Near-natural strip planting method for sowing and preventing wind in natural grassland in rainy season

Abstract

The invention discloses a near-natural strip planting method for sowing windproof in natural grassland in rainy seasons, and relates to a sowing windproof method. The invention aims to solve the technical problem of low yield of wild divaricate saposhnikovia root resources at present. Natural grassland sowing in the rainy season is carried out through seed pretreatment and characteristics of germination requirements of the seeds, and shading is carried out through original plants at a certain height, so that on one hand, water loss and difficult germination caused by solarization of the plant seeds after sowing are avoided; on the other hand, the plant community can reduce soil moisture evaporation, the duration of soil wetting after raining is effectively kept, the requirement for moisture in the seed germination stage is improved, seed germination is promoted, and the field planting rate of wind resistance is increased; meanwhile, sowing in rainy seasons can reduce the number of manual irrigation times after sowing, and the labor cost investment is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for sowing windbreaks. Background Art

[0002] Due to natural climate factors and excessive human interference with grasslands, the problem of natural grassland degradation has intensified year by year, plant resources have been severely damaged, grassland productivity and high-quality forage and medicinal plant resources are in short supply, which has seriously affected the grassland ecological barrier and regional economic development. Songnen Grassland is located in an important agricultural and pastoral transition zone in my country. Its grassland degradation has seriously affected the sustainable use of grassland and restricted the development of my country's animal husbandry.

[0003] Saposhnikovia divaricata Schischk. is a plant of the Umbelliferae family. It is a perennial plant with both feeding and medicinal value. It is pungent and sweet in taste and warm in nature. The above-ground part of Saposhnikovia can be used as forage, and the underground roots have the effects of dispelling wind and dampness, relieving pain, etc. Saposhnikovia is not strict with soil requirements, and is mainly produced in Northeast my country and the eastern region of Inner Mongolia. Saposhnikovia is not only one of the commonly used bulk medicinal materials in the market, but also a plant with good wind-proof and sand-fixing effects. It can be used as a good variety for developing characteristic economy and ecological barrier construction. The yield of wild resources of Saposhnikovia is low, resulting in serious damage to my country's wild Saposhnikovia resources. With the increase in the demand for Saposhnikovia in the market, it is far from meeting the demand under the current situation of scarcity of wild resources. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an artificial planting technology for improving the yield of Saposhnikovia to alleviate the problem of its shortage of resources. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention aims to solve the technical problem of low yield of wild windbreak resources and provide a near-natural strip planting method for sowing windbreaks on natural grasslands in rainy seasons.

[0005] The near-natural strip planting method for sowing windproof natural grassland in rainy season of the present invention is carried out according to the following steps:

[0006] 1. Select a large area of ​​contiguous degraded natural grassland that can be operated mechanically, and the plant height of the existing plant community on the degraded natural grassland is 15cm to 20cm;

[0007] 2. Select high-quality windproof seeds from the previous year as the planting source material, and soak them in warm water at 32℃~37℃ for 20h~24h to facilitate seed germination;

[0008] 3. At the beginning of the rainy season of the year, conventional agricultural mechanized strip planting is carried out on the degraded grassland selected in step 1. The windbreak seeds soaked in step 2 are sown along the natural terrain or existing vegetation belts to form multiple natural windbreak growth belts;

[0009] 4. Apply compound fertilizer or urea as base fertilizer on the surface after sowing;

[0010] 5. When the windbreak grows to 10cm-15cm in height, apply urea once before rain;

[0011] 6. Start growing naturally;

[0012] 7. Carry out routine grassland mowing at the end of the first year's growing season;

[0013] 8. Conduct a greening survey at the beginning of the second year;

[0014] ① If the greening rate reaches 60% to 80%, it will be allowed to grow naturally;

[0015] ② If the greening rate is lower than 60%, repeat steps 2 to 8 to replant;

[0016] 9. In the third year, during the regular windbreak harvesting season, choose sunny weather to harvest, remove impurities and soil, then sun-dry or bake, and finally store.

[0017] Features of the present invention:

[0018] The present invention sows seeds in natural grasslands in the rainy season by pre-treating seeds and the characteristics of their germination requirements, and uses existing plants at a certain height to provide shading, thereby preventing plant seeds from being exposed to the sun after sowing, causing water loss and difficulty in germination; on the other hand, when the plant community reaches 15 cm to 20 cm, it can reduce soil moisture evaporation, effectively maintain the duration of soil moisture after rain, increase the demand for water in the seed germination stage, and promote seed germination and windproof planting rate; at the same time, sowing in the rainy season can reduce the number of times of manual irrigation after sowing, and reduce labor cost investment.

[0019] The method of the present invention can be widely applied to degraded grasslands in the north. On the one hand, after successful windbreak construction, the productivity and community coverage of degraded grassland vegetation can be effectively improved, playing a role in windbreak and sand fixation; on the other hand, the effect of increasing agricultural economic income can be achieved through long-term harvesting, taking into account both ecological barrier restoration and agricultural economic benefits.

[0020] Advantages of the present invention:

[0021] 1. After pre-treatment, the windbreak seeds are sown in the rainy season. The accumulated temperature and sufficient rainwater ensure the germination and growth of the seeds. In addition, the plants provide shade, which can avoid the adverse effects of excessive environmental and ground temperatures on seed germination and seedling growth. This near-natural strip sowing method for sowing windbreaks in the rainy season is an efficient and environmentally friendly planting technology that can provide a suitable environment and conditions for the growth of windbreaks and improve the yield and quality of windbreaks.

[0022] 2. The present invention can effectively alleviate the demand of plants for water, achieve the purpose of water conservation and efficient utilization, and enable plants to meet the basic conditions for wintering after growth in summer and autumn, thereby ensuring the survival rate of plants during wintering; the present invention does not carry out any subsequent human interference except sowing and fertilizing, and simulates the field environment, which is of great benefit for further alleviating the shortage of windbreak resources in the field, and can increase grass production at the end of the growing season, promote the development of regional animal husbandry, and improve the quality of the regional ecological environment;

[0023] 3. The present invention has low technical requirements and can be operated by conventional agricultural machinery. It takes advantage of the characteristics of the rainy season in the north to avoid the reduction in yield caused by spring drought after spring sowing on seed germination and growth, saving time and labor. At the same time, the operation is highly reproducible, the technical cost is low, and it is easy to promote. The present invention greatly improves the effective utilization rate of natural grassland;

[0024] 4. The economic effect is significant. The rhizome of Saposhnikovia divaricata can be harvested about 120 kg per mu, with an income of about 7,200 yuan per mu. With the increase of planting years, the yield per mu will increase significantly. The above-ground part can be harvested for grass, and the underground part can be harvested as medicinal materials, which greatly increases the income compared with conventional grassland forage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is a photo of the windbreak in Experiment 1 in the second year;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a photo of the windbreak in the control trial in the second year;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a data chart showing the effects of experiment 1 and the control experiment on the emergence rate and greening rate of windproof. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Specific implementation method 1: This implementation method is a near-natural strip planting method for sowing windbreak on natural grassland in rainy season, which is specifically carried out in the following steps:

[0029] 1. Select degraded natural grassland, where the plant height of existing plant communities is 15cm to 20cm;

[0030] 2. Select high-quality windproof seeds from the previous year as the planting source material, and soak them in warm water at 32℃~37℃ for 20h~24h to facilitate seed germination;

[0031] 3. At the beginning of the rainy season of the year, conventional agricultural mechanized strip planting is carried out on the degraded grassland selected in step 1. The windbreak seeds soaked in step 2 are sown along the natural terrain or existing vegetation belts to form multiple natural windbreak growth belts;

[0032] 4. Apply compound fertilizer or urea as base fertilizer on the surface after sowing;

[0033] 5. When the windbreak grows to 10cm-15cm in height, apply urea once before rain;

[0034] 6. Start growing naturally;

[0035] 7. Carry out routine grassland mowing at the end of the first year's growing season;

[0036] 8. Conduct a greening survey at the beginning of the second year;

[0037] ① If the greening rate reaches 60% to 80%, it will be allowed to grow naturally;

[0038] ② If the greening rate is lower than 60%, repeat steps 2 to 8 to replant;

[0039] 9. In the third year, during the regular windbreak harvesting season, choose sunny weather to harvest, remove impurities and soil, then sun-dry or bake, and finally store.

[0040] Specific implementation method 2: This implementation method is different from specific implementation method 1 in that the high-quality windproof seeds described in step 2 are seeds with a germination rate of more than 70%, a purity of more than 85% and no diseases or insect pests. The rest is the same as specific implementation method 1.

[0041] Specific implementation method 3: This implementation method is different from specific implementation method 1 or 2 in that: in step 2, the seeds are soaked in warm water at 35° C. for 24 hours to facilitate seed germination. The rest is the same as specific implementation method 1 or 2.

[0042] Specific implementation method 4: This implementation method is different from specific implementation methods 1 to 3 in that the row spacing of the growth belt in step 3 is 30 cm to 35 cm to ensure that the windbreak plants have enough growth space. The rest is the same as specific implementation methods 1 to 3.

[0043] Specific implementation method 5: This implementation method is different from specific implementation method 4 in that: when the degraded natural grassland in step 1 is a slightly degraded saline-alkali grassland, the sowing amount of windbreak seeds in step 3 is 37±3kg / ha;

[0044] When the degraded natural grassland in step 1 is a moderately or severely degraded saline-alkali grassland, the sowing amount of windbreak seeds in step 3 is 68 kg / ha to 80 kg / ha, and organic fertilizer is additionally added while applying the base fertilizer in step 4. The rest is the same as the specific implementation mode 4.

[0045] Specific implementation method 6: This implementation method is different from specific implementation method 5 in that in step 3, after sowing, no soil is covered or the thickness of the soil is less than 2 cm. Other aspects are the same as specific implementation method 5.

[0046] The present invention is verified by the following tests:

[0047] Experiment 1: This experiment is a near-natural strip planting method for sowing natural grassland to protect against wind in the rainy season. The test period is from 2023 to 2024, and is specifically carried out in the following steps:

[0048] 1. In 2023, degraded natural grassland (natural grassland in Taobei District, Baicheng City, Jilin Province) was selected, and the plant height of the existing plant community on the degraded natural grassland was 15cm to 20cm;

[0049] 2. Select high-quality fangfeng seeds from the previous year as the planting source material, and soak them in warm water at 35°C for 24 hours to facilitate seed germination; the high-quality fangfeng seeds are seeds with a germination rate of more than 70%, a purity of more than 85% and no diseases or insect pests;

[0050] 3. At the beginning of the rainy season (early July 2023), conventional agricultural mechanized strip planting of the windbreak seeds soaked in step 2 is carried out on the degraded grassland selected in step 1, and strip planting is carried out along the natural terrain to form multiple natural windbreak growth belts. The strip planting width is 65 cm, the seed row spacing is 30 cm, and the sowing rate is 37 kg / ha;

[0051] 4. Apply compound fertilizer on the surface as base fertilizer after sowing;

[0052] 5. When the windbreak grows to 10cm-15cm in height, apply urea once before rain;

[0053] 6. Start growing naturally;

[0054] 7. Carry out routine grassland mowing at the end of the first year's growing season;

[0055] 8. Conduct a greening survey at the beginning of the second year, and if the greening rate reaches 84%, proceed with natural growth;

[0056] 9. In the third year, during the regular windbreak harvesting season, choose sunny weather to harvest, remove impurities and soil, then sun-dry or bake, and finally store.

[0057] Control experiment: The same grassland as in Experiment 1 was selected and mechanical seeding was performed after the grassland turned green in late April 2023. Other conditions were the same as in Experiment 1.

[0058] Figure 1 This is a photo of the windbreak in the second year of the experiment (taken in July 2024). Figure 2 This is a photo of the windbreak in the second year of the control experiment (taken in July 2024). From the above photos, it can be seen that the windbreak planted using the near-natural strip planting method of sowing windbreaks in natural grassland in the rainy season in Experiment 1 has good planting and growth conditions, but in the control experiment ( Figure 2) The number of germination and growth of windproof seeds were poor.

[0059] Statistical analysis of the experiment was performed in Figure 3 As shown in Table 1, CK in the horizontal axis is the control experiment, and the rainy season strip is experiment 1. The results show that the emergence rate and the next year's greening rate of windbreaks sown in the rainy season strips in experiment 1 reached 78% and 84%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control experiment. As shown in Table 1, the plant traits and yield of windbreaks sown in the rainy season strips in experiment 1 were significantly higher than those in the control experiment in the second year. The average plant height of the windbreaks sown in the rainy season strips method was 53.8±6.3cm, and that in the control experiment was 33.4±7.8cm. The root length and root base width were increased by 42.71% and 166.67% respectively compared with the control experiment. The average aboveground biomass of windbreaks planted in the rainy season strips method in experiment 1 was 20.61±3.78g / plant, and the underground biomass was 13.79±1.47g / plant, which increased by 35.24% and 35.45% respectively compared with the control experiment.

[0060] In summary, the method of the present invention has a significant effect on sowing windproof, and improves the emergence rate, greening rate (i.e., winter survival rate), growth traits and yield of windproof.

[0061] Table 1 Effects of different treatments on plant traits and yield of Saposhnikovia divaricata in the second year

[0062]

[0063] Note: * indicates significant differences among different treatments, P < 0.05.

Claims

1. A near-natural strip planting method for sowing natural grassland in rainy season to prevent wind, characterized in that The near-natural strip planting method for natural grassland sowing and windbreak in the rainy season is carried out in the following steps:

1. Select degraded natural grassland, where the plant height of existing plant communities is 15cm to 20cm; 2. Select high-quality windproof seeds from the previous year as the planting source material, and soak them in warm water at 32℃~37℃ for 20h~24h to facilitate seed germination; 3. At the beginning of the rainy season of the year, conventional agricultural mechanized strip planting is carried out on the degraded grassland selected in step 1. The windbreak seeds soaked in step 2 are sown along the natural terrain or existing vegetation belts to form multiple natural windbreak growth belts; 4. Apply compound fertilizer or urea as base fertilizer on the surface after sowing; 5. When the windbreak grows to 10cm-15cm in height, apply urea once before rain; 6. Start growing naturally; 7. Carry out routine grassland mowing at the end of the first year's growing season; 8. Conduct a green survey at the beginning of the second year; ① If the greening rate reaches 60% to 80%, it will be allowed to grow naturally; ② If the greening rate is lower than 60%, repeat steps 2 to 8 to replant; 9. In the third year, during the regular windbreak harvesting season, choose sunny weather to harvest, remove impurities and soil, then sun-dry or bake, and finally store.

2. The near-natural strip planting method for sowing and windproofing natural grassland in rainy season according to claim 1 is characterized in that The high-quality windproof seeds described in step 2 are seeds with a germination rate of more than 70%, a purity of more than 85% and no diseases or insect pests.

3. The near-natural strip planting method for sowing and windproofing natural grassland in rainy season according to claim 1 is characterized in that In step 2, soak the seeds in warm water at 35°C for 24 hours to facilitate seed germination.

4. The near-natural strip planting method for sowing and windproofing natural grassland in rainy season according to claim 1 is characterized in that In step three, the row spacing of the growth belt is 30cm to 35cm to ensure that the windbreak plants have enough growth space.

5. The near-natural strip planting method for sowing and windproofing natural grassland in rainy season according to claim 1, characterized in that When the degraded natural grassland in step 1 is slightly degraded saline-alkali grassland, the sowing rate of windbreak seeds in step 3 is 37±3kg / ha; When the degraded natural grassland in step one is moderately to severely degraded saline-alkali grassland, the sowing amount of windbreak seeds in step three is 68kg / ha to 80kg / ha, and in step four, additional organic fertilizer is added while applying the base fertilizer.

6. The near-natural strip planting method for sowing and windproofing natural grassland in rainy season according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 3, after sowing, no soil is covered or the thickness of the soil is less than 2 cm.

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