Breeding method of perennial root flowers

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of flower breeding. The invention provides a perennial root flower breeding method which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a branch of a stock plant, and cutting the branch as a cutting scion; (2) inserting the scions into a seedling substrate; (3) cultivating the inserted scions until rooting to obtain cutting seedlings; and (4) transplanting the cutting seedlings to a field planting field, and performing field planting management. According to the perennial root flower breeding method, a large number of perennial root flower seedlings can be obtained in a short time, and the perennial root flower breeding method is suitable for large-scale industrialized production. Due to the fact that operation is relatively simple, the small flower nursery garden can be popularized and used, and high popularization value is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of flower breeding, and in particular to a breeding method for perennial flowers. Background Art

[0002] Perennial flowers refer to perennial herbaceous plants that can survive for 2 years or more and bloom every year after maturity. In layman's terms, perennial flowers refer to flowers that can "hibernate" and whose above-ground parts can sprout, grow, bloom and set seeds in the spring of the following year. The advantages of this type of flowers are that they are easy to reproduce and manage. They can bloom for many years after being planted for one year, and are very suitable plant materials for urban greening and beautification. The underground part of the plant survives the winter without forming hypertrophic spherical or tuberous roots, and can still sprout and bloom in the next spring and continue for many years. Most of them belong to the cold region ecotype. Traditional perennial flower breeding is mainly based on division propagation, which is generally carried out during the dormant period. However, this breeding method has a large impact on time and environment, and the number of breeding is also limited. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop new breeding methods to meet market demand. Summary of the invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a perennial flower breeding method, which can obtain a large number of perennial flower seedlings in a short time.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present invention provides a method for breeding perennial flowers, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) Select branches from the mother plant and cut them as cuttings;

[0007] (2) inserting the spikelets into the seedling medium;

[0008] (3) cultivating the inserted cuttings until they take root to obtain cutting seedlings;

[0009] (4) Transplant the cuttings to the planting site and carry out planting management.

[0010] Preferably, the types of perennial flowers include chrysanthemum, vitex, peony, iris, sedum truncatum, sunflower or platycodon.

[0011] Preferably, the length of the fringe strips in step (1) is 4 to 10 cm.

[0012] Preferably, the cuttings can be immediately carried out after the cutting in step (1), or the cuttings can be carried out after the cuttings are stored, and the storage time is 2 to 60 days after the cuttings are covered with a mixture of sand and a storage solution.

[0013] The preservation solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 to 4 parts of sodium borate, 1 to 3 parts of calcium chloride, 1 to 3 parts of uniconazole, and 90 to 110 parts of water;

[0014] The saving method is:

[0015] A. Mix the sand with the preservation solution to obtain wet sand with a water content of 45-65%;

[0016] B. Spread a layer of 8-12 cm of wet sand on the bottom and lay the spikelets flat on the surface of the wet sand;

[0017] C. Spread a layer of 3 to 6 cm of wet sand on the flattened spikelets, and continue to spread the spikelets flat on the surface of the wet sand;

[0018] D. Repeat step C and spread a layer of 8-12 cm wet sand on the last layer of fringe strips. During storage, add water every 3-5 days to keep the moisture content of the sand at 45-65%.

[0019] Preferably, the seedling medium in step (2) comprises the following raw materials in proportions by volume: 10-20 parts of sand, 20-30 parts of peat, 10-20 parts of perlite, 4-8 parts of chopped straw, and 3-7 parts of biogas residue.

[0020] Preferably, the cultivation temperature in step (3) is 22-35° C. and the humidity is 80-90%.

[0021] Preferably, during the cultivation process in step (3), foliar fertilizer is sprayed once a week, and the foliar fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.3-2.7 parts of magnesium nitrate, 10-12 parts of biogas slurry, 4-6 parts of chitosan, 1-1.4 parts of ferrous sulfate, and 2.5-3.5 parts of potassium humate. The foliar fertilizer is diluted 400-600 times when spraying.

[0022] Preferably, in step (4), basal fertilizer is applied to the planting site before transplanting, and the basal fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of corn stalks, 20-30 parts of sheep manure, 5-9 parts of urea, 3-5 parts of potassium carbonate, and 1-2 parts of diammonium phosphate. The amount of the basal fertilizer used is 80-140 km / mu.

[0023] Preferably, the temperature during the planting management in step (4) is 26-40° C. and the humidity is 65-90%.

[0024] The present invention provides a perennial flower breeding method, comprising the following steps: (1) selecting branches of a mother plant, cutting and using them as cuttings; (2) inserting the cuttings into a seedling medium; (3) cultivating the inserted cuttings until they take root, thereby obtaining cuttings; (4) transplanting the cuttings to a planting site for planting management. The perennial flower breeding method provided by the present invention can obtain a large number of perennial flower seedlings in a short time, and is suitable for large-scale factory production. Since the operation is relatively simple, small flower nurseries can also be promoted and used, and have a high promotion value. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention provides a method for breeding perennial flowers, comprising the following steps:

[0026] (1) Select branches from the mother plant and cut them as cuttings;

[0027] (2) inserting the spikelets into the seedling medium;

[0028] (3) cultivating the inserted cuttings until they take root to obtain cutting seedlings;

[0029] (4) Transplant the cuttings to the planting site and carry out planting management.

[0030] In the present invention, the types of perennial flowers preferably include chrysanthemum, vitex, peony, iris, sedum truncatum, sunflower or platycodon.

[0031] In the present invention, the length of the fringe in step (1) is preferably 4 to 10 cm, more preferably 6 to 7 cm.

[0032] In the present invention, the cuttings of the spikelets in step (1) can be carried out immediately after cutting, or can be carried out after preservation. When storing, the spikelets are preferably covered with a mixture of sand and a preservation solution for preservation. The storage time is preferably 2 to 60 days, and more preferably 15 to 30 days.

[0033] The storage solution preferably comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of sodium borate, 1-3 parts of calcium chloride, 1-3 parts of uniconazole, and 90-110 parts of water, and more preferably: 3 parts of sodium borate, 2 parts of calcium chloride, 2 parts of uniconazole, and 100 parts of water;

[0034] The storage method is preferably:

[0035] A. Mix the sand with the preservation solution to obtain wet sand with a water content of 45-65%;

[0036] B. Spread a layer of 8-12 cm of wet sand on the bottom and lay the spikelets flat on the surface of the wet sand;

[0037] C. Spread a layer of 3 to 6 cm of wet sand on the flattened spikelets, and continue to spread the spikelets flat on the surface of the wet sand;

[0038] D. Repeat step C and spread a layer of 8-12 cm wet sand on the last layer of fringe strips. During storage, add water every 3-5 days to keep the moisture content of the sand at 45-65%.

[0039] In the present invention, the moisture content of the wet sand in step A is preferably 55%.

[0040] In the present invention, the thickness of the wet sand laid on the bottom in step B is preferably 10 cm.

[0041] In the present invention, the thickness of the wet sand in step C is preferably 4 to 5 cm.

[0042] In the present invention, the thickness of the wet sand spread on the bottom in step D is preferably 10 cm, the water replenishment time is preferably 4 days, and the water content is preferably 55%.

[0043] In the present invention, the seedling matrix in step (2) preferably includes the following raw materials in proportions by volume: 10-20 parts of sand, 20-30 parts of peat, 10-20 parts of perlite, 4-8 parts of chopped straw, and 3-7 parts of biogas residue, and is further preferably: 15 parts of sand, 25 parts of peat, 15 parts of perlite, 6 parts of chopped straw, and 5 parts of biogas residue.

[0044] In the present invention, the temperature of the incubation in step (3) is preferably 22 to 35° C., more preferably 27 to 30° C., and the humidity is preferably 80 to 90%, more preferably 85%.

[0045] In the present invention, during the cultivation process in step (3), foliar fertilizer is preferably sprayed once a week. The foliar fertilizer preferably comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.3-2.7 parts of magnesium nitrate, 10-12 parts of biogas slurry, 4-6 parts of chitosan, 1-1.4 parts of ferrous sulfate, and 2.5-3.5 parts of potassium humate. It is further preferred to comprise: 2.5 parts of magnesium nitrate, 11 parts of biogas slurry, 5 parts of chitosan, 1.2 parts of ferrous sulfate, and 3 parts of potassium humate. The foliar fertilizer is diluted 400-600 times when sprayed, and is further preferably diluted 500 times.

[0046] In the present invention, before transplanting in step (4), basal fertilizer is preferably applied to the planting site, and the basal fertilizer preferably comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of corn stalks, 20-30 parts of sheep manure, 5-9 parts of urea, 3-5 parts of potassium carbonate, and 1-2 parts of diammonium phosphate, and more preferably: 17-18 parts of corn stalks, 25 parts of sheep manure, 7 parts of urea, 4 parts of potassium carbonate, and 1.5 parts of diammonium phosphate. The usage amount of the basal fertilizer is 80-140 km / mu, and more preferably 100-120 km / mu.

[0047] In the present invention, the temperature during the planting management in step (4) is preferably 26 to 40° C., more preferably 32 to 36° C., and the humidity is preferably 65 to 90%, more preferably 75 to 80%.

[0048] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] A method for breeding perennial flowers comprises the following steps:

[0051] (1) Select branches of Vitex quinata and cut branches with a length of 6 cm as cuttings;

[0052] (2) preparing a seedling medium according to the volume ratio of 15 parts of sand, 25 parts of peat, 15 parts of perlite, 6 parts of chopped straw, and 5 parts of biogas residue, and inserting the spikelets into the seedling medium;

[0053] (3) Cultivating the inserted cuttings at 25° C. and 85% humidity, spraying foliar fertilizer once a week during the cultivation process until roots take shape to obtain cutting seedlings;

[0054] (4) Prepare basal fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 17 parts corn straw, 25 parts sheep manure, 7 parts urea, 4 parts potassium carbonate, and 1.5 parts diammonium phosphate, apply basal fertilizer to the planting site at a standard of 110 km / mu, then transplant the cuttings to the planting site and carry out planting management. During the planting management process, maintain the temperature at 29°C and the humidity at 80%.

[0055] Note: The foliar fertilizer includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.5 parts of magnesium nitrate, 11 parts of biogas slurry, 5 parts of chitosan, 1.2 parts of ferrous sulfate, and 35 parts of potassium humate. The foliar fertilizer is diluted 500 times when sprayed.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] A method for breeding perennial flowers comprises the following steps:

[0058] (1) Select branches of Platycodon grandiflorum and cut branches with a length of 8 cm as cuttings;

[0059] (2) preparing a seedling medium according to the volume ratio of 20 parts of sand, 20 parts of peat, 20 parts of perlite, 4 parts of chopped straw, and 3 parts of biogas residue, and inserting the spikelets into the seedling medium;

[0060] (3) Cultivating the inserted cuttings at 35° C. and 90% humidity, spraying foliar fertilizer once a week during the cultivation process until roots take shape to obtain cutting seedlings;

[0061] (4) Prepare basal fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 15 parts of corn straw, 30 parts of sheep manure, 9 parts of urea, 3 parts of potassium carbonate, and 2 parts of diammonium phosphate, apply basal fertilizer to the planting site according to the standard of 140 km / mu, then transplant the cuttings to the planting site and carry out planting management. During the planting management process, maintain the temperature at 26°C and the humidity at 90%.

[0062] Note: The foliar fertilizer includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.3 parts of magnesium nitrate, 10 parts of biogas slurry, 6 parts of chitosan, 1 part of ferrous sulfate, and 3.5 parts of potassium humate. The foliar fertilizer is diluted 400 times when sprayed.

[0063] Example 3

[0064] A method for breeding perennial flowers comprises the following steps:

[0065] (1) Select chrysanthemum branches and cut branches with a length of 7 cm as cuttings;

[0066] (2) preparing a preservation solution according to the mass ratio of 3 parts sodium borate, 2 parts calcium chloride, 2 parts uniconazole, and 100 parts water, and mixing the sand with the preservation solution to obtain wet sand with a water content of 55%;

[0067] (3) Spread a 10 cm layer of wet sand on the bottom and lay the fringe strips flat on the surface of the wet sand;

[0068] (4) Spread a 5 cm layer of wet sand on the flat fringe strips, and continue to lay the fringe strips flat on the surface of the wet sand;

[0069] (5) Repeat step (4) and spread a 10 cm layer of wet sand on the last layer of fringe strips. During storage, add water every 4 days to keep the water content of the sand at 55%. Store the fringe strips for 40 days;

[0070] (6) preparing a seedling medium according to the volume ratio of 15 parts of sand, 25 parts of peat, 15 parts of perlite, 6 parts of chopped straw, and 5 parts of biogas residue, and inserting the spikelets into the seedling medium;

[0071] (7) Cultivating the inserted cuttings at 30° C. and 85% humidity, spraying foliar fertilizer once a week during the cultivation process until roots take shape to obtain cutting seedlings;

[0072] (8) Prepare basal fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 17 parts corn straw, 25 parts sheep manure, 7 parts urea, 4 parts potassium carbonate, and 1.5 parts diammonium phosphate, apply basal fertilizer to the planting site at the standard of 100 km / mu, then transplant the cuttings to the planting site and carry out planting management. During the planting management process, maintain the temperature at 35°C and the humidity at 80%.

[0073] Note: The foliar fertilizer includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.5 parts of magnesium nitrate, 1 part of biogas slurry, 5 parts of chitosan, 1.3 parts of ferrous sulfate, and 3 parts of potassium humate. The foliar fertilizer is diluted 500 times when sprayed.

[0074] Example 4

[0075] A method for breeding perennial flowers comprises the following steps:

[0076] (1) Select iris branches and cut branches with a length of 4 cm as cuttings;

[0077] (2) preparing a preservation solution according to the mass ratio of 4 parts sodium borate, 1 part calcium chloride, 3 parts uniconazole, and 90 parts water, and mixing the sand with the preservation solution to obtain wet sand with a water content of 65%;

[0078] (3) Spread a layer of 8 cm of wet sand on the bottom and lay the fringe strips flat on the surface of the wet sand;

[0079] (4) Spread a 6 cm layer of wet sand on the flat fringe strips, and continue to lay the fringe strips flat on the surface of the wet sand;

[0080] (5) Repeat step (4) and spread a layer of 8 cm wet sand on the last layer of fringe strips. During the storage process, add water every 3 days to keep the water content of the sand at 65%. Store the fringe strips for 7 days;

[0081] (6) preparing a seedling medium according to the volume ratio of 10 parts of sand, 30 parts of peat, 10 parts of perlite, 4 parts of chopped straw, and 7 parts of biogas residue, and inserting the spikelets into the seedling medium;

[0082] (7) Cultivating the inserted cuttings at 22° C. and 90% humidity, spraying foliar fertilizer once a week during the cultivation process until roots take shape to obtain cutting seedlings;

[0083] (8) Prepare basal fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 15 parts of corn straw, 30 parts of sheep manure, 9 parts of urea, 3 parts of potassium carbonate, and 2 parts of diammonium phosphate, apply basal fertilizer to the planting site at a standard of 80 km / mu, then transplant the cuttings to the planting site and carry out planting management. During the planting management process, maintain the temperature at 40°C and the humidity at 65%.

[0084] Note: The foliar fertilizer includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.7 parts of magnesium nitrate, 10 parts of biogas slurry, 4 parts of chitosan, 1.4 parts of ferrous sulfate, and 2.5 parts of potassium humate. The foliar fertilizer is diluted 600 times when sprayed.

[0085] Example 5

[0086] A method for breeding perennial flowers comprises the following steps:

[0087] (1) Select branches of Sedum truncatum and cut branches with a length of 10 cm as cuttings;

[0088] (2) preparing a preservation solution according to the mass ratio of 2 parts sodium borate, 3 parts calcium chloride, 1 part uniconazole, and 110 parts water, and mixing the sand with the preservation solution to obtain wet sand with a water content of 45%;

[0089] (3) Spread a 12 cm layer of wet sand on the bottom and lay the spikelets flat on the surface of the wet sand;

[0090] (4) Spread a 3 cm layer of wet sand on the flat fringe strips, and continue to lay the fringe strips flat on the surface of the wet sand;

[0091] (5) Repeat step (4) and spread a 12 cm layer of wet sand on the last layer of fringe strips. During storage, add water every 5 days to keep the water content of the sand at 45%. Store the fringe strips for 60 days;

[0092] (6) preparing a seedling medium according to the volume ratio of 20 parts of sand, 20 parts of peat, 20 parts of perlite, 8 parts of chopped straw, and 3 parts of biogas residue, and inserting the spikelets into the seedling medium;

[0093] (7) Cultivating the inserted cuttings at 35° C. and 80% humidity, spraying foliar fertilizer once a week during the cultivation process until roots take shape to obtain cutting seedlings;

[0094] (8) Prepare basal fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 20 parts of corn straw, 20 parts of sheep manure, 5 parts of urea, 5 parts of potassium carbonate, and 1 part of diammonium phosphate, and apply basal fertilizer to the planting site at a standard of 140 km / mu. Then transplant the cuttings to the planting site and carry out planting management. During the planting management process, maintain the temperature at 26°C and the humidity at 90%.

[0095] Note: The foliar fertilizer includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.3 parts of magnesium nitrate, 12 parts of biogas slurry, 6 parts of chitosan, 1 part of ferrous sulfate, and 3.5 parts of potassium humate. The foliar fertilizer is diluted 400 times when sprayed.

[0096] Test example

[0097] According to the methods of Examples 1 to 5, cutting tests were carried out respectively. 300 cuttings were selected from each group. After the cuttings were completed, planting management was carried out and the survival rate was calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0098] Table 1

[0099] Group Survival rate (%) Example 1 95.67 Example 2 93.67 Example 3 91.33 Example 4 93.00 Example 5 89.67

[0100] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a method for breeding perennial flowers, comprising the following steps: (1) selecting branches of a mother plant, cutting and using them as cuttings; (2) inserting the cuttings into a seedling medium; (3) cultivating the inserted cuttings until they take root to obtain cuttings; (4) transplanting the cuttings to a planting site for planting management. The perennial flower breeding method provided by the present invention can obtain a large number of perennial flower seedlings in a short time, and is suitable for large-scale factory production. Since the operation is relatively simple, it can also be promoted and used in small flower nurseries, and has a high promotion value.

[0101] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for breeding perennial flowers, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Select branches from the mother plant and cut them as cuttings; (2) inserting the spikelets into the seedling medium; (3) cultivating the inserted cuttings until they take root to obtain cutting seedlings; (4) Transplant the cuttings to the planting site and carry out planting management.

2. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The types of perennial flowers include chrysanthemum, vitex, peony, iris, sedum truncatum, sunflower or platycodon.

3. The breeding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The length of the spike in step (1) is 4 to 10 cm.

4. The breeding method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cuttings in step (1) can be cut immediately after cutting, or can be cut after preservation, and the cuttings are covered with a mixture of sand and preservation solution for preservation, and the preservation time is 2 to 60 days; The preservation solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 to 4 parts of sodium borate, 1 to 3 parts of calcium chloride, 1 to 3 parts of uniconazole, and 90 to 110 parts of water; The saving method is: A. Mix the sand with the preservation solution to obtain wet sand with a water content of 45-65%; B. Spread a layer of 8-12 cm of wet sand on the bottom and lay the fringe strips flat on the surface of the wet sand; C. Spread a layer of 3 to 6 cm of wet sand on the flattened spikelets, and continue to spread the spikelets flat on the surface of the wet sand; D. Repeat step C and spread a layer of 8-12 cm wet sand on the last layer of spikelets. During storage, add water every 3-5 days to keep the moisture content of the sand at 45-65%.

5. The breeding method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The seedling medium in step (2) comprises the following raw materials in proportions by volume: 10-20 parts of sand, 20-30 parts of peat, 10-20 parts of perlite, 4-8 parts of chopped straw, and 3-7 parts of biogas residue.

6. The breeding method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cultivation temperature in step (3) is 22-35° C. and the humidity is 80-90%.

7. The breeding method according to claim 6, characterized in that: During the cultivation process described in step (3), foliar fertilizer is sprayed once a week, and the foliar fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.3-2.7 parts of magnesium nitrate, 10-12 parts of biogas slurry, 4-6 parts of chitosan, 1-1.4 parts of ferrous sulfate, and 2.5-3.5 parts of potassium humate. The foliar fertilizer is diluted 400-600 times when spraying.

8. The breeding method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step (4), basal fertilizer is applied to the planting site before transplanting. The basal fertilizer includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 to 20 parts of corn stalks, 20 to 30 parts of sheep manure, 5 to 9 parts of urea, 3 to 5 parts of potassium carbonate, and 1 to 2 parts of diammonium phosphate. The amount of the basal fertilizer used is 80 to 140 km / mu.

9. The breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The temperature during the planting management in step (4) is 26-40° C. and the humidity is 65-90%.