Vacuum electrode

Abstract

The invention discloses a vacuum electrode which comprises an electrode flange, a multi-layer electrode, an insulating positioning plate, a lock nut, a central electrode, an internal insulating ring, an insulating sealing gasket, a sealing ring and the like. All layers of the multi-layer electrode are coaxially and annularly arranged in a sleeved mode and are fixed between the insulation positioning plates through the locking nuts at the two ends, and therefore a stable electrode structure is formed. The insulating rings, the insulating sealing gaskets and the sealing rings are adopted between the electrode layers to achieve layer-by-layer shielding and sealing, and the current conduction capacity and the signal shielding performance of the electrodes can be effectively improved. The cable is suitable for a vacuum environment of large-current, large-power, high-voltage and high-frequency signal transmission, and has excellent heat dissipation performance, shock resistance and impact resistance and high reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the fields of electrical engineering and vacuum technology, and in particular to a sleeve-type vacuum electrode. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing demand for high voltage, vacuum and high current density environments in modern industry and scientific research, the performance and stability of vacuum electrodes, as core components in high voltage electrical equipment, accelerators, plasma experimental equipment and electron beam systems, are crucial to the working effect of the entire equipment. Vacuum electrodes are usually used for energy transmission and signal acquisition in high voltage and high current environments, requiring the electrodes to have excellent conductivity, good heat resistance, chemical stability and extremely high mechanical strength.

[0003] Traditional vacuum electrode designs usually use planar electrodes or simple cylindrical electrodes. Although these structures can meet basic requirements in some applications, due to their relatively simple structures, they often have problems such as uneven electrode contact, insufficient mechanical strength, poor heat dissipation, and poor sealing. Therefore, how to optimize the electrode structure and improve the electrode's electrical conductivity, heat dissipation, mechanical stability, and airtightness has become an important technical problem in current vacuum electrode design.

[0004] In addition, with the diversification of vacuum electrode application scenarios, the electrodes are required to adapt to more complex working environments. For example, in situations where frequent disassembly, maintenance or replacement is required, traditional electrode designs often cannot provide a convenient disassembly method, which increases the difficulty and cost of maintenance. Therefore, how to design a vacuum electrode with good mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, heat dissipation and sealing properties, and can provide convenient disassembly, installation and replacement methods, has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently in this technical field.

[0005] At present, although there are some vacuum electrode design solutions on the market, such as stepped electrodes, conical electrodes, and multi-layer combination electrodes, the performance optimization of these electrodes still has limitations, especially in high-power and high-current application environments, and still cannot effectively solve the temperature rise and electrical isolation problems of the electrodes. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new vacuum electrode design that can meet high performance requirements while improving the convenience of electrode disassembly and installation and adapting to the needs of various application environments. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention aims at the defects of the prior art and provides a vacuum electrode. By rationally optimizing the electrode structure, using appropriate materials, and combining the design of the electrode flange, the mechanical strength, electrical conductivity and heat dissipation performance of the electrode can be effectively improved, while simplifying the disassembly and replacement process of the electrode, and has high application value.

[0007] In order to achieve the above invention object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A vacuum electrode, comprising: an electrode flange 1, a multilayer electrode 2, an insulating positioning plate 3, a lock nut 4, a center electrode 5, an insulating ring 6, an insulating sealing gasket 7 and a sealing ring 8;

[0009] The multilayer electrode 2 is composed of a plurality of coaxially nested electrodes. The central electrode 5 is cylindrical and penetrates and installs the multilayer electrode 2 through axial fit. The outermost end of the multilayer electrode 2 is an electrode flange 1, which is used for electrical and mechanical connection with external equipment.

[0010] The insulating ring 6, insulating sealing pad 7 and sealing ring 8 are used to achieve electrical isolation and sealing between the electrodes;

[0011] The electrode flange 1, the multilayer electrode 2 and the central electrode 5 are combined into an electrode assembly;

[0012] The electrode assembly is fixed between the insulating positioning plates 3 through lock nuts 4 at the front and rear ends, and the central electrode 5 is used as a fixed axis; the insulating positioning plate 3 is provided with annular electrode positioning holes evenly distributed corresponding to each electrode.

[0013] Preferably, the electrodes are made of thick-walled tube material, and each layer of electrodes is an independent single material with good electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance.

[0014] Preferably, the electrode material is one or a combination of stainless steel, Hastelloy, copper, iron, and aluminum to improve the corrosion resistance, conductivity, and ability to adapt to different working environments of the electrode.

[0015] Preferably, each layer structure of the multilayer electrode 2 has a step-shaped design, so that each electrode is stacked layer by layer in the axial direction, thereby enhancing the mechanical strength of the electrode and being able to withstand large pulling forces in a vacuum environment.

[0016] Preferably, each layer of the multi-layer electrode 2 is a three-pole or five-pole multi-needle electrode, which is suitable for different power and signal transmission requirements, and all electrodes are evenly distributed in the annular hole of the electrode flange 1.

[0017] Preferably, the multilayer electrode 2 is connected to the lock nut 4 and the insulating positioning plate 3 by means of a threaded connection, and the structural design allows for rapid disassembly and replacement of the electrode assembly, thereby reducing the time and cost of maintenance and repair.

[0018] Preferably, the multi-layer electrodes 2 are arranged in a circular coaxial nested manner.

[0019] Preferably, the multilayer electrodes 2 are arranged in a conical coaxial nested manner.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. The vacuum electrode of the present invention can maximize the circuit conduction capacity within a limited conduction cross section by adopting a coaxial, annular sleeve design. This design improves the current carrying capacity and is particularly suitable for high current and high power applications, such as high voltage equipment, plasma equipment, etc. Compared with the traditional planar or simple cylindrical electrode structure, the electrode of the present invention can achieve more efficient current transmission and reduce energy loss.

[0022] 2. The present invention effectively avoids the problem that traditional electrodes are difficult to shield well when connected to the housing through the layered shielding structure of the coaxial electrodes. This design greatly improves the shielding effect of the signal and can prevent the influence of external electromagnetic interference on the performance of the electrode, thereby ensuring the stability and accuracy of the signal. It is particularly suitable for application scenarios that require high-precision signal transmission, such as precision instruments and sensor systems.

[0023] 3. The use of annular electrodes and layered structure design can maximize the electrode surface area, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect. The efficient heat dissipation performance can effectively reduce the temperature rise of the electrode when working at high current and high power, avoid electrode damage or performance degradation due to overheating, and increase the service life of the electrode. It is suitable for rapid cooling and heating working environments.

[0024] 4. The vacuum electrode of the present invention adopts a structural design of stacking different materials, and can select electrodes of different materials according to actual application requirements, such as stainless steel, Hastelloy, copper, aluminum and other metal materials, with good corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance and electrical conductivity. Compared with traditional single-material electrodes, the present invention can flexibly select materials according to different working environments, further enhancing the adaptability and durability of the electrode.

[0025] 5. The electrode design of the present invention adopts a detachable structure. The electrode assembly is fixed by a lock nut and an insulating positioning plate. The electrode can be easily and quickly disassembled and replaced, greatly reducing the complexity of maintenance and replacement. Unlike traditional electrodes that require complex welding or special processing, the design of the present invention makes maintenance work more convenient and reduces maintenance costs and downtime.

[0026] 6. The stepped or conical electrode structure design, combined with high-precision manufacturing technology, ensures the mechanical strength of the electrode assembly, can withstand higher tension and pressure, and prevents deformation or damage under high load conditions. At the same time, the structural design of the electrode can effectively reduce vibration, improve the seismic performance of the electrode in vibration and impact environments, and ensure its reliability under harsh working conditions.

[0027] 7. The electrode of the present invention is not only suitable for traditional low-pressure environments, but can also be used under various working conditions such as vacuum, negative pressure, positive pressure and bidirectional pressure. The fine-tuning of the structure enables it to adapt to more complex and changeable working environments, and has broad application prospects.

[0028] 8. The present invention greatly improves the reliability and service life of the electrode by optimizing the structural design, material selection and manufacturing process of the electrode. The electrode can operate stably for a long time under high current, high voltage and complex working conditions, reducing the frequency of shutdown and maintenance caused by electrode damage, thereby improving the operating efficiency and stability of the entire system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a stereoscopic diagram of the annular sleeve-type vacuum electrode according to Example 1 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the annular sleeve-type vacuum electrode according to Example 1 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the annular sleeve-type vacuum electrode according to Example 1 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 4 It is a stereoscopic diagram of a conical sleeve-type vacuum electrode according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the conical sleeve-type vacuum electrode structure of Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0035] Example 1: Stepped sleeve-type vacuum electrode

[0036] 1. Structural design: Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the vacuum electrode in this embodiment is composed of multiple components, mainly including an electrode flange 1, a multi-layer electrode 2, an insulating positioning plate 3, a lock nut 4, a central electrode 5, an internal insulating ring 6, an insulating sealing pad 7 and a sealing ring 8. The multi-layer electrode 2 is coaxially and annularly arranged, and is axially matched on the central electrode 5. All electrodes are fixed between the insulating positioning plates 3 by the lock nuts 4 at both ends. The multi-layer electrode 2 is set in a stepped manner, and each electrode is made of thick-walled tubes of different specifications. In order to ensure a stable electric field distribution, the insulating positioning plate 3 is provided with annularly evenly distributed electrode positioning holes corresponding to each electrode. With the central electrode 5 as the axis and the insulating positioning plate 3 as the bottom, the electrodes are inserted layer by layer into the corresponding holes of the insulating positioning plate 3, and then the insulating positioning plate 3 on the top is assembled, and the locking nuts at both ends are tightened to fix each electrode.

[0037] All electrodes are locked on the center electrode 5 by nuts at both ends, which can prevent external gases from entering the vacuum environment. In addition, the insulating sealing ring, insulating pad and sealing ring 8 can effectively isolate the outside from the vacuum environment to ensure the performance of the electrode. When repairing or replacing, you only need to loosen the lock nuts 4 at both ends, which is convenient and quick, and can achieve rapid disassembly and assembly. The electrodes have a step design between the electrodes so that each electrode is axially stacked on the center electrode 5, with high mechanical strength, which can withstand the large pulling force during vacuuming. This structural design does not require welding technology, avoiding various disadvantages in welding. Since all accessories are machined and manufactured with high dimensional accuracy, the double nut locking design ensures high vacuum sealing.

[0038] This set structure can be made into different multi-needle vacuum electrodes such as triode and pentode according to needs. The annular distribution holes of the insulating positioning plates 3 at both ends evenly distribute the electrodes, maximize the circuit conduction section within the limited section, and achieve high current conduction capacity. The insulating positioning plates 3 at both ends limit the circumferential and radial movement of the multi-layer electrode 2. The lock nuts 4 at both ends of the insulating positioning plates 3 are used to prevent the axial movement of the multi-layer electrode 2. The central electrode 5 is one of the electrodes and the central locking axis of the entire product. Its diameter is much larger than that of the electrodes of similar products on the market, and is more suitable for large currents.

[0039] 2. Electrode material selection: The electrode materials in this embodiment can be selected from materials such as gold, silver, stainless steel, Hastelloy, copper, iron, aluminum, etc. Different material combinations can be selected according to different application requirements. Electrodes made of these metal materials have good electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance, and are suitable for use in vacuum environments.

[0040] 3. Isolation and sealing between electrodes: Insulation rings 6 and insulation seals 7 are provided between each electrode. Insulation rings 6 are used to ensure electrical isolation between electrodes to prevent current leakage. Insulation seals 7 are used to ensure that the electrodes have high vacuum sealing during use to prevent external gases from entering the vacuum environment. In addition, the sealing rings 8 and insulation rings 6 can also effectively shield electromagnetic interference and ensure signal stability.

[0041] 4. Fixing and installation of electrodes: All electrodes are connected in series through the central electrode 5, which serves as both one of the electrodes and the fixed axis of the entire electrode assembly. Each layer of electrodes adopts a ring structure, fixed by an insulating positioning plate 3, and locked with lock nuts 4 at both ends to ensure the stability of the electrodes during operation and prevent axial movement and radial dislocation of the electrodes.

[0042] 5. Current conduction capacity of electrodes: Each electrode forms a coaxial structure with the support of the central electrode 5, which maximizes the circuit conduction cross-section and thus achieves high current conduction capacity. Due to the step design of the electrode structure, each electrode is stacked in layers in the axial direction, which enhances the mechanical strength and can withstand the tensile force during vacuuming and the thermal stress in the high current working environment.

[0043] 6. Shielding and heat dissipation design: The electrode design in this embodiment fully considers signal shielding and heat management. The layered shielding structure between the electrodes improves the electromagnetic shielding effect, which is particularly suitable for the transmission of high-frequency signals and coaxial cables. The annular structure of the electrode increases the surface heat dissipation area and optimizes the current density distribution, so that the electrode has good heat dissipation performance under high current and high voltage conditions.

[0044] 7. Maintenance and replacement: The electrode in this embodiment has a detachable design. When repairing, you only need to loosen the lock nuts 4 at both ends, which is convenient and quick. Since no welding process is used, the maintenance and replacement of the electrode is simpler, and there is no need to disassemble the entire electrode and perform complicated maintenance operations.

[0045] Example 2: Conical sleeve vacuum electrode

[0046] 1. Structural design: Compared with Example 1, Figure 4 and 5 As shown, the vacuum electrode of this embodiment adopts a conical structure. The conical electrode has a smaller volume than the stepped electrode and is suitable for places with limited space. The conical electrode is composed of multiple electrodes, and each electrode is isolated and electrically isolated by a double insulating ring 6.

[0047] 2. Electrode material selection: This embodiment also uses metal materials with high conductivity and high corrosion resistance, such as gold, silver, stainless steel, Hastelloy, copper, iron, aluminum, etc. The electrode materials of different layers can be adjusted as needed to adapt to different working environments and electrical requirements. Compared with the stepped electrode, the conical electrode design has a smaller volume and a more compact structure under the same specifications.

[0048] 3. Electrode fixing and installation: In this embodiment, the electrode assembly is fixed by crimping, clamping the electrode layer and the insulating ring 6 together to avoid using a complicated welding process. The insulating ring 6 can effectively isolate the electrode layers to ensure electrical isolation and vacuum sealing.

[0049] 4. Current conduction capability and heat dissipation design: The conical electrode improves the uniformity of current density through its compact structural design. The material selection of the electrode ensures the current conduction capability and has good thermal management performance. The conical structure of the electrode can also ensure good heat dissipation effect and is suitable for high current and high power conditions.

[0050] 5. Signal shielding performance: The conical electrode structure also has good electromagnetic shielding capabilities and is suitable for signal transmission and electromagnetic interference sensitive application scenarios. The shielding layer between the electrodes can effectively prevent the influence of external electromagnetic interference on the signal and ensure the stability of signal transmission.

[0051] 6. Maintenance and replacement: This embodiment also designs a structure that is easy to maintain and replace, and the crimping method makes electrode replacement easier. When the electrode needs to be replaced, it can be completed by simply loosening the locking device, reducing maintenance time and cost.

[0052] Example 3: Materials and multilayer combination electrodes

[0053] 1. Structural design: The vacuum electrode in this embodiment uses a combination of multiple materials to improve the performance and adaptability of the electrode. According to actual application requirements, different layers of the electrode can use different metal materials, and even different alloy materials can be selected, which has high customization.

[0054] 2. Material combination: In this embodiment, the outer layer of the electrode can be made of a material with strong corrosion resistance such as Hastelloy or stainless steel, while the inner electrode can be made of a material with good electrical conductivity such as copper or aluminum. This material combination not only improves the corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance of the electrode, but also meets the electrical conductivity requirements in different working environments.

[0055] 3. Structural optimization: The insulating ring 6, insulating gasket 7 and sealing ring 8 between each layer of electrodes ensure the electrical isolation between the electrodes and effectively avoid current leakage or short circuit. The sealing structure outside the electrode provides a better shielding effect through the ring design, which can effectively prevent external electromagnetic interference.

[0056] 4. Scope of application: The multilayer electrode 2 structure in this embodiment has a wider range of applications and is suitable for extreme working environments such as high power, high current, and high voltage, and is particularly suitable for equipment that needs to work stably for a long time and withstand heavy loads.

[0057] The physical quantity conductivity formula of the conductive performance of an object is as follows:

[0058] G=σA / L

[0059] Where G is the material conductivity, σ is the conductivity, A is the conductor area, and L is the conductor length.

[0060] It is not difficult to see from the formula that under the same material, that is, the same conductivity, the conductive effect is only related to the structure. The annular electrode structure of the present invention has an area of ​​each electrode that is much larger than the needle structure of the traditional electrode product, so the conductive effect will be much better than similar products.

[0061] In addition, the electrode material is a combination of one or more of stainless steel, Hastelloy, copper, iron, and aluminum. The electrode materials can be specifically combined and manufactured according to the specific requirements of different working conditions, or the conductive effect or the high strength requirement while conducting electricity.

[0062] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments described herein are intended to help readers understand the implementation methods of the present invention, and should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to such special statements and embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific variations and combinations that do not deviate from the essence of the present invention based on the technical revelations disclosed by the present invention, and these variations and combinations are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vacuum electrode, characterized in that: include: Electrode flange (1), multi-layer electrode (2), insulating positioning plate (3), lock nut (4), center electrode (5), insulating ring (6), insulating sealing gasket (7) and sealing ring (8); The multilayer electrode (2) is composed of multiple layers of coaxially nested electrodes, the central electrode (5) is cylindrical, and the multilayer electrode (2) is installed through axial matching, the outermost end of the multilayer electrode (2) is an electrode flange (1), and the electrode flange (1) is used to electrically and mechanically connect with external equipment; The insulating ring (6), insulating sealing pad (7) and sealing ring (8) are used to achieve electrical isolation and sealing between the electrodes; The electrode flange (1), the multilayer electrode (2) and the central electrode (5) are combined into an electrode assembly; The electrode assembly is fixed between the insulating positioning plates (3) through lock nuts (4) at the front and rear ends, and the central electrode (5) is used as a fixed axis. The insulating positioning plates (3) are provided with annular electrode positioning holes evenly distributed corresponding to each electrode.

2. The vacuum electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrodes are made of thick-walled tube material, and each layer of electrodes is an independent single material.

3. The vacuum electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrode material is one or a combination of stainless steel, Hastelloy, copper, iron, and aluminum.

4. The vacuum electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each layer structure of the multilayer electrode (2) has a step-shaped design, so that the electrodes are stacked layer by layer in the axial direction.

5. The vacuum electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each layer of the multi-layer electrode (2) is a three-pole or five-pole multi-needle electrode suitable for different power and signal transmission requirements, and all electrodes are evenly distributed in the annular hole of the electrode flange (1).

6. The vacuum electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multilayer electrode (2) is connected to the lock nut (4) and the insulating positioning plate (3) by means of a threaded connection, and can be quickly disassembled and replaced.

7. The vacuum electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The multilayer electrodes (2) are arranged in a circular, coaxial, nested manner.

8. The vacuum electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The multilayer electrodes (2) are arranged in a conical coaxial nested manner.

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