Ginseng cultivation method for improving ginseng polysaccharide

Abstract

The invention discloses a ginseng cultivation method capable of increasing ginseng polysaccharide, and relates to the field of agriculture, a compound microbial preparation is used in multiple aspects through fertilizer mixing, seed dressing, immersion planting, root irrigation and foliage spraying, soil can be improved, fertility can be enhanced, soil-borne disease ginseng red skin disease (water rust disease) can be prevented, soil hardening, rooting and seedling strengthening can be prevented, and the survival rate of ginseng seedlings can be increased. Growth of ginseng roots is promoted, release of soil nutrients is accelerated, and the soil nutrient absorption capacity of the roots is improved. The ginseng root system is developed, photosynthesis is enhanced, stems are strong and leaves are green, root weight is increased, the ginseng grows robustly, the yield is increased, the storage amount of dry matter of the ginseng is increased, the freeze injury resistance of the ginseng is improved, the harvesting time of the ice and snow ginseng is prolonged, synthesis of effective matter of the ginseng is promoted, the polysaccharide content of the ginseng is increased, and the ginseng quality is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of agriculture, and in particular to a ginseng cultivation method for increasing ginseng polysaccharides. Background Art

[0002] Snow ginseng, also known as ginseng, is a perennial root-negative herbaceous dicotyledonous plant belonging to the Araliaceae family in botany. The root of snow ginseng is named after its human-like shape, and is commonly known as a mallet because of its spindle-like shape. Snow ginseng is a higher plant with roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. It is known as the king of herbs and has the effects of nourishing qi and blood, benefiting the lungs and spleen, nourishing yin and strengthening yang, anti-virus, anti-aging and prolonging life. Snow ginseng is suitable for growing in the southeastern part of Changbai Mountain, that is, in the area of ​​40-48℃ north latitude and 117-137℃ east longitude, with an annual average temperature above 4℃, an annual accumulated temperature of 1900-2800℃, an average temperature in January of minus 18℃, an average temperature from July to August of 20-21℃, an annual rainfall of 800-1000mm (400mm precipitation from July to August), a frost-free period of 120-140 days, and an annual sunshine of 2387h. It is nurtured by fertile soil, moisturized by mountain snow and rain, and absorbs the essence of the sun and the moon.

[0003] The cultivation method of ice and snow ginseng currently used is as follows:

[0004] 1. Soil: Choose soil with an organic matter content of more than 3%, slightly acidic soil (pH 5.5-6.5) with a good aggregate structure and a relatively comprehensive mineral content.

[0005] 2. Terrain: Generally, hills, plains, and mountains should have a slope of no more than 15 degrees. All slope directions can be used, with east, south, and north being the most preferred.

[0006] 3. Surrounding environment: Choose a plot of land with no pollution sources around, convenient transportation, close to water sources, and easy for mechanized, intensive and standardized management of production.

[0007] 4. Land preparation: Generally, the soil should be turned over and loosened between the end of April and the middle of May, with a turning depth of 30 to 35 cm. When turning over the soil, well-rotted organic fertilizer should be applied to the soil as base fertilizer, and the transplanting site should be made into ridges with a height of 25 cm and a width of 1.2 to 1.5 meters.

[0008] 5. Transplantation: For spring planting, ginseng can be transplanted in mid-to-late April when the soil thaws. For autumn planting, ginseng can be transplanted in mid-to-late October when the aboveground part of the ginseng withers.

[0009] 6. Planting density: 20cm spacing for 2-year-old seedlings. 70 first-grade seedlings, 80 second-grade seedlings, and 90 third-grade seedlings per square meter.

[0010] 7. Notes: When transplanting, first dig up the ginseng seeds, preferably in the morning, and try to avoid sunlight. After digging up the ginseng seeds, divide them into first, second, and third grade ginseng seeds (first, second, and third grade) according to their size and quality. Discard the diseased and head-turned ginseng seeds. Plant them as soon as you dig them up. Ginseng seeds that cannot be planted on the same day should be placed in a cool place and used for planting the next day.

[0011] The prior art has the following defects:

[0012] 1. Due to the traditional ginseng cultivation method, the annual growth period of ginseng is relatively short (the aboveground part of ginseng withers in mid-to-late September and the growth ends), the water content of ginseng is relatively high, and the dry matter (ginseng dry matter mainly includes ginsenosides, ginseng polysaccharides, ginseng proteins, minerals, amino acids, organic acid esters, vitamins, sterols and their glycosides) storage is insufficient. Ginseng is prone to frost damage. In the second year, the ginseng emergence rate is low and the seedling drop rate is high, which seriously affects the development of ginseng planting industry.

[0013] 2. Ginseng is harvested in mid-to-late September. Due to the short growth period and insufficient dry matter storage, the effective substance content of ginseng is insufficient to a certain extent. For example, the polysaccharide content is only 12% to 13%, which affects the quality of ginseng. Summary of the invention

[0014] Aiming at the problems of short growth period and low ginseng polysaccharide content in existing ginseng cultivation technology, the present invention provides a ginseng cultivation method for increasing ginseng polysaccharide.

[0015] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0016] The ginseng cultivation method for increasing ginseng polysaccharide provided by the invention comprises the steps of fertilizer mixing, seed mixing, planting immersion, root irrigation and foliar spraying, wherein the steps all adopt a composite microbial preparation, wherein the composite microbial preparation is prepared by liquid culture and fermentation of Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces exiguus to form a liquid preparation, wherein the use ratio of Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces exiguus is 3:(1-2), and the total amount of live bacteria of Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces exiguus reaches 260 million / ml.

[0017] Furthermore, the fertilizer mixing step includes: when preparing the land, adding the composite microbial preparation into water at a mass ratio of 1:50, and then mixing it with well-decomposed organic fertilizer and evenly applying it to the soil as base fertilizer, the well-decomposed organic fertilizer includes fermented soybean meal fertilizer and fermented pig manure, the ratio of fermented soybean meal fertilizer to fermented pig manure is 1:10, and the ratio of the composite microbial preparation to fermented soybean meal fertilizer is 3:100.

[0018] Furthermore, the seed dressing step includes: when sowing, 0.02 kg of the compound microbial preparation is used per mu of land, 3-4 kg of the seeds are mixed, and the seeds are sown after drying in the shade, so that the seedlings are even, strong, and have strong roots.

[0019] Furthermore, the soaking and planting step includes: when planting ginseng, select high-quality ginseng and soak it in 50 times the solution of the compound microbial preparation for half an hour, then take it out and transplant it, and use 1 kg of the compound microbial preparation for one acre of land.

[0020] Furthermore, the standard for high-quality ginseng planting is: select 4-year-old first-class ginseng plants, discard diseased and turned ginseng plants, and plant them as soon as they are dug up, with a plant spacing of 10 cm and a row spacing of 23 cm; add the composite microbial preparation into water at a mass ratio of 1:50, spray the ginseng bed, maintain the soil moisture of the ginseng bed at 40% to 45%, apply 66.67 ml of the composite microbial preparation per square meter of the ginseng bed, and balance the soil pH to 5.5 to 6.5.

[0021] Furthermore, the root irrigation step includes: during the ginseng growth period, 26 kg of the compound microbial preparation is mixed with an appropriate amount of water for root irrigation per mu of land, and the root irrigation is carried out once in late April and late June in spring. When the soil moisture is lower than 30%, 400-500 kg of water is added, when the soil moisture is between 30% and 45%, 200-400 kg of water is added, and when the soil moisture is above 45%, 200 kg of water is added.

[0022] Furthermore, the foliar spraying step includes: spraying once with a 100-150 times diluted compound microbial preparation in the middle leafing stage, the middle flowering stage, and the green fruit stage during the ginseng growth period, and using 1 kg of compound microbial preparation per mu of land.

[0023] Furthermore, the above-mentioned ginseng cultivation method for improving ginseng polysaccharides also includes the step of maintaining a balanced ground temperature of the ginseng field, specifically: sawdust, rice husks, and a composite microbial preparation are mixed and evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 9:9:2 as a covering material, and covered on the ginseng bed with a thickness of 50 cm in mid-to-late September, and sealed with plastic film to maintain a balanced ground temperature.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the technical effects of the present invention are:

[0025] The ginseng cultivation method for improving ginseng polysaccharide proposed by the present invention can improve soil, enhance fertility, prevent soil-borne diseases such as ginseng red skin disease (water rust), prevent soil compaction, promote root growth, improve the survival rate of ginseng seedlings, promote the growth of ginseng root system, accelerate the release of soil nutrients, and improve the root system's absorption capacity of soil nutrients. The ginseng root system is well-developed, photosynthesis is enhanced, the stem is strong and the leaves are green, the root weight is increased, the growth is strong, the yield is increased, the storage of ginseng dry matter is increased, the ability of ginseng to resist frost damage is improved, the harvest period of ice and snow ginseng is extended, the synthesis of ginseng effective substances is promoted, the content of ginseng polysaccharides is increased, and the quality of ginseng is improved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] The experimental methods in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0028] Used test material in the following examples, if no special instructions, is purchased from conventional biochemical reagent stores. The composite microbial preparation that the embodiment of the present invention adopts is prepared with reference to patent application number 200910067552.3 method. Wherein, the composite microbial preparation is made into liquid preparation through liquid culture fermentation by lactobacillus casei (Lactobacillus casei) and oligosporic yeast (Saccharomyces exiguus), and the lactobacillus casei strain and oligosporic yeast strain use ratio are 3: (1~2), and the lactobacillus casei and oligosporic yeast viable bacteria total amount reaches 260 million / ml.

[0029] Example

[0030] The ginseng cultivation method for increasing ginseng polysaccharide provided by the invention comprises the steps of mixing fertilizer, mixing seeds, soaking plants, irrigating roots and spraying leaves.

[0031] 1. Fertilizer mixing:

[0032] When preparing the land, add the compound microbial preparation to water at a mass ratio of 1:50, and then mix it with the well-rotted organic fertilizer and apply it to the soil as base fertilizer, which can improve the soil, enhance fertility, and prevent soil-borne diseases. Well-rotted organic fertilizers include fermented soybean meal fertilizer and fermented pig manure. The ratio of fermented soybean meal fertilizer to fermented pig manure is 1:10, and the ratio of compound microbial preparation to fermented soybean meal fertilizer is 3:100.

[0033] Through experiments with different ratios of compound microbial preparations to water, such as comparing 1:50 and 1:500, the result is: when the ratio of compound microbial preparations to water exceeds 1:50, such as reaching 1:500, it will cause excessive soil moisture (humidity above 70%), reduce soil permeability, affect the growth of ginseng roots, and affect the normal growth and development of ginseng.

[0034] Organic fertilizers such as soybean meal fertilizer and fermented pig manure are mixed. Experiments have shown that one mu of land uses 100 kg of fermented soybean meal fertilizer, 1,000 kg of fermented pig manure, 3 kg of compound microbial preparations and 150 kg of water to mix, which can effectively prevent soil compaction, promote soil granulation, and make the soil loose, breathable, fertilizer-retaining and water-retaining. If the proportion exceeds this range, it will affect the fertilizer effect of compound microbial preparations and organic fertilizers, because the mixture of microbial agents and organic fertilizers is better than single use. This is because organic fertilizers provide nutritional conditions for the survival and reproduction of microorganisms and enhance the activity of microorganisms. The stronger the microbial activity, the higher the fertilizer effect. However, it cannot exceed the proportion range of mixing with inorganic fertilizers (chemical fertilizers), otherwise it will reduce the activity of microorganisms and affect the fertilizer effect of microbial agents.

[0035] 2. Seed mixing:

[0036] When sowing, each mu of land (667m 2 ) Use 0.02 kg of compound microbial preparations, mix with 3-4 kg of seeds, dry in the shade and sow, the seedlings will be uniform, strong, and have strong roots. After years of seed dressing application tests and continuous summarization of experience and lessons, this seed dressing method was concluded. Exceeding this seed dressing ratio will affect seed germination and emergence.

[0037] 3. Soaking:

[0038] When planting ginseng, choose high-quality ginseng and soak it in 50 times the solution of compound microbial preparation (the ratio of compound microbial preparation to water is 1:50) for half an hour, then remove it and transplant it. 2 ) Use 1 kg of compound microbial preparation. Through years of application tests, the dipping method with this ratio has been determined. If the dipping method exceeds this ratio, it will affect the emergence and growth of ginseng in the second year.

[0039] The quality ginseng planting standards are:

[0040] Select 4-year-old first-class ginseng (first road), discard the diseased ginseng, and plant as soon as they are dug up, with a spacing of 10cm and a row spacing of 23cm; add the compound microbial preparation to water at a mass ratio of 1:50, spray the ginseng bed (bed), maintain the soil moisture of the ginseng bed (bed) at 40% to 45%, and the soil cannot have a dry interlayer. Balance the beneficial bacteria in the soil, balance the organic matter in the soil (the soil organic matter content is more than 3%), and balance the nutrients in the soil to create a good growth environment for the growth of ice and snow ginseng. Apply 66.67ml of compound microbial preparation per square meter of ginseng bed to balance the soil pH 5.5 to 6.5. According to the test, the soil potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus content is high (the quick-acting nitrogen is not less than 1.5 mg per 100 grams of soil, the quick-acting phosphorus is not less than 2 mg, and the quick-acting potassium is not less than 20 mg), and the trace elements are relatively comprehensive (mainly containing: copper, zinc, iron, manganese, boron, molybdenum).

[0041] 4. Root irrigation:

[0042] During the ginseng growing period, each acre of land (667m 2 ) Use 26 kg of compound microbial preparation mixed with appropriate amount of water to irrigate the roots (add 400-500 kg of water when the soil moisture is lower than 30%, add 200-400 kg of water when the soil moisture is between 30%-45%, and add 200 kg of water when the soil moisture is above 45%). Irrigate the roots once in late April and late June respectively. Each time the roots are irrigated, the compound microbial preparation must penetrate into the soil layer under the roots of ginseng, which can improve the soil, prevent soil compaction, and promote the growth of ginseng roots.

[0043] 5. Foliar spraying:

[0044] During the growth period of ginseng, spray once with 100-150 times diluted compound microbial preparation (1 kg compound microbial preparation mixed with 100-150 kg water) at the middle stage of ginseng leafing, middle stage of flowering and green fruiting. 2 ) Using 1 kg of compound microbial preparation can enhance the photosynthesis of ginseng, promote the transformation of nutrients, and make the ginseng stems strong and the leaves green, growing well.

[0045] 6. Maintain balanced ground temperature:

[0046] Soil temperature directly affects the effectiveness of soil nutrients and the absorption capacity of roots. When the soil temperature is suitable, microorganisms can decompose soil organic matter well and release nutrients for ginseng to use.

[0047] The present invention mixes sawdust, rice husk and composite microbial preparation according to the mass ratio of 9:9:2 as a covering material. The present invention uses 45% sawdust, 45% rice husk and 10% composite microbial preparation, and mixes them as a covering material. The ratio is a mass ratio, which is obtained through experiments and years of ginseng planting experience. The ratio of the covering material has a good heat preservation and cold prevention effect. When the temperature is -32°C, the ginseng roots in the soil will not be frozen to death. When the temperature in late autumn and early spring fluctuates, freezing and thawing, it is easy to cause warm sun frost damage, and the cause of frost damage is caused by sudden temperature changes. The covering material with this ratio is breathable, heat-insulating and cold-proof, balances the ground temperature, is not subject to frost damage, and can ensure the ginseng emergence rate and seedling protection rate.

[0048] The present invention covers the mixed and evenly mixed covering material on the ginseng bed (bed) with a thickness of 50 cm in mid-to-late September, and seals it with a plastic film to maintain a balanced ground temperature, thereby extending the ginseng harvest period. Covering ginseng to prevent cold is also called sealing the bed, and the sealing pond must be covered with the cold-proof material before freezing. Experiments have shown that when the covering material is less than 50 cm thick, such as 30 cm thick, the soil freezes and the ginseng roots are affected, making them susceptible to freezing damage.

[0049] By maintaining a balanced ground temperature, the harvesting period of ginseng is changed from the middle and late September to the 24th solar term when ice and snow ginseng is dug after the light snow. This prolongs the harvesting period, increases the storage of effective substances in ginseng (such as ginseng polysaccharides), improves the cold resistance of ginseng, effectively prevents ginseng frost damage, improves the quality of ginseng, and increases the commercial value of ginseng.

[0050] Test Case

[0051] The ginseng picked in September by the traditional cultivation method (without using the composite microbial preparation) and the ginseng picked in December by the cultivation method of the present invention (using the composite microbial preparation) were sent to the workshop for washing, drying, crushing and standby, and the starch, reducing sugar and total sugar contents were detected respectively. In addition, the present invention also directly dried and freeze-dried the ginseng picked in December, and then the starch, reducing sugar and total sugar contents of the ginseng were detected respectively. The detection method of starch was carried out with reference to "GB 5009.9-2016 Second Method", the detection method of reducing sugar was carried out with reference to "GB 5009.9-2016 First Method", and the detection method of total sugar was carried out with reference to "GB5009.8-2016 Second Method". The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0052] Table 1

[0053]

[0054] The results show that by using the cultivation method of the present invention, the total sugar content of ginseng is significantly increased to more than 35%, the cold resistance of ginseng is improved, and the harvest period can be extended to December, which further promotes the synthesis of ginseng's effective substances and improves the quality of ginseng.

[0055] The results also showed that compared with ginseng picked in September, the starch content of freeze-dried ginseng and sun-dried ginseng picked in December was significantly lower than that of ginseng powder in September and December without crushing, and the total sugar content could reach more than 31%. Among them, the total sugar content of directly freeze-dried ginseng could reach more than 35%, which can be used as the preferred process for ginseng processing.

[0056] The above description is only by way of illustration of certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention. It is undoubted that, for those skilled in the art, the described embodiments can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above description is illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ginseng cultivation method for increasing ginseng polysaccharides, characterized in that: The invention comprises the steps of fertilizer mixing, seed mixing, plant soaking, root irrigation and foliar spraying, wherein the steps all adopt a composite microbial preparation, wherein the composite microbial preparation is prepared into a liquid preparation by liquid culture and fermentation of Lactobacillus casei and oligosporic yeast, the use ratio of Lactobacillus casei strains and oligosporic yeast strains is 3:(1-2), and the total amount of live bacteria of Lactobacillus casei and oligosporic yeast reaches 260 million / ml.

2. The ginseng cultivation method for increasing ginseng polysaccharides according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer mixing steps include: when preparing the land, adding the compound microbial preparation into water at a mass ratio of 1:50, and then mixing it with well-rotted organic fertilizer and evenly applying it into the soil as base fertilizer. The well-rotted organic fertilizer includes fermented soybean meal fertilizer and fermented pig manure. The ratio of fermented soybean meal fertilizer to fermented pig manure is 1:10, and the ratio of the compound microbial preparation to fermented soybean meal fertilizer is 3:

100.

3. The ginseng cultivation method for increasing ginseng polysaccharides according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed mixing steps include: when sowing, use 0.02 kg of compound microbial preparation per mu of land, mix with 3-4 kg of seeds, dry in the shade and then sow, so that the seedlings are even, strong and have strong roots.

4. The ginseng cultivation method for increasing ginseng polysaccharide content according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soaking and planting steps include: when planting ginseng, choose high-quality ginseng and soak it in 50 times the solution of the compound microbial preparation for half an hour, then take it out and transplant it. 1 kg of the compound microbial preparation is used for one acre of land.

5. The ginseng cultivation method for increasing ginseng polysaccharide content according to claim 4, characterized in that: The standard for high-quality ginseng planting is: select 4-year-old first-class ginseng plants, discard diseased and turned ginseng plants, and plant them as soon as they are dug up, with a plant spacing of 10 cm and a row spacing of 23 cm; add the compound microbial preparation into water at a mass ratio of 1:50, spray the ginseng bed, maintain the soil moisture of the ginseng bed at 40% to 45%, apply 66.67 ml of the compound microbial preparation per square meter of the ginseng bed, and balance the soil pH to 5.5 to 6.

5.

6. The ginseng cultivation method for increasing ginseng polysaccharide content according to claim 1, characterized in that: The root irrigation steps include: during the ginseng growth period, 26 kg of compound microbial preparation is mixed with appropriate amount of water for root irrigation per mu of land, and the root irrigation is carried out once in late April and late June in spring. When the soil moisture is lower than 30%, 400-500 kg of water is added, when the soil moisture is between 30% and 45%, 200-400 kg of water is added, and when the soil moisture is above 45%, 200 kg of water is added.

7. The ginseng cultivation method for increasing ginseng polysaccharide content according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of foliar spraying include: spraying once with 100-150 times diluted compound microbial preparation in the middle stage of ginseng leafing, the middle stage of flowering and the green fruit stage during the growth period of ginseng, and using 1 kg of compound microbial preparation per mu of land.

8. The ginseng cultivation method for increasing ginseng polysaccharide content according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes the steps of maintaining a balanced ground temperature in the ginseng field, specifically: mix sawdust, rice husks, and a compound microbial preparation in a mass ratio of 9:9:2 as a covering material, cover the ginseng bed with a thickness of 50 cm in mid-to-late September, and seal with plastic film to maintain a balanced ground temperature.

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