Power supply and distribution cable with power distribution terminal abnormal position detection structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a power supply and distribution cable with a power distribution terminal abnormal position detection structure, and relates to the technical field of power distribution fault detection. A distributed sensor unit, a signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module, a precise positioning algorithm module, a self-healing function module, a waterproof and anti-corrosion layer, a mechanical compression-resistant protection layer and a data storage module are embedded in the cable body in the length direction, and the precise positioning algorithm module utilizes multipoint signals of the distributed sensor unit to carry out precise positioning on the cable body. By calculating the time sequence and attenuation of abnormal signals, abnormal points are accurately positioned, the positioning error is smaller than 1 m, and an embedded LED lamp strip is arranged on the outer layer of the cable. According to the invention, the accurate positioning algorithm module and the LED lamp strip are installed, so that the rapid positioning indication function of a fault point is realized, the problem that the fault point in a long-distance cable is difficult to accurately position is solved, the fault point positioning speed and accuracy are improved, the fault can be rapidly maintained, and the cable shutdown time is shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power distribution fault detection, and in particular to a power distribution cable with a power distribution terminal abnormal position detection structure. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of power systems, especially the complexity and distributed characteristics of distribution systems, the maintenance and fault detection of power equipment have become increasingly important. Traditional cable detection methods often rely on manual inspections or regular inspections, which cannot accurately detect potential faults in cables in real time and lack the ability to quickly locate faults when they occur. This leads to longer downtime of power systems, higher maintenance costs, and even more serious safety hazards.

[0003] In order to solve these technical problems, the present application proposes a power distribution cable with an abnormal position detection structure for distribution terminals. By introducing advanced sensing technology, intelligent diagnosis algorithms and self-healing repair mechanisms, the fault response speed and accuracy of the cable can be greatly improved, thereby enhancing the overall reliability of the power system.

[0004] Patent document CN110044499B discloses an abnormal temperature detection and cooling device and an early warning method for a distribution network cable terminal. The above patent effectively reduces the abnormal temperature of the cable terminal, and the early warning method determines whether there is a fault in the cable terminal. However, the above patent cannot realize the function of quickly locating and indicating the fault point.

[0005] Patent document CN110045239B discloses a method for detecting, processing and diagnosing abnormal heating of cable terminals under operating conditions. The above patent can detect and process abnormal heating of cable terminals, and can accurately determine the heating damage of the cable terminals when the abnormal heating of the cable terminals cannot be effectively reduced. However, the above patent cannot realize real-time monitoring of cable power data and fault analysis functions.

[0006] Patent document CN113566903B discloses a distributed cable comprehensive online monitoring device and method. The above patent realizes the full process online real-time monitoring of distributed cables and improves the accuracy of monitoring results. However, the above patent cannot realize the function of rapid repair and replacement of faulty cables.

[0007] Patent document CN112734698B discloses a cable terminal abnormality diagnosis method and device based on infrared images. The above patent solves the technical problem of low detection efficiency caused by manually detecting whether the cable terminal is abnormal in the prior art, but the above patent cannot realize the environmental adaptation and self-protection functions of the cable.

[0008] In summary, the above patents cannot realize the functions of rapid positioning and indicating fault points, real-time monitoring and fault analysis of cable power data, rapid repair and replacement of faulty cables, and environmental adaptation and self-protection of cables, resulting in problems such as untimely diagnosis of fault problems, inaccurate fault positioning points, long cable outage time, great safety hazards, and poor economic benefits. To this end, the present application proposes a power distribution cable with a distribution terminal abnormal position detection structure that can realize the functions of rapid positioning and indication of fault points, real-time monitoring and fault analysis of cable power data, rapid repair and replacement of faulty cables, and environmental adaptation and self-protection of cables. Summary of the invention

[0009] The object of the present invention is to provide a power distribution cable with an abnormal position detection structure of a distribution terminal, so as to solve the technical problems proposed in the above-mentioned background technology that the functions of rapid positioning and indication of fault points, real-time monitoring and fault analysis of cable power data, rapid repair and replacement of faulty cables, and environmental adaptation and self-protection of cables cannot be realized, resulting in untimely diagnosis of fault problems, inaccurate fault positioning points, long cable downtime, great safety hazards and poor economic benefits.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a power distribution cable with a power distribution terminal abnormal position detection structure, comprising a cable body, wherein the cable body is embedded with a distributed sensor unit, a signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module, a precise positioning algorithm module, a self-healing function module, a waterproof and anti-corrosion layer, a mechanical pressure-resistant protection layer and a data storage module along the length direction, wherein the precise positioning algorithm module utilizes multi-point signals of the distributed sensor unit to accurately locate the abnormal point by calculating the timing and attenuation of the abnormal signal, with a positioning error of <1m, and an embedded LED light strip is provided on the outer layer of the cable; The precise positioning algorithm module provides triangulation ranging algorithm, signal timing analysis and LED light strip positioning indication functions; The precise positioning algorithm module combines triangulation and timing algorithms to analyze the multi-point signals returned by the distributed sensor units and perform error correction; The LED light strips on the outer layer of the cable body are evenly arranged, light up when receiving a fault location signal, and extend along the cable body to the fault point. The LED light strips can adjust the color according to the severity of the fault, so as to quickly indicate the fault location.

[0011] Preferably, the distributed sensor unit includes a plurality of sensors embedded in the insulation layer of the cable body, each sensor is independently responsible for collecting power data of different parameters, and the distributed sensor unit is connected to the precise positioning algorithm module through a data line, and transmits the collected cable parameters to the precise positioning algorithm module for fault analysis and positioning; The distributed sensor unit includes: a current sensor, a voltage sensor, a temperature sensor and a vibration sensor; The current sensor collects the current fluctuation and overcurrent conditions in the cable body in real time; Voltage sensors monitor voltage fluctuations and abnormal voltage increases / decreases; The temperature sensor monitors the temperature changes at different locations of the cable body to prevent the cable from overheating; The vibration sensor detects the external mechanical vibration of the cable body and determines the potential risk of mechanical damage; The distributed sensor units are distributed at intervals of 1m, arranged in the insulation layer of the cable body and encapsulated in a high-temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant and waterproof sealing sleeve. The distributed sensor units collect anti-interference independent signal line connections to ensure real-time and accurate data collection.

[0012] Preferably, the modular replaceable structure of the distributed sensor unit includes a quick-plug interface connection design, which makes the replacement / addition of the distributed sensor unit convenient; after replacement, the sensor has an automatic calibration function, and achieves data consistency and synchronization through a built-in calibration chip.

[0013] Preferably, the distributed sensor unit is connected to a signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module via a data line, and the signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module is used to protect the signal acquisition circuit from collecting power data from the distributed sensor unit; The signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module includes: a digital isolation circuit, an adjustable frequency filter and a real-time data buffer unit; The digital isolation circuit can isolate high-voltage signals from low-voltage signals, preventing high-voltage signals from interfering with distributed sensor units and signal acquisition circuits; The adjustable frequency filter can be adjusted for signals of different frequencies such as current, voltage and vibration; The real-time data cache unit is used to temporarily store the instantaneous voltage and current data collected by the distributed sensors, and has a data protection function to prevent data loss when the voltage fluctuates.

[0014] Preferably, the signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module is connected to the abnormal state intelligent diagnosis and analysis module via a data line, the signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module transmits the collected power data to the abnormal state intelligent diagnosis and analysis module for abnormal data diagnosis, the abnormal state intelligent diagnosis and analysis module is connected to the precise positioning algorithm module via a data line, and transmits the abnormal diagnosis result to the precise positioning algorithm module for positioning analysis; The abnormal state intelligent diagnosis and analysis module provides abnormality identification algorithms, multi-level fault classification and early warning functions; The anomaly recognition algorithm compares real-time power data with historical power data and uses machine learning algorithms to determine the type of abnormal state, which includes short circuit, overload and overheating. The multi-level fault classification function divides faults into warning, minor and major faults according to the degree of abnormality identified by the abnormality recognition algorithm, and updates the analysis data in real time; The early warning function automatically sends out an early warning signal before a potential fault occurs, prompting maintenance personnel to conduct timely inspections and upload the diagnosis results to the remote monitoring system.

[0015] Preferably, the abnormal state intelligent diagnosis and analysis module and the precise positioning algorithm module are connected to the self-healing function module through a data signal line, and the self-healing function module is used to automatically repair according to the fault situation and fault location data; The self-healing functional modules include: cooling channels and coolant spraying, intelligent power regulation and self-healing trigger mechanism; The cooling channel is built into the insulation layer of the cable body. When abnormal temperature is detected, the cooling liquid circulation is automatically triggered to reduce the temperature of the fault area. Intelligent power regulation means that when an overheating condition / minor fault is detected, the power load at the fault location is automatically reduced to avoid temperature rise and continued damage; The self-healing trigger mechanism automatically repairs minor faults, triggers an alarm when the safety threshold is reached, and immediately sends a warning signal to the remote monitoring system in the event of a serious fault.

[0016] Preferably, the waterproof and anti-corrosion layer and the mechanical pressure-resistant protective layer are used to effectively protect the interior of the cable; The waterproof and anti-corrosion layer and the mechanical pressure-resistant protective layer include: a multi-layer composite structure, an electromagnetic shielding layer and a supporting skeleton; The protective layer is composed of a corrosion-resistant metal layer, a compression-resistant rubber layer and a sealant layer, forming a multi-layer structure suitable for harsh environments; The electromagnetic shielding layer is embedded in the outer protective layer of the cable to prevent the external electromagnetic field from interfering with the signal of the distributed sensor unit and ensure the clarity of the signal; The high-molecular polyethylene support skeleton is designed to improve the compressive strength of the cable, making it suitable for underground / underwater high-voltage scenarios. It also has elastic impact resistance and can effectively absorb external mechanical shocks.

[0017] Preferably, the distributed sensor unit also has a wireless transmission and low power consumption module, which is connected to the remote monitoring system via a wireless communication protocol; The wireless transmission and low power consumption module includes: wireless transmission module, self-power generation function and low power consumption standby mode; The wireless transmission module uses a low-power wireless communication protocol for data transmission, ensuring signal stability in long-distance cable scenarios; The self-generation function uses the cable vibration / ambient temperature difference to generate electricity through a micro self-generation module to power the sensor. The low-power standby mode enters a low-power standby state when no data is collected, which extends the overall working life of the sensor and cable and ensures stability in a long-term operating environment.

[0018] Preferably, the distributed sensor unit is connected to an embedded data storage module via a data line, and the embedded data storage module is used to record and store historical data of the cable during operation; The embedded data storage module includes: an embedded storage chip, a power-off protection circuit and a historical data analysis interface; The embedded memory chip is connected to the signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module via a data line to record the data changes of each sensor, including voltage, current and vibration information; The power-off protection circuit can automatically protect and save data in the event of cable power failure / accidental failure to prevent data loss; The historical data analysis interface provides a USB / wireless interface to support rapid data export and analysis, facilitating on-site maintenance and abnormality analysis.

[0019] Preferably, the embedded data storage module is connected to the signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module, the abnormal state intelligence, the precise positioning algorithm and the self-healing function module through a data interface to store all the operating data and historical fault information of the cable.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention realizes the function of fast positioning and indicating the fault point by installing a precise positioning algorithm module and an LED light strip, solves the problem that the fault point in the long-distance cable is difficult to accurately locate, improves the speed and accuracy of locating the fault point, facilitates rapid maintenance of the fault, reduces the cable downtime, and improves economic benefits; 2. The present invention realizes the real-time monitoring and fault analysis functions of cable power data by installing distributed sensor units and abnormal state intelligent diagnosis and analysis modules, solves the problem of real-time monitoring and analysis of cable operation status, and avoids the blindness and lag of traditional manual monitoring methods; 3. The present invention realizes the function of rapid repair and replacement of faulty cables by installing self-healing functional modules and modular replaceable structures, improves the speed of fault handling, avoids the problem of small faults causing big risks, reduces maintenance costs and downtime, and improves economic benefits; 4. The present invention realizes the environmental adaptability and self-protection function of the cable by installing a signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module, a waterproof and anti-corrosion layer, and a mechanical pressure-resistant protection layer, solves the problem of interference of external environmental changes on the signal and damage to the cable body, improves the accuracy of fault monitoring and diagnosis, and expands the application scenarios and service life of the cable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the cable abnormal position detection process of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cable structure of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 , an embodiment provided by the present invention: a power distribution cable with a power distribution terminal abnormal position detection structure, comprising a cable body, wherein the cable body is embedded with a distributed sensor unit, a signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module, a precise positioning algorithm module, a self-healing function module, a waterproof and anti-corrosion layer, a mechanical pressure protection layer and a data storage module along the length direction, wherein the precise positioning algorithm module utilizes multi-point signals of the distributed sensor unit to accurately locate the abnormal point by calculating the timing and attenuation of the abnormal signal, with a positioning error of <1m, and an embedded LED light strip is provided on the outer layer of the cable; The signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module is connected to the abnormal state intelligent diagnosis and analysis module through a data line, and the signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module transmits the collected power data to the abnormal state intelligent diagnosis and analysis module for abnormal data diagnosis. The abnormal state intelligent diagnosis and analysis module is connected to the precise positioning algorithm module through a data line, and transmits the abnormal diagnosis result to the precise positioning algorithm module for positioning analysis; The abnormal state intelligent diagnosis and analysis module provides abnormality identification algorithms, multi-level fault classification and early warning functions; The anomaly recognition algorithm compares real-time power data with historical power data and uses machine learning algorithms to determine the type of abnormal state, which includes short circuit, overload and overheating. The multi-level fault classification function divides faults into warning, minor and major faults according to the degree of abnormality identified by the abnormality recognition algorithm, and updates the analysis data in real time; The early warning function automatically sends out early warning signals before a potential fault occurs, prompting maintenance personnel to conduct timely inspections and upload the diagnosis results to the remote monitoring system; The precise positioning algorithm module provides triangulation ranging algorithm, signal timing analysis and LED light strip positioning indication functions; The precise positioning algorithm module combines triangulation and timing algorithms to analyze the multi-point signals returned by the distributed sensor units and perform error correction; The LED light strips on the outer layer of the cable body are evenly arranged, light up when receiving a fault location signal, and extend along the cable body to the fault point. The LED light strips can adjust the color according to the severity of the fault, so as to quickly indicate the fault location; Furthermore, in the abnormal state intelligent diagnosis and analysis module, the incoming current, voltage, temperature, vibration and other data are analyzed in real time through the preset abnormal identification algorithm. Based on machine learning, the real-time data and historical data are compared to determine whether the cable is in an abnormal state. When an abnormal state is detected, the intelligent diagnosis and analysis module classifies the severity of the fault at multiple levels, according to the levels of warning, minor fault and major fault. If the abnormal state reaches the warning or minor fault level, the system will issue a warning signal to prompt the operation and maintenance personnel. The intelligent diagnosis and analysis module will transmit the diagnosis results to the precise positioning algorithm module to provide specific parameters of the abnormal information for the next step of fault location; After receiving the abnormal information provided by the abnormal state intelligent diagnosis and analysis module, the precise positioning algorithm module starts the triangulation ranging algorithm and the timing analysis algorithm, and accurately locates the abnormal point in combination with the multi-point signals returned by the distributed sensor unit. The module uses the triangulation ranging algorithm to calculate the spatial position of the fault point through the data of the multi-point distributed sensors. At the same time, the timing analysis is combined with the time difference (TDOA) of the signal to reduce the delay error and improve the positioning accuracy. During the positioning process, the system performs error correction on the positioning result to make the positioning accuracy reach within 1 meter to ensure the accuracy of the abnormal point. After the positioning is completed, the precise positioning algorithm module sends the location signal of the fault point to the LED light strip on the outer layer of the cable body. The LED light strip lights up at the fault point according to the positioning information and extends along the cable body to the fault point, so that maintenance personnel can quickly and intuitively identify the fault location. In addition, the brightness and color of the LED light strip will be adjusted according to the severity of the fault to provide different visual cues.

[0024] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 , an embodiment provided by the present invention: a power distribution cable with a power distribution terminal abnormal position detection structure, the distributed sensor unit includes a plurality of sensors embedded in the insulation layer of the cable body, each sensor is independently responsible for collecting power data of different parameters, the distributed sensor unit is connected to the precise positioning algorithm module through a data line, and the collected cable parameters are transmitted to the precise positioning algorithm module for fault analysis and positioning; The distributed sensor unit includes: a current sensor, a voltage sensor, a temperature sensor and a vibration sensor; The current sensor collects the current fluctuation and overcurrent conditions in the cable body in real time; Voltage sensors monitor voltage fluctuations and abnormal voltage increases / decreases; The temperature sensor monitors the temperature changes at different locations of the cable body to prevent the cable from overheating; The vibration sensor detects the external mechanical vibration of the cable body and determines the potential risk of mechanical damage; The distributed sensor units are distributed at intervals of 1m, arranged in the insulation layer of the cable body and encapsulated in a high temperature resistant, corrosion resistant and waterproof sealing sleeve. The distributed sensor units collect anti-interference independent signal line connections to ensure real-time and accurate data collection; The modular replaceable structure of the distributed sensor unit includes a quick-plug interface connection design, which makes the replacement / addition of the distributed sensor unit convenient; after replacement, the sensor has an automatic calibration function, and achieves data consistency and synchronization through a built-in calibration chip; Furthermore, when the cable is in operation, various sensors begin to collect data such as current, voltage, temperature and vibration. These data are transmitted to the signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module through a low-interference data channel to isolate and reduce noise on the signal, and then transmitted to the abnormal state intelligent diagnosis and analysis module. Through timed acquisition and distributed data transmission, the cable realizes real-time monitoring of the entire length and can quickly identify any abnormal signal. The cable body adopts a modular replaceable structure design. Each section of the cable is composed of multiple independent modules. The modules are connected through standardized interfaces, including signal interface, power interface and fixed interface. The sensor, signal processing unit and positioning algorithm module of each module are designed as independent plug-in units. Maintenance personnel can directly replace the faulty module without disassembling the entire cable, which greatly improves the convenience of maintenance. When a distributed sensor unit detects an abnormal state and locates it, the modular replaceable structure enables maintenance personnel to quickly replace the unit module containing the fault, reducing cable downtime and reducing maintenance difficulty.

[0025] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 , an embodiment provided by the present invention: a power distribution cable with a power distribution terminal abnormal position detection structure, wherein the distributed sensor unit is connected to a signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module through a data line, and the signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module is used to protect the signal acquisition circuit from collecting power data from the distributed sensor unit; The signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module includes: a digital isolation circuit, an adjustable frequency filter and a real-time data buffer unit; The digital isolation circuit can isolate high-voltage signals from low-voltage signals, preventing high-voltage signals from interfering with distributed sensor units and signal acquisition circuits; The adjustable frequency filter can be adjusted for signals of different frequencies such as current, voltage and vibration; The real-time data cache unit is used to temporarily store the instantaneous voltage and current data collected by the distributed sensors, and has a data protection function to prevent data loss when the voltage fluctuates; Furthermore, the signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module needs to deal with the isolation problem between high voltage and low voltage in the power system. In the power system, due to the existence of high voltage and low voltage signal sources, electrical interference may occur, resulting in unstable signal transmission or data loss. In order to ensure the accuracy and stability of the signal, an isolation circuit is set up in the module, such as using a photoelectric isolator or transformer isolation to electrically isolate the data from the sensor to ensure that the high voltage part and the low voltage part are independent of each other and do not affect each other; Photoelectric isolator: converts the electrical signal at the input end into an optical signal through an optical signal, and then converts it back to an electrical signal through a photoelectric converter, thus achieving electrical isolation; Transformer isolation: physically isolate the high voltage signal and the low voltage signal through a transformer to avoid interference of high voltage on the low voltage system; The isolated signal is transmitted to the next processing stage to avoid any interference from the power system affecting the accuracy of the data; Since interference signals in the power system may affect the signal, the module will suppress noise through filters. The process includes: low-pass filter: remove high-frequency noise signals and retain low-frequency signals; band-pass filter: only allow signals in the specified frequency band to pass, and remove irrelevant high-frequency and low-frequency noise; through signal noise reduction processing, it can ensure that the data transmitted to the intelligent diagnosis and analysis module is more accurate and clear, reducing the risk of misjudgment; For the analog signals collected by the sensor, the digital-to-analog converter in the signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module converts the analog signals into digital signals. The real-time data cache unit is responsible for storing the sensor data received in a short period of time to ensure that key information is not lost during signal processing or data transmission. When the cable operation is abnormal, the cached data will be temporarily stored in the module, waiting for further analysis by the intelligent diagnosis module. The cached data can also be used for fault backtracking to help analyze the time point and severity of the fault. If the module receives new data or instructions, the cache unit will replace the old data according to the first-in-first-out principle to ensure that the latest data is processed first.

[0026] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 , an embodiment provided by the present invention: a power distribution cable with a power distribution terminal abnormal position detection structure, wherein the abnormal state intelligent diagnosis and analysis module and the precise positioning algorithm module are connected to a self-healing function module through a data signal line, and the self-healing function module is used to automatically repair according to the fault condition and the fault location data; The self-healing functional modules include: cooling channels and coolant spraying, intelligent power regulation and self-healing trigger mechanism; The cooling channel is built into the insulation layer of the cable body. When abnormal temperature is detected, the cooling liquid circulation is automatically triggered to reduce the temperature of the fault area. Intelligent power regulation means that when an overheating condition / minor fault is detected, the power load at the fault location is automatically reduced to avoid temperature rise and continued damage; The self-healing trigger mechanism automatically repairs minor faults, triggers an alarm when the safety threshold is reached, and immediately sends a warning signal to the remote monitoring system in the event of a serious fault; The waterproof and anti-corrosion layer and the mechanical pressure-resistant protective layer are used to effectively protect the inside of the cable; The waterproof and anti-corrosion layer and the mechanical pressure-resistant protective layer include: a multi-layer composite structure, an electromagnetic shielding layer and a supporting skeleton; The protective layer is composed of a corrosion-resistant metal layer, a compression-resistant rubber layer and a sealant layer, forming a multi-layer structure suitable for harsh environments; The electromagnetic shielding layer is embedded in the outer protective layer of the cable to prevent the external electromagnetic field from interfering with the signal of the distributed sensor unit and ensure the clarity of the signal; The high-molecular polyethylene support skeleton is designed to improve the compressive strength of the cable, which is suitable for underground / underwater high-voltage scenarios, and has elastic impact resistance and can effectively absorb external mechanical shocks; Furthermore, the cooling channel is located inside the insulation layer of the cable body and is usually made of high temperature resistant and corrosion resistant materials. Several micro channels are set inside the cable, and coolant can be circulated through these channels to reduce the temperature of the fault area. When the system detects that the temperature of a certain area in the cable is too high through the temperature sensor, the coolant spraying system will automatically start. The coolant is transported to the fault area through the cooling channel to quickly cool down the overheated part. The coolant generally selects environmentally friendly and highly thermally conductive liquids, such as water-based coolants or liquid metal coolants, which can effectively remove excessive temperatures. After passing through the fault area, the coolant's temperature is reduced and is directed back to the coolant storage area to form a cycle. The flow of the coolant is driven by a pump system, or by natural circulation driven by temperature difference. The coolant is released to the fault point through the spray port, and after temperature adjustment, it flows back to the reservoir or cooling module through the cooling pipe; The operating temperature of the cable is continuously monitored through the temperature sensor in the distributed sensor unit. If the sensor detects that the temperature at a certain location rises abnormally to a preset value, the intelligent power regulation system will be automatically activated. Based on the temperature information, the system automatically reduces the power load in the fault area or high temperature area, reduces the power consumption in the area, and reduces the temperature. Power regulation controls the current intensity of the cable through the intelligent regulation unit, reduces power loss, and prevents continuous damage caused by overheating; When the system detects a local short circuit or a tiny current instability, the self-healing trigger mechanism will automatically start. This mechanism will repair the fault through current reconfiguration, circuit isolation or local recovery, and ensure that the cable continues to operate to prevent the fault from spreading. The self-healing system has multiple safety thresholds, such as temperature, pressure, current, etc., and the fault status will be classified according to these thresholds. Only when the fault reaches a certain severity level will the system issue an alarm signal; The multi-layer composite structure includes: the outer layer of the cable is covered with stainless steel to prevent corrosion from external materials and chemicals, the lower layer is made of pressure-resistant rubber to prevent the cable from physical damage, and the inner layer is sealed with a polyurethane adhesive layer to ensure waterproofness and moisture-proofness; a layer of high-molecular polyethylene support skeleton is set on the outside of the cable. This material has excellent compressive resistance and elasticity, and can effectively absorb external mechanical impact and prevent damage to the cable structure. In addition, the cable is also provided with an electromagnetic shielding layer, which is usually composed of aluminum foil, which can effectively isolate external electromagnetic interference and ensure that the distributed sensor signals inside the cable are not interfered with by external electromagnetic fields, thereby ensuring clear signal transmission.

[0027] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 , an embodiment provided by the present invention: a power distribution cable with a power distribution terminal abnormal position detection structure, wherein the distributed sensor unit also has a wireless transmission and low power consumption module, and the wireless transmission and low power consumption module is connected to a remote monitoring system through a wireless communication protocol; The wireless transmission and low power consumption module includes: wireless transmission module, self-power generation function and low power consumption standby mode; The wireless transmission module uses low-power wireless communication protocols for data transmission, ensuring signal stability in long-distance cable scenarios; The self-generation function uses the cable vibration / ambient temperature difference to generate electricity through a micro self-generation module to power the sensor. Low-power standby mode means entering a low-power standby state when not collecting data, which prolongs the overall working life of the sensor and cable and ensures stability in a long-term operating environment; The distributed sensor unit is connected to an embedded data storage module via a data line, and the embedded data storage module is used to record and store historical data of the cable during operation; The embedded data storage module includes: an embedded storage chip, a power-off protection circuit and a historical data analysis interface; The embedded memory chip is connected to the signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module via a data line to record the data changes of each sensor, including voltage, current and vibration information; The power-off protection circuit can automatically protect and save data in the event of cable power failure / accidental failure to prevent data loss; The historical data analysis interface provides USB / wireless interface, supports rapid data export and analysis, and facilitates on-site maintenance and abnormality analysis; The embedded data storage module is connected to the signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module, abnormal state intelligence, precise positioning algorithm and self-healing function module through a data interface to store all operation data and historical fault information of the cable; Furthermore, when the signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module transmits data such as current, voltage, temperature, and vibration to the wireless transmission module, the module will encode and compress the data, and then send it to the remote monitoring system or cloud platform via wireless signals. The self-generation function uses a micro self-generation module, which can generate electricity using the mechanical energy generated by the cable during vibration or the thermal energy generated by the temperature difference between the cable and the environment. The self-generation module includes a vibration energy harvester and a thermoelectric generator. The vibration energy harvester converts the vibration of the cable into electrical energy, or converts the temperature difference between the inside of the cable and the external environment into electrical energy through a thermoelectric generator. The generated electrical energy is stored in batteries or supercapacitors for use by sensors and wireless modules. When there are no abnormal events or data acquisition requirements, the low-power module will automatically switch to standby mode. At this time, the wireless transmission module and sensor will stop collecting and transmitting data, enter low-power mode, and reduce the energy consumption of the system; The signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module receives data (such as current, temperature, vibration, etc.) from each distributed sensor unit and transmits this data to the embedded storage chip. The storage chip saves this data in chronological order and updates it regularly. Each data record includes information such as the acquisition time, sensor ID, sensor type, and corresponding measurement value. When the cable encounters power failure, external force impact, or other abnormalities, the power failure protection circuit will activate the capacitor cache or supercapacitor to provide instantaneous power to ensure that the embedded storage chip can continue to save the current data when the power is off. The power failure protection circuit ensures that the data will not be lost due to power interruption, ensuring the integrity of the data under any circumstances. Through the USB or wireless interface, field engineers can download the cable's operating data and perform fault analysis. The data can be processed in professional analysis software to determine the health status of the cable operation or predict potential faults.

[0028] Working principle: First, the distributed sensor units continuously monitor the key parameters such as current, voltage and temperature in the cable. When an abnormal signal is detected, the signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module collects and pre-processes the abnormal signal and transmits it to the abnormal state intelligent diagnosis and analysis module for further data analysis and fault diagnosis. Then, the abnormal state intelligent diagnosis and analysis module analyzes and classifies the abnormality type by comparing the real-time data with the historical data and combining the machine learning algorithm. The precise positioning algorithm module uses the multi-point signals provided by the distributed sensor units to accurately calculate the specific location of the abnormality through time series analysis and triangulation algorithm, and the positioning error is controlled within 1 meter. Finally, when a minor fault occurs, the self-healing function module is automatically triggered to start the cooling channel or intelligent power regulation mechanism to repair the fault and prevent the fault from expanding. At the same time, the embedded LED light strip on the outer layer of the cable will light up according to the severity of the fault, indicating the location of the fault point.

[0029] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A power distribution cable with a power distribution terminal abnormal position detection structure, comprising a cable body, characterized in that: The cable body is embedded with distributed sensor units, signal acquisition and dynamic isolation modules, precise positioning algorithm modules, self-healing function modules, waterproof and anti-corrosion layers, mechanical pressure protection layers and data storage modules along the length direction. The precise positioning algorithm module uses the multi-point signals of the distributed sensor units to accurately locate the abnormal points by calculating the timing and attenuation of the abnormal signals, with a positioning error of less than 1m, and is equipped with an embedded LED light strip on the outer layer of the cable; The precise positioning algorithm module provides triangulation ranging algorithm, signal timing analysis and LED light strip positioning indication functions; The precise positioning algorithm module combines triangulation and timing algorithms to analyze the multi-point signals returned by the distributed sensor units and perform error correction; The LED light strips on the outer layer of the cable body are evenly arranged, light up when receiving a fault location signal, and extend along the cable body to the fault point. The LED light strips can adjust the color according to the severity of the fault, so as to quickly indicate the fault location.

2. A power distribution cable with a power distribution terminal abnormal position detection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distributed sensor unit includes a plurality of sensors embedded in the insulation layer of the cable body, each sensor is independently responsible for collecting power data of different parameters, and the distributed sensor unit is connected to the precise positioning algorithm module through a data line, and transmits the collected cable parameters to the precise positioning algorithm module for fault analysis and positioning; The distributed sensor unit includes: a current sensor, a voltage sensor, a temperature sensor and a vibration sensor; The current sensor collects the current fluctuation and overcurrent conditions in the cable body in real time; Voltage sensors monitor voltage fluctuations and abnormal voltage increases / decreases; The temperature sensor monitors the temperature changes at different locations of the cable body to prevent the cable from overheating; The vibration sensor detects the external mechanical vibration of the cable body and determines the potential risk of mechanical damage; The distributed sensor units are distributed at intervals of 1m, arranged in the insulation layer of the cable body and encapsulated in a high-temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant and waterproof sealing sleeve. The distributed sensor units collect anti-interference independent signal line connections to ensure real-time and accurate data collection.

3. A power distribution cable with a power distribution terminal abnormal position detection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modular replaceable structure of the distributed sensor unit includes a quick-plug interface connection design, which makes the replacement / addition of the distributed sensor unit convenient; after replacement, the sensor has an automatic calibration function, and achieves data consistency and synchronization through a built-in calibration chip.

4. A power distribution cable with a power distribution terminal abnormal position detection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distributed sensor unit is connected to a signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module via a data line, and the signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module is used to protect the signal acquisition circuit from collecting power data from the distributed sensor unit; The signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module includes: a digital isolation circuit, an adjustable frequency filter and a real-time data buffer unit; The digital isolation circuit can isolate high-voltage signals from low-voltage signals, preventing high-voltage signals from interfering with distributed sensor units and signal acquisition circuits; The adjustable frequency filter can be adjusted for signals of different frequencies such as current, voltage and vibration; The real-time data cache unit is used to temporarily store the instantaneous voltage and current data collected by the distributed sensors, and has a data protection function to prevent data loss when the voltage fluctuates.

5. A power distribution cable with a power distribution terminal abnormal position detection structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module is connected to the abnormal state intelligent diagnosis and analysis module through a data line, and the signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module transmits the collected power data to the abnormal state intelligent diagnosis and analysis module for abnormal data diagnosis. The abnormal state intelligent diagnosis and analysis module is connected to the precise positioning algorithm module through a data line, and transmits the abnormal diagnosis result to the precise positioning algorithm module for positioning analysis; The abnormal state intelligent diagnosis and analysis module provides abnormality identification algorithms, multi-level fault classification and early warning functions; The anomaly recognition algorithm compares real-time power data with historical power data and uses machine learning algorithms to determine the type of abnormal state, which includes short circuit, overload and overheating. The multi-level fault classification function divides faults into warning, minor and major faults according to the degree of abnormality identified by the abnormality recognition algorithm, and updates the analysis data in real time; The early warning function automatically sends out an early warning signal before a potential fault occurs, prompting maintenance personnel to conduct timely inspections and upload the diagnosis results to the remote monitoring system.

6. A power distribution cable with a power distribution terminal abnormal position detection structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The abnormal state intelligent diagnosis and analysis module and the precise positioning algorithm module are connected to the self-healing function module through a data signal line, and the self-healing function module is used to automatically repair according to the fault situation and fault location data; The self-healing functional modules include: cooling channels and coolant spraying, intelligent power regulation and self-healing trigger mechanism; The cooling channel is built into the insulation layer of the cable body. When abnormal temperature is detected, the cooling liquid circulation is automatically triggered to reduce the temperature of the fault area. Intelligent power regulation means that when an overheating condition / minor fault is detected, the power load at the fault location is automatically reduced to avoid temperature rise and continued damage; The self-healing trigger mechanism automatically repairs minor faults, triggers an alarm when the safety threshold is reached, and immediately sends a warning signal to the remote monitoring system in the event of a serious fault.

7. A power distribution cable with a power distribution terminal abnormal position detection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waterproof and anti-corrosion layer and the mechanical pressure-resistant protective layer are used to effectively protect the inside of the cable; The waterproof and anti-corrosion layer and the mechanical pressure-resistant protective layer include: a multi-layer composite structure, an electromagnetic shielding layer and a supporting skeleton; The protective layer is composed of a corrosion-resistant metal layer, a compression-resistant rubber layer and a sealant layer, forming a multi-layer structure suitable for harsh environments; The electromagnetic shielding layer is embedded in the outer protective layer of the cable to prevent the external electromagnetic field from interfering with the signal of the distributed sensor unit and ensure the clarity of the signal; The high-molecular polyethylene support skeleton is designed to improve the compressive strength of the cable, making it suitable for underground / underwater high-voltage scenarios. It also has elastic impact resistance and can effectively absorb external mechanical shocks.

8. A power distribution cable with a power distribution terminal abnormal position detection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distributed sensor unit also has a wireless transmission and low-power consumption module, which is connected to the remote monitoring system via a wireless communication protocol; The wireless transmission and low power consumption module includes: wireless transmission module, self-power generation function and low power consumption standby mode; The wireless transmission module uses a low-power wireless communication protocol for data transmission, ensuring signal stability in long-distance cable scenarios; The self-generation function uses the cable vibration / ambient temperature difference to generate electricity through a micro self-generation module to power the sensor. The low-power standby mode enters a low-power standby state when no data is collected, which extends the overall working life of the sensor and cable and ensures stability in a long-term operating environment.

9. A power distribution cable with a power distribution terminal abnormal position detection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distributed sensor unit is connected to an embedded data storage module via a data line, and the embedded data storage module is used to record and store historical data of the cable during operation; The embedded data storage module includes: an embedded storage chip, a power-off protection circuit and a historical data analysis interface; The embedded memory chip is connected to the signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module via a data line to record the data changes of each sensor, including voltage, current and vibration information; The power-off protection circuit can automatically protect and save data in the event of cable power failure / accidental failure to prevent data loss; The historical data analysis interface provides a USB / wireless interface to support rapid data export and analysis, facilitating on-site maintenance and abnormality analysis.

10. A power distribution cable with a power distribution terminal abnormal position detection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The embedded data storage module is connected with the signal acquisition and dynamic isolation module, abnormal state intelligence, precise positioning algorithm and self-healing function module through a data interface to store all operation data and historical fault information of the cable.

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