Occlusion shear-resistant constant-resistance large-deformation anchor rod and method

Abstract

The invention discloses an occluded shear-resistant constant-resistance large-deformation anchor rod and method, the occluded shear-resistant constant-resistance large-deformation anchor rod comprises a bearing section, a free section and an anchor rod, one side of the free section is connected with the anchor rod, and the other side of the free section is connected with the bearing section. In order to cope with the anchor rod project requiring long rod body, large design deformation and non-uniform deformation point distribution, a plurality of sections of anchor rods and sleeves are connected to one set of device by additionally arranging the deformation sleeves and the nuts A. The effects of lengthening the anchor rod, increasing deformation sites and increasing the total deformation amount can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of deformable anchor rods, and in particular relates to an interlocking shear-resistant constant resistance large deformation anchor rod and a method. Background Art

[0002] At present, prestressed anchor support technology is the most widely used support technology in the construction of tunnel and coal mine tunnel engineering support structures. The prestressed tendons used in prestressed anchor support technology can be anchor cables or anchor rods. With the continuous deepening of mining depth and the development of tunnel excavation projects in plateau areas, the engineering rock mass often shows the characteristics of large deformation, such as: large deformation due to high stress, large deformation due to soft rock, and large deformation due to rock burst. The elongation of the prestressed tendons used in traditional prestressed anchor support technology is much lower than that of the engineering rock mass, and it is difficult to coordinate deformation with the engineering rock mass in the anchoring area. Under the action of dynamic loads or the release of rock stress itself, the prestressed tendons are prone to breakage failure due to yield strength or rock fragmentation and anchor failure, and the anchor support protection capacity is lost, resulting in multiple repairs of the support project, deformation of the main body of the tunnel and tunnel, and other damage phenomena.

[0003] In order to enable anchor rods to be used in large deformation rock conditions, a series of Heng Group large deformation anchor rods have been developed and put into use, among which the most widely used is the expansion shell structure large deformation anchor rod series. Compared with other large deformation anchor rods such as material anchor rods, this series of anchor rods has the advantages of low cost.

[0004] The patent document with publication number CN105931536A discloses an adjustable constant large deformation anchor rod. The anchor rod can adjust the constant resistance of the anchor rod through an adjuster, but when the rock formation deforms in a direction other than the axis of the anchor rod, resulting in deformation of the lining, the adjuster cannot destroy the lining in the preset direction (the axis of the anchor rod), and the large deformation capacity fails.

[0005] The patent document with publication number CN115217503A discloses a multi-section constant resistance anchor cable and installation method. The anchor cable has a sharp tooth ring at the bonding point between the sleeve and the concrete in the hole to increase the bonding force between the sleeve and the concrete. However, when the rock formation is deformed or the stress of the anchor rod is too large, stress concentration at the tooth tip will cause the nearby concrete to break and lose bonding.

[0006] The patent document with publication number CN117328916A discloses a rod-cable combined enhanced energy-absorbing anchor device. The device provides support reaction force for the anchor by the force generated by the raised part of the shear section of the closing sleeve shearing off, absorbing the energy generated by the surrounding rock. In this application, the prestressed anchor support is achieved by setting a ball head nut in contact with the sleeve and deforming the sleeve. However, it does not set a multi-stage constant resistance deformation anchor structure. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a bite-type shear-resistant constant resistance large deformation anchor rod and method, which can coordinate deformation with the rock formation when the rock formation produces large stress, and produce continuous and stable restraining resistance to the rock formation during the deformation process, thereby solving the problem of sudden failure of the anchor rod under the condition of large deformation of the rock formation.

[0008] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0009] The present invention provides a bite-type anti-shear constant resistance large deformation anchor rod, comprising a load-bearing section, a free section and an anchor rod, wherein one side of the free section is connected to the anchor rod, and the other side of the free section is connected to the load-bearing section.

[0010] Preferably, the free section includes a connecting rod, a nut A, a sleeve and a stop ring, one end of the sleeve is connected to the connecting rod, and the other end of the sleeve is connected to the stop ring, one end of the anchor rod passes through the stop ring and is connected to the nut A, and the nut A is arranged in the sleeve.

[0011] Preferably, an annular body is provided on the outer wall of the sleeve, a connecting part is provided at one end of the sleeve, a cavity and a boss are provided inside the connecting part, a groove is provided on the inner wall of the sleeve, the diameter of the connecting part is larger than the diameter of the sleeve, and the nut A is provided in the cavity.

[0012] Preferably, the sleeve is connected to the connecting rod via a connecting portion, a sealing gasket is provided on the boss, and one side of the sealing gasket is connected to the connecting rod.

[0013] Preferably, the bearing section includes a nut B and a pad, the nut B is connected to a connecting rod, and the connecting rod passes through the pad.

[0014] Preferably, the connecting portion can be connected to the anchor rod via a nut C, and one end of the cavity is conical.

[0015] Preferably, one end of the nut A is a spherical end.

[0016] Preferably, the pad is made of steel.

[0017] A method for installing a bite-type shear-resistant constant resistance large deformation anchor rod comprises the following steps:

[0018] S1: Connect the stop ring to the sleeve, tighten the anchor rod and nut A, and insert the end of the anchor rod that is not connected to the nut A into the sleeve along one end of the connection part until the spherical end of the nut A contacts the conical end of the cavity. At this time, the end of the anchor rod that is not connected to the nut A should extend out of the stop ring for a while.

[0019] S2: Inject waterproof material into the cavity where the end of the stop ring away from the sleeve is connected to the anchor rod, and prevent the grout from flowing back into the sleeve cavity during grouting.

[0020] S3: Place the sealing gasket into the connection part, and place the sealing gasket so that it contacts the boss surface. Tighten the nut B to connect the connection part, and tighten until the large end of the nut B presses the sealing gasket tightly.

[0021] S4: Place the parts assembled in steps S1-S3 into the prestressed hole, with the length of the connection rod extending out of the tensioning reference plane being equal to the reserved length for tensioning. Install the pad to the tensioning reference plane, pass the connection rod through the center hole of the pad, screw nut B into one end of the connection rod for connection, and then perform hole grouting and concrete pouring. When the concrete strength reaches the designed tensioning strength, perform tensioning. During tensioning, use the pad as the tensioning bearing surface, tension one end of the connection rod, and transfer the prestress to the sleeve and anchor rod through the connection rod. After tensioning and locking, tighten nut B to complete the installation.

[0022] A method for using a bite-type shear-resistant constant resistance large deformation anchor rod comprises the following steps:

[0023] There is an angle α between nut A and sleeve. When nut A squeezes sleeve and deforms, assuming the contact surface force of extrusion deformation is F, the constant resistance provided is F*sinα. The constant force can be controlled by adjusting the angle α. After determining the maximum constant resistance, select a suitable safety factor to check the friction shear force outside the sleeve. Assuming the maximum constant resistance is F*sinα and the safety factor is k, the total bottom area S of all shear rings should be related: half of the tensile strength can be taken as the design shear strength, that is, 0.5Rm, and 0.5Rm*S≥k*F*sinα is required to ensure that the sleeve is not separated from the surrounding rock during the process of constant large deformation of the device.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0025] 1. Rock deformation is uncertain and asymmetric. Existing wedge-shaped deformation devices (equivalent to the ball nut and sleeve of this application) are easily affected by this and the deformation path deviates from the designed path, thus affecting the deformation effect. The constant resistance large deformation anchor of the present invention uses a spherical nut A connector to connect the prestressed tendon and the sleeve into a whole, so that when the prestressed tendon drives the ball nut to slide down, the spherical surface of the nut A can achieve automatic centering, ensuring that the actual deformation path is consistent with the designed deformation path.

[0026] 2. The deformation sleeve used in the existing constant resistance large deformation anchor is smooth. When the impact load is too large during actual use, the sleeve device cannot bond well with the surrounding rocks and cannot effectively disperse stress through friction, which eventually leads to stress concentration in a certain part, rock damage in the stress concentration area, and anchor failure. The sleeve of the present invention adds an annular body to change the structure, increase its bonding and friction ability with the surrounding rocks, and by arranging an annular body outside the sleeve, part of the stress can be evenly dispersed to the rock mass contacted by the annular body section during the process of the sleeve bearing stress deformation, so as to achieve the effect of dispersing stress, preventing rock damage caused by stress concentration, and ensuring the bond strength between the sleeve and the surrounding rock, so that the device can work as designed. -

[0027] 3. For the existing sleeve, when the rock dislocation causes the sleeve to deform, or the confining pressure of the engineering rock mass outside the sleeve is too large, the wedge deformation device will have insufficient extrusion stress, so that the wedge cannot smoothly squeeze the sleeve to deform, and the device effect cannot be achieved. Now, by adding a certain number of grooves along the length direction of the sleeve to the inner wall of the sleeve, when the confining pressure is too large, the stress transmitted by the nut can be concentrated at the groove, and the sleeve structure is destroyed by stress concentration, and the sleeve is deformed toward the groove notch, and the internal cavity is enlarged, so that the nut A slides and the device is deformed greatly.

[0028] 4. In the present invention, when nut A slides to the lower end of the connection between the sleeve and the stop ring, nut A stops sliding, and the extension of the anchor rod reaches the maximum design value. At this time, nut B at the top of the device can play a safety protection role, ensuring that the anchor rod can provide sufficient anchoring force to the surrounding rock and prevent the rock layer from sliding. And by expanding the prestressed bearing surface through the pad, it can prevent the anchor failure caused by the crushing of the rock (concrete) on the force surface.

[0029] 5. The inner cavity of the stop ring of the present invention adopts a variable diameter design, and the diameter of the through hole at the small end is close to the diameter of the anchor rod body, so that the inner cavity through hole here plays a certain centering role on the anchor rod body. When the anchor rod is well centered, the effective prestress after tensioning can be increased, so that the anchor rod can better meet the design requirements.

[0030] 6. The bottom end of the existing constant resistance large deformation anchor sleeve usually lacks a constraint component. When the nut used for extrusion deformation slides to the bottom end of the sleeve, due to the lack of structural constraints, the nut will directly slide out of the sleeve under the action of the axial force. At this time, the anchor is separated from the constant resistance large deformation device, and the anchor loses its anchoring force instantly, which may cause sudden damage to the structure. The present invention uses an explosion-proof stop ring as a constraint on the bottom end of the sleeve. When the nut A reaches the maximum deformation in the sleeve, the nut slides A to the bottom end of the sleeve. At this time, the nut A will directly contact the inner hole surface of the large end of the stop ring and will not continue to slide, preventing the nut A from sliding out of the sleeve and causing sudden damage to the device.

[0031] 7. The existing constant resistance large deformation series anchor sleeve has no constraints on the bottom end. When the nut slides to the lower part of the sleeve, due to the overall continuity of the sleeve, the nut will inevitably cause the area at the lower end of the sleeve where the nut has not passed to deform during the sliding process from top to bottom in the sleeve cavity, so that the cavity of the sleeve in this area will be enlarged by the sleeve that has been deformed at the front end, making the constant resistance required by the device smaller. The stop ring added by the present invention can constrain the passive deformation mentioned above, maintain the constant resistance of the device, and make the structure more reliable.

[0032] 8. The existing constant resistance large deformation anchor rods do not perform anti-corrosion treatment on the anchor rod in the sleeve cavity, so that this part of the anchor rod may rust during use. When the anchor rod body is subjected to greater stress, the rod body material produced by rust may indeed expand, causing the bearing capacity of the rod body to decrease or even break, which has a great impact on the overall integrity of the anchor rod. The present invention adds sealing measures to the sleeve cavity, and at the same time, anti-corrosion lubricating grease can be injected into the cavity formed by the sleeve and the stop ring. On the one hand, it can ensure the guaranteed elongation of the material of this section of the rod body when subjected to greater stress, and at the same time, it can extend the service life of the anchor rod.

[0033] 9. The present invention is to cope with anchor projects that require a long rod body, a large designed deformation amount, and uneven distribution of deformation points. By adding a deformation sleeve and a nut A, multiple sections of anchor rods and sleeves are connected to a set of devices. The effect of lengthening the anchor rod, increasing the deformation points, and increasing the overall deformation amount can be achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a single-stage occlusal shear-resistant large deformation anchor rod of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a multi-stage bite shear-resistant large deformation anchor rod of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sleeve of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sleeve of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the stop ring of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 It is a segmented schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0040] In the figure: 1-nut B, 2-pad, 3-connecting rod, 4-sealing gasket, 5-nut A, 6-sleeve, 7-stop ring, 8-anchor rod, 9-nut B, 10-nut C, 101-bearing section, 102-free section, 601-annular body, 602-connecting part, 603-cavity, 604-boss, 605-groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below, but the scope of protection claimed is not limited to the description.

[0042] Embodiment 1:

[0043] like Figure 1 , Figure 3-6 As shown, a bite-type shear-resistant constant resistance large deformation anchor includes a load-bearing section 101, a free section 102 and an anchor 8, wherein one side of the free section 102 is connected to the anchor 8, and the other side of the free section 102 is connected to the load-bearing section 101. The anchoring section of the anchor 8 has an external thread, and the section is bonded to the concrete in the hole to form an anchoring section. The entire outer contour of the free section 102 is bonded to the concrete in the hole, and the bonding area can be increased by the annular body 601 outside the sleeve 6.

[0044] The free section 102 includes a connecting rod 3, a nut A5, a sleeve 6 and a stop ring 7. One end of the sleeve 6 is connected to the connecting rod 3, and the other end of the sleeve 6 is connected to the stop ring 7. The stop ring 7 is an explosion-proof stop ring. One end of the anchor rod 8 passes through the stop ring 7 and is connected to the nut A5. The nut A5 is arranged in the sleeve 6.

[0045] An annular body 601 is provided on the outer wall of the sleeve 6, a connecting portion 602 is provided at one end of the sleeve 6, a cavity 603 and a boss 604 are provided inside the connecting portion 602, a groove 605 is provided on the inner wall of the sleeve 6, the diameter of the connecting portion 602 is larger than the diameter of the sleeve 6, and the nut A5 is provided in the cavity 603.

[0046] The sleeve 6 is connected to the connecting rod 3 through the connecting portion 602, and a sealing gasket 4 is arranged on the boss 604, and one side of the sealing gasket 4 is connected to the connecting rod 3. Anti-corrosion lubricating materials, such as grease, can be injected into the sleeve 6, so that the rod body of this section of the anchor rod 8 is not in contact with the concrete and the sleeve 6, and can slide freely. The free section 101 is designed to utilize the inclination angle of the contact surface between the nut A5 and the inner side of the sleeve 6, so that the nut A5 can be displaced and slid under a set force value, and can also provide a constant sliding resistance while sliding. By changing the contact surface angle between the nut A5 and the sleeve 6 and changing the thickness of the sleeve, the number and size of the circular grooves 605, the size of the constant resistance provided by the anchor rod 8 can be achieved, and the maximum deformation value of the anchor rod 8 can be adjusted by changing the length of the sleeve 6.

[0047] The bearing section 101 includes a section where the nut B1 , the pad 2 , and the anchor rod 8 are connected to the nut B1 and the pad 2 . The nut B1 is connected to the connecting rod 3 , and the connecting rod 3 is arranged through the pad 2 .

[0048] One end of the cavity 603 is conical.

[0049] One end of the nut A5 is a spherical end, and a spherical nut A6 connector is used to connect the prestressed tendon and the sleeve 6 into a whole, so that when the prestressed tendon drives the nut A5 to slide down, the spherical surface of the nut A5 can achieve automatic centering, ensuring that the actual deformation path is consistent with the designed deformation path.

[0050] The material of the pad 2 is steel, which has sufficient rigidity and strength to ensure that the stress at the tensioning end is evenly dispersed when the prestress is applied, thereby avoiding damage to the tensioning end.

[0051] A method for installing a bite-type shear-resistant constant resistance large deformation anchor rod comprises the following steps:

[0052] S1: Connect the stop ring 7 with the sleeve 6, tighten the anchor rod 8 with the nut A5, and insert the end of the anchor rod 8 not connected with the nut A5 into the sleeve 6 along one end of the connecting portion 602 until the spherical end of the nut A5 contacts the conical end of the cavity 603. At this time, the end of the anchor rod 8 not connected with the nut A5 should extend out from the stop ring 7 for a section, which is the anchoring section.

[0053] S2: Inject the expandable waterproof material polyurethane into the cavity where the end of the stop ring 7 away from the sleeve 6 is connected to the anchor rod 8, so that no gap can be seen by the naked eye, and prevent the slurry from flowing back into the cavity of the sleeve 6 during grouting.

[0054] S3: Place the sealing gasket 4 into the connecting part 602, and place the sealing gasket 4 so that it contacts the surface of the boss 604. Tighten the large end of the nut B9 to connect with the connecting part 602, and tighten until the large end of the nut B9 presses the sealing gasket 4.

[0055] S4: Place the parts assembled in steps S1-S3 into the prestressed channel, with the length of the insertion being based on the length of the connecting rod 3 extending out of the tensioning reference plane being equal to the reserved length for tensioning. Install the pad 2 to the tensioning reference plane, pass the connecting rod 3 through the center hole of the pad 2, screw the nut B1 into the connection from one end of the connecting rod 3, tighten it roughly, and then carry out the channel grouting and concrete pouring work. When the concrete strength reaches the designed tensioning strength, carry out the tensioning work. During tensioning, use the pad 2 as the tensioning bearing surface, tension one end of the connecting rod 3, and the prestress is transmitted to the sleeve 6 and the anchoring section rod body of the anchor rod 8 through the connecting rod 3, so as to realize the application of prestress to the entire anchor rod 8. After tensioning and locking, tighten the nut B1 to complete the installation.

[0056] A method for using a bite-type shear-resistant constant resistance large deformation anchor rod comprises the following steps:

[0057] There is an angle α between nut A5 and sleeve 6. When nut A5 squeezes sleeve 6 and deforms, assuming the contact surface force of the extrusion deformation is F, the constant resistance provided is F*sinα. The constant force can be controlled by adjusting the angle α and the contact surface force during deformation of the material of nut A5 and sleeve 6. After determining the maximum constant resistance, a suitable safety factor is selected to check the friction shear force outside sleeve 6. Assuming the maximum constant resistance is F*sinα and the safety factor is k, the total bottom area S of all shear rings should be related to: half of the tensile strength can be taken as the design shear strength, that is, 0.5Rm, and 0.5Rm*S≥k*F*sinα is required to ensure that the sleeve 6 is not separated from the surrounding rock during the process of constant large deformation of the device. When nut A5 slides to the connection point between one end of sleeve 6 and stop ring 7, the anchoring force required by the rock formation will be transmitted in the following manner: prestressed tendon → nut A5 → stop ring 7 → sleeve 6 → connecting rod 3 → nut B1 and pad 2, and the anchoring force is dispersed to a larger bearing surface through pad 2.

[0058] The stress generated when nut A5 contacts sleeve 6 is mainly related to the angle α and the material properties of sleeve 6. When the sleeve material has a large stiffness and strength, such as 40Cr steel, the greater the force required to deform sleeve 6, the greater the constant resistance provided by the system; conversely, when the sleeve material has a low stiffness and strength, such as 20# steel, the smaller the force required to deform sleeve 6, the smaller the constant resistance provided by the system. The constant resistance is controlled by selecting the material of sleeve 6.

[0059] Embodiment 2:

[0060] like Figure 2-6 As shown, a bite-type shear-resistant constant resistance large deformation anchor rod, its structure, installation method and use method are basically the same as those of Example 1, except that: the connecting part 602 can be connected to the anchor rod 8 through the nut C10, thereby forming a multi-stage bite-type shear-resistant constant resistance large deformation anchor rod, the sealing gasket 4, the nut A5, the sleeve 6, the stop ring 7 and the anchor rod 8 are respectively set in another part, and the connection and injection of waterproof material are carried out according to the same steps as steps S1-S3 in the installation method of Example 1, and there is still a certain gap between the flat end face of the ball head nut 2 and the large end face of the sleeve 2, the connecting rod 3 is screwed and connected to the connecting part 602, and the connection is tightened until the connecting rod 3 contacts the flat end of the nut A5 set in step S4, the other end of the connecting rod 3 is connected to the nut B1 and the pad 2, the anchor rod 8 set in step S4 is connected to the nut C10, and the two parts of the large deformation device are connected into a whole, so as to realize the anchor rod extension and multi-stage constant resistance large deformation device. The remaining installation and tensioning process are the same as Example 1. For anchor rods that require three-level large deformation extension or even more levels, the above steps can be repeated to achieve the splicing of multiple sets of devices and anchor rods.

[0061] The main body of the multi-stage constant resistance large deformation anchor rod is divided into multiple discontinuous anchoring sections, a free section 102 and a safe bearing section 101 on the outer end face. For a structure with only one deformation sleeve 6, when the large deformation of the anchored rock formation occurs at a position far away from the deformation sleeve 6, the anchoring section anchor rod 8 is far away from the sleeve 6 and cannot transfer the stress to the sleeve 6 (offset by the friction force of the rod body of the adjacent anchoring section), resulting in the deformation of the anchor rod 8 and the large deformation rock mass being inconsistent, the anchor rod 8 is separated from the large deformation rock mass, and the anchoring force is lost, resulting in the failure of the device. This structure can realize the extension of multiple short anchor rods 8, and disperse the deformation points corresponding to the sleeve 6 to each connection point. When the anchored rock formation undergoes a large displacement, the rock formation drives the anchor rod 8 to deform. At this time, the deformation of the anchor rod 8 will be provided by the sleeve 6 close to the upper and lower ends, ensuring that when the anchored rock mass undergoes a large deformation, the distance between the corresponding section anchor rod 8 and the adjacent sleeve 6 will not be too far, so as to control the deformation of the rock formation within a certain range.

[0062] In the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the prestressed tendons pass through the components from left to right in turn, and are finally connected and fixed by nut B1. The lower anchoring section of the prestressed tendons adopts grouting anchoring, and the upper part of the prestressed tendons passes through the stop ring 7 and sleeve 6, and then is connected to the nut A5 through a thread (for anchor rods) / clip (for anchor cables). The nut A5 can be placed in the cavity 603. The force required for anchoring is transmitted to the nut A5 through the prestressed tendons, and then transmitted to the sleeve 6 through the nut A5. The stop ring 7 plays the role of transmitting stress, restraining the sleeve 6 from excessive deformation perpendicular to the axis of the prestressed tendons, and centering the prestressed tendons.

[0063] One end of the connecting rod 3 is connected to the lower end of the prestressed tendon through a threaded sleeve 6 and extends to the grouting anchoring section. The upper end is connected to the nut A5. The prestressed tendon does not pass through the connecting rod 3. The other end of the connecting rod 3 is connected to the nut B1 through a thread, thereby realizing the connection between the lower anchoring section and the upper tensioning section.

[0064] The material strength of nut A5 is greater than that of sleeve 6. The contact surface between nut A5 and sleeve 6 is inclined to the center axis of the device. When subjected to force, the force can be divided into force along the center axis of the device and force perpendicular to the center axis of the device. The force along the center axis of the device is used to cause nut A5 to move along the center axis of the device under the action of force, thereby achieving large deformation of the device. The force perpendicular to the center axis of the device is used to ensure that nut A5 can apply pressure to sleeve 6 and deform sleeve 6, thereby providing a spatial basis for the displacement of nut A5 in the direction of stop ring 7.

Claims

1. A bite-type shear-resistant constant resistance large deformation anchor, characterized in that: It comprises a bearing section (101), a free section (102) and an anchor rod (8); one side of the free section (102) is connected to the anchor rod (8), and the other side of the free section (102) is connected to the bearing section (101).

2. The bite-type shear-resistant constant resistance large deformation anchor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The free section (102) comprises a connecting rod (3), a nut A (5), a sleeve (6) and a stop ring (7); one end of the sleeve (6) is connected to the connecting rod (3), and the other end of the sleeve (6) is connected to the stop ring (7); one end of the anchor rod (8) passes through the stop ring (7) and is connected to the nut A (5); and the nut A (5) is arranged in the sleeve (6).

3. The bite-type shear-resistant constant resistance large deformation anchor as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: An annular body (601) is arranged on the outer wall of the sleeve (6), a connecting portion (602) is arranged at one end of the sleeve (6), a groove (605) is arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve (6), a cavity (603) and a boss (604) are arranged in the connecting portion (602), the diameter of the connecting portion (602) is larger than the diameter of the sleeve (6), and a nut A (5) is arranged in the cavity (603).

4. The bite-type shear-resistant constant resistance large deformation anchor as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The sleeve (6) is connected to the connecting rod (3) via a connecting portion (602); a sealing gasket (4) is provided on the boss (604); one side of the sealing gasket (4) is connected to the connecting rod (3).

5. The bite-type shear-resistant constant resistance large deformation anchor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The bearing section (101) comprises a nut B (1) and a pad (2); the nut B (1) is connected to a connecting rod (3); and the connecting rod (3) is arranged to penetrate the pad (2).

6. The bite-type shear-resistant constant resistance large deformation anchor as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The connecting portion (602) can be connected to the anchor rod (8) via a nut C (10), and one end of the cavity (603) is conical.

7. The bite-type shear-resistant constant resistance large deformation anchor as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the nut A (5) is a spherical end.

8. The bite-type shear-resistant constant resistance large deformation anchor as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The backing plate (2) is made of steel.

9. A method for installing a bite-type shear-resistant constant resistance large deformation anchor according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Connect the stop ring (7) to the sleeve (6); tighten the anchor rod (8) to the nut A (5); insert the end of the anchor rod (8) not connected to the nut A (5) into the sleeve (6) along one end of the connecting portion (602) until the spherical end of the nut A (5) contacts the conical end of the cavity (603). At this time, the end of the anchor rod (8) not connected to the nut A (5) should extend out of the stop ring (7). S2: injecting waterproof material into the cavity where the end of the stop ring (7) away from the sleeve (6) is connected to the anchor rod (8), and preventing the grout from flowing back into the cavity of the sleeve (6) during grouting; S3: Place the sealing gasket (4) into the connecting portion (602), with the sealing gasket (4) placed so as to contact the surface of the boss (604); tighten the nut B (9) and the connecting portion (602) until the large end of the nut B (9) presses the sealing gasket (4); S4: Place the parts assembled in steps S1-S3 into the prestressed hole, with the length of the connection rod (3) extending from the tensioning reference surface being equal to the reserved length for tensioning; install the pad (2) to the tensioning reference surface, and pass the connection rod (3) through the center hole of the pad (2); screw the nut B (1) from one end of the connection rod (3) into the connection; then perform hole grouting and concrete pouring, and perform tensioning after the concrete strength reaches the designed tensioning strength; during tensioning, use the pad (2) as the tensioning bearing surface, tension one end of the connection rod (3), and transfer the prestress through the connection rod (3) to the sleeve (6) and the anchor rod (8). After tensioning and locking, tighten the nut B (1) to complete the installation.

10. A method for using the interlocking shear-resistant constant resistance large deformation anchor as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The nut A (5) and the sleeve (6) form an angle α. When the nut A (5) squeezes the sleeve (6) to deform, the contact surface force of the squeeze deformation is assumed to be F, and the constant resistance provided is F*sinα. The constant force can be controlled by adjusting the angle α. After determining the maximum constant resistance, a suitable safety factor is selected to check the friction shear force outside the sleeve (6). Assuming the maximum constant resistance is F*sinα and the safety factor is k, the total bottom area S of all shear rings should be related to: half of the tensile strength can be taken as the design shear strength, that is, 0.5Rm, and 0.5Rm*S≥k*F*sinα is required to ensure that the sleeve (6) is not separated from the surrounding rock during the process of the device generating a constant large deformation.

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