipe jacking machine and the first pipe section from retracting under the pressure of water and soil. During pipe jacking construction, an anti-torsion device is installed between the force transmission frame and the tail section and / or the first pipe section to resist the torque generated by the cutterhead of the pipe jacking machine. Therefore, this invention can effectively prevent the pipe jacking machine from retracting, torturing, or knocking during initial exit from the tunnel, thus ensuring safe, efficient, and economical pipe jacking operations and improving the quality of pipe jacking construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a large-diameter, long-distance pipe jacking construction device suitable for soft soil areas, belonging to the field of pipe jacking construction technology. Background Technology

[0002] The Shaodu Road pipe jacking project crosses the Yuyao River from east to west, with a total length of 400 meters. It uses reinforced concrete pipes with an outer diameter of 4.14 meters and a burial depth ranging from 6 to 16 meters along the route. A working shaft and a receiving shaft are respectively constructed on both banks of the Yuyao River. The caissons have an outer diameter of 13 meters and a maximum sinking depth of 22.5 meters. Because the working shaft is located close to the Yuyao River embankment, and the pipe jacking depth reaches 16 meters, the soil is typical soft soil in Ningbo, resulting in extremely high water and soil pressure. Under these environmental conditions, the pipe jacking machine may experience backward movement, twisting, or head bumping during the initial exit of the tunnel, thus affecting the quality of the pipe jacking construction.

[0003] Pipe jacking backwards: When the pipe jacking machine just exits the tunnel, the negative skin friction between the pipe jacking machine and the pipe section and the surrounding soil layer is less than the water and soil pressure received at the front end of the pipe jacking machine. When the jacks retract, the pipe jacking machine and the pipe section will also retreat under the action of water and soil pressure, resulting in the collapse of the soil layer at the front end of the pipe jacking machine and ground subsidence.

[0004] Pipe jacking torsion: When the pipe jacking machine just exits the tunnel, the negative frictional torque generated by the pipe jacking machine and the pipe section with the surrounding soil layer is less than the rotational torque generated by the cutterhead at the front end of the pipe jacking machine. This causes the tail of the pipe jacking machine to rotate with the cutterhead, resulting in tearing and damage to the ventilation pipe, mud discharge pipe, and power supply facilities inside the pipe jacking machine. If not controlled, this will further lead to uneven cutting of the soil layer by the cutterhead, causing safety hazards such as soil collapse and quality problems such as pipe section misalignment.

[0005] Pipe jacking head tipping: When the pipe jacking machine first exits the tunnel, because the weight of the pipe jacking machine is concentrated on the cutterhead, if it encounters a soft soil layer, the machine head may tip over. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device and method for large-diameter long-distance pipe jacking construction suitable for soft soil areas, so as to prevent the pipe jacking machine from retreating, twisting, or bumping during the initial exit of the tunnel, thereby completing the pipe jacking work safely, efficiently, and economically, and improving the quality of pipe jacking construction.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention will adopt the following technical solution:

[0008] A large-diameter long-distance pipe jacking construction device suitable for soft soil areas includes a frame, jacks, track components, and a pipe jacking machine; the frame is placed in the working shaft, and a jack support is installed on the side of the frame near the backrest, and a force transmission frame is set on the other side near the tunnel entrance, and is anchored to the front wall of the shaft around the tunnel entrance by a counter-pull device; the bottom of the frame is fixed to the bottom of the working shaft.

[0009] The jack is installed via the jack bracket and pressed tightly against the backrest;

[0010] The force transmission frame is equipped with an anti-knock device; the lower end of the anti-knock device is in elastic contact with the pipe jacking machine to prevent the tail of the pipe jacking machine from tilting upwards.

[0011] When the jack retracts, the force transmission frame is equipped with anti-retraction devices between the tail section of the pipe jacking machine and the first pipe section to prevent the pipe jacking machine and the first pipe section from retracting under the action of water and soil pressure.

[0012] During the jacking operation of the pipe jacking machine, an anti-torsion device is installed between the force transmission frame and the tail section and / or the first section of the pipe jacking machine to resist the torque generated by the cutterhead of the pipe jacking machine.

[0013] Preferably, the anti-pull device includes several anti-pull rods; one end of the anti-pull rod is connected to the well wall through a pre-embedded anchoring structure, and the other end is fixed to the frame through a connecting structure.

[0014] Preferably, the pre-embedded anchoring structure includes anchor bars, pre-embedded steel plates, and external connecting bars; the anchor bars are anchored in the well wall, one side of the pre-embedded steel plate is welded to the anchor bars, and the other side is welded to the external connecting bars; the tie rod is welded to the external connecting bars.

[0015] Preferably, the connection structure includes a connecting plate and a mechanical sleeve; the connecting plate is welded and fixed to the frame, and the connecting plate is provided with screw holes, and the anti-pull rod passes through the screw holes and is tightened and fixed by the mechanical sleeve.

[0016] Preferably, the anti-collision device includes a support rod, a spring assembly, and an elastic rubber wheel; the upper end of the support rod is connected to the force transmission frame, and the lower end is connected to the elastic rubber wheel through the spring assembly, wherein the elastic rubber wheel can make elastic contact with the pipe jacking machine located directly below it.

[0017] Preferably, the anti-torsion device provided between the force transmission frame and the tail section of the pipe jacking machine includes several anti-torsion wings A; the anti-torsion wings A are symmetrically arranged on the outer steel body of the pipe jacking machine and in contact with the track assembly, and the main surface of the anti-torsion wing A is perpendicular to the jacking direction.

[0018] Preferably, the anti-torsion device provided between the force transmission frame and the first pipe section includes an anti-torsion wing B and an anti-torsion pin;

[0019] The anti-torsion wing B comprises several units, which are symmetrically welded to the outer steel plate of the first pipe section and in contact with the track assembly. The main surface of the anti-torsion wing B is perpendicular to the jacking direction. One end of the anti-torsion pin is welded and fixed to the reaction frame, and the other end is inserted into the hoisting hole of the first pipe section. The length extension direction of the anti-torsion pin is perpendicular to the jacking direction.

[0020] Preferably, the anti-reverse device includes an anti-reverse wing;

[0021] The first tube section is equipped with three types of anti-reverse wings, corresponding to the first to third anti-reverse wings. The first anti-reverse wing is located at the top of the first tube section, the second anti-reverse wing is located at the middle, and the third anti-reverse wing is located near the track assembly. The upper end of the first anti-reverse wing is welded and fixed to the force transmission frame, and the lower end is welded to the top of the first tube section. The outer end of the second anti-reverse wing is welded and fixed to the force transmission frame, and the inner end is welded to the outer wall of the first tube section at the middle position. The third anti-reverse wing is welded and fixed to the track assembly, and the upper end of the third anti-reverse wing is fixed to the first tube section near the track assembly. At the same time, the main plate surface of the third anti-reverse wing is parallel to the jacking direction.

[0022] Preferably, the anti-reverse wings equipped on the tail section of the pipe jacking machine include three types, corresponding to anti-reverse wings A, B, and C. Specifically: anti-reverse wings A are installed at the top of the tail section of the pipe jacking machine, anti-reverse wings B are installed at the middle position, and anti-reverse wings C are installed near the track assembly. The upper end of anti-reverse wing A is welded and fixed to the force transmission frame, and the lower end is welded to the tail section of the pipe jacking machine. The outer end of anti-reverse wing B is welded and fixed to the force transmission frame, and the inner end is welded to the outer wall of the pipe jacking machine at the middle position. Anti-reverse wing C is welded and fixed to the track assembly, and the upper end of anti-reverse wing C is fixed to the position of the pipe jacking machine near the track assembly. At the same time, the main plate surface of anti-reverse wing C is parallel to the jacking direction.

[0023] Preferably, the frame is provided with three sets of guide rail connecting plates, corresponding to the first to the third guide rail connecting plates, wherein: the first guide rail connecting plate is suitable for the outer diameter of the third section of pipe, the second guide rail connecting plate is suitable for the outer diameter of the second section of pipe, and the third guide rail connecting plate is suitable for the outer diameter of the first section of pipe.

[0024] Based on the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0025] The large-diameter, long-distance pipe jacking construction device for soft soil areas described in this invention first sets up a force transmission frame on the side of the frame near the front end well wall. Then, the force transmission frame is installed to the front end well wall via a reverse-pull device, and an anti-knock device is fitted on the force transmission frame to prevent the tail of the pipe jacking machine from tilting upwards. When the jacks retract, anti-backward devices are fitted between the force transmission frame and the tail section of the pipe jacking machine, as well as the first pipe section, to prevent the pipe jacking machine and the first pipe section from retreating under the pressure of water and soil. During the pipe jacking operation, an anti-torsion device is fitted between the force transmission frame and the tail section and / or the first pipe section to resist the torque generated by the pipe jacking machine cutterhead. Therefore, this invention, by equipping appropriate anti-torsion and anti-backward devices at different stages of pipe jacking construction, can effectively prevent the pipe jacking machine from retreating, twisting, or knocking upwards during the initial exit of the tunnel, thus ensuring safe, efficient, and economical pipe jacking operations and improving the quality of pipe jacking construction. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the large-diameter long-distance pipe jacking construction device suitable for soft soil areas as described in this invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a plan view of the large-diameter long-distance pipe jacking construction device suitable for soft soil areas as described in this invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional layout diagram of the large-diameter long-distance pipe jacking construction device suitable for soft soil areas as described in this invention.

[0029] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of the pipe section;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a detailed diagram of the pipe section's interface;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the anti-pull device;

[0032] Figure 7 It is a 3D diagram of the anti-pull device;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of the anti-backflow device for the pipe section arrangement;

[0034] Figure 9 It is a 3D diagram of the anti-reverse device (the state of the pipe jacking machine exiting the tunnel);

[0035] Figure 10 It is a 3D diagram of the anti-reverse device (in the state of the lowered pipe section);

[0036] Figure 11 This is a structural diagram of the anti-torsion device for pipe sections;

[0037] Figure 12It is a 3D diagram of the anti-torsion device (in the state of the pipe jacking machine exiting the tunnel);

[0038] Figure 13 It is a 3D diagram of the anti-torsion device (in the lowered pipe section state);

[0039] Figure 14 This is a structural diagram of the anti-knock device;

[0040] Figure 15 This is a 3D diagram of the anti-knock device.

[0041] In the diagram: 1. Pipe jacking machine; I. Track assembly; I-1. First track assembly; I-2. Second track assembly; 121. Frame longitudinal beam; 122. Frame transverse beam; 123. Scissor brace; 124. Frame support column; 125. Guide rail connector; 123. Scissor brace; 126. Force transmission frame; 2. Front end well wall; 3. Reverse tension device; 31. Stiffening plate; 32. Connecting plate; 33. External connecting reinforcement; 34. 35. Anti-pull rod; 36. Embedded connecting steel plate b; 37. Anchor bar; 38. Mechanical sleeve; 4. Shim; 5. Rail; 6. Backrest; 7. Jack bracket; 8. Jack; 9. Rail stop plate; 10. Frame connecting plate; 11. First pipe section; 12. Main frame; 13. Scissor brace; 14. Anti-knock device; 141. Support rod; 142. Elastic rubber wheel; 143. Spring;

[0042] 110. Inner connecting steel section; 111. Inner ring embedded steel plate; 112. Outer steel plate; 113. Grouting hole; 114. Injection hole; 115. Lifting hole; 116. Anti-reverse wing; 1161. First anti-reverse wing; 1162. Second anti-reverse wing; 1163. Third anti-reverse wing; 117. Anti-torsion wing; 118. Outer ring embedded steel plate; 119. Anti-torsion pin;

[0043] 1190. Positioning anchor bar; 1191. Polysulfide sealant; 1192. Positioning steel ring; 1193. Sealing ring; 1194. Socket side; 1195. Pine wood pad; 1196. Internal connecting steel; 1197. Embedded connecting steel plate a; 1198. Anchor bar; 1199. Socket side. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, expressions, and values ​​of components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0045] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "over," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used here to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figure with other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation besides the orientation of the device as described in the figure. For example, if the device in the figure is inverted, a device described as "above" or "above" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations).

[0046] like Figure 1-15 As shown, the large-diameter, long-distance pipe jacking construction device for soft soil areas described in this invention includes a frame, jacks, track components, and a pipe jacking machine; wherein:

[0047] Pipe jacking machines and pipe sections are typically circular in shape for better compressive strength, but rectangular shapes can be used if the building's functionality is limited. The pipe jacking machine cuts the soil layer with its front cutterhead and transports the soil outside the pit using either mud or slurry removal.

[0048] Since pipe jacking construction is all underground and involves a large amount of equipment, working shafts are used to isolate the pipe jacking machine from the surrounding soil. The working shafts utilize Larssen sheet piles, interlocking steel pipe piles, and caissons as support structures. Plain concrete walls are installed at the pipe jacking exit point to facilitate removal when the pipe jacking machine exits the tunnel.

[0049] The frame is installed in the working shaft, and track assemblies are arranged on the frame along the jacking direction. These assemblies include longitudinal beams and transverse beams. The longitudinal beams are arranged along the jacking direction, and the transverse beams are arranged perpendicular to the jacking direction. There are two sets of track assemblies on the frame, corresponding to the first track assembly and the second track assembly, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 2 .

[0050] One end of the frame is fitted with a jack support to install the jacks and ensure that the jacks are firmly against the backrest constructed on the rear wall of the working shaft. The other end of the frame is positioned near the pre-designated portal construction location on the front wall of the working shaft. The backrest, acting as a force diffusion component for the jacks, is typically a reinforced concrete structure. The backrest transfers the jacking force to the shaft wall, preventing localized pressure damage. The jack supports are the jack-supporting components; their number of layers, height, and width depend on the shape and size of the pipe section. To prevent instability during jacking, lateral connections can be installed between the jack supports, with their rear sides close to the main frame's crossbeams. The jacks are the main output components for pipe section jacking; different numbers and specifications of jacks are used depending on the pipe section size, jacking length, and soil conditions. The jacks rest on the jack supports, with triangular steel plates welded to the supports on both sides restricting their lateral movement. The rear ends of the jacks are firmly against the backrest. The jack stroke should generally be more than 250mm longer than the pipe section length.

[0051] The track assembly includes guide rails and tracks. The tracks are welded onto the guide rails, and the guide rails are mounted on the frame beams via guide rail connecting plates. The tracks are prefabricated "I" type tracks used in heavy-duty cranes. The guide rails are made of square tubing with good bending resistance and are welded together with the tracks to form a single unit. Guide rail connecting plates are installed at fixed intervals on the guide rails and are bolted to the frame beams. The guide rail connecting plates consist of two triangular steel plates and two trapezoidal steel plates, welded to the frame beams.

[0052] The frame of this invention is divided into three levels of guide rails and tracks according to different outer diameter pipe sections. The first level has an outer diameter of 0.9m to 1.5m; the second level has an outer diameter of 1.8m to 3.3m; and the third level has an outer diameter of 3.5m to 4.2m. In other words, this invention has three sets of guide rail connecting plates arranged on the frame, corresponding to the first to third guide rail connecting plates. Specifically, the first guide rail connecting plate is suitable for the outer diameter of the third-level pipe section, the second guide rail connecting plate is suitable for the outer diameter of the second-level pipe section, and the third guide rail connecting plate is suitable for the outer diameter of the first-level pipe section. See the attached diagram for details. Figure 1 , 6 .

[0053] like Figure 3As shown, the frame is divided into several standard segments according to highway transportation standards; adjacent standard segments are connected by frame connecting plates, which are usually connected by flanges; the force transmission frame is constructed by rectangular tubes, and scissor bracing is provided between each rectangular tube to enhance the stability of the main frame structure. The scissor bracing uses channel steel cross-section.

[0054] A force transmission frame is installed near the tunnel entrance of the frame structure, and the force transmission frame is connected to the front wall of the tunnel entrance through a reverse tension device. At the same time, an anti-knock device is installed on the force transmission frame to make elastic contact with the tail section / pipe section of the pipe jacking machine located directly below the anti-knock device.

[0055] like Figure 2 As shown, the force transmission frame is U-shaped in general; it includes two vertical support columns and a crossbeam. The crossbeam spans across the top of the track assembly, and the two vertical support columns are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the track assembly in the horizontal direction. The lower end of each vertical support column is fixed to the frame, and the upper end is connected to the crossbeam.

[0056] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the pipe section of this invention uses C50P10 reinforced concrete pipe, and is divided into first and last pipe sections according to the needs of the pipe jacking project. Figure 4 a) and standard pipe section ( Figure 4 (b) in the middle.

[0057] The first and last pipe sections have a steel plate pre-embedded on the outside. After the jacking is in place, the steel plate is welded to the portal steel ring to form a whole, which can effectively prevent water leakage. In addition, when the pipe jacking machine exits the tunnel, the outer steel plate can accommodate more anti-reverse wings and anti-torsion wings. In the standard section, there is no outer steel plate. Water is stopped by the sealing ring at the pipe section interface, and a water-stop steel ring is welded to the pre-embedded steel plate on the inner ring of the pipe section (the inner connecting steel of the first and last three pipe sections is welded to increase the integrity of the pipe section. After the jacking is in place, the inner connecting steel ring is removed and a water-stop steel ring is welded on to stop the water leakage).

[0058] As an important component connecting the frame to the front well wall, the anti-pull device mainly functions to resist the water and soil pressure transmitted from the front of the pipe jacking machine and to provide certain anti-torsion and anti-overturning functions.

[0059] like Figure 6 , Figure 7As shown, the anti-pull device includes several anti-pull rods; one end of the anti-pull rod is connected to the front well wall through a pre-embedded anchoring structure, and the other end is fixed to the frame through a connecting structure. The pre-embedded anchoring structure includes anchor bars, pre-embedded steel plates, and external connecting bars; the anchor bars are anchored in the well wall, one side of the pre-embedded steel plate is welded to the anchor bars, and the other side is welded to the external connecting bars; the anti-pull rod is welded to the external connecting bars; the connecting structure includes a connecting plate and a mechanical sleeve; the connecting plate is welded to the frame, and the connecting plate is provided with screw holes, through which the anti-pull rod passes and is tightened by the mechanical sleeve. Triangular stiffening plates are provided around the connecting plate to prevent local buckling of the connecting plate under the action of the anti-pull rods.

[0060] In the anti-tension device, threaded steel bars are used for anchor reinforcement, which are installed together with the well wall reinforcement during caisson construction. Considering that most working wells are constructed using the caisson method, resulting in significant errors in elevation and planar position, post-installation of anchor reinforcement can also be used. The embedded steel plate is at least 16mm thick and welded together with the anchor reinforcement. The external connecting reinforcement uses threaded steel bars of the same specifications as the anti-tension rod, arranged in a "U" shape, with one end welded to the embedded steel plate and the other end welded to the anti-tension rod. The purpose of arranging the external connecting reinforcement is to prevent misalignment between the embedded steel plate and the frame. To prevent local buckling of the connecting plate, a pad is added to the bottom of the mechanical sleeve. To prevent local buckling of the connecting plate under the action of the anti-tension rod, triangular stiffening plates are added around the connection point with the force transmission frame.

[0061] The reverse pull device transfers the water and soil pressure borne by the front end of the pipe jacking machine to the well wall. The transfer path is as follows: water and soil pressure at the front end of the pipe jacking machine → pipe jacking machine or pipe section → weld between the pipe jacking machine or pipe section and the guide rail → guide rail baffle and guide rail → frame body → reverse pull device → well wall.

[0062] When the pipe jacking machine first exits the tunnel, the negative skin friction between the machine and the first pipe section and the surrounding soil is less than the water and soil pressure received at the front end of the machine. When the jacks retract, the machine and the first pipe section will also move backward under the water and soil pressure, leading to soil collapse and ground subsidence at the front end of the machine. The exit of the pipe jacking machine is a crucial node in the pipe jacking project and also a major source of risk.

[0063] To enhance safety during tunnel portal excavation and when the pipe jacking machine exits the tunnel, a cement-mixed soil pile wall is typically installed within 5 meters of the portal. According to Rankine's earth pressure formula, the self-stability of the cement-mixed soil pile wall is significantly greater than that of the undisturbed soil layer. When the pipe jacking machine first exits the tunnel, it is still within the cement-mixed soil pile wall, and the cutterhead is largely unaffected by soil and water pressure, requiring fewer anti-reverse flanges. However, once the pipe jacking machine passes through the cement-mixed soil pile wall, the undisturbed soil and water pressure on the cutterhead increases dramatically, necessitating a larger number of anti-reverse flanges.

[0064] Specifically, the anti-reverse device includes anti-reverse wings; such as Figures 8-10As shown, the first tube section is equipped with three types of anti-reverse wings, corresponding to the first to third anti-reverse wings. The first anti-reverse wing is located at the top of the first tube section, the second anti-reverse wing is located at the middle, and the third anti-reverse wing is located near the track assembly. The upper end of the first anti-reverse wing is welded and fixed to the force transmission frame, and the lower end is welded to the top of the first tube section. The outer end of the second anti-reverse wing is welded and fixed to the force transmission frame, and the inner end is welded to the outer wall of the first tube section at the middle position. The third anti-reverse wing is welded and fixed to the track assembly, and the upper end of the third anti-reverse wing is fixed to the first tube section near the track assembly. At the same time, the main plate surface of the third anti-reverse wing is parallel to the jacking direction.

[0065] like Figure 9 , Figure 10 As shown, the anti-reverse wings equipped on the pipe jacking machine include two types, corresponding to anti-reverse wings A, B, and C. Anti-reverse wings A are located at the top of the tail section of the pipe jacking machine, anti-reverse wings B are located in the middle, and anti-reverse wings C are located near the track assembly. The upper end of anti-reverse wing A is welded and fixed to the force transmission frame, and the lower end is welded to the tail section of the pipe jacking machine. The outer end of anti-reverse wing B is welded and fixed to the force transmission frame, and the inner end is welded to the outer wall of the middle section of the tail section of the pipe jacking machine. Anti-reverse wing C is welded and fixed to the track assembly, and the upper end of anti-reverse wing C is fixed to the pipe jacking machine near the track assembly. Simultaneously, the main plate surface of anti-reverse wing C is parallel to the jacking direction. Of course, this invention can also be used for multiple pipe jacking sections, not just the first section. The number of pipe jacking sections required for anti-reverse wing arrangement can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0066] When the pipe jacking machine first exits the tunnel, the negative skin friction torque generated by the machine and pipe sections against the surrounding soil is less than the rotational torque generated by the cutterhead at the front of the machine. This causes the tail of the machine to rotate with the cutterhead, resulting in tearing and damage to the ventilation pipes, sludge discharge pipes, and power supply facilities inside the machine. If left uncontrolled, this can further lead to uneven cutting of the soil by the cutterhead, causing safety hazards such as soil collapse and quality problems such as pipe section misalignment. To avoid this twisting of the pipe jacking machine, this invention innovatively proposes an anti-twist device, which is divided into two states based on the pipe jacking construction: the machine exiting the tunnel and the pipe section installation state.

[0067] When the pipe jacking machine is exiting the tunnel, to resist the torque generated by the cutterhead, several symmetrical anti-torsion wings A are welded onto the outer steel casing of the pipe jacking machine and contact the track assembly. When the cutterhead causes the pipe jacking machine body to twist, the anti-torsion wings A will firmly "lock" the track assembly. See the attached diagram for details. Figure 12 .

[0068] During the pipe section installation phase, anti-torsion wing B is welded to the outer steel plate of the first pipe section. Simultaneously, two anti-torsion pins are installed on its lifting holes and welded to the reaction frame. The reaction frame and working shaft resist the cutterhead torque. For details, please refer to the appendix. Figure 11 , Figure 13 At this point, the anti-torsion device equipped on the first pipe section includes an anti-torsion wing B and an anti-torsion pin; the main plate surface of the anti-torsion wing B is perpendicular to the jacking direction, and the lower wing plate of the anti-torsion wing B overlaps on the track assembly; an anti-torsion pin is installed in the lifting hole of the pipe section. The anti-torsion pin is welded and fixed to the force transmission frame, and the length extension direction of the anti-torsion pin is perpendicular to the jacking direction to achieve the anti-torsion function. The anti-torsion wing A and anti-torsion wing B are made of 20mm thick steel plate. The anti-torsion pin is made of square tubing.

[0069] Before the pipe jacking machine fully enters the tunnel portal, the anti-torsion wing installed on the pipe jacking machine is removed, and an anti-torsion wing is added to the first pipe section thereafter.

[0070] In addition, to increase torsional resistance, the pipe jacking machine and the first pipe section are connected as a whole using internal connecting steel sections. Each pipe section is also connected as a whole using internal connecting steel sections, and each pipe section has a pre-embedded steel plate on its inner wall near the pipe opening, serving as a welding carrier for the internal connecting steel sections. Specifically, this invention pre-embeds steel plates on the inner walls of the pipe jacking machine and the first pipe section, as well as the inner walls of the first three pipe sections, and uses steel sections for connection to enhance the overall stability of the pipe jacking machine during initial operation, thereby increasing the success rate of the device in achieving its anti-torsion, anti-collision, and anti-backward goals.

[0071] Of course, the present invention can also be used to equip anti-torsion wings for multiple pipe jacking sections, and is not limited to the first pipe section. As for how many pipe jacking sections need to be added for the arrangement of anti-torsion wings, it can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0072] The anti-knock device can be adjusted to different heights according to the size of the pipe section. The lower end of the anti-knock device has a roller-slip structure with a rolling direction consistent with the jacking direction. When the pipe jacking machine tilts downwards (knocks) after exiting the tunnel, this device provides directional jacking force to prevent it from tilting (knocking). Figure 14 , Figure 15 As shown, the anti-collision device includes a support rod, a spring assembly, and an elastic rubber wheel. The upper end of the support rod is connected to the force transmission frame, and the lower end is connected to the elastic rubber wheel through the spring assembly. The elastic rubber wheel can elastically contact the pipe jacking machine located directly below it. The spring assembly includes a spring and an upper pressure plate and a lower pressure plate respectively connected to the upper and lower ends of the spring. The upper pressure plate is assembled at the lower end of the support rod, and the elastic rubber wheel is installed below the lower pressure plate. Several springs are evenly distributed between the upper and lower pressure plates.

[0073] When the pipe jacking machine bumps its head, the tunnel entrance is usually used as the pry point. The cutterhead causes the head of the pipe jacking machine to tilt downwards, while the tail of the machine tilts upwards. The elastic wheel set on the force transmission frame can effectively prevent the tail of the machine from tilting upwards.

Claims

1. A pipe jacking construction device for large-diameter long-distance pipe jacking in soft soil areas, comprising a frame, jacks, track components, and a pipe jacking machine; the frame is placed in a working shaft, characterized in that, The frame is equipped with a jack support on one side near the backrest and a force transmission frame on the other side near the tunnel entrance, and is anchored to the front wall of the tunnel entrance by a counter-pull device; the bottom of the frame is fixed to the bottom of the working shaft. The jack is installed via the jack bracket and pressed tightly against the backrest; The force transmission frame is equipped with an anti-knock device; the lower end of the anti-knock device is in elastic contact with the pipe jacking machine to prevent the tail of the pipe jacking machine from tilting upwards. When the jack retracts, the force transmission frame is equipped with anti-retraction devices between the tail section of the pipe jacking machine and the first pipe section to prevent the pipe jacking machine and the first pipe section from retracting under the action of water and soil pressure. During the jacking operation of the pipe jacking machine, an anti-torsion device is installed between the force transmission frame and the tail section and / or the first pipe section of the pipe jacking machine to resist the torque generated by the cutter head of the pipe jacking machine. The anti-collision device includes a support rod, a spring assembly, and an elastic rubber wheel; the upper end of the support rod is connected to the force transmission frame, and the lower end is connected to the elastic rubber wheel through the spring assembly. The elastic rubber wheel can make elastic contact with the pipe jacking machine located directly below it. The anti-torsion device set between the force transmission frame and the tail section of the pipe jacking machine includes several anti-torsion wings A; the anti-torsion wings A are symmetrically arranged on the outer steel body of the pipe jacking machine and in contact with the track assembly, and the main plate surface of the anti-torsion wing A is perpendicular to the jacking direction. The anti-torsion device between the force transmission frame and the first pipe section includes an anti-torsion wing B and an anti-torsion pin. The anti-torsion wing B comprises several units, which are symmetrically welded to the outer steel plate of the first pipe section and in contact with the track assembly. The main surface of the anti-torsion wing B is perpendicular to the jacking direction. One end of the anti-torsion pin is welded and fixed to the reaction frame, and the other end is inserted into the hoisting hole of the first pipe section. The length extension direction of the anti-torsion pin is perpendicular to the jacking direction. The aforementioned anti-reverse device includes anti-reverse wings; The first tube section is equipped with three types of anti-reverse wings, corresponding to the first to the third anti-reverse wings. The first anti-reverse wing is located at the top of the first tube section, the second anti-reverse wing is located at the middle, and the third anti-reverse wing is located near the track assembly. The upper end of the first anti-reverse wing is welded and fixed to the force transmission frame, and the lower end is welded to the top of the first tube section. The outer end of the second anti-reverse wing is welded and fixed to the force transmission frame, and the inner end is welded to the outer wall of the first tube section at the middle position. The third anti-reverse wing is welded and fixed to the track assembly, and the upper end of the third anti-reverse wing is fixed to the first tube section near the track assembly. At the same time, the main plate surface of the third anti-reverse wing is parallel to the jacking direction. The anti-reverse wings equipped on the tail section of the pipe jacking machine include three types, corresponding to anti-reverse wings A, B, and C. Specifically: anti-reverse wings A are installed at the top of the tail section of the pipe jacking machine, anti-reverse wings B are installed at the middle, and anti-reverse wings C are installed near the track assembly. The upper end of anti-reverse wing A is welded and fixed to the force transmission frame, and the lower end is welded to the tail section of the pipe jacking machine. The outer end of anti-reverse wing B is welded and fixed to the force transmission frame, and the inner end is welded to the outer wall of the pipe jacking machine at the middle position. Anti-reverse wing C is welded and fixed to the track assembly, and the upper end of anti-reverse wing C is fixed to the position of the pipe jacking machine near the track assembly. At the same time, the main plate surface of anti-reverse wing C is parallel to the jacking direction.

2. The pipe jacking device for large-diameter, long-distance pipe jacking construction in soft soil areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned anti-pull device includes several anti-pull rods; one end of the anti-pull rod is connected to the well wall through a pre-embedded anchoring structure, and the other end is fixed to the frame through a connecting structure.

3. The pipe jacking device for large-diameter, long-distance pipe jacking construction in soft soil areas according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pre-embedded anchoring structure includes anchor bars, pre-embedded steel plates, and external connecting bars; the anchor bars are anchored in the well wall, one side of the pre-embedded steel plate is welded to the anchor bars, and the other side is welded to the external connecting bars; the tie rod is welded to the external connecting bars.

4. The pipe jacking device for large-diameter, long-distance pipe jacking construction in soft soil areas according to claim 3, characterized in that, The connection structure includes a connecting plate and a mechanical sleeve; the connecting plate is welded and fixed to the frame, and the connecting plate is provided with screw holes. The anti-pull rod passes through the screw holes and is tightened and fixed by the mechanical sleeve.

5. The pipe jacking device for large-diameter, long-distance pipe jacking construction in soft soil areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frame is equipped with three sets of guide rail connecting plates, corresponding to the first to the third guide rail connecting plates. The first guide rail connecting plate is suitable for the outer diameter of the third section of the pipe, the second guide rail connecting plate is suitable for the outer diameter of the second section of the pipe, and the third guide rail connecting plate is suitable for the outer diameter of the first section of the pipe.

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