Air storage outlet air quality control method for compressed air energy storage power station

Abstract

The invention discloses a compressed air energy storage power station gas storage outlet air quality control method, and belongs to the technical field of energy storage. According to the method, a front preheater is adopted for controlling the compressed air energy storage power station gas storage outlet air quality, and the front preheater comprises a shell side and a pipe side; the shell side is a demineralized water channel, the pipe side is a channel for conveying compressed air in a gas storage, an inlet filter screen and an inlet funnel are arranged at a pipe side air inlet, a pipe side drainage connector is arranged at the end of one side of the pipe side air inlet of the preheater, and a pipe side air discharging connector is arranged at the end of one side of the pipe side air outlet of the preheater. According to the method, a heat exchanger or an air turbine can be prevented from being corroded by adopting the front preheater, safe operation of a unit is ensured, a PID parameter optimization algorithm is adopted in the control process, the calculation result is more accurate, a traditional manual control process is replaced by the method, the cost is reduced, and the control efficiency is improved. And the working intensity of personnel is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage, and in particular relates to a method for controlling air quality at an outlet of a gas storage reservoir of a compressed air energy storage power station. Background Art

[0002] Under the "dual carbon" goal, the increase in the proportion of new energy has brought many uncertainties to the power grid. Compressed air energy storage, as a long-term energy storage technology, has the advantages of large capacity, high safety, and short construction period. It can solve the uncertainty problems caused by the addition of new energy, improve the utilization rate of new energy resources, and help achieve the "dual carbon" goal.

[0003] The compressed air energy storage system mainly includes a compressor subsystem, an expander subsystem, a heat exchange subsystem, a heat storage subsystem, and a gas storage subsystem, which are divided into an energy storage stage and an energy release stage. In the energy storage stage, the compressor is driven by abandoned wind, abandoned photovoltaic power or off-peak electricity to store the compressed high-pressure air in the gas storage unit, and the electrical energy is converted into compression heat energy and pressure potential energy, realizing the decoupling of thermal energy and potential energy. In the energy release stage, the high-pressure air in the gas storage is released, and the stored compression heat drives the expander to work, thereby driving the generator to generate electricity. This process realizes the coupling of the potential energy in the gas storage unit and the thermal energy in the heat storage unit. In the conventional process route, the high-pressure air in the gas storage in the energy release stage is directly fed into the expander to work after heat exchange in the high-pressure heat exchanger. When the brine in the salt cavern gas storage has not been completely drained, the air is released from the gas storage, carrying some solid particles and salt droplets. These impurities enter the subsequent heat exchanger or turbine, which will inevitably cause certain corrosion to the heat exchanger or turbine, causing problems such as equipment pipe burst.

[0004] To this end, based on the current process system, it is urgently necessary to improve the compressed air energy storage structure in the expansion stage, provide a more effective structure and control method, and ensure that the air quality entering the subsequent heat exchanger or turbine meets the requirements. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention discloses a temperature balancing structure and method for a compressed air energy storage heat exchanger.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for controlling the air quality at the outlet of a compressed air energy storage power station gas storage reservoir, wherein the control method uses a pre-preheater to control the air quality at the outlet of a compressed air energy storage power station gas storage reservoir, wherein the preheater is arranged vertically, and the preheater includes a shell side and a tube side, wherein the shell side is a desalted water channel, and the tube side is a compressed air channel, and the desalted water on the shell side is used to preheat the compressed air on the tube side;

[0008] The desalted water inlet and the desalted water outlet of the shell side are respectively arranged at two ends of the shell side;

[0009] The two ends of the tube side are respectively provided with a tube side air inlet and a tube side air outlet, the tube side air inlet is provided with an inlet filter and an inlet funnel, the end of the tube side air inlet side of the preheater is provided with a tube side drain interface, and the end of the tube side air outlet side of the preheater is provided with a tube side air discharge interface;

[0010] Thermometers and pressure gauges are arranged at intervals on the desalted water channel;

[0011] The compressed air flowing through the preheater is preheated and purified by the preheater.

[0012] Furthermore, the method comprises: the gas storage is connected to the air inlet of the preheater tube side, the air outlet of the tube side is connected to the air inlet of the heat exchanger, the air outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the air turbine, and the air turbine is coaxial with the generator.

[0013] Furthermore, the method includes: the water outlet of the hot water storage tank is connected to the water side inlet of the heat exchanger, the water side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the desalted water inlet of the preheater, and the desalted water outlet of the preheater is connected to the water inlet of the cold water storage tank.

[0014] Furthermore, a regulating valve is provided between the water side outlet of the heat exchanger and the desalted water inlet.

[0015] Furthermore, the method includes: the compressed air in the gas storage is filtered through the inlet filter of the air inlet on the tube side of the preheater and then enters the preheater for preheating, the preheated compressed air enters the heat exchanger to continue heat exchange and temperature increase, and the heated compressed air enters the air turbine to perform work, thereby driving the generator to generate electricity.

[0016] Furthermore, the temperature of the preheated compressed air is 50-60°C, and the temperature of the heated compressed air is 160-170°C.

[0017] Furthermore, the method includes: controlling the compressed air to heat up through the heat exchanger to reach a set temperature value, and using a cascade PID control method optimized based on a BP neural network algorithm for control, wherein the cascade PID control method includes a main PID controller and a sub-PID controller.

[0018] Furthermore, the main PID controller is used to control the amount of hot water flowing into the heat exchanger, the input of the main PID controller is the deviation between the actual value of the air temperature at the tube side air outlet of the preheater and the set value of the air temperature at the tube side air outlet of the preheater, and the output of the main PID controller is the amount of hot water flowing into the heat exchanger.

[0019] Furthermore, the auxiliary PID controller controls the opening of the regulating valve, the input of the auxiliary PID controller is the sum of the actual value of the hot water flow flowing into the heat exchanger, the deviation of the hot water flow set value flowing into the heat exchanger and the hot water volume output by the main PID controller, and the output of the auxiliary PID controller is the opening of the regulating valve.

[0020] Furthermore, the proportional coefficient, integral coefficient and differential coefficient of the main PID controller and the sub-PID controller are optimized by a BP neural network optimization algorithm.

[0021] Beneficial effects:

[0022] (1) The present invention provides a gas storage outlet air quality control device and process. Through the configuration of the inlet filter screen, inlet funnel, pipe side drain interface and pipe side air discharge interface of the pre-preheater, the solid particles and salt droplets carried out of the salt cavern gas storage are effectively processed to prevent corrosion of the heat exchanger or air turbine, thereby ensuring the safe operation of the unit.

[0023] (2) The present invention also provides a method for controlling the air quality at the outlet of a gas storage reservoir, which adopts a cascade PID control method, controls the valve opening of the desalted hot water tank, and then controls the flow of desalted water, controls the temperature of the air at the outlet of the preheater, and obtains the required temperature value. This method replaces the traditional manual control process, and realizes precise control of the regulating valve opening by inputting the actual value of the hot water flow rate flowing into the heat exchanger and the sum of the deviation of the hot water flow rate set value flowing into the heat exchanger and the hot water volume output by the main PID controller, so that the regulating valve opening can be accurately adjusted in real time according to the power station working conditions, effectively improving the control efficiency and accuracy.

[0024] (3) The present invention also provides a BP neural network optimization algorithm for PID parameters, which makes the calculation results more accurate and can effectively control the temperature value of the air at the outlet of the preheater. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a preheater used in a method for controlling air quality at an outlet of a compressed air energy storage power station gas storage reservoir of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2It is a schematic diagram of the connection of related devices in a method for controlling air quality at an outlet of a compressed air energy storage power station gas storage reservoir of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a flow chart of the PID control method used in a method for controlling air quality at an outlet of a gas storage reservoir of a compressed air energy storage power station according to the present invention.

[0029] Illustration: Pre-preheater-1, pre-preheater tube side air inlet-2, inlet filter-3, funnel-4, pre-preheater tube side air outlet-5, pre-preheater shell side desalted water inlet-6, pre-preheater shell side desalted water outlet-7, first pressure gauge-8, first thermometer-9, second pressure gauge-10, second thermometer-11, tube side air discharge interface-12, tube side drain interface-13, gas storage reservoir-14, heat exchanger-15, air turbine-16, generator-17, hot water storage tank-18, cold water storage tank-19, regulating valve-20. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] It should be clear that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] like Figure 1 , 2 , 3, Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a preheater used in a method for controlling air quality at an outlet of a compressed air energy storage power station gas storage reservoir of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the connection of related devices in a method for controlling air quality at an outlet of a compressed air energy storage power station gas storage reservoir of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a flow chart of the PID control method used in a method for controlling air quality at an outlet of a gas storage reservoir of a compressed air energy storage power station according to the present invention.

[0034] A method for controlling the air quality at the outlet of a compressed air energy storage power station gas storage reservoir, the control method adopts a pre-preheater 1 to control the air quality at the outlet of a compressed air energy storage power station gas storage reservoir 14, the preheater 1 is arranged vertically, the preheater 1 comprises a shell side and a tube side, the shell side is a desalted water channel, the tube side is a compressed air channel, and the desalted water on the shell side is used to preheat the compressed air on the tube side;

[0035] The desalted water inlet 6 and the desalted water outlet 7 on the shell side are respectively arranged at two ends of the shell side;

[0036] The two ends of the tube side are respectively provided with a tube side air inlet 2 and a tube side air outlet 5, the tube side air inlet 2 is provided with an inlet filter 3 and an inlet funnel 4, the end of the tube side air inlet 2 of the preheater 1 is provided with a tube side drain interface 13, and the end of the tube side air outlet 5 of the preheater is provided with a tube side air discharge interface 12;

[0037] Thermometers and pressure gauges are arranged at intervals on the desalted water channel;

[0038] The compressed air flowing through the preheater is preheated and purified by the preheater 1 .

[0039] Furthermore, the method includes: the gas storage 14 is connected to the preheater tube side air inlet 2, the tube side air outlet 5 is connected to the air side inlet of the heat exchanger 15, the air side outlet of the heat exchanger 15 is connected to the air turbine 16, and the air turbine is coaxial with the generator 17.

[0040] Furthermore, the method includes: the water outlet of the hot water storage tank 18 is connected to the water side inlet of the heat exchanger 15, the water side outlet of the heat exchanger 15 is connected to the desalted water inlet 6 of the preheater, and the desalted water outlet 7 of the preheater is connected to the water inlet of the cold water 19.

[0041] Furthermore, a regulating valve is provided between the water side outlet of the heat exchanger 15 and the demineralized water inlet 6 .

[0042] Furthermore, the method includes: the compressed air in the gas storage reservoir 14 is filtered through the inlet filter 3 of the pipe-side air inlet 2 of the preheater and then enters the preheater 1 for preheating, the impurities obtained by filtration are collected through the funnel 4, the preheated compressed air enters the heat exchanger 15 to continue heat exchange and temperature increase, and the heated compressed air enters the air turbine 16 to perform work, thereby driving the generator 17 to generate electricity.

[0043] Furthermore, the temperature of the preheated compressed air is 50-60°C, and the temperature of the heated compressed air is 160-170°C.

[0044] Furthermore, if Figure 2 , 3 As shown, the method includes: controlling the compressed air to heat up through the heat exchanger 15 to reach a set temperature value, and using a cascade PID control method optimized based on a BP neural network algorithm to control, the cascade PID control method includes a main PID controller and a sub-PID controller.

[0045] Furthermore, the main PID controller is used to control the amount of hot water flowing into the heat exchanger 15, the input of the main PID controller is the deviation between the actual value of the air temperature at the tube side air outlet of the preheater and the set value of the air temperature at the tube side air outlet of the preheater, and the output of the main PID controller is the amount of hot water flowing into the heat exchanger 15.

[0046] Furthermore, the auxiliary PID controller controls the opening of the regulating valve 20, the input of the auxiliary PID controller is the sum of the actual value of the hot water flow rate flowing into the heat exchanger, the deviation of the hot water flow rate set value flowing into the heat exchanger and the hot water volume output by the main PID controller, and the output of the auxiliary PID controller is the opening of the regulating valve 20.

[0047] Furthermore, the proportional coefficient, integral coefficient and differential coefficient of the main PID controller and the sub-PID controller are optimized by a BP neural network optimization algorithm.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figure 3, the air quality control method at the outlet of the gas storage reservoir of the compressed air energy storage power station includes a preheater for the equipment. The preheater 1 includes a tube side and a shell side. The tube side medium is compressed air, the air inlet 2 temperature is about 30-40°C, and the air outlet 5 temperature is about 50-60°C. The shell side medium is demineralized water, the preheater brine inlet 6 temperature is about 60-70°C, and the preheater demineralized water outlet 7 temperature is about 40-50°C. A filter 3 is arranged at the front end of the preheater at the air inlet 5 of the preheater to remove large particles of impurities carried in the air at the outlet of the gas storage reservoir, and a funnel 4 is arranged below the filter screen to receive solid particles on the filter screen. A plurality of thermometers and pressure gauges are arranged on the preheater 1, which are used to monitor the temperature and pressure in the tube side and the shell side, respectively. A tube side drain interface is arranged below the preheater 1, and a tube side air discharge interface is arranged above. The hot water desalination tank 18 and the cold water desalination tank 19 mainly store hot desalted water and cold desalted water, the temperature of the hot desalted water is about 60-70° C., and the temperature of the cold desalted water is about 40-50° C. The filter is made of 2205 duplex stainless steel.

[0050] The air quality control related device at the outlet of the compressed air energy storage power station mainly includes an air storage 14, a preheater 1, a heat exchanger 15, a turbine 16, a generator 17, a hot water storage tank 18, a cold water storage tank 19, and a regulating valve 20. The air storage 14 is connected to the air inlet 2 on the tube side of the preheater 1, the air outlet 5 on the tube side of the preheater is connected to the air side inlet of the heat exchanger 15, the air side outlet of the heat exchanger 15 is connected to the air turbine 16, and the air turbine is coaxial with the generator 17. The shell side inlet 6 of the preheater 1 is connected to the regulating valve 20, the regulating valve 20 is connected to the water side outlet of the heat exchanger 15, the shell side outlet 7 of the preheater is connected to the cold water storage tank 19, and the water side inlet of the heat exchanger 15 is connected to the hot water storage tank 18. The operation process is as follows: the high-pressure air in the gas storage 14 is filtered through the filter screen at the air side inlet of the preheater 1 and then enters the preheater for heat exchange, the heat exchange temperature is 50-60°C, and then enters the heat exchanger 15 to further heat the air to 160-170°C. The air after heat exchange enters the air turbine 16 to do work, driving the generator 17 to generate electricity. The air heat exchange in the preheater 1 is achieved by using the hot water at the water side outlet of the heat exchanger 15, and the water after heat exchange enters the cold water storage tank 19 for storage. The air heat exchange in the heat exchanger 15 is achieved by using the hot water in the hot water storage tank 18, and the water after heat exchange enters the preheater 1.

[0051] like Figure 3 As shown, the air quality control method at the outlet of the compressed air energy storage power station gas storage reservoir 14 is mainly used to control the air temperature of the gas storage reservoir 14 to reach the set value, and adopts a cascade PID control method based on BP neural network algorithm optimization. The cascade PID control includes a main PID controller and a sub-PID controller. The main PID controller is mainly used to control the amount of hot water. The input is the deviation between the actual value of the air temperature at the air side outlet of the preheater 1 and the set value of the air temperature at the air side outlet of the preheater, and the output is the amount of hot water; the input sub-PID controller mainly controls the opening of the regulating valve. The input is the sum of the actual value of the hot water flow rate, the deviation of the hot water flow rate set value and the hot water volume output by the main PID controller, and the output is the opening of the regulating valve, thereby controlling the hot water flow rate. By controlling the amount of hot water flow, the temperature of the air at the outlet of the preheater is controlled. The set value of the air temperature at the air side outlet of the preheater and the set value of the hot water flow are manually set, that is, the target value. The proportional coefficient, integral coefficient and differential coefficient of the main PID controller and the sub-PID controller are optimized by the BP neural network optimization algorithm.

[0052] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling air quality at the outlet of a compressed air energy storage power station gas storage reservoir, characterized in that: The control method adopts a pre-preheater to control the air quality at the outlet of the gas storage reservoir of the compressed air energy storage power station. The preheater is arranged vertically and includes a shell side and a tube side. The shell side is a desalted water channel, and the tube side is a compressed air channel. The desalted water on the shell side is used to preheat the compressed air on the tube side. The desalted water inlet and the desalted water outlet of the shell side are respectively arranged at two ends of the shell side; The two ends of the tube side are respectively provided with a tube side air inlet and a tube side air outlet, the tube side air inlet is provided with an inlet filter and an inlet funnel, the end of the tube side air inlet side of the preheater is provided with a tube side drain interface, and the end of the tube side air outlet side of the preheater is provided with a tube side air discharge interface; Thermometers and pressure gauges are arranged at intervals on the desalted water channel; The compressed air flowing through the preheater is preheated and purified by the preheater.

2. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method comprises: the gas storage is connected to the air inlet of the preheater tube side, the air outlet of the tube side is connected to the air inlet of the heat exchanger, the air outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the air turbine, and the air turbine is coaxial with the generator.

3. The control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method comprises: a water outlet of a hot water storage tank is connected to a water side inlet of the heat exchanger, a water side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to a desalted water inlet of the preheater, and a desalted water outlet of the preheater is connected to a water inlet of a cold water storage tank.

4. The control method according to claim 3, characterized in that: A regulating valve is provided between the water side outlet of the heat exchanger and the demineralized water inlet.

5. The control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method comprises: the compressed air in the gas storage is filtered through an inlet filter screen at the air inlet on the tube side of the preheater and then enters the preheater for preheating; the preheated compressed air enters the heat exchanger for further heat exchange and temperature increase; the heated compressed air enters the air turbine to perform work, thereby driving the generator to generate electricity.

6. The control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The temperature of the preheated compressed air is 50-60°C, and the temperature of the heated compressed air is 160-170°C.

7. The control method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method includes: controlling the compressed air to heat up through a heat exchanger to reach a set temperature value, and using a cascade PID control method based on BP neural network algorithm optimization for control, wherein the cascade PID control method includes a main PID controller and a sub-PID controller.

8. The control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The main PID controller is used to control the amount of hot water flowing into the heat exchanger. The input of the main PID controller is the deviation between the actual value of the air temperature at the tube side air outlet of the preheater and the set value of the air temperature at the tube side air outlet of the preheater. The output of the main PID controller is the amount of hot water flowing into the heat exchanger.

9. The control method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The auxiliary PID controller controls the opening of the regulating valve. The input of the auxiliary PID controller is the sum of the actual value of the hot water flow rate flowing into the heat exchanger, the deviation of the hot water flow rate setting value flowing into the heat exchanger, and the hot water volume output by the main PID controller. The output of the auxiliary PID controller is the opening of the regulating valve.

10. The control method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The proportional coefficient, integral coefficient and differential coefficient of the main PID controller and the auxiliary PID controller are optimized by using a BP neural network optimization algorithm.

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