A variable cross-section dynamic regulation oil refining tower

Abstract

This application relates to the field of separation equipment for complex mixtures in the chemical industry, and particularly to a variable cross-section dynamically regulated oil refining tower, which includes a tower barrel and tower trays, and further includes: a retaining ring, which is convexly formed on the upper side of the tower tray, dividing the tower tray into a central flow-condensing area and a peripheral overflow area; floating valves, which are located in the flow-condensing area; downcomers, which are located in the overflow area, and the retaining ring is disconnected at the position of the downcomer so that the liquid in the flow-condensing area can flow to the downcomer; an overflow weir, which is convexly formed on the side of the tower tray corresponding to the downcomer close to the flow-condensing area and is lower than the upper side of the retaining ring. It realizes that under different liquid flow rates, the flow direction and distribution of the liquid can be effectively controlled, avoiding excessive accumulation of the liquid on the tower tray, preventing problems such as abnormal increase in liquid level caused by changes in liquid flow rate that damage the normal flow pattern and poor gas-liquid contact, thereby improving the mass transfer efficiency and separation effect of the oil refining tower under different flow conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of separation equipment for complex mixtures in the chemical industry, and more particularly to a variable cross-section dynamic regulation oil refining tower. Background Art

[0002] An oil refining tower, also known as a fractionating tower or distillation tower, is an important piece of equipment used to separate different components in crude oil during the petroleum refining process. Through heating, various hydrocarbon substances in the crude oil are separated at different heights in the oil refining tower according to their different boiling points. Lighter components will evaporate and condense at the upper part of the tower, while heavier components will be collected at lower positions.

[0003] In traditional oil refining towers, when dealing with liquids of different flow rates, under low flow rate conditions, the contact area between the liquid and gas decreases, which may lead to a reduction in mass transfer efficiency and affect the separation effect. When the liquid flow rate is too large, it may exceed the overflow capacity of the tray, resulting in the liquid not flowing from one tray to another in a timely manner, thus disrupting the normal flow pattern. As a result, the liquid level on the tray rises abnormally, preventing the floating valve from closing or opening correctly, leading to gas flow short-circuit or poor gas-liquid contact.

[0004] Although there are already some improved tray designs on the market, such as increasing the overflow weir or adjusting the tray spacing, etc., these methods do not fundamentally solve the problems caused by changes in liquid flow rate and still cannot effectively prevent the excessive accumulation of liquid on the tray.

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned defects existing in the prior art, there is an urgent need for a new solution to overcome these problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve the problems mentioned in the background art, this application provides a variable cross-section dynamic regulation oil refining tower.

[0007] A variable cross-section dynamic regulation oil refining tower provided by this application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A variable cross-section dynamic regulation oil refining tower includes a tower barrel and trays, and further includes:

[0009] A retaining ring, which is convexly formed on the upper side of the tray, dividing the tray into a central converging area and a peripheral overflow area;

[0010] Floating valves, located in the converging area;

[0011] A downcomer, located in the overflow area, and the retaining ring is disconnected at the position of the downcomer so that the liquid in the converging area can flow to the downcomer;

[0012] An overflow weir, which is convexly formed on the side of the tray corresponding to the downcomer close to the converging area and is lower than the upper side of the retaining ring.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, a retaining ring is arranged on the tray to divide it into a converging zone and an overflow zone. The floating valve is located in the converging zone. That is, the converging zone belongs to the normal working area. Under low-flow and conventional-flow conditions, the converging zone cooperates with the overflow weir to ensure normal gas-liquid contact mass transfer. The liquid above the downcomer will flow down through the downcomer, guiding the liquid flow direction and ensuring normal operation. When in a high-flow state, when the drainage speed of the downcomer cannot meet the requirement, excessive liquid will flow to the overflow zone for buffering. Thus, it is equivalent to increasing the working area of the tray, expanding the cross-section for accommodating liquid, and further reducing the pressure in the converging zone, avoiding excessive liquid accumulation in the converging zone, and ensuring the normal operation of the floating valve. In summary, it realizes effective control of the liquid flow direction and distribution under different liquid flow conditions, avoids excessive liquid accumulation on the tray, prevents problems such as abnormal liquid level rise due to liquid flow changes, which destroys the normal flow pattern and poor gas-liquid contact, thereby improving the mass transfer efficiency and separation effect of the refining tower under different flow conditions.

[0014] Optionally, it further includes:

[0015] An overflow trough, opened in the converging zone;

[0016] A check valve, arranged in the overflow trough, allowing opening from top to bottom.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, an overflow trough is opened in the converging zone and a check valve is arranged, allowing opening from top to bottom. When the liquid in the converging zone reaches a certain amount, it can be shunted through the overflow trough and the check valve, further avoiding excessive liquid accumulation in the converging zone, better adapting to different liquid flow conditions, ensuring the smoothness of liquid flow and the stability of gas-liquid contact in the refining tower, and maintaining a good separation state.

[0018] Optionally, it further includes:

[0019] An opening and closing plate, vertically arranged between the retaining ring and the tower barrel in a one-sided swingable manner, with the lower end touching the tray and the upper end higher than the overflow weir;

[0020] When the side of the opening and closing plate close to the downcomer receives a driving force, it can open the overflow zone.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the opening and closing plate is arranged between the retaining ring and the tower barrel in a one-sided swingable manner, with the lower end touching the tray and the upper end higher than the overflow weir. When the side close to the downcomer receives a driving force, it can open the overflow zone. In this way, when the liquid flow rate is large and the drainage capacity of the downcomer is insufficient, the accumulated liquid can push the opening and closing plate to open, realizing the timely opening of the overflow zone according to actual working conditions such as liquid flow rate, enabling the liquid to smoothly pass through the overflow zone for shunting and other operations, avoiding poor gas-liquid contact and other adverse situations caused by liquid accumulation, and ensuring the stable and efficient crude oil component separation work of the refining tower.

[0022] Optionally, it further includes:

[0023] Two slide plates, vertically arranged, with the lower ends abutting against the tray and the upper ends being higher than the overflow weir. The two slide plates are slidably connected between the retaining ring and the tower barrel along the overflow area;

[0024] An elastic member, arranged on the tower barrel, for pushing the two slide plates to slide to both sides of the downcomer.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the two slide plates are vertically arranged and can be slidably connected between the retaining ring and the tower barrel in the overflow area. The elastic member pushes them to slide to both sides of the downcomer. When the liquid flow rate is large and the discharge capacity of the downcomer is insufficient, the accumulated liquid can push the slide plates on both sides of the overflow area to move, so as to realize accommodating excessive liquid through the overflow area, thereby achieving flexible adjustment of the space size of the overflow area according to the actual situation, dynamically regulating the overflow of the liquid, preventing the liquid from not flowing out of the tray in time when the liquid flow rate is too large, ensuring that the liquid can flow between the trays along a reasonable path and rhythm, and maintaining the normal operation order and separation effect of the refining tower.

[0026] Optionally, it further includes:

[0027] Two baffle plates, vertically arranged between the retaining ring and the tower barrel, with the lower ends abutting against the tray and the upper ends being higher than the overflow weir, located on both sides of the downcomer, and capable of closing the overflow area;

[0028] The retaining ring includes multiple sections of elastic arc pieces. The rear ends of each elastic arc piece are fixed to the tray, and the front ends of the rear elastic arc pieces are overlapped on the outer sides of the rear ends of the front elastic arc pieces;

[0029] When the liquid in the converging area exceeds the overflow weir to a preset value, it can push the front ends of each elastic arc piece to enable the liquid to enter the overflow area.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution, the two baffle plates can close the overflow area. The retaining ring adopts multiple sections of elastic arc pieces and has a corresponding liquid-pushing opening mechanism. When the liquid in the converging area exceeds the overflow weir to a preset value, it can push the front ends of the elastic arc pieces to allow the liquid to enter the overflow area, realizing the diversion of the converging area and achieving flexible control of the overflow area. It can be closed at the right time to ensure the converging effect at low flow rates, and can also be automatically opened for diversion when the liquid volume reaches a certain level, effectively coping with liquids of different flow rates and ensuring good gas-liquid contact and separation efficiency in the refining tower.

[0031] Optionally, it further includes:

[0032] A drainage plate, arranged in the tower barrel, on the upper side of the tray, for guiding the liquid flowing out of the downcomer of the upper tray to the converging area of the lower tray.

[0033] By adopting the above technical solution, the drainage plate is arranged inside the tower barrel to guide the liquid flowing out of the downcomer of the upper tray to the confluence area of the lower tray, enabling the liquid to flow more orderly between the trays, avoiding problems such as uneven gas-liquid contact caused by chaotic liquid flow direction, optimizing the liquid flow path inside the entire oil refining tower, and contributing to improving the overall mass transfer and separation effects.

[0034] Optionally, it further includes:

[0035] The baffle plate is arranged inside the tower barrel, above the tray, and shields the overflow area of the lower tray.

[0036] By adopting the above technical solution, the baffle plate is arranged inside the tower barrel and shields the overflow area of the lower tray, which can play a certain role in blocking and guiding the liquid flow, avoiding unreasonable backflow and other situations of the liquid in the overflow area, ensuring that the liquid flows between the trays according to the established path and manner, and maintaining the normal operation state and separation efficiency of the oil refining tower.

[0037] Optionally, the upper end of the retaining ring of the lower tray can abut against the lower side of the baffle plate.

[0038] By adopting the above technical solution, the upper end of the retaining ring of the lower tray can abut against the lower side of the baffle plate, preventing abnormal leakage or flow disorder of the liquid in the overflow area and the confluence area, further ensuring the orderliness of the liquid flow inside the oil refining tower and the stability of gas-liquid contact mass transfer, and improving the separation effect.

[0039] Optionally, the floating valve includes:

[0040] The valve hole is opened on the tray;

[0041] The elastic valve cover is fixed above the tray and covers the valve hole;

[0042] The floating ball is arranged inside the elastic valve cover, with a diameter larger than the valve hole. The floating ball is pressed by the elastic valve cover to keep it in sealed contact with the valve hole. When the thrust received by the floating ball is greater than the elastic force of the elastic valve cover, the valve hole opens.

[0043] By adopting the above technical solution, the floating valve adopts the structure of a valve hole, an elastic valve cover and a floating ball. The elastic valve cover presses the floating ball to keep it in sealed contact with the valve hole. When the thrust received by the floating ball is greater than the elastic force of the elastic valve cover, the valve hole opens. In this way, it can flexibly control the opening and closing of the gas channel according to the pressure conditions of the liquid and gas on the tray, ensure the timeliness and effectiveness of gas-liquid contact, avoid poor gas-liquid contact, and improve the mass transfer efficiency.

[0044] Optionally, the elastic valve cover includes:

[0045] The lower ends of the multiple elastic arc plates are fixed to the tower plates, and the upper ends are mutually abutted. Adjacent elastic arc plates are mutually abutted to form a hemispherical shape. The floating ball is located at the lower side of the multiple elastic arc plates and is pressed against the valve hole by the elastic arc plates.

[0046] By adopting the above technical solution, the elastic valve cover is composed of multiple elastic arc plates in a hemispherical shape to press the float ball against the valve hole. This structure makes the sealing and opening of the float ball more flexible and reliable, and can better respond to actual pressure changes to change the gap between adjacent elastic arc plates, accurately control the passage of gas through the valve hole, maintain good contact and mass transfer process between gas and liquid on the tower plate, and ensure the separation effect of the refinery tower.

[0047] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0048] 1. A retaining ring is set on the tower plate to separate it into a gathering area and an overflow area. The float valve is located in the gathering area, that is, the gathering area belongs to the normal working area. Under low flow and normal flow conditions, the gathering area cooperates with the overflow weir to ensure normal gas-liquid contact and mass transfer. The liquid above the downcomer will flow down through the downcomer, guiding the flow direction of the liquid to ensure normal operation. When the flow rate is high and the discharge speed of the downcomer cannot be met, the excess liquid will flow to the overflow area for buffering, which is equivalent to increasing the working area of ​​the tower plate and the cross-section for accommodating liquid, thereby reducing the pressure in the gathering area, avoiding excessive liquid accumulation in the gathering area, and ensuring the normal operation of the float valve. In summary, it is achieved that under different liquid flow conditions, the flow direction and distribution of the liquid can be effectively controlled to avoid excessive accumulation of liquid on the tower plate, prevent abnormal increase of liquid level due to changes in liquid flow, destroy the normal flow pattern, and prevent poor gas-liquid contact, thereby improving the mass transfer efficiency and separation effect of the refinery tower under different flow conditions.

[0049] 2. An overflow trough is opened in the gathering area and a one-way valve is installed, which is allowed to be opened from top to bottom. When the liquid in the gathering area reaches a certain amount, it can be diverted through the overflow trough and the one-way valve, further avoiding excessive accumulation of liquid in the gathering area, better adapting to liquid conditions with different flow rates, ensuring the smoothness of liquid flow in the refinery tower and the stability of gas-liquid contact, and maintaining a good separation state.

[0050] 3. The opening and closing plate is swingably arranged on one side between the retaining ring and the tower, with the lower end abutting against the tower plate and the upper end being higher than the overflow weir. When the side close to the downcomer is pushed by a force, the overflow area can be opened. In this way, when the liquid flow is large and the discharge volume of the downcomer is insufficient, the accumulated liquid can push the opening and closing plate to open, so that the overflow area can be opened in time according to the actual working conditions such as the liquid flow, so that the liquid can smoothly pass through the overflow area for diversion and other operations, avoiding adverse conditions such as poor gas-liquid contact caused by liquid accumulation, and ensuring that the refinery tower can stably and efficiently separate crude oil components. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the oil refinery tower in Embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0052] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a partial enlarged view of part A in

[0053] Figure 3 is a schematic view of the tray structure in Embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0054] Figure 4 is a schematic view of the position of the slide plate in Embodiment 2 of the present application;

[0055] Figure 5 is a schematic view of the position of the overflow trough in Embodiment 3 of the present application;

[0056] Figure 6 is a schematic view of the position of the opening and closing plate in Embodiment 4 of the present application;

[0057] Figure 7 is a schematic view of the elastic arc piece in Embodiment 5 of the present application.

[0058] Explanation of reference numerals:

[0059] 1, tower barrel; 11, drainage plate; 12, baffle plate; 2, tray;

[0060] 2, tray; 21, converging area; 22, overflow area; 23, slide plate; 24, overflow trough; 25, opening and closing plate; 26, baffle;

[0061] 3, retaining ring; 31, elastic arc piece;

[0062] 4, floating valve; 41, valve hole; 42, elastic valve cover; 43, floating ball; 44, elastic arc plate;

[0063] 5, downcomer;

[0064] 6, overflow weir. Detailed implementation manners

[0065] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are only possible technical implementations of the present invention, not all possible implementations. Those skilled in the art can completely combine the embodiments of the present invention to obtain other embodiments without creative labor, and these embodiments are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0066] The inventors of the present application have found that traditional oil refining towers are prone to various problems when facing liquids with different flow rates, such as a decrease in mass transfer efficiency at low flow rates and the disruption of normal flow patterns at high flow rates. Even existing improvement measures have not fundamentally solved the adverse effects brought about by changes in liquid flow rates, and the phenomenon of excessive liquid accumulation is still prominent. Therefore, the present application mainly adopts the following solutions, achieving the effects of effectively controlling the liquid flow direction and distribution, avoiding excessive liquid accumulation, and improving the mass transfer efficiency and separation effect of the oil refining tower under different flow rate conditions. The following is a further detailed description of the present application.

[0067] Example 1

[0068] Referring to Figure 1 , a variable cross-section dynamic regulation oil refining tower provided by an embodiment of the present application includes a tower barrel 1 and multiple tower trays 2.

[0069] The multiple tower trays 2 are arranged vertically in the tower barrel 1, and each tower tray 2 is horizontally arranged. A retaining ring 3, floating valves 4, downcomers 5, and overflow weirs 6 are also provided on the tower tray 2.

[0070] Referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , wherein, the retaining ring 3 protrudes above the tower tray 2 and is in a "C" shape. The retaining ring 3 divides the tower tray 2 into a central converging area 21 and an outer overflow area 22. The two cooperate with each other to lay a foundation for the reasonable diversion of liquid. The floating valves 4 are located in the converging area 21 and are key components to ensure normal gas-liquid contact. The downcomers 5 are provided in the overflow area 22 and are located at the notch position of the retaining ring 3, that is, the retaining ring 3 is disconnected at the position of the downcomer 5, so that the liquid in the converging area 21 can flow smoothly to the downcomer 5. The overflow weir 6 protrudes and is formed on the side of the tower tray 2 corresponding to the downcomer 5 close to the converging area 21, and its height is lower than the upper side of the retaining ring 3.

[0071] Through such a setting, the effect of maintaining the stable operation of the oil refining tower under different liquid flow rate conditions is achieved. The reason is that in the low-flow rate and normal-flow rate states, the converging area 21 and the overflow weir 6 cooperate to ensure the orderly progress of gas-liquid contact mass transfer, and the liquid higher than the downcomer 5 can flow smoothly along the downcomer 5 to ensure normal operation. When a high flow rate occurs and the drainage speed of the downcomer 5 cannot solve the problem, too much liquid will flow into the overflow area 22 for buffering, which is equivalent to increasing the working area of the tower tray 2, reducing the pressure in the converging area 21, and thus ensuring the normal operation of the floating valves 4, avoiding excessive liquid accumulation on the tower tray 2, and maintaining a good flow pattern and gas-liquid contact state.

[0072] Furthermore, the retaining ring 3 can be made of, for example, stainless steel, which can withstand the complex environmental conditions in the oil refining tower, and the side length of the retaining ring 3 is set in proportion to the size of the tower plate 2. Of course, the retaining ring 3 can also be made of a titanium alloy material with good corrosion resistance to replace the stainless steel material to meet some special oil refining process requirements.

[0073] The float valve 4 includes a valve hole 41, an elastic valve cover 42 and a floating ball 43. The valve hole 41 is opened on the tower plate 2, and its aperture size is determined according to factors such as the processing capacity of the oil refining tower. The elastic valve cover 42 is composed of a plurality of elastic arc plates 44, and the elastic arc plates 44 can be made of stainless steel metal. The lower end of the elastic arc plate 44 can be fixed on the tower plate 2 by a fixing method such as welding, and the upper ends of the plurality of elastic arc plates 44 are all bent inward, and the adjacent elastic arc plates 44 are in contact with each other in the initial state, so that the elastic valve cover 42 is bowl-shaped as a whole. The floating ball 43 is located in the elastic valve cover 42, and its diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the valve hole 41. The sealing contact with the valve hole 41 is achieved by pressing the upper end of the elastic arc plate 44. The floating ball 43 can be a stainless steel solid ball, and the surface is polished to reduce the friction between it and the elastic valve cover 42. The floating ball 43 can also be a ceramic floating ball, which has uniform density and strong chemical stability. Through this structure of the float valve 4, when the float 43 is subjected to a thrust greater than the elastic force of the elastic valve cover 42, the float 43 rises, pushing the multiple elastic arc plates 44 to bend outward, the valve hole 41 opens, and the gaps between adjacent elastic arc plates 44 will also open. As the thrust applied to the float 43 increases, the bending amplitude of the elastic arc plates 44 increases, and the gaps between adjacent elastic arc plates 44 also increase. In this way, the opening and closing of the gas channel can be flexibly controlled according to the pressure conditions of the liquid and gas on the tower plate 2, thereby ensuring the timeliness and effectiveness of the gas-liquid contact, avoiding the occurrence of poor gas-liquid contact, and improving the mass transfer efficiency.

[0074] The downcomer 5 can also be made of stainless steel and can be coated with a ceramic coating, which not only ensures the smoothness of the liquid flow, but also has sufficient strength. In addition, to ensure that the liquid flowing down the upper downcomer 5 can smoothly flow to the gathering area 21 of the lower tray 2. A guide plate 11 is fixed at a position corresponding to the adjacent trays 2 in the tower 1, and the upper end of the guide plate 11 is located at the lower end of the downcomer 5 of the upper tray 2, and the lower end of the downcomer 5 extends to the upper part of the gathering area 21 of the lower tray 2, so that the liquid flowing down the downcomer 5 can smoothly flow to the gathering area 21 below.

[0075] Furthermore, a baffle plate 12 is fixedly installed above each tray 2 inside the tower barrel 1. The baffle plate 12 is annular and can block the overflow area 22 of the lower tray 2. The baffle plate 12 is arranged inside the tower barrel 1 to block the overflow area 22 of the lower tray 2, which can play a certain role in blocking and guiding the flow of the liquid, avoiding unreasonable backflows and other situations of the liquid in the overflow area 22, ensuring that the liquid flows between the trays 2 along the established path and manner, and maintaining the normal operating state and separation efficiency of the oil refining tower.

[0076] Furthermore, the upper end of the retaining ring 3 of the lower tray 2 can be set to abut against the bottom surface of the baffle plate 12, preventing abnormal leakage or flow disorder of the liquid in the overflow area 22 and the converging area 21, thereby ensuring the orderly flow of the liquid inside the oil refining tower and the stability of gas-liquid contact mass transfer, and improving the separation effect.

[0077] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: Through the careful design and reasonable matching of each component and its parts such as the retaining ring 3, the floating valve 4, the downcomer 5, and the overflow weir 6, making full use of the characteristics of each component and their cooperation relationship, according to different liquid flow conditions, automatically and effectively regulating the flow direction and distribution of the liquid on the tray 2. Whether it is a low-flow, normal-flow or high-flow working condition, it can avoid excessive accumulation of the liquid, ensure good gas-liquid contact, fundamentally overcome the problems existing in the traditional oil refining tower, greatly enhance the ability of the oil refining tower to adapt to different working conditions, and ensure an efficient mass transfer and separation process.

[0078] Embodiment 2

[0079] Refer to Figure 4, A variable cross-section dynamically regulated oil refining tower. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 lies in that two sliding plates 23 and elastic members are configured. The two sliding plates 23 are vertically arranged and located in the overflow area 22. The lower end of the sliding plate 23 abuts against the tray 2, and the upper end exceeds the overflow weir 6 by an appropriate height, and can be flush with the height of the retaining ring 3 at most. The main body of the sliding plate 23 is made of wear-resistant alloy steel. Sliders can be provided on both side edges of the sliding plate 23. The sliders and the corresponding slideways on the retaining ring 3 and the tower barrel 1 adopt an embedded fitting method. Wear-resistant graphite strips can be inlaid inside the slideways to further reduce the friction coefficient and ensure that the sliding plate 23 can slide smoothly; The elastic member can be a spring, which is arranged in the slideway and abuts against the sliding plate 23. When the liquid flow rate is normal, the elastic member pushes the sliding plate 23 to limit the space of the overflow area 22 within a suitable range. Once the liquid flow rate is large and the drainage capacity of the downcomer 5 is insufficient, the pressure generated by the accumulated liquid overcomes the spring force and pushes the sliding plates 23 on both sides of the overflow area 22 to move, realizing flexible adjustment of the space size of the overflow area 22 according to the actual situation, dynamically regulating the overflow of the liquid, ensuring the liquid flow situation at the position between the trays 2 according to a reasonable path and rhythm, enabling the liquid to smoothly pass through the overflow area 22 for operations such as splitting, and avoiding problems such as poor gas-liquid contact caused by liquid accumulation, ensuring the stable and efficient operation of the oil refining tower for crude oil component separation work.

[0080] The implementation principle of this embodiment is: By introducing the structure of the opening and closing plate 25, the ability of the oil refining tower to actively sense and regulate the overflow area 22 can dynamically open or close the overflow channel according to the real-time liquid flow rate situation, accurately match the actual needs of liquid treatment, effectively prevent liquid congestion, ensure smooth interaction between gas and liquid, optimize the operation stability of the oil refining tower, improve the adaptability to high-flow conditions, and strengthen the guarantee of crude oil separation accuracy and efficiency.

[0081] Embodiment 3,

[0082] Refer to Figure 5 , A variable cross-section dynamically regulated oil refining tower. The difference between this embodiment and the above-mentioned embodiments is that in this embodiment, two components, namely an overflow tank 24 and a check valve, are also provided. The overflow tank 24 is opened at the side position of the converging area 21, and its shape can adopt forms such as round hole shape, straight line shape, arc shape, etc.; The check valve is arranged in the overflow tank 24, and the check valve allows opening from top to bottom. When the liquid in the converging area 21 reaches a certain amount, the liquid can pass through the overflow tank 24 and smoothly flow downward along the check valve to the lower tray 2, further avoiding excessive accumulation of liquid in the converging area 21, ensuring the smoothness of liquid flow and the stability of gas-liquid contact in the oil refining tower, and maintaining a good separation state.

[0083] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: The overflow tank 24 and the one-way valve added on the basis of the original embodiment construct an additional diversion channel for the converging area 21, which can more flexibly respond to the fluctuating changes in liquid flow rate, strengthen the prevention and control ability of liquid accumulation, optimize the stability of liquid flow and the balance of gas-liquid contact, improve the reliability of the oil refining tower under complex flow rate changes, and ensure that the crude oil separation work can be carried out efficiently and continuously.

[0084] Embodiment 4

[0085] Referring to Figure 6 , a variable cross-section dynamically regulated oil refining tower. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is the introduction of a component, the opening and closing plate 25. The opening and closing plate 25 is arranged in the overflow area 22. The opening and closing plate 25 is vertically arranged between the retaining ring 3 and the tower barrel 1 in a swingable manner on one side. Its lower end tightly abuts on the tray 2, and its upper end extends to a certain height above the overflow weir 6. The main body of the opening and closing plate 25 can be made of aluminum alloy material, which is light in weight and convenient for swinging operation. One side of it is connected to the retaining ring 3 through a hinge structure and a torsion spring. A rubber buffer pad is arranged on the other edge of the opening and closing plate 25 to prevent violent collision with other components during the swinging process. When the opening and closing plate 25 is pushed by the liquid on the side close to the downcomer 5, it can smoothly open the overflow area 22. For example, when the liquid flow rate is large and the discharge capacity of the downcomer 5 cannot meet the requirement, the pressure generated by the accumulated liquid pushes the opening and closing plate 25 to open, so that the liquid can smoothly pass through the overflow area 22 for diversion and other operations, avoiding problems such as poor gas-liquid contact caused by liquid accumulation, and ensuring the stable and efficient crude oil component separation work of the oil refining tower.

[0086] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: By introducing the structure of the opening and closing plate 25, the ability of the oil refining tower to actively sense and regulate the overflow area 22 can dynamically open or close the overflow channel according to the real-time liquid flow rate, accurately match the actual needs of liquid treatment, effectively prevent liquid congestion, ensure smooth interaction between gas and liquid, optimize the operation stability of the oil refining tower, improve the adaptability to high-flow conditions, and strengthen the guarantee of crude oil separation accuracy and efficiency.

[0087] Embodiment 5

[0088] Referring to Figure 7, a variable cross-section dynamic regulation refinery tower. The difference between this embodiment and the above-mentioned embodiment lies in: adding two baffles 26 and improving the structure of the retaining ring 3. The two baffles 26 are vertically arranged between the retaining ring 3 and the tower barrel 1, with the lower end firmly abutting on the tray 2 and the upper end extending to a certain height above the overflow weir 6. The material of the baffle 26 is selected as thick stainless steel plate, and its surface is treated with anti-corrosion to close the end of the overflow zone 22 near the downcomer 5. The retaining ring 3 is composed of multiple elastic arc pieces 31. The rear ends of each elastic arc piece 31 are fixed on the tray 2, and the front ends of the rear elastic arc pieces 31 are all free ends and overlap on the outer side of the rear ends of the front elastic arc pieces 31. The elastic arc piece 31 can be made of stainless steel plate with good elasticity or other hard materials, having a certain elastic deformation ability and being able to withstand a certain liquid pressure. The elastic arc piece 31 made of spring steel can also be used, with higher strength and longer service life. When the liquid in the converging zone 21 exceeds the overflow weir 6 to a preset value, the pressure generated by the liquid pushes the front ends of each elastic arc piece 31, enabling the liquid to smoothly enter the overflow zone 22. In this way, it can close the overflow zone 22 to ensure the converging effect at low flow rates and automatically open for diversion when the liquid volume is large, effectively coping with liquids of different flow rates and ensuring good gas-liquid contact and separation efficiency in the refinery tower.

[0089] The implementation principle of this embodiment is: by adopting the combination of two baffles 26 and the retaining ring 3 composed of multiple elastic arc pieces 31, it takes into account the converging requirements at low flow rates and the adaptive diversion function at high flow rates, can intelligently switch the working mode according to the liquid level situation of the liquid, strengthens the adaptability of the refinery tower to flow fluctuations, optimizes the gas-liquid interaction environment, and improves the stability and efficiency of crude oil refining.

[0090] The above are all the preferred embodiments of this application. It does not limit the protection scope of this application accordingly. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be covered within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A variable cross-section dynamically controlled oil refining tower, comprising a tower barrel (1) and a tower plate (2), characterized in that: Also includes: A baffle ring (3) is formed protrudingly on the upper side of the tower plate (2) to divide the tower plate (2) into a central flow-gathering area (21) and a peripheral overflow area (22); A float valve (4) located in the flow gathering area (21); A downcomer (5) is located in the overflow area (22), and the baffle ring (3) is disconnected at the downcomer (5) so that the liquid in the gathering area (21) can flow to the downcomer (5); An overflow weir (6) is formed protrudingly on a side of the tower plate (2) corresponding to the downcomer (5) close to the flow-gathering zone (21) and is lower than the upper side of the baffle ring (3); Also includes: An overflow trough (24) is provided in the flow gathering area (21); A one-way valve, arranged in the overflow groove (24), allows opening from top to bottom; An opening and closing plate (25) is vertically arranged between the retaining ring (3) and the tower (1) and can swing on one side, with its lower end abutting against the tower plate (2) and its upper end being higher than the overflow weir (6); When the opening and closing plate (25) is pushed by a force on the side close to the downcomer (5), the overflow area (22) can be opened.

2. A variable cross-section dynamically controlled oil refining tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Two slide plates (23) are vertically arranged, with the lower ends abutting against the tower plate (2) and the upper ends being higher than the overflow weir (6). The two slide plates (23) are slidably connected between the retaining ring (3) and the tower barrel (1) along the overflow area (22); The elastic member is arranged on the tower (1) and is used to push the two slide plates (23) to slide to the two sides of the downcomer (5).

3. The variable cross-section dynamically controlled oil refining tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Two baffles (26) are vertically arranged between the baffle ring (3) and the tower (1), with the lower ends abutting against the tower plate (2) and the upper ends being higher than the overflow weir (6), and are located on both sides of the downcomer (5) and are capable of closing the overflow area (22); The retaining ring (3) comprises a plurality of elastic arc pieces (31), the rear end of each elastic arc piece (31) is fixed to the tower plate (2), and the front end of the rear elastic arc piece (31) is overlapped with the outer side of the rear end of the front elastic arc piece (31); When the liquid in the flow-gathering area (21) exceeds the overflow weir (6) to a preset value, the front end of each elastic arc piece (31) can be pushed to allow the liquid to enter the overflow area (22).

4. The variable cross-section dynamically controlled oil refining tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The guide plate (11) is arranged in the tower (1) and located on the upper side of the tower plate (2), and is used to guide the liquid flowing out of the downcomer (5) of the upper tower plate (2) to the gathering area (21) of the lower tower plate (2).

5. The variable cross-section dynamically controlled oil refining tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The baffle (12) is arranged in the tower (1) and located on the upper side of the tower plate (2) to shield the overflow area (22) of the lower tower plate (2).

6. The variable cross-section dynamically controlled oil refining tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the baffle ring (3) of the lower tower plate (2) can abut against the lower side of the baffle plate (12).

7. The variable cross-section dynamically controlled oil refining tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: The float valve (4) comprises: A valve hole (41) is provided on the tower plate (2); An elastic valve cover (42) is fixed to the upper side of the tower plate (2) and covers the valve hole (41); The float (43) is arranged in the elastic valve cover (42) and has a diameter larger than the valve hole (41). The float (43) is pressed by the elastic valve cover (42) to keep sealing against the valve hole (41). When the float (43) is subjected to a thrust greater than the elastic force of the elastic valve cover (42), the valve hole (41) is opened.

8. The variable cross-section dynamically controlled oil refining tower according to claim 7, characterized in that: The elastic valve cover (42) comprises: A plurality of elastic arc plates (44) have lower ends fixed to the tower plate (2) and upper ends abutting against each other. Adjacent elastic arc plates (44) abut against each other to form a hemispherical shape. The floating ball (43) is located at the lower side of the plurality of elastic arc plates (44) and is pressed against the valve hole (41) by the elastic arc plates (44).

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