Multi-mode whirling electromagnetic wave generator

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave generator, which comprises a quantity-adjustable metasurface conditional displacement operator and a quantity-adjustable metasurface coin toss operator. The metasurface conditional displacement operator comprises a first dielectric substrate, a first metal layer and a second dielectric substrate; a plurality of first metal sheets are arranged on the first dielectric substrate, the plurality of first metal sheets are arranged at a first gradually changing rotation angle, and the plurality of first metal sheets are all cross-shaped; a plurality of first holes are arranged on the first metal layer, and a plurality of second metal sheets are arranged in the plurality of first holes; the metasurface coin toss operator comprises a third dielectric substrate, a second metal layer and a fourth dielectric substrate; a plurality of third metal sheets are arranged on the third dielectric substrate, the plurality of third metal sheets are arranged at a second gradually changing rotation angle, and the plurality of third metal sheets are all cuboids; a plurality of second holes are arranged on the second metal layer, and a plurality of fourth metal sheets are arranged in the plurality of second holes.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electromagnetic wave generators, and particularly relates to a multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave generator. BACKGROUND

[0002] An electromagnetic wave generator is a device for generating electromagnetic waves. In the related art, the mode number of vortex electromagnetic waves generated by the electromagnetic wave generator is fixed after the structure is fixed, and the vortex electromagnetic waves of multiple mode numbers cannot be generated. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to provide a multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave generator capable of generating vortex electromagnetic waves of multiple mode numbers.

[0004] The present application provides a multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave generator, comprising:

[0005] A number-adjustable metasurface conditional displacement operator, the metasurface conditional displacement operator comprising a first dielectric substrate, a first metal layer and a second dielectric substrate which are sequentially and layerwisely arranged; a plurality of first metal pieces are arranged on the first dielectric substrate, the plurality of first metal pieces are arranged at a first gradually changing rotation angle, and the plurality of first metal pieces are all cruciforms; a plurality of first holes are arranged on the first metal layer, a plurality of second metal pieces are arranged in the plurality of first holes, the number and positions of the plurality of second metal pieces correspond to those of the plurality of first metal pieces, the plurality of second metal pieces are arranged at the first gradually changing rotation angle, and the plurality of second metal pieces are all cruciforms.

[0006] A number-adjustable metasurface coin toss operator, the metasurface coin toss operator comprising a third dielectric substrate, a second metal layer and a fourth dielectric substrate which are sequentially and layerwisely arranged; a plurality of third metal pieces are arranged on the third dielectric substrate, the plurality of third metal pieces are arranged at a second gradually changing rotation angle, and the plurality of third metal pieces are all cuboids; a plurality of second holes are arranged on the second metal layer, a plurality of fourth metal pieces are arranged in the plurality of second holes, the number and positions of the plurality of fourth metal pieces correspond to those of the plurality of third metal pieces, the plurality of fourth metal pieces are arranged at the second gradually changing rotation angle, and the plurality of fourth metal pieces are all cuboids.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present application, the first gradually changing rotation angle and the second gradually changing rotation angle are both adjustable.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present application, the first gradually changing rotation angle and the second gradually changing rotation angle are both 45°.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present application, the materials of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are any one of FR-4 and silicon dioxide.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present application, the material of the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate is any one of FR-4 and silicon dioxide.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present application, the material of the first metal layer is any one of gold, silver and copper.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present application, the material of the second metal layer is any one of gold, silver and copper.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present application, the axis of the metasurface conditional displacement operator and the metasurface coin toss operator coincide.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present application, the first metal sheet comprises a first bar-shaped portion and a second bar-shaped portion intersecting each other, the length of the first bar-shaped portion is 5.8 mm, the width of the first bar-shaped portion is 1.1 mm, the thickness of the first bar-shaped portion is 0.2 mm, the length of the second bar-shaped portion is 4.5 mm, the width of the second bar-shaped portion is 1.1 mm, and the thickness of the second bar-shaped portion is 0.2 mm.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present application, the length of the third metal sheet is 5.8 mm, the width of the third metal sheet is 1.1 mm, and the thickness of the third metal sheet is 0.2 mm.

[0016] In the embodiments of the present application, by stacking the metasurface conditional displacement operator and the metasurface coin toss operator, the number of the metasurface conditional displacement operator and the metasurface coin toss operator is changed, so as to generate a multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave.

[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be made apparent from the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments, wherein:

[0019] Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of a multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave generator provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown;

[0020] Figure 2 A structural exploded schematic diagram of a metasurface conditional displacement operator provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown;

[0021] Figure 3 A structural exploded schematic diagram of a metasurface coin toss operator provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown;

[0022] Figure 4A schematic structural diagram of a first dielectric substrate of a metasurface conditional displacement operator provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of the first metal layer of the metasurface conditional displacement operator provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of the third dielectric substrate of the metasurface coin tossing operator provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 7 A schematic structural diagram of the second metal layer of the metasurface coin tossing operator provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 8 A diagram showing the energy distribution simulation test results of the vortex electromagnetic wave generated by the multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave generator provided in an embodiment of the present application when the number of transmissions is one;

[0027] Figure 9 A diagram showing the energy distribution simulation test results of the vortex electromagnetic waves generated by the multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave generator provided in an embodiment of the present application when the number of transmissions is two;

[0028] Figure 10 A diagram showing the energy distribution simulation test results of the vortex electromagnetic waves generated by the multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave generator provided in an embodiment of the present application when the number of transmissions is three;

[0029] Figure 11 A diagram showing the energy distribution simulation test results of the vortex electromagnetic waves generated by the multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave generator provided in an embodiment of the present application when the number of transmissions is four;

[0030] Figure 12 This is a diagram showing the energy distribution simulation test results of the vortex electromagnetic waves generated by the multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave generator provided in an embodiment of the present application when the number of transmissions is five.

[0031] Reference numerals:

[0032] Metasurface conditional displacement operator 100, first dielectric substrate 110, first metal layer 120, second dielectric substrate 130, first metal sheet 140, second metal sheet 150, first hole 160, metasurface coin tossing operator 200, third dielectric substrate 210, second metal layer 220, fourth dielectric substrate 230, third metal sheet 240, fourth metal sheet 250, second hole 260. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following describes in detail embodiments of the present application. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.

[0034] In the description of this application, it should be understood that descriptions involving orientation, such as the orientation or positional relationship indicated by up, down, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application.

[0035] In the description of this application, "a plurality" refers to more than two. The use of "first" or "second" is solely for the purpose of distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated, or implicitly indicating the order of the technical features indicated.

[0036] In the description of this application, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as setting, installing, and connecting should be understood in a broad sense, and technicians in the relevant technical field can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0037] Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) is mainly used in the following fields:

[0038] 1. Communication Technology: Wireless communications primarily rely on the electric field intensity dimension of plane electromagnetic waves. With the continuous iterative development of science and technology, methods used to improve spectrum efficiency in the time, frequency, code, spatial, and polarization domains have gradually become saturated, limited by the MIMO capacity limit. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new dimensions. Breaking through the classic transmission method of plane electromagnetic waves from the perspective of the physical properties of electromagnetic waves is of great significance. Using OAM as a new dimension of wireless communications is characterized by the fact that the number of OAM modes does not change after direct radiation, reflection, and scattering, thus getting rid of the energy divergence problem of traditional vortex electromagnetic waves and being suitable for long-distance multiplexing transmission.

[0039] Optical Imaging: In optical imaging, OAM is used to improve image resolution and the ability to detect fine structures. Leveraging the OAM properties of light beams, applications such as ultra-high-resolution microscopy and lidar imaging can be achieved.

[0040] 3. Quantum information processing: Using OAM to realize the encoding and transmission of quantum bits. By controlling the OAM state of photons, more efficient quantum computing and more secure quantum communication can be achieved.

[0041] 4. Materials Processing: Utilizing the OAM state of a beam enables precise cutting of materials, providing a more efficient laser processing method. Furthermore, by manipulating the OAM state of the beam, micro- and nano-processing of materials can be achieved, providing new development directions for nanotechnology and photonics.

[0042] Currently, the methods for generating vortex electromagnetic waves can be broadly divided into the following categories. The first category: using a stepped spiral phase plate to convert a plane wavefront into a spiral wavefront. This method has a simple structure but high machining accuracy and is mainly used in high-frequency bands. The second category: using spiral phase feeding in an array antenna to generate vortex electromagnetic waves. This method can be used in the microwave band with lower frequencies, but the antenna and feeding structures are quite complex, especially when the number of OAM electromagnetic wave modes is large, making implementation extremely difficult. The third category: using a circular traveling waveguide with orthogonal feeding to achieve vortex electromagnetic waves. However, the number of vortex electromagnetic wave modes and operating frequency are fixed with the structure, resulting in low flexibility. The fourth category: generating vortex electromagnetic waves based on artificial surface plasmons, which also requires careful design and precision machining.

[0043] However, the existing electromagnetic wave generator, once its structure is fixed, the pattern of the generated vortex electromagnetic wave is correspondingly fixed and has low flexibility.

[0044] In order to solve the above problems, the present application proposes a multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave generator.

[0045] Refer to the following Figures 1 to 12 A multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave generator according to an embodiment of the present application is described.

[0046] The present application embodiment provides a multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave generator, such as Figure 1 Shown, including:

[0047] The number of adjustable metasurface conditional displacement operators 100, such as Figure 2 As shown, the metasurface conditional displacement operator 100 includes a first dielectric substrate 110, a first metal layer 120, and a second dielectric substrate 130 stacked in sequence. Figure 4 As shown, a plurality of first metal sheets 140 are disposed on the first dielectric substrate 110. The plurality of first metal sheets 140 are arranged at a first gradually rotating angle, and the plurality of first metal sheets 140 are all cross-shaped. Figure 5 As shown, a plurality of first holes 160 are provided on the first metal layer 120, and a plurality of second metal sheets 150 are provided in the plurality of first holes 160. The number and position of the plurality of second metal sheets 150 correspond to the plurality of first metal sheets 140. The plurality of second metal sheets 150 are arranged at a first gradually rotating angle, and the plurality of second metal sheets 150 are all cross-shaped.

[0048] The number of metasurface coin-tossing operators 200 is adjustable, such as Figure 3 As shown, the metasurface coin flipping operator 200 includes a third dielectric substrate 210, a second metal layer 220, and a fourth dielectric substrate 230 stacked in sequence. Figure 6 As shown, a plurality of third metal sheets 240 are disposed on the third dielectric substrate 210. The plurality of third metal sheets 240 are arranged at a second gradually rotating angle, and the plurality of third metal sheets 240 are all rectangular parallelepipeds. Figure 7 As shown, a plurality of second holes 260 are provided on the second metal layer 220, and a plurality of fourth metal sheets 250 are provided in the plurality of second holes 260. The number and position of the plurality of fourth metal sheets 250 correspond to those of the plurality of third metal sheets 240. The plurality of fourth metal sheets 250 are arranged at a second gradual rotation angle, and the plurality of fourth metal sheets 250 are all rectangular.

[0049] The multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave generator provided in the embodiment of the present application has a simple structure and does not require redesign. It only needs to stack the metasurface conditional displacement operator 100 and the metasurface coin tossing operator 200 and change the number of the metasurface conditional displacement operator 100 and the metasurface coin tossing operator 200 to generate a multi-mode number of vortex electromagnetic waves.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present application, the second metal layer 220 of the metasurface coin tossing operator 200 is used to adjust the phase.

[0051] In one embodiment of the present application, both the first gradual rotation angle and the second gradual rotation angle are adjustable.

[0052] In this embodiment, by adjusting the first gradual rotation angle and the second gradual rotation angle of the metasurface coin tossing operator 200 and the conditional displacement operator, a vortex electromagnetic wave with asymmetric energy distribution of each mode number can be generated.

[0053] In one embodiment of the present application, the first gradual rotation angle and the second gradual rotation angle are both 45°.

[0054] In this embodiment, when the first gradual rotation angle and the second gradual rotation angle are both 45°, a vortex electromagnetic wave with symmetrical energy distribution of each mode number can be generated.

[0055] In one embodiment of the present application, the material of the first dielectric substrate 110 and the second dielectric substrate 130 is any one of FR-4 and silicon dioxide.

[0056] In one embodiment of the present application, the material of the third dielectric substrate 210 and the fourth dielectric substrate 230 is any one of FR-4 and silicon dioxide.

[0057] In one embodiment of the present application, the material of the first metal layer 120 is any one of gold, silver and copper. The first metal layer 120 may also be made of other good conductor materials.

[0058] In one embodiment of the present application, the material of the second metal layer 220 is any one of gold, silver and copper. The second metal layer 220 may also be made of other good conductor materials.

[0059] In one embodiment of the present application, Figure 1 As shown, the first dielectric substrate 110 , the first metal layer 120 , the second dielectric substrate 130 , the third dielectric substrate 210 , the second metal layer 220 and the fourth dielectric substrate 230 are all disc-shaped, and the axes of the metasurface conditional displacement operator 100 and the metasurface coin tossing operator 200 coincide.

[0060] In some embodiments of the present application, the metasurface conditional displacement operator 100 and the metasurface coin tossing operator 200 are arranged in concentric circles and fixed by a square truss.

[0061] In one embodiment of the present application, Figure 2 As shown, the first metal sheet 140 includes a first strip portion and a second strip portion that cross each other, the length of the first strip portion is 5.8 mm, the width of the first strip portion is 1.1 mm, and the thickness of the first strip portion is 0.2 mm, the length of the second strip portion is 4.5 mm, the width of the second strip portion is 1.1 mm, and the thickness of the second strip portion is 0.2 mm.

[0062] In one embodiment of the present application, Figure 2 As shown, the second metal sheet 150 and the first metal sheet 140 have the same shape and size.

[0063] According to some embodiments of the present application, the length of the third metal sheet 240 is 5.8 mm, the width of the third metal sheet 240 is 1.1 mm, and the thickness of the third metal sheet 240 is 0.2 mm.

[0064] In one embodiment of the present application, Figure 3 As shown, the fourth metal sheet 250 and the third metal sheet 240 have the same shape and size.

[0065] The implementation principle of the present application based on quantum walk is explained below.

[0066] A classical optical system simulating discrete-time quantum walks is established using metasurfaces. The coin space is represented by the orthogonal polarization states of the incident beam, and the position space of the walker is represented by the orbital angular momentum mode number. The conditional displacement operator and coin tossing operator are respectively implemented through metasurface structure design. The mathematical model of the metasurface conditional displacement operator 100 in classical optics is:

[0067]

[0068] where Q is a quantity related to the particle energy, |l> is the OAM eigenstate, |L> is the left circularly polarized wave, and |R> is the right circularly polarized wave.

[0069] The conditional displacement operator generates a vortex electromagnetic wave with a positive or negative mode number according to the direction of the left or right circularly polarized wave, which is equivalent to a step in quantum walk according to the state of the coin.

[0070] The mathematical model of the super surface coin toss operator 200 is:

[0071]

[0072] where |L> is the left circularly polarized wave, and |R> is the right circularly polarized wave, is the superposition state of the left and right circularly polarized waves.

[0073] The super surface coin toss operator 200 can convert the left or right circularly polarized wave in the wave beam after the conditional displacement operator into a uniform superposition state of left and right circularly polarized waves. By superimposing the mathematical models of the super surface conditional displacement operator 100 and the super surface coin toss operator 200, the following mathematical model can be obtained:

[0074]

[0075] where |l+2q> and |l-2q> are OAM eigenstates, representing the addition or subtraction of the mode number of the vortex electromagnetic wave, are the superposition states of the left and right circularly polarized waves, respectively.

[0076] This mathematical model describes the generation process of vortex electromagnetic waves.

[0077] The mathematical model of quantum walk is:

[0078]

[0079] where H is the coin toss operation, I is the unit operator acting on the walker, S is the conditional walk operator, indicating that the walker walks one step to the left or right according to the state of the coin, |j+1> represents the position of the lattice, is the spin state of the particle.

[0080] By comparing the mathematical model obtained by superimposing the super surface conditional displacement operator 100 and the super surface coin toss operator 200 with the mathematical model of quantum walk, it is not difficult to see that their mathematical forms are consistent. In quantum walk, the position state of the walker can be marked by the OAM mode in the wave beam, and the mode number of the vortex electromagnetic wave generated after multiple transmissions can be calculated, as well as the proportion of each mode number vortex electromagnetic wave.

[0081] Therefore, quantum walking can be realized in OAM space, and it is feasible to simulate the process of quantum walking with light beams. By using the metasurface conditional displacement operator 100 and the metasurface coin tossing operator 200 and freely combining them, it is ultimately possible to flexibly generate multi-mode vortex electromagnetic waves based on the idea of ​​quantum walking.

[0082] like Figures 8 to 12 Simulation test results of the energy distribution of vortex electromagnetic waves generated by a multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave generator provided by an embodiment of the present application, superimposed with a metasurface conditional displacement operator 100 and a metasurface coin-tossing operator 200, for transmission times ranging from one to five. Table 1 shows the energy contribution of each mode of the vortex electromagnetic wave generated by the multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave generator provided by an embodiment of the present application at different transmission times.

[0083] Table 1. Energy proportion of each mode number of vortex electromagnetic wave

[0084]

[0085] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes can be made within the scope of knowledge possessed by ordinary technicians in the relevant technical field without departing from the purpose of the present application.

Claims

1. A multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave generator, characterized in that: include: A metasurface conditional displacement operator with an adjustable number, wherein the metasurface conditional displacement operator comprises a first dielectric substrate, a first metal layer, and a second dielectric substrate stacked in sequence; A plurality of first metal sheets are provided on the first dielectric substrate, the plurality of first metal sheets are arranged at a first gradually rotating angle, and the plurality of first metal sheets are all cross-shaped; a plurality of first holes are provided on the first metal layer, a plurality of second metal sheets are provided in the plurality of first holes, the plurality of second metal sheets correspond in number and position to the plurality of first metal sheets, the plurality of second metal sheets are arranged at the first gradually rotating angle, and the plurality of second metal sheets are all cross-shaped; A metasurface coin-tossing operator with an adjustable number includes a third dielectric substrate, a second metal layer, and a fourth dielectric substrate stacked in sequence; a plurality of third metal sheets are provided on the third dielectric substrate, the plurality of third metal sheets are arranged at a second gradual rotation angle, and the plurality of third metal sheets are all rectangular parallelepipeds; a plurality of second holes are provided on the second metal layer, a plurality of fourth metal sheets are provided in the plurality of second holes, the plurality of fourth metal sheets correspond in number and position to the plurality of third metal sheets, the plurality of fourth metal sheets are arranged at the second gradual rotation angle, and the plurality of fourth metal sheets are all rectangular parallelepipeds.

2. The multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the first gradual rotation angle and the second gradual rotation angle are adjustable.

3. The multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first gradual rotation angle and the second gradual rotation angle are both 45°.

4. The multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate is any one of FR-4 and silicon dioxide.

5. The multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate is any one of FR-4 and silicon dioxide.

6. The multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the first metal layer is any one of gold, silver and copper.

7. The multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the second metal layer is any one of gold, silver and copper.

8. The multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axes of the metasurface conditional displacement operator and the metasurface coin tossing operator coincide.

9. The multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first metal sheet includes a first strip portion and a second strip portion that cross each other, the length of the first strip portion is 5.8 mm, the width of the first strip portion is 1.1 mm, and the thickness of the first strip portion is 0.2 mm, the length of the second strip portion is 4.5 mm, the width of the second strip portion is 1.1 mm, and the thickness of the second strip portion is 0.2 mm.

10. The multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the third metal sheet is 5.8 mm, the width of the third metal sheet is 1.1 mm, and the thickness of the third metal sheet is 0.2 mm.

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