Self-energy-taking temperature monitoring device and method at joint of power system

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-energy-taking temperature monitoring device and method for a joint of a power system. The device comprises a bolt type high-strength heat pipe; the bolt type high-strength heat pipe is provided with a threaded structure area and a non-threaded structure area. The bolt type high-strength heat pipe is arranged at a connector of an electric power system, and a connecting part is arranged at the connector. A temperature difference self-energy-taking module is arranged in an unthreaded area of the bolt type high-strength heat pipe; a connecting structure is arranged between the temperature difference self-energy-taking modules; a temperature monitoring circuit is further distributed in the unthreaded area of the bolt type high-strength heat pipe in the circumferential direction and is electrically connected with the temperature difference self-energy-taking module. The temperature monitoring device is small in size, easy to install and high in reliability, and the long-term and accurate temperature monitoring function can be carried out on the joint of the power system without an additional power supply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of self-energy temperature monitoring devices, and in particular to a self-energy temperature monitoring device and method at a power system joint. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the rise of new energy vehicles has been accompanied by the continued rise in electricity demand. Electrical connections are an important part of the power system, such as transformer connectors, switch cabinet connectors, high-voltage line connectors, etc. in the existing power system. However, these power system connectors will inevitably become loose, aging, surface oxidation, etc. after long-term operation. If these problems are not discovered in time, they will cause immeasurable disasters. Generally speaking, the most intuitive consequence of these problems is the change in contact point temperature, so real-time and long-term temperature monitoring of the power system connectors is particularly important.

[0003] Temperature monitoring of power system connectors is essential to ensure safe and stable operation of the power system. Heating of electrical connectors may be caused by resistance loss, dielectric loss heating, iron loss heating, abnormal voltage distribution, and leakage current increase faults. These heating problems may not only lead to equipment performance degradation, but also cause fire accidents, affect power supply quality, and accelerate the aging of insulation materials. Temperature monitoring helps to detect heating problems of electrical connectors in a timely manner and prevent power accidents caused by poor contact, equipment aging, surface oxidation or corrosion, etc. By monitoring temperature changes, insulation aging and breakdown can be prevented to ensure the stable operation of the power system.

[0004] Existing cable joint temperature measurement methods include electrical signal temperature measurement (such as thermocouple temperature measurement and integrated sensor temperature measurement), optical signal temperature measurement (such as infrared temperature measurement, fiber Bragg grating temperature measurement and distributed optical fiber temperature measurement) and wireless temperature measurement (including active wireless temperature measurement and passive wireless temperature measurement). Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. For example, although thermocouple temperature measurement has high accuracy, it is complicated to install and maintain; although infrared temperature measurement is flexible to use, it cannot achieve online monitoring.

[0005] To prevent heating of electrical connectors, the traditional methods include the following measures: Improve the quality of design and construction, and select materials with good electrical conductivity, thermal stability and corrosion resistance. Regularly inspect and maintain electrical connectors to ensure that the connections are tight and the insulation is in good condition. Optimize the operation mode, reasonably distribute the load, and avoid long-term overload operation. Install and use protective covers to reduce the contact between electrical connectors and the external environment and reduce the possibility of failure.

[0006] Long-term monitoring requires continuous power supply. As a clean energy source, thermoelectric self-energy devices are very suitable for providing continuous power to low-power monitoring devices. However, traditional rigid thermoelectric modules and the low temperature difference between the hot and cold ends of thermoelectric modules make continuous power supply difficult. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a self-energy temperature monitoring device and method at the joints of an electric power system. The device is small in size, easy to install, and has high reliability. It can realize the function of long-term and accurate temperature monitoring at the joints of the electric power system without the need for additional power supply.

[0008] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, this application adopts the following technical solutions: In the first aspect, the present invention provides a temperature monitoring device for self-energy extraction at a joint of an electric power system, comprising a bolt-type high-strength heat pipe as a main structure, the bolt-type high-strength heat pipe having a threaded structure area and a non-threaded area, a temperature difference self-energy extraction module being arranged on the non-threaded area; the non-threaded area is also circumferentially distributed with a temperature monitoring circuit, the temperature monitoring circuit is electrically connected to the temperature difference self-energy extraction module; the temperature difference self-energy extraction module has a PN junction, which is used to generate electricity according to the temperature difference self-energy extraction, the voltage generated by the power generation difference is used to power the temperature monitoring circuit, and the temperature monitoring circuit performs temperature monitoring; the threaded structure area is connected to the joint of the electric power system.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the bolt-type high-strength heat pipe is a capillary heat pipe, comprising a tube shell and a tube core, the tube shell is sleeved outside the tube core, a steam cavity is provided between the tube shell and the tube core, the steam cavity is filled with working fluid, and the tube shell material is stainless steel; The outer wall of the tube shell is provided with the thread structure area and the non-thread area.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, nuts and gaskets are provided at the threaded structure area and the power system joint, and the power system joint has a first power system joint and a second power system joint; the threaded structure area includes an evaporation section and an insulation section, the evaporation section is connected to the first power system joint and the second power system joint, and the rest of the threaded structure area except the evaporation section serves as an insulation section; the insulation section is connected to the non-threaded area serving as a condensation section.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, thermal conductive silicone grease is filled between the temperature difference self-energy extraction module and the non-threaded area.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the temperature difference self-energy extraction module includes a heat dissipation structure and an energy extraction structure, and the bolt-type high-strength heat pipe is sequentially provided with a connection structure, an energy extraction structure and a heat dissipation structure from the inside to the outside; The energy extraction structure includes a P-type semiconductor, an N-type semiconductor, an FPCB substrate, and a first copper foil; the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor are arranged on the FPCB substrate at intervals to form a PN junction, and the first copper foil connects the tops of the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor; The heat dissipation structure includes a second copper foil, heat dissipation fins and a high thermal conductivity elastomer. The high thermal conductivity elastomer is arranged on the outside of the top of the energy extraction structure. The heat dissipation fins are arranged on the high thermal conductivity elastomer. The high thermal conductivity elastomer is coated on the outside of the second copper foil. The lower surface of the second copper foil is connected to the first copper foil, and the upper surface is connected to the heat dissipation fins.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the bottom of the FPCB substrate is connected to the connection structure via an insulating tape, and the heat dissipation fins contain a low-temperature phase change material.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the P-type semiconductor is electrically connected to the FPCB substrate, the first copper foil and the second copper foil are connected by conductive silver paste, the bottom of the heat sink fin is soldered with a first copper foil of equal cross-section by solder paste and is encapsulated by a high thermal conductivity elastomer, the volume of the high thermal conductivity elastomer is larger than the first copper foil and their bottoms are flush.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the temperature difference self-energy extraction module includes a first temperature difference self-energy extraction module and a second temperature difference self-energy extraction module; the first temperature difference self-energy extraction module is the same as the second temperature difference self-energy extraction module; The first temperature difference self-energy extraction module and the second temperature difference self-energy extraction module are circumferentially symmetrically distributed on the non-threaded area; the first temperature difference self-energy extraction module and the second temperature difference self-energy extraction module are connected via a connecting structure; As a further improvement of the present invention, the connection structure includes a connection body, the material of the connection body is silicone rubber elastomer or PDMS, and the two ends of the connection body are respectively connected to one end of the FPCB substrate in the first temperature difference self-energy extraction module and the other end of the FPCB substrate in the second temperature difference self-energy extraction module; and small holes are provided at both ends of the FPCB substrate, and an S-shaped wire is used to form an electrical connection between the two ends.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, the first temperature difference self-energy extraction module, the second temperature difference self-energy extraction module, the connection structure, and the temperature monitoring circuit are equal to the length of the non-threaded area along the axial direction.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, the temperature monitoring circuit has an energy collection module, a data processing module, a Bluetooth module and a thermocouple temperature measurement module; The energy collection module is used to collect electric energy from the temperature difference self-energy collection module for use by the power consumption unit in the temperature monitoring circuit; the thermocouple temperature measurement module is used to measure the temperature and convert the temperature signal into a thermoelectromotive force signal; the data processing module is used to process and analyze the temperature data collected by the thermocouple temperature measurement module; the Bluetooth module is used to transmit the processed temperature data; The thermocouple temperature measurement module is connected to a thermocouple, and the thermocouple is connected to a temperature measurement point.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, the temperature monitoring circuit is arranged on one side of the temperature difference self-energy extraction module, and a heat insulation layer is arranged between the temperature monitoring circuit and the non-threaded area.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present invention, the temperature monitoring circuit includes a first chip and a second chip coupled to each other, the first chip is an energy harvesting micro-power management chip, the energy harvesting micro-power management chip includes a low-power boost charger, which is used to start when the input voltage is lower than a preset voltage value and perform maximum power point tracking; the second chip is a nanoampere power consumption energy harvesting power supply chip, the nanoampere power consumption energy harvesting power supply chip has a built-in low-loss full-wave bridge rectifier and a synchronous buck converter, which is used to start when the input voltage is higher than a preset voltage value and perform maximum power point tracking.

[0020] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for monitoring the temperature of a power system joint, comprising: The temperature difference self-energy module generates electricity based on the temperature difference at the power system joint; The voltage generated by the power generation difference supplies power to the temperature monitoring circuit; After the temperature monitoring circuit is started, the temperature at the power system joints is monitored.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this application are: This application utilizes the collaborative work of thermoelectric power generation and temperature monitoring circuits to achieve self-power supply and accurate temperature monitoring. The device uses a bolt-type high-strength heat pipe as the main structure. This design helps to tightly connect the device to the power system joint and ensure the accuracy of temperature monitoring. The threaded structure area and the non-threaded structure area of ​​the heat pipe respectively assume different functions. A temperature difference self-energy extraction module is distributed in the non-threaded area of ​​the main structure. The temperature difference self-energy extraction module uses thermoelectric power generation technology, namely the Seebeck effect, to convert the temperature difference at the power system joint into electrical energy. The electrical energy powers the temperature monitoring circuit, achieving the purpose of automatically detecting the temperature without external power supply. Therefore, this application achieves the purpose of small size, simple installation, and high reliability, and does not require an additional power supply to perform long-term and accurate temperature monitoring of the power system joint. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The drawings described herein are for explanation purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application in any way. In addition, the shapes and proportional dimensions of the components in the drawings are only for illustration purposes to help understand the present application and are not intended to specifically limit the shapes and proportional dimensions of the components in the present application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this application; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the temperature difference self-energy extraction module of this application; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the middle fin structure; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure in this application; Figure 5 for Figure 4 A perspective structural diagram of Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring circuit structure for this application; Figure 7 This is the circuit diagram of the energy harvesting module; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the installation location; Fig. 9 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the entire application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0024] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be the only embodiment.

[0025] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0026] like Figure 1As shown: A temperature monitoring device for self-energy extraction at a power system joint, including a main structure bolt-type high-strength heat pipe 5, the bolt-type high-strength heat pipe 5 has a threaded structure area 506 and a non-threaded area 501, and a nut 6 and a gasket 7 are provided at the joint with the power system, and the non-threaded area 501 is circumferentially symmetrically distributed with a first temperature difference self-energy extraction module 1 and a second temperature difference self-energy extraction module 3; a connection structure 4 is provided between the first temperature difference self-energy extraction module 1 and the second temperature difference self-energy extraction module 3, and the non-threaded area 501 is also circumferentially distributed with a temperature monitoring circuit 2.

[0027] The core principle of the temperature monitoring device at the joint of the power system disclosed in the present application is to use the cooperative work of temperature difference power generation, thermoelectric power generation and temperature monitoring circuit 2 to achieve self-power supply and accurate temperature monitoring. The device adopts a bolt-type high-strength heat pipe as the main structure. This design helps to closely connect the device with the power system joint and ensure the accuracy of temperature monitoring. The threaded structure area and the non-threaded structure area of ​​the heat pipe respectively assume different functions. The temperature difference self-energy extraction modules are symmetrically distributed in the non-threaded area of ​​the main structure. These modules use temperature difference power generation technology, that is, the Seebeck effect, to convert the temperature difference at the power system joint into electrical energy. The temperature difference self-energy extraction modules are interconnected by a connecting structure to form a complete energy collection system. This design allows the device to work without the need for an external power supply, thereby improving the self-sufficiency and reliability of the system. The temperature monitoring circuit 2 is also distributed circumferentially in the non-threaded area of ​​the main structure. These temperature monitoring circuits 2 are electrically connected to the temperature difference self-energy extraction modules, and the collected electrical energy is used for temperature monitoring. The temperature monitoring circuit 2 may include a thermocouple temperature measurement module such as MCP9600, which can be connected to a K-type thermocouple for temperature monitoring and provide high-precision temperature readings.

[0028] In order to efficiently manage and use the electric energy collected by the temperature difference self-energy module, the device may also include an energy management chip such as BQ25570, which is a low-voltage, high-efficiency energy management circuit with programmable power tracking MPPT function, BOOST boost function and BUCK buck function, suitable for energy management of microwatt to milliwatt power.

[0029] The temperature monitoring device at the joint of the power system realizes the long-term and accurate temperature monitoring function by integrating the temperature difference self-energy extraction technology and the accurate temperature monitoring circuit 2. At the same time, it has the characteristics of small size, simple installation and high reliability.

[0030] like Fig. 9 As shown, the bolt-type high-strength heat pipe 5 is a capillary heat pipe, which is composed of a tube shell 504, a tube core 503, a steam chamber 505, a working fluid 502, etc., and the tube shell material is high-strength stainless steel, thereby ensuring the strength of the connection at the joint.

[0031] like Figure 1 and Fig. 9 As shown, the threaded structure area 506 includes an evaporation section and an insulation section; the evaporation section is connected to the first power system connector 8 and the second power system connector 9, so as to ensure that the device can achieve heat transfer from the power system connector to the temperature difference self-energy device at any installation angle. The non-threaded area 501 is a condensation section, so as to facilitate connection with the first temperature difference self-energy module 1 and the second temperature difference self-energy module 3. The embodiment of the present invention mainly takes the first temperature difference self-energy module 1 and the second temperature difference self-energy module 3 as examples, mainly considering the structural symmetry and installation convenience. In order to achieve temperature difference self-energy, it is also possible to set up one temperature difference self-energy module or multiple temperature difference self-energy modules.

[0032] The thread structure area 506 is an adiabatic section except for the evaporation section, and the non-thread area 501 is a condensation section. The adiabatic section is connected to the non-thread area 501 serving as the condensation section.

[0033] Among them, the evaporation section is the area that absorbs heat and evaporates. When the evaporation section is affected by external heat, the working medium here is heated and evaporated, and the gas pressure rises rapidly after evaporation. This process is spontaneous, does not require the assistance of other components, and does not consume other energy. As long as there is a temperature difference, heat can be transferred. The adiabatic section is located between the evaporation section and the condensation section. Its main function is to reduce heat loss in the process of steam flowing from the evaporation section to the condensation section. The temperature of the condensation section is lower than that of the evaporation section, and the steam releases heat and condenses into liquid. After encountering heat, the working fluid in the evaporation section of the heat pipe absorbs heat and evaporates, and releases heat and condenses in the condensation section. This process is spontaneous. The coordinated work of these three parts enables the heat pipe to transfer heat efficiently without the need for external energy input.

[0034] like Figure 3 As shown, the first temperature difference self-energy extraction module 1 and the second temperature difference self-energy extraction module 3 are completely consistent, and are filled with thermal conductive silicone grease between the non-threaded area 501. The first temperature difference self-energy extraction module 1 and the second temperature difference self-energy extraction module 3 are provided to reduce interference. If there is only one energy extraction module, the temperature monitoring circuit 2 will be arranged together with the connection structure 4. The connection structure needs to be stretched first when assembled to the non-threaded area, which may interfere with the temperature monitoring circuit 2.

[0035] They are composed of a heat dissipation structure and an energy extraction structure 103. The energy extraction structure 103 includes a P-type semiconductor 106, an N-type semiconductor 108, an FPCB substrate 107, a first copper foil 105, and a heat dissipation structure including a second copper foil 104, heat dissipation fins 102, and a high thermal conductivity elastomer 101. For example, the material of the P-type semiconductor 106 and the N-type semiconductor 108 is Bi2Te3.

[0036] In the above scheme, the energy extraction structure is composed of a P-type semiconductor 106 and an N-type semiconductor 108, which are arranged at intervals on the FPCB substrate 107. When current passes through a loop composed of these two semiconductors, the Peltier effect occurs, that is, at the joints of different conductors, heat absorption and heat release phenomena will occur with the different directions of the current. When the current passes from the N-type semiconductor through the P-type semiconductor, the electric field causes the electrons in the N and the holes in the P to flow in the opposite direction, and the energy generated comes from the thermal energy of the crystal, thereby absorbing heat at the joint and releasing heat at the other end. By controlling the current, the function of absorbing heat at one end and releasing heat at the other end can be achieved for heat dissipation or cooling.

[0037] Furthermore, the first copper foil 105 connects the top of the P-type semiconductor 106 and the N-type semiconductor 108, and plays the role of conducting and dissipating heat. It can quickly conduct away the heat generated by the semiconductor and ensure the smooth flow of current.

[0038] Furthermore, the high thermal conductivity elastomer 101 is arranged on the outside of the top of the energy extraction structure to play a role of filling and heat conduction. It can effectively conduct the heat generated by the energy extraction structure to the heat dissipation fins 102. The elastic properties of the high thermal conductivity elastomer enable it to adapt to the heat dissipation requirements of different shapes and sizes while ensuring good thermal conductivity.

[0039] In the above solution, the heat dissipation fins 102 are arranged on the high thermal conductivity elastic body 101 to improve the heat dissipation efficiency by increasing the surface area. The shape and arrangement of the fins can enhance the air flow, thereby improving the effect of convective heat transfer.

[0040] Furthermore, the lower surface of the second copper foil 104 is connected to the first copper foil 105, and the upper surface is connected to the heat sink 102. It acts as a bridge, transferring the heat generated by the energy extraction structure to the heat sink fins through the high thermal conductivity elastomer, and then dissipating it into the air.

[0041] As an example, when the semiconductor element in the energy-taking structure is working, heat is generated. This heat is conducted to the second copper foil through the first copper foil, and then to the heat sink fins through the high thermal conductivity elastomer. The heat sink fins improve the heat dissipation efficiency by increasing the surface area and enhancing air flow. When air flows through the fins, it takes away the heat on the fins, thereby achieving the purpose of heat dissipation. As a thermal interface material, the high thermal conductivity elastomer can effectively fill the gap between the electronic components and the radiator, exclude the air therein, establish an effective heat conduction channel, greatly reduce the contact thermal resistance, and improve the heat dissipation efficiency.

[0042] The heat dissipation fins contain a low-temperature phase change material made of paraffin, SBS, and CNTs. The embodiment of the present invention provides a specific solution. According to the mass ratio, paraffin: SBS: CNTs = 60~80: 20~30: the mass of paraffin accounts for 1% of the total mass. Preferably, paraffin: SBS: CNTs = 70: 30: the mass of paraffin accounts for 1% of the total mass. The phase change material can absorb heat and keep the temperature unchanged when the phase change occurs, thereby maximizing the temperature difference between the cold and hot ends.

[0043] An insulating tape is bonded to the bottom of the FPCB substrate 107 to prevent the current of the power line connector from interfering with the device.

[0044] like Figure 3 As shown, the P-type semiconductor 106 is soldered to the FPCB substrate 107 through solder paste, the first copper foil 105 and the second copper foil 104 are completely consistent and connected through conductive silver paste, and the bottom of the heat sink 102 is soldered with a first copper foil 105 of equal cross-section through solder paste and is encapsulated by a high thermal conductivity elastomer 101. The volume of the high thermal conductivity elastomer 101 silicone rubber or PDMS mixed with liquid metal or metal particles or CNTs is larger than the first copper foil 105 and their bottoms are flush.

[0045] The lower surface of the second copper foil 104 is connected to the first copper foil 105, and the upper surface is connected to the heat dissipation fin 102, which plays a role in heat transfer. The heat dissipation fin 102 is directly connected to the first copper foil 105. The method that can be used is to first produce the heat dissipation structure, and the second copper foil 104 serves as a bridge connecting the heat dissipation structure and the energy extraction structure. Conductive silver paste or solder paste can be used to connect these parts.

[0046] The first temperature difference self-energy extraction module 1 , the second temperature difference self-energy extraction module 3 , the connection structure 4 , and the temperature monitoring circuit 2 are equal in length to the non-threaded area 501 .

[0047] like Figure 4 As shown, the connection structure 4 includes a connection body 402, whose material is silicone rubber elastomer or PDMS, which is connected to the two ends 401 and 403 of the FPCB substrate 107. In addition, small holes 404 are drilled at the two ends 401 and 403 of the FPCB substrate 107 to improve the connection strength. They are electrically connected through an S-shaped wire 405, so that the self-energy extraction module can adapt to different diameters and be tightly connected to the evaporation section of the heat pipe.

[0048] As an example, in the design and manufacturing process of FPCB flexible printed circuit boards, improving the connection strength is an important consideration. Small holes are drilled at both ends of the FPCB substrate. Such a design can improve the connection strength. By drilling holes at both ends of the FPCB substrate, the FPCB can be fixed to other structures through these small holes, such as using fasteners such as rivets or screws. Such a mechanical connection can significantly improve the connection strength between the FPCB and other components, ensuring that the circuit board will not fall off or shift when subjected to external forces or vibrations. The drilled holes can serve as heat dissipation channels to help disperse and export the heat generated when the FPCB is working, thereby reducing local temperatures and improving the thermal stability and reliability of the entire system. During the soldering process, these small holes can be used to transfer solder to ensure that the solder joints are fully filled and firmly connected. The solder can flow through the small holes to the other side of the FPCB to form a stronger mechanical and electrical connection. During the manufacture and use of the FPCB, stress concentration may occur. By drilling holes at both ends, a path for stress release can be provided, reducing stress concentration, thereby improving the overall stability and durability of the FPCB. In a multi-layer FPCB, the drilled holes can be used as through holes to achieve electrical connections between layers through processes such as electroplating. This interlayer connection can improve the mechanical and electrical performance of the entire FPCB.

[0049] like Figure 7 As shown, the temperature monitoring circuit 2 has an energy collection module BQ25570 and LTC3108-1. The two chips work together to maximize the energy conversion efficiency under different thermoelectric input voltages. Secondly, the monitoring circuit also includes a thermocouple temperature measurement module MCP9600, which can be connected to a K-type thermocouple for temperature monitoring, breaking through the temperature measurement distance limitation of traditional thermistors. Finally, the monitoring circuit also includes a Bluetooth module that can perform wireless data interaction with smart terminals such as mobile phones.

[0050] Among them, the temperature monitoring circuit 2 is a system that integrates multiple functions, aiming to improve energy conversion efficiency and realize remote temperature monitoring. Through the collaborative work of these modules, the entire monitoring circuit realizes the complete functions from energy collection to temperature monitoring and then to wireless data transmission, making temperature monitoring more flexible and efficient.

[0051] Specifically, the temperature monitoring circuit 2 has an energy collection module, a data processing module, a Bluetooth module and a thermocouple temperature measurement module. The energy collection module is responsible for collecting energy from the power system connector, which may be inductively obtained through a current transformer or other methods for use by the temperature monitoring circuit. This method can achieve self-powered power without replacing batteries, reducing maintenance costs and workload. The data processing module collects temperature data from the thermocouple temperature measurement module. It may include functions such as signal amplification, analog-to-digital conversion, data storage and preliminary analysis to ensure the accuracy and availability of the data. The Bluetooth module is used to wirelessly transmit processed temperature data to a monitoring system or other equipment. This allows remote monitoring and data analysis, improving the flexibility and response speed of the system.

[0052] Thermocouple temperature measurement module is a temperature sensing element that directly measures temperature and converts temperature signals into thermoelectric potential signals. It uses the Seebeck effect, that is, two conductors of different materials form a closed loop. When there is a temperature gradient at both ends, current will flow through the loop. At this time, there is an electromotive force between the two ends - thermoelectric potential. The design of this self-powered temperature monitoring device allows real-time monitoring of the temperature at the joints of the power system without relying on an external power supply, and data transmission through a Bluetooth module, thereby achieving remote monitoring and timely warning to ensure the safe operation of the power system.

[0053] As an optional solution, the temperature monitoring circuit 2 includes a first chip and a second chip. The first chip is an energy harvesting micro-power management chip, which includes an ultra-low power boost charger for starting when the input voltage is as low as 330mV, and can also perform maximum power point tracking MPPT; the second chip is a nano-power energy harvesting power supply chip with a built-in low-loss full-wave bridge rectifier and a synchronous buck converter, which is used to transfer energy from an input storage device to the output to generate a stable voltage that supports a load of up to 100mA, and its input voltage is as low as 20mV.

[0054] As an example, the energy harvesting module can be composed of the BQ25570 chip and the LTC3108-1 chip. The BQ25570 is a highly integrated energy harvesting micropower management chip that can efficiently obtain and manage microwatt to milliwatt power from various DC sources. It contains an ultra-low power boost charger that can start with an input voltage as low as 330mV, and the hot start input voltage can be further reduced to 100mV, at which time the voltage of the energy storage unit (ESU) must be greater than 1.8V. In addition, the BQ25570 also has a maximum power point tracking MPPT function to provide optimal energy extraction from a variety of energy harvesting devices. The LTC3108-1 is a nano-power energy harvesting power chip optimized for high impedance sources such as piezoelectric sensors. It has a built-in low-loss full-wave bridge rectifier and a high-efficiency synchronous buck converter to transfer energy from an input storage device to the output to generate a regulated voltage that can support up to 100mA load, and its input voltage is as low as 20mV.

[0055] As an example, the thermocouple temperature measurement module MCP9600 is a fully integrated thermocouple EMF to Celsius converter with integrated cold junction compensation. It supports 8 types of thermocouples K, J, T, N, S, E, B and R, which increases design flexibility for various temperature detection applications. MCP9600 communicates with the main control chip through the I2C interface, and obtains corresponding data according to the I2C interface timing, device address and register address. The working principle of the thermocouple is based on the Seebeck effect, that is, when different temperatures are applied to the junction of two different metals, a voltage will be generated between the metals and a current will pass through. This phenomenon is named "Seebeck effect" after the discoverer.

[0056] As an example, the Bluetooth module allows the monitoring circuit to exchange data wirelessly with smart terminals such as mobile phones. The working principle of the Bluetooth module is to use radio waves to transmit data. It uses a special Bluetooth protocol to achieve wireless data transmission. The Bluetooth module can transmit data to another device at high speed and can transmit data over a shorter distance. Bluetooth technology achieves efficient and low-power wireless data transmission and connection between devices through the collaborative work of the physical layer (PHY) and the link layer (LL), as well as a communication mechanism based on a master-slave relationship.

[0057] like Figure 6 As shown, the temperature monitoring circuit 2 and the first temperature difference self-energy extraction module 1 and the second temperature difference self-energy extraction module 3 are located on the same FPCB 107 , and an insulation layer 109 is provided between the temperature monitoring circuit 2 and the non-threaded area 501 .

[0058] like Figure 7As shown, a new compact DC-DC conversion circuit (based on LTC3108 and BQ25507) is disclosed to obtain high conversion efficiency (50.2%@100mV), and allows low self-start input voltage (20mV) and stable output voltage (such as 3.375V) respectively. The input interface of LTC3108 and BQ25570 is connected to the temperature difference self-energy module (1, 3). The Vout interface of LTC3108 (set to 3.7V) is connected to ESU, and Vout2 is connected to the gate of MOS transistor Q2. When the ESU voltage is greater than 3.43V, MOS transistor Q2 is turned on, and ESU can provide a 3.3V output voltage to the back-end circuit through the buck circuit of BQ25570. It is worth noting that the maximum charging voltage of ESU (Energy storage unit, referred to as ESU) is set to 3.7V through LTC3108 and 5.4V through BQ25570. When the ESU voltage exceeds 3.7V, the system will cut off the LTC3108 and only allow the BQ25570 to work. When the ESU voltage is lower than 3.7V and the output voltage of the WTEG is greater than 20mV, the LTC3108 will continue to work. Therefore, the designed composite DC-DC conversion circuit not only maintains high efficiency when the input voltage is greater than 100mV, but also allows self-starting input voltage as low as 20mV.

[0059] like Figure 8 As shown, when used, the self-powered temperature monitoring device at the power system joint is installed at the first position 01, and the ordinary bolt is installed at the second position 02, so as to ensure the connection strength. Since the bolt-type high-strength heat pipe 5 is a capillary heat pipe, and the evaporation section is connected to the power system joint, the invention can realize the transfer of heat from the power system joint to the temperature difference self-energy device at any installation angle. When the voltage of the energy storage battery or capacitor reaches a certain threshold, it starts to supply power to the back-end circuit, and then starts to collect the temperature at the joint and transmit the data wirelessly to the terminal.

[0060] The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for monitoring the temperature of a power system joint, comprising: Obtaining the measured temperatures of the first temperature difference self-energy extraction module 1 and the second temperature difference self-energy extraction module 3; The temperature monitoring circuit obtains the measured temperatures of the first temperature difference self-energy acquisition module 1 and the second temperature difference self-energy acquisition module 3, generates electricity using temperature difference, converts the heat on the heat pipe into electrical energy, and provides energy for the temperature monitoring circuit.

[0061] The monitoring method of the present invention relates to the combined application of thermoelectric power generation technology and temperature monitoring technology. The method uses a first thermoelectric self-energy extraction module and a second thermoelectric self-energy extraction module installed on the heat pipe to convert the heat on the heat pipe into electrical energy using the thermoelectric power generation principle, thereby providing energy for the temperature monitoring circuit. At the same time, the temperature monitoring circuit obtains the measured temperatures of the two thermoelectric self-energy extraction modules to achieve real-time monitoring of the temperature of the power system joints. Thermoelectric power generation is based on the thermoelectric effect, that is, when two conductors (or semiconductors) of different materials are connected into a closed loop and there is a temperature difference at the two joints, a thermoelectric electromotive force will be generated in the loop.

[0062] In the present invention, the first temperature difference self-energy extraction module and the second temperature difference self-energy extraction module are made of different thermoelectric materials, respectively, and are installed in the non-threaded area of ​​the heat pipe to form a temperature difference power generation circuit. When the heat pipe is heated, the heat on it will cause a temperature difference between the first temperature difference self-energy extraction module and the second temperature difference self-energy extraction module, thereby stimulating the thermoelectric effect and generating electrical energy. The temperature monitoring circuit uses the electrical energy obtained from the temperature difference self-energy extraction module to work. The circuit includes a temperature sensor (which may be integrated in the temperature difference self-energy extraction module or as an independent component) for measuring the measured temperature of the first temperature difference self-energy extraction module and the second temperature difference self-energy extraction module. The temperature sensor converts the measured temperature into an electrical signal, and processes and records it through the temperature monitoring circuit to achieve real-time monitoring of the temperature of the power system joint.

[0063] The core of this method is to achieve self-energy extraction, that is, to use the heat on the heat pipe to provide energy for the temperature monitoring circuit in a self-sufficient manner. Through the principle of temperature difference power generation, the first temperature difference self-energy extraction module and the second temperature difference self-energy extraction module can convert the heat on the heat pipe into electrical energy, avoiding dependence on an external power supply. This self-energy extraction method not only improves the reliability and stability of the system, but also realizes real-time monitoring of the joint temperature and self-energy supply by combining temperature difference power generation technology and temperature monitoring technology. This method not only improves the accuracy and reliability of temperature monitoring, but also reduces dependence on external power supplies, providing a strong guarantee for the safe operation of the power system.

[0064] Many embodiments and many applications beyond the examples provided will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the above description. Therefore, the scope of the present teachings should not be determined with reference to the above description, but rather with reference to the preceding claims and the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. For the purpose of comprehensiveness, all articles and references, including disclosures of patent applications and publications, are incorporated herein by reference. The omission of any aspect of the subject matter disclosed herein in the preceding claims is not intended to be a disclaimer of such subject matter, nor should it be considered that the applicants did not consider such subject matter to be part of the disclosed inventive subject matter.

[0065] The above content is a further detailed description of the present application. It cannot be determined that the specific implementation methods of the present application are limited to these. For ordinary technicians in the technical field to which the present application belongs, they can make several simple deductions or substitutions without departing from the concept of the present application, which should be deemed to belong to the scope of protection determined by the submitted claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A temperature monitoring device for self-powered power supply at a power system joint, characterized in that: The invention comprises a bolt-type high-strength heat pipe (5) as a main structure, the bolt-type high-strength heat pipe having a threaded structure area (506) and a non-threaded area (501), the non-threaded area (501) being provided with a temperature difference self-energy extraction module; the non-threaded area (501) is also provided with a temperature monitoring circuit (2) distributed circumferentially, the temperature monitoring circuit (2) being electrically connected to the temperature difference self-energy extraction module; the temperature difference self-energy extraction module having a PN junction, for generating electricity according to the temperature difference self-energy extraction, the voltage generated by the power generation difference being used to supply power to the temperature monitoring circuit (2), and the temperature monitoring circuit (2) performing temperature monitoring; the threaded structure area (506) is connected to a joint of a power system.

2. According to claim 1, a temperature monitoring device for self-collecting energy at a power system joint, characterized in that: The bolt-type high-strength heat pipe (5) is a capillary heat pipe, comprising a tube shell (504) and a tube core (503); the tube shell (504) is sleeved outside the tube core (503); a steam cavity (505) is provided between the tube shell (504) and the tube core (503); the steam cavity (505) is filled with a working fluid (502); and the tube shell is made of stainless steel; The outer wall of the tube shell (504) is provided with the thread structure area (506) and the non-thread area (501).

3. According to claim 1, a temperature monitoring device for self-collecting energy at a power system joint, characterized in that: The threaded structure area (506) and the power system joint are provided with a nut (6) and a gasket (7), and the power system joint comprises a first power system joint (8) and a second power system joint (9); the threaded structure area (506) comprises an evaporation section and an insulation section, the evaporation section is connected to the first power system joint (8) and the second power system joint (9), and the rest of the threaded structure area (506) except the evaporation section serves as an insulation section; the insulation section is connected to the non-threaded area (501) serving as a condensation section.

4. According to claim 1, a temperature monitoring device for self-powered power supply at a power system joint, characterized in that: Thermal conductive silicone grease is filled between the temperature difference self-energy extraction module and the non-threaded area (501).

5. According to claim 1, a temperature monitoring device for self-powered power supply at a power system joint, characterized in that: The temperature difference self-energy extraction module comprises a heat dissipation structure and an energy extraction structure (103), and the bolt-type high-strength heat pipe (5) is provided with a connection structure (4), an energy extraction structure (103) and a heat dissipation structure in sequence from the inside to the outside; The energy extraction structure (103) comprises a P-type semiconductor (106), an N-type semiconductor (108), an FPCB substrate (107), and a first copper foil (105); the P-type semiconductor (106) and the N-type semiconductor (108) are arranged on the FPCB substrate (107) at intervals to form a PN junction, and the first copper foil (105) is connected to the tops of the P-type semiconductor (106) and the N-type semiconductor (108); The heat dissipation structure comprises a second copper foil (104), a heat dissipation fin (102) and a high thermal conductivity elastomer (101); the high thermal conductivity elastomer (101) is arranged on the outside of the top of the energy extraction structure (103); the heat dissipation fin (102) is arranged on the high thermal conductivity elastomer (101); the high thermal conductivity elastomer (101) is coated on the outside of the second copper foil (104); the lower surface of the second copper foil (104) is connected to the first copper foil (105), and the upper surface is connected to the heat dissipation fin (102).

6. A temperature monitoring device for self-powered energy extraction at a power system joint according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom of the FPCB substrate (107) is connected to the connection structure (4) via an insulating tape, and the heat dissipation fins (102) contain a low-temperature phase change material.

7. A temperature monitoring device for self-powered power supply at a power system joint according to claim 5, characterized in that: The P-type semiconductor (106) is electrically connected to the FPCB substrate (107); the first copper foil (105) and the second copper foil (104) are connected via conductive silver paste; the bottom of the heat sink (102) is soldered with a first copper foil (105) of equal cross-section via solder paste and is encapsulated by a high thermal conductivity elastomer (101); the volume of the high thermal conductivity elastomer (101) is larger than that of the first copper foil (105) and their bottoms are flush.

8. A temperature monitoring device for self-powered energy extraction at a power system joint according to claim 5, characterized in that: The temperature difference self-energy extraction module comprises a first temperature difference self-energy extraction module (1) and a second temperature difference self-energy extraction module (3); the first temperature difference self-energy extraction module (1) is the same as the second temperature difference self-energy extraction module (3); The first temperature difference self-energy extraction module (1) and the second temperature difference self-energy extraction module (3) are circumferentially symmetrically distributed on the non-threaded area (501); the first temperature difference self-energy extraction module (1) and the second temperature difference self-energy extraction module (3) are connected via a connection structure (4).

9. A temperature monitoring device for self-collecting energy at a power system joint according to claim 8, characterized in that: The connection structure (4) comprises a connection body (402), the material of the connection body (402) being a silicone rubber elastomer or PDMS, and the two ends of the connection body (402) being respectively connected to one end (40) of the FPCB substrate (107) in the first temperature difference self-energy extraction module (1) and the other end (403) of the FPCB substrate (107) in the second temperature difference self-energy extraction module (3); and both ends (401, 403) of the FPCB substrate (107) are provided with small holes (404), and the two ends (401, 403) are electrically connected via an S-shaped wire (405).

10. A temperature monitoring device for self-powered energy extraction at a power system joint according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first temperature difference self-energy extraction module (1), the second temperature difference self-energy extraction module (3), the connection structure (4), and the temperature monitoring circuit (2) are equal in length along the axial direction to the non-threaded area (501).

11. A temperature monitoring device for self-powered power supply at a power system joint according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature monitoring circuit (2) comprises an energy collection module, a data processing module, a Bluetooth module and a thermocouple temperature measurement module; The energy collection module is used to collect electric energy from the temperature difference self-energy collection module for use by the power consumption unit in the temperature monitoring circuit (2); the thermocouple temperature measurement module is used to measure the temperature and convert the temperature signal into a thermoelectromotive force signal; the data processing module is used to process and analyze the temperature data collected by the thermocouple temperature measurement module; the Bluetooth module is used to transmit the processed temperature data; The thermocouple temperature measurement module is connected to a thermocouple, and the thermocouple is connected to a temperature measurement point.

12. A temperature monitoring device for self-powered power supply at a power system joint according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature monitoring circuit (2) is arranged on one side of the temperature difference self-energy extraction module, and a heat insulation layer (109) is arranged between the temperature monitoring circuit (2) and the non-threaded area (501).

13. A temperature monitoring device for self-powered power supply at a power system joint according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature monitoring circuit (2) comprises a first chip and a second chip which are coupled to each other, the first chip being an energy collection micro-power consumption management chip, the energy collection micro-power consumption management chip comprising a low-power consumption boost charger, which is used to start when the input voltage is lower than a preset voltage value and perform maximum power point tracking; The second chip is a nanopower energy harvesting power supply chip. The nanopower energy harvesting power supply chip has a built-in low-loss full-wave bridge rectifier and a synchronous buck converter, which is used to start when the input voltage is higher than the preset voltage value and perform maximum power point tracking.

14. A method for monitoring the temperature of a power system joint, characterized in that: include: The temperature difference self-energy module generates electricity based on the temperature difference at the power system joint; The voltage generated by the power generation difference supplies power to the temperature monitoring circuit (2); After the temperature monitoring circuit (2) is started, the temperature at the power system joint is monitored.

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