Reflection-type optical fiber sensing system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, and discloses a reflection-type optical fiber sensing system, which comprises a granary for storing materials, and is characterized in that a preformed hole is formed in the middle of the granary for mounting the optical fiber sensing system; the collecting and processing mechanism is arranged in the granary and used for collecting and processing data in the granary, the collecting and processing mechanism comprises an optical fiber convergence box, and an interface of the optical fiber convergence box is fixedly connected with a first optical fiber and a second optical fiber through two sets of connectors; the ends, away from the optical fiber convergence box, of the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber are fixedly connected with an optical fiber reflector. According to the invention, by optimizing the optical fiber laying path and introducing a signal closed-loop design and a data fusion technology, the signal transmission efficiency, the measurement precision and the system stability of the optical fiber sensing system in a complex environment are improved, and high-precision temperature monitoring is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to a reflective optical fiber sensing system. Background Art

[0002] Fiber optic sensing technology is widely used in real-time monitoring of various environmental parameters such as temperature, pressure, and stress. Based on the transmission characteristics of optical fiber, this technology can achieve high sensitivity and long-distance perception by detecting and analyzing changes in optical signals. Fiber optic sensing systems usually consist of light sources, fiber optic sensors, signal receivers, and data processing units. Its advantages are anti-electromagnetic interference, adaptability to harsh environments, and the ability to be flexibly deployed in complex pipelines and spaces. It is widely used in industrial fields such as petroleum, chemical, and electric power.

[0003] The existing fiber optic sensing system can realize real-time monitoring of environmental parameters such as temperature through fiber optic transmission, and has the advantages of long-distance transmission, anti-interference, and high temperature resistance. The traditional fiber optic sensing system has been widely used in distributed temperature monitoring systems by deploying multiple sensor nodes to monitor environmental changes in a distributed manner. The principle is usually to use the characteristics of optical signal transmission in optical fiber. When the optical fiber is affected by temperature changes, the reflection or attenuation of the optical fiber changes, thereby reflecting the temperature changes.

[0004] However, existing fiber optic sensing systems often face long signal transmission paths, high losses, and limitations on the fiber bending radius in complex environments, making it difficult for the sensing system to work efficiently in small spaces or complex pipelines. In addition, traditional layout methods make it difficult to avoid signal attenuation and sensor data loss during fiber optic transmission, affecting the accuracy and reliability of the system. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a reflective fiber optic sensing system, which solves the problems of reduced measurement accuracy and poor system stability caused by the long fiber optic laying path, limited bending radius and large signal transmission loss in the existing fiber optic sensing system in complex environments.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A reflective optical fiber sensing system, comprising: A granary is used to store materials. A reserved hole is provided in the middle of the granary for installing the optical fiber sensing system. A collection and processing mechanism is arranged inside the granary and is used to collect and process data inside the granary. The collection and processing mechanism includes an optical fiber convergence box. An optical fiber 1 and an optical fiber 2 are respectively fixedly connected to the interface of the optical fiber convergence box through two groups of connectors. An optical fiber reflector is fixedly connected to one end of the optical fiber 1 and the optical fiber 2 away from the optical fiber convergence box. A pipe sleeve is fixedly connected to the inside of the granary. The optical fiber reflector is fixedly connected to the inside of the pipe sleeve. The optical fiber reflector is used to reflect the signal transmitted by the optical fiber 1 and recover the reflected signal through the optical fiber 2 to form a signal closed loop. The receiving and displaying mechanism is arranged outside the granary and is used for receiving and displaying the data processed by the collecting and processing mechanism.

[0007] Preferably, the receiving and display mechanism also includes a pipe, which is arranged between the optical fiber convergence box and the receiving and display mechanism, and is used to connect the collection and processing mechanism and the receiving and display mechanism. The side of the pipe away from the granary is fixedly connected to a terminal box, the other side of the terminal box is fixedly connected to an optical cable, and the other end of the optical cable is fixedly connected to a temperature measuring host.

[0008] Preferably, the collection and processing mechanism also includes a reinforcing steel wire, which is fixedly connected to the outside of the tube sleeve. The reinforcing steel wire makes the tube sleeve deformable, preventing the optical fiber 1 and the optical fiber 2 in the tube sleeve from being broken or damaged due to external stretching, and at the same time provides pressure protection for the tube sleeve.

[0009] Preferably, a weak-current bridge is fixedly connected to the outside of the granary, and the optical cable is arranged in the middle of the weak-current bridge. The weak-current bridge is used to guide the laying of the optical cable and provide support and fixation for the optical cable to ensure the stability of the transmission path.

[0010] Preferably, the fiber optic reflector is made of a fiber optic mirror material with high reflectivity to ensure the strength of the reflected signal.

[0011] Preferably, the acquisition and processing mechanism further includes a data fusion module, which is used to analyze and merge signals from different optical fibers and output comprehensive data for subsequent temperature or environmental parameter calculations.

[0012] Preferably, the data fusion module fuses the collected multiple signals through a weighted average algorithm, and the fusion process is implemented by the following formula: T 综合 =α·T 光纤 +β·T 外部传感器 Among them, T 光纤 is the temperature data collected by the optical fiber, T 外部传感器 is the environmental data measured by the external sensor, and α and β are the preset weight coefficients.

[0013] Preferably, the acquisition and processing mechanism further includes a path optimization module for calculating the optimal layout path of optical fiber 1 and optical fiber 2, minimizing the loss of optical fiber 1 and optical fiber 2 during signal transmission and meeting the minimum bending radius requirement. The path optimization module uses an ant colony algorithm to calculate the optical fiber layout path, and the objective function of the ant colony algorithm is: Among them, L i is the path length, Bj is the bending loss, and λ is the weight coefficient.

[0014] Preferably, the acquisition and processing mechanism also includes a dynamic feedback and real-time correction module, which is used to adjust the dynamic feedback and real-time path of the layout of optical fiber 1 and optical fiber 2 according to real-time measurement data and geometric mapping data. The correction module collects pipeline geometric data based on laser scanning technology and uses the least squares method to fit and calculate the path adjustment error.

[0015] Preferably, an embedded processor is provided inside the optical fiber convergence box for real-time processing and correction of signal data from optical fiber one and optical fiber two, and providing the processed signal to the temperature measurement host for display.

[0016] The present invention provides a reflective optical fiber sensing system, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention realizes high-precision temperature or environmental parameter collection through fiber optic reflectors and signal closed-loop design, ensuring long-distance and high-stability sensing performance. The use of signal reflection and recovery technology reduces the loss in the signal transmission process to a minimum, thereby improving the measurement accuracy and system stability.

[0017] 2. The present invention uses the real-time data processing and correction capabilities of the embedded processor to enable the system to adapt to different environmental conditions, adjust and output high-precision temperature data in real time. This design enhances the adaptability and intelligence of the system and meets the needs of accurate measurement in complex environments.

[0018] 3. The present invention optimizes the fiber layout path and fuses the data of multiple signal sources through the combination of data fusion and path optimization modules, thus minimizing signal loss and providing more reliable data output. This module improves the processing capacity of the overall system and ensures stable operation in complex environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 A perspective view of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a plan view of the optical fiber aggregation box of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic plan view of the optical fiber reflector of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a plan view schematic diagram of the reinforcing steel wire of the present invention.

[0020] Among them, 1. granary; 2. reserved holes; 3. piping; 4. terminal box; 5. weak-current bridge; 6. optical cable; 7. temperature measuring host; 8. optical fiber convergence box; 9. pipe sleeve; 10. optical fiber one; 11. optical fiber two; 12. optical fiber reflector; 13. joint; 14. reinforcing steel wire; 20. collection and processing mechanism; 30. receiving and display mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the specification of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 -Attached Figure 4 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a reflective optical fiber sensing system, comprising: Granary 1 is used to store materials. A reserved hole 2 is provided in the middle of the granary 1 for installing the optical fiber sensing system. By providing the reserved hole 2, the installation of other mechanisms is allowed, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the sensing system line. The collection and processing mechanism 20 is arranged inside the granary 1 and is used to collect and process the data inside the granary 1. The collection and processing mechanism 20 includes an optical fiber convergence box 8. The interface of the optical fiber convergence box 8 is fixedly connected to an optical fiber 10 and an optical fiber 2 11 through two sets of connectors 13. An optical fiber reflector 12 is fixedly connected to the end of the optical fiber 10 and the optical fiber 2 11 away from the optical fiber convergence box 8. A pipe sleeve 9 is fixedly connected to the inside of the granary 1. The optical fiber reflector 12 is fixedly connected to the inside of the pipe sleeve 9. The optical fiber reflector 12 is used to reflect the signal transmitted by the optical fiber 10 and recover the reflected signal through the optical fiber 2 11 to form a signal closed loop. The collection and processing mechanism 20 enables the system to collect environmental data such as temperature and ensure the closed-loop transmission of the signal through the reflective optical fiber structure. The configuration of the optical fiber reflector 12 effectively avoids the problem that the optical fiber 10 cannot transmit the signal back in a small space, thereby improving the stability of the system and the reliability of the signal. The receiving and displaying mechanism 30 is arranged on the outside of the granary 1, and is used for receiving and displaying the data processed by the collecting and processing mechanism 20. Through the receiving and displaying mechanism 30 and the temperature measuring host 7, the system can realize the real-time display and effective analysis of the temperature data, and help the user to adjust and monitor the internal environment of the granary 1 in time, thereby improving the intelligence and automation level of the management of the granary 1.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the receiving and displaying mechanism 30 also includes a piping 3, which is arranged between the optical fiber convergence box 8 and the receiving and displaying mechanism 30, and is used to connect the collecting and processing mechanism 20 and the receiving and displaying mechanism 30. The side of the piping 3 away from the granary 1 is fixedly connected to a terminal box 4, and the other side of the terminal box 4 is fixedly connected to an optical cable 6, and the other end of the optical cable 6 is fixedly connected to a temperature measuring host 7. Through the receiving and displaying mechanism 30 and the temperature measuring host 7, the system can realize real-time display and effective analysis of temperature data, help users to timely adjust and monitor the internal environment of the granary 1, and improve the intelligence and automation level of the management of the granary 1.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the acquisition and processing mechanism 20 also includes a reinforcing steel wire 14, which is fixedly connected to the outside of the tube sleeve 9. The reinforcing steel wire 14 makes the tube sleeve 9 deformable, thereby preventing the optical fiber 10 and the optical fiber 2 11 in the tube sleeve 9 from being broken or damaged due to external stretching, and at the same time provides pressure protection for the tube sleeve 9. By adding the reinforcing steel wire 14 to the outside of the tube sleeve 9, the stability of the tube sleeve 9 in the face of external force is enhanced, and the optical fiber 10 and the optical fiber 2 11 are prevented from being broken or damaged due to external stretching or compression, thereby improving the anti-interference ability of the optical fiber sensing system and the durability under long-term use, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the system.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a weak-current bridge 5 is fixedly connected to the outside of the granary 1, and the optical cable 6 is arranged in the middle of the weak-current bridge 5. The weak-current bridge 5 is used to guide the laying of the optical cable 6, and at the same time provide support and fixation for the optical cable 6 to ensure the stability of the transmission path. The weak-current bridge 5 can ensure that the optical cable 6 is effectively supported and protected during the entire laying process, reducing the risk of external interference to the optical cable 6 during operation, ensuring the long-term stability of the optical fiber sensing system, and ensuring the stable transmission of the optical signal, thereby improving the standardization and stability of the laying of the optical cable 6 and avoiding interference of the external environment on the optical fiber transmission line.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fiber optic reflector 12 is made of a fiber optic mirror material with a high reflectivity to ensure the strength of the reflected signal. By adopting a fiber optic mirror material with a high reflectivity, the strength of the reflected signal of the fiber optic reflector 12 and the signal recovery efficiency are improved, so that the signal can maintain a high intensity during the transmission process, reduce signal attenuation, ensure the quality and accuracy of the signal, and effectively improve the measurement accuracy and sensitivity of the reflective fiber optic sensing system.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the acquisition and processing mechanism 20 further includes a data fusion module, which is used to analyze and merge signals from different optical fibers and output comprehensive data for subsequent temperature or environmental parameter calculations. The data fusion module is specifically: Signal preprocessing module: used to denoise, filter and normalize the received signal. The signals received by different fiber optic sensors may be affected by noise. The preprocessing module will clean the signal, remove interference and improve the signal quality.

[0028] Data fusion algorithm module: This module uses appropriate algorithms to merge signals from different sources. Commonly used methods include weighted averaging, Kalman filtering, Bayesian filtering, etc. These algorithms can dynamically adjust the weight of the signal according to the quality, strength and other preset rules of the signal, thereby providing a comprehensive data output; The data fusion module can improve the accuracy and robustness of the measurement results by analyzing and merging multi-source data. At the same time, it can effectively eliminate these errors, making the system output more reliable and meeting the needs of high-precision measurement.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the data fusion module fuses the collected multiple signals through a weighted average algorithm, and the fusion process is implemented by the following formula: T 综合 =α·T 光纤 +β·T 外部传感器 Among them, T 光纤 is the temperature data collected by the optical fiber, T 外部传感器 is the environmental data measured by external sensors, α and β are preset weight coefficients, and the weighted average algorithm ensures that the contribution of each signal source is reasonably considered by assigning appropriate weights to different data sources. When a signal source, such as an optical fiber signal, is subject to greater external interference, the algorithm will automatically reduce the weight of the signal, thereby avoiding error amplification and improving the accuracy of the final data. This mechanism enhances the robustness and stability of the system. Through the weighted average algorithm, the data fusion module can effectively integrate data from different sensors, combine their respective weight coefficients, and output more accurate comprehensive data. This algorithm not only improves the accuracy and stability of data fusion, but also enhances the system's adaptability to complex environments by dynamically adjusting the weight coefficients.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the collection and processing mechanism 20 also includes a path optimization module for calculating the optimal layout path of the optical fiber 10 and the optical fiber 2 11, minimizing the loss of the optical fiber 10 and the optical fiber 2 11 during signal transmission and meeting the minimum bending radius requirement. The path optimization module uses an ant colony algorithm to calculate the optical fiber layout path. The objective function of the ant colony algorithm is: Among them, L iis the path length, Bj is the bending loss, λ is the weight coefficient, and the ant colony algorithm is an optimization algorithm that simulates the foraging behavior of ants in nature. It simulates the process of path selection in the solution space through multiple "ants", iterates continuously, and finally converges to an optimal path. In this system, the objective function of the ant colony algorithm is: Cost=w1·L+w2·D Wherein, L represents the path length, D represents the bending loss in the path, w1 and w2 are preset weight coefficients used to balance the influence of path length and bending loss. By using the ant colony algorithm for optical fiber path optimization, comprehensive optimization of the optical fiber layout path can be achieved to avoid signal loss and delay caused by unreasonable layout and performance degradation caused by optical fiber bending. The ant colony algorithm shows excellent global search capabilities in solving such path optimization problems, and can effectively find the global optimal solution or approximate optimal solution, thereby ensuring the efficiency and reliability of the system.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the acquisition and processing mechanism 20 also includes a dynamic feedback and real-time correction module, which is used to adjust the dynamic feedback and real-time path of the layout of the optical fiber 10 and the optical fiber 2 11 according to the real-time measurement data and the geometric mapping data. The correction module collects the pipeline geometric data based on the laser scanning technology, and uses the least squares method to fit and calculate the path adjustment error. By adopting the laser scanning technology and real-time dynamic feedback, the system can continuously monitor the laying process of the optical fiber, ensure the accurate laying of the optical fiber, and effectively avoid the signal transmission loss caused by the change of the pipeline shape, installation error or environmental change. The real-time correction not only improves the accuracy of the optical fiber laying, but also enhances the adaptability of the system in a complex environment, and ensures the stable operation of the optical fiber sensing system. The application of the least squares method makes the fiber optic layout path adjustment more accurate. By optimizing the path adjustment error, the signal loss and transmission problems caused by the path error can be minimized.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an embedded processor is provided inside the optical fiber convergence box 8 for real-time processing and correction of signal data from optical fiber 1 10 and optical fiber 2 11, and providing the processed signal to the temperature measurement host 7 for display, wherein the signal processing of the embedded processor includes the following steps: Signal demodulation and filtering: First, the embedded processor demodulates the received signal to restore the original temperature or other environmental parameter information, and then removes high-frequency noise and interference in the signal through a filtering algorithm; Signal correction: Based on known system deviations and external environmental influences, the embedded processor corrects the signal to compensate for losses, nonlinearities, and other problems caused by the transmission process to ensure signal accuracy; Data formatting and output: The processed signal will be converted according to the predetermined format and output to the temperature measurement host 7 through the standard interface for further analysis and display; Through data transmission and display modules, the system can provide operators with accurate temperature and environmental parameter data in real time, facilitating on-site operation and management. This not only enhances the real-time performance of the system, but also improves the convenience and effectiveness of monitoring work.

[0033] Working principle: When the optical fiber 10 transmits the optical signal, the optical fiber reflector 12 reflects the signal transmitted by the optical fiber 10 back, and the reflected signal is recovered by the optical fiber 2 11, forming a signal closed loop, thereby ensuring that the signal is stably transmitted back in the pipeline, avoiding the problem that the signal cannot be transmitted back due to space limitations; Among them, the ant colony algorithm is used to calculate the optimal layout path of optical fiber 10 and optical fiber 2 11, with the goal of minimizing the path length and bending loss of optical fiber 10 and optical fiber 2 11. At the same time, the dynamic feedback and real-time correction module obtains the geometric data of the pipeline through laser scanning technology, and adjusts the path in combination with the least squares method to ensure that the optical fiber layout meets the minimum bending radius requirements and adapts to complex installation environments; The collected optical signals are processed by a data fusion module, and the temperature data collected by optical fiber 10 and optical fiber 2 11 are fused and calculated with the external sensor environment data to improve the measurement accuracy and reliability. The processed data is then transmitted to the receiving display mechanism 30 through the terminal box 4 and the optical cable 6, and displayed and analyzed in real time by the temperature measuring host 7, thereby achieving high-precision monitoring and stable operation of the internal environment of the granary 1.

[0034] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A reflective optical fiber sensing system, characterized in that: include: A granary (1) is used to store materials, and a reserved hole (2) is provided in the middle of the granary (1) for installing the optical fiber sensing system; A collection and processing mechanism (20) is arranged inside the granary (1) and is used to collect and process data inside the granary (1). The collection and processing mechanism (20) comprises an optical fiber convergence box (8). An optical fiber 1 (10) and an optical fiber 2 (11) are respectively fixedly connected to the interface of the optical fiber convergence box (8) through two groups of connectors (13). An optical fiber reflector (12) is fixedly connected to one end of the optical fiber 1 (10) and the optical fiber 2 (11) away from the optical fiber convergence box (8). A pipe sleeve (9) is fixedly connected inside the granary (1). The optical fiber reflector (12) is fixedly connected to the inside of the pipe sleeve (9). The optical fiber reflector (12) is used to reflect the signal transmitted by the optical fiber 1 (10) and to recover the reflected signal through the optical fiber 2 (11) to form a signal closed loop. A receiving and displaying mechanism (30) is arranged outside the granary (1) and is used to receive and display the data processed by the collecting and processing mechanism (20).

2. A reflective optical fiber sensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The receiving and displaying mechanism (30) further comprises a pipe (3), wherein the pipe (3) is arranged between the optical fiber convergence box (8) and the receiving and displaying mechanism (30) and is used to connect the collecting and processing mechanism (20) and the receiving and displaying mechanism (30); a terminal box (4) is fixedly connected to the side of the pipe (3) away from the granary (1); an optical cable (6) is fixedly connected to the other side of the terminal box (4); and a temperature measuring host (7) is fixedly connected to the other end of the optical cable (6).

3. A reflective optical fiber sensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collection and processing mechanism (20) further comprises a reinforcing steel wire (14), wherein the reinforcing steel wire (14) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the tube sleeve (9), and the reinforcing steel wire (14) enables the tube sleeve (9) to be deformable, thereby preventing the optical fiber 1 (10) and the optical fiber 2 (11) in the tube sleeve (9) from being broken or damaged due to external tension, and at the same time provides pressure resistance protection for the tube sleeve (9).

4. A reflective optical fiber sensing system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A weak-current bridge (5) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the granary (1), and the optical cable (6) is arranged in the middle of the weak-current bridge (5). The weak-current bridge (5) is used to guide the laying of the optical cable (6) and provide support and fixation for the optical cable (6) to ensure the stability of the transmission path.

5. A reflective optical fiber sensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical fiber reflector (12) is made of an optical fiber mirror material with high reflectivity, thereby ensuring the intensity of the reflected signal.

6. A reflective optical fiber sensing system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The acquisition and processing mechanism (20) also includes a data fusion module, which is used to analyze and merge signals from different optical fibers and output comprehensive data for subsequent temperature or environmental parameter calculations.

7. A reflective optical fiber sensing system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The data fusion module fuses the collected multiple signals through a weighted average algorithm, and the fusion process is implemented by the following formula: T 综合 =α·T 光纤 +β·T 外部传感器 Among them, T 光纤 is the temperature data collected by the optical fiber, T 外部传感器 is the environmental data measured by the external sensor, and α and β are the preset weight coefficients.

8. A reflective optical fiber sensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acquisition and processing mechanism (20) also includes a path optimization module, which is used to calculate the optimal layout path of the optical fiber 1 (10) and the optical fiber 2 (11), minimize the loss of the optical fiber 1 (10) and the optical fiber 2 (11) during signal transmission, and meet the minimum bending radius requirement. The path optimization module uses an ant colony algorithm to calculate the optical fiber layout path. The objective function of the ant colony algorithm is: Among them, L i is the path length, Bj is the bending loss, and λ is the weight coefficient.

9. The reflective optical fiber sensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acquisition and processing mechanism (20) also includes a dynamic feedback and real-time correction module, which is used to adjust the dynamic feedback and real-time path of the layout of optical fiber 1 (10) and optical fiber 2 (11) according to the real-time measurement data and geometric mapping data. The correction module collects pipeline geometric data based on laser scanning technology and uses the least squares method to fit and calculate the path adjustment error.

10. The reflective optical fiber sensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: An embedded processor is provided inside the optical fiber convergence box (8) for real-time processing and correction of signal data from optical fiber one (10) and optical fiber two (11), and providing the processed signal to the temperature measurement host (7) for display.

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