Liquid drop generator

Abstract

The invention provides a droplet generator, which belongs to the field of energy collection and comprises a fixed bracket, a bulk effect power generation structure and an electromagnetic induction power generation structure. The bulk effect power generation structure is rotationally connected with the two sides of the fixed support through a rotating shaft and comprises a plurality of blades arranged in a surrounding mode in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft, and a shared electrode, two dielectric layers and a top electrode which are arranged on the outer side of each blade. The two magnets are opposite in magnetism; the electromagnetic induction electrodes are arranged on the two sides of the bulk effect power generation structure in the axial direction of the rotating shaft and form an electromagnetic induction power generation structure with the shared electrode; after the liquid drops drop to the dielectric layer, under the driving of gravitational potential energy, the liquid drops spread out and are in contact with the top electrode to form electrostatic induction, and electrons are driven to flow in a loop of the top electrode and the shared electrode to form current; meanwhile, after the liquid drops drop to the dielectric layer, potential energy of the liquid drops is converted into kinetic energy of the blades, and current is formed through change of magnetic flux of the shared electrode. The energy collection effect can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of energy collection, and in particular relates to a droplet generator. Background Art

[0003] With the further exploration of nanoparticles in modern industry, people have found that friction nanotechnology can be used to collect various tiny energies and realize energy conversion. In recent years, due to the in-depth research on nanotechnology, nanomaterials with various characteristics have been discovered and combined with friction nanopower generation technology to achieve efficient energy conversion. At present, the application of friction nanogenerators (TENGs) has covered research fields such as smart medical care, self-powered sensors, and deep-water communications. The use of TENGs to achieve energy collection often has the advantages of low cost and simple production. However, there are also certain limitations in the use of TENGs for power generation. TENG power generation often cannot output high voltage and high current due to material and structural reasons, thus affecting its energy collection effect. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a droplet generator, comprising:

[0005] Fixed bracket, U-shaped structure;

[0006] A body effect power generation structure is located inside the fixed support and is rotatably connected to both sides of the fixed support through a rotating shaft. The body effect power generation structure includes a plurality of blades arranged around the rotating shaft, and a common electrode, two dielectric layers and a top electrode arranged outside each blade. The common electrode is composed of a plurality of turns of copper wire wound on the blade, and the two dielectric layers are symmetrically arranged outside the common electrode. The top electrode is located outside the dielectric layer.

[0007] The electromagnetic induction power generation structure is located inside the fixed bracket and includes two magnets with opposite magnetic properties. The two magnets with opposite magnetic properties are arranged on both sides of the body effect power generation structure along the axial direction of the rotating shaft. The two magnets with opposite magnetic properties and a shared electrode form the electromagnetic induction power generation structure.

[0008] When the droplets fall onto the dielectric layer, driven by the gravitational potential energy, the droplets spread and contact the top electrode to form electrostatic induction, driving electrons to flow in the loop between the top electrode and the shared electrode to form an electric current; at the same time, when the droplets fall onto the dielectric layer, the potential energy of the droplets is converted into kinetic energy of the blades, and the magnetic flux of the shared electrode changes to form an electric current.

[0009] Preferably, the common electrode is an insulating enameled copper wire with 60 turns and a diameter of 0.3 mm.

[0010] Preferably, the top electrode is a paint-free conductive copper wire with 1 turn and a diameter of 0.3 mm, and the two ends of the top electrode pass through two small holes on the blade.

[0011] Preferably, the top electrode is a copper wire with 1 turn and a diameter of 0.3 mm.

[0012] Preferably, the dielectric layer is fluorinated ethylene propylene FEP with a thickness of 0.08 mm.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes a support, and the plurality of blades are fixedly connected to the rotating shaft via the support.

[0014] Preferably, the two magnets with opposite magnetic properties are respectively abutted against two side walls of the fixed bracket, and are both abutted against the bottom of the fixed bracket, and the magnetism of the magnets is 2500Gs.

[0015] Preferably, the blades and the supports are both manufactured by 3D printing.

[0016] The droplet generator provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The present invention can combine the body effect power generation structure and the electromagnetic induction power generation structure through a shared electrode. When the droplets fall onto the dielectric layer, driven by the gravitational potential energy, the droplets spread and contact each other with the top electrode to form electrostatic induction, driving the electrons to flow in the loop of the top electrode and the shared electrode to form a current. At the same time, when the droplets fall onto the dielectric layer, the potential energy of the droplets is converted into kinetic energy of the blades, and the magnetic flux of the shared electrode changes to form a current. The present invention can complement the high voltage and low current output characteristics of body effect power generation with the high current and low voltage output characteristics of electromagnetic induction phenomenon, achieve high voltage and high current output, and thus improve the utilization rate of droplet energy. Compared with TENG power generation, the present invention has obvious voltage and current advantages and improves the energy collection effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiment of the present invention and its design scheme, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for this embodiment. The drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the body effect power generation structure;

[0021] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the body effect power generation structure;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a working principle diagram of the present invention, wherein: Figure 4 (a) is the principle of electromagnetic induction power generation; Figure 4 (b) Principle of bulk effect droplet power generation;

[0023] Figure 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the present invention, wherein: Figure 5 (a) is the equivalent capacitance diagram; Figure 5 (b) is the equivalent circuit diagram;

[0024] Figure 6 is the output characteristic of the droplet generator, where Figure 6 (a) is the output voltage of the body effect power generation structure; Figure 6 (b) is the output current of the body effect power generation structure; Figure 6 (c) is the output voltage of the electromagnetic induction power generation structure; Figure 6 (d) is the output current of the electromagnetic induction power generation structure;

[0025] Figure 7 is the calculation result of the droplet generator power;

[0026] Figure 8 For the practical application of droplet generator, Figure 8 (a) is the driving LED; Figure 8 (b) is a rectifier circuit; Figure 8 (c) supplies power to the capacitor; Figure 8 (d) is the driving calculator.

[0027] Description of reference numerals:

[0028] 1-fixed support, 2-blade, 3-shared electrode, 4-dielectric layer, 5-top electrode, 6-magnet, 7-support. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention and implement it, the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the technical solutions of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0031] In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified or limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more, which will not be described in detail here.

[0032] Example

[0033] The present invention provides a droplet generator, specifically Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, it includes a fixed bracket 1, a body effect power generation structure and an electromagnetic induction power generation structure. The fixed bracket 1 is a U-shaped structure; the body effect power generation structure is located on the inner side of the fixed bracket 1, and is rotatably connected to the two sides of the fixed bracket 1 through a rotating shaft. The body effect power generation structure includes a plurality of blades 2 arranged around the circumference of the rotating shaft, and a common electrode 3, two dielectric layers 4 and a top electrode 5 arranged on the outside of each blade 2. The common electrode 3 is composed of multiple turns of copper wire wound on the blade 2, and the two dielectric layers 4 are symmetrically arranged on the outside of the common electrode 3. The top electrode 5 is located on the outside of the dielectric layer 4. At the same time, the present invention also includes a support 7, and a plurality of blades 2 are fixedly connected to the rotating shaft through the support 7. As shown Figure 1As shown, the electromagnetic induction power generation structure is located inside the fixed bracket 1, and includes two magnets 6 with opposite magnetic properties; the two magnets 6 with opposite magnetic properties are arranged on both sides of the body effect power generation structure along the axial direction of the rotating shaft, and the two magnets 6 with opposite magnetic properties and the shared electrode 3 form an electromagnetic induction power generation structure; the two magnets 6 with opposite magnetic properties are respectively in contact with the two side walls of the fixed bracket 1, and are both in contact with the bottom of the fixed bracket 1. When the droplets fall onto the dielectric layer 4, driven by the gravitational potential energy, the droplets spread and contact with the top electrode 5 to form electrostatic induction, driving electrons to flow in the loop of the top electrode 5 and the shared electrode 3 to form a current; at the same time, when the droplets fall onto the dielectric layer 4, the potential energy of the droplets is converted into the kinetic energy of the blade 2, and the magnetic flux of the shared electrode 3 changes to form an induced current.

[0034] In this embodiment, the solid support 1 is made of a customized acrylic plate, and the support 7 is made by 3D printing. In order to realize electromagnetic induction power generation, the present invention places two NdFeB magnets 6 with a magnetic force of 2500Gs and opposite polarities symmetrically on both sides of the rotating blade 2 to form a uniform strong magnetic field. The droplets fall onto the blade 2 to drive the blade 2 to rotate to change the magnetic flux. In addition, the present invention adds water drop bearings at both ends of the shaft to realize the smooth rotation of the blade 2 and reduce friction loss. The water drop bearing is a type of bearing and is a prior art, which will not be described here. In the derivation of system energy, silver needles are used to realize the output of current of the body effect power generation structure and the electromagnetic induction power generation structure.

[0035] In this embodiment, the top electrode 5 is an insulating enameled copper wire with 1 turn and a diameter of 0.3 mm, and the shared electrode 3 is a paint-free conductive copper wire with 60 turns and a diameter of 0.3 mm. The shared electrode 3 is evenly distributed on the blade 2 produced by 3D printing, serving as the bottom electrode of the body effect power generation structure and the conductor coil of the electromagnetic induction power generation structure. After the paint-free conductive copper wire (shared electrode 3) is evenly wound around the blade 2, it is ultrasonically cleaned in an alcohol solution for 10 minutes, the ultrasonically cleaned blade 2 is taken out, and the dielectric layer 4 (fluorinated ethylene propylene FEP, FEP film) is evenly pasted on the blade 2 wrapped with the copper wire to form the dielectric layer 4 of the body effect power generation structure, and then the copper wire with 1 turn and a diameter of 0.3 mm is passed through the small holes on both sides of the top of the blade 2 to form the top electrode 5 of the body effect power generation structure. The number of blades 2 of the present invention is five.

[0036] The specific working principle of the droplet generator designed by the present invention (such as Figure 4 As shown in FIG. 1 , when a droplet falls on a windmill-like structure composed of five power generation blades 2, the potential energy of the droplet is converted into the kinetic energy of the blades 2, and the magnetic flux through the shared electrode 3 changes to form an electric current. Figure 4(b), at the same time, the liquid droplets fall on the blade 2 and contact with the dielectric layer 4 and the top electrode 5, connecting the originally disconnected components FEP film, top electrode 5 and common electrode 3 into a complete electrical system, realizing the flow of electrons between the top electrode 5 and the common electrode 3, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 (a).

[0037] The equivalent circuit of the droplet generator designed by the present invention is as follows: Figure 5 As shown in the figure, assuming that under ideal conditions, when a droplet is released from a certain height and drips onto the blade 2 and contacts the dielectric layer 4, a double electric layer is formed at the solid-liquid interface. Because the droplet itself has a certain resistance, and the bulk effect power generation structure can be connected into a loop only when there is a droplet, the droplet acts as a combination of a switch, a capacitor, and a resistor in the circuit. The capacitor formed at the interface between the top electrode 5 and the droplet is represented by C EDL1 The capacitance formed by the droplet-FEP film is represented by C EDL2 Indicates that the capacitance formed by the droplet-FEP film and the FEP film-bottom copper coil (shared electrode 3) is C FEP Indicates that Figure 5 (a). Due to the system structure design and in order to simplify the circuit and facilitate the output of electric energy, the present invention connects the five top electrodes 5 and the shared electrode 3 in series in the design of the blade 2 structure. When the system is in working state, the droplets fall continuously onto different blades 2, and the switches in the five blades 2 are closed in turn to form a loop. Since the two power generation methods are combined in the form of a shared electrode 3, Figure 5 Loop 1 in (b) is regarded as a series circuit of five body effect power generation structures, and Loop 2 is regarded as a series circuit structure of five electromagnetic induction power generation structure power generation conductor coils. The top electrode 5 on the first power generation blade 2 and the bottom electrode of the first power generation blade 2 are respectively connected to the two ends of the oscilloscope probe to measure the output of the body effect power generation structure. The present invention connects one end of the first common electrode 3 and one end of the fifth common electrode 3 to the oscilloscope probe to measure the output of the electromagnetic induction power generation structure. Figure 5 (b).

[0038] When the system is in working state, after the droplet falls on blade 2, the corresponding switch is closed. Due to the body effect of the body effect power generation structure, electrons move downward in loop 1. At the same time, because part of the potential energy of the droplet is converted into the kinetic energy of the system when the droplet falls on blade 2, the rotation of blade 2 is driven, causing the magnetic flux passing through the shared electrode 3 to change, thereby driving the movement of electrons in loop 2. Experiments have shown that when the droplet falls continuously, the different blades 2 where the droplet falls will not affect the motion state of the overall system, and the current passing through loop 2 has nothing to do with the blade 2 where the droplet falls.

[0039] When the droplets fall on the power generation blade 2, due to the spreading of the droplets and the conversion of the potential energy of the droplets into the kinetic energy of the blade 2, volume effect power generation and electromagnetic induction power generation can be generated on the same blade 2 at the same time. According to the experiment, the output voltage of the two power generation modes when they are acting simultaneously is 192V and 3.9mV, and the short-circuit current is 6.38μA and 320μA respectively. Figure 6 ,in, Figure 6 (a) is the output voltage of the body effect power generation structure; Figure 6 (b) is the output current of the body effect power generation structure; Figure 6 (c) is the output voltage of the electromagnetic induction power generation structure; Figure 6 (d) is the output current of the electromagnetic induction power generation structure. It proves that the droplet generator effectively combines the power generation advantages of the body effect power generation structure and the electromagnetic induction power generation structure, can achieve higher output characteristics, and complete better energy conversion.

[0040] The advantage of using this method to collect droplet energy is that even when the droplets fall at a high frequency, they can slide off the blade 2 in time, which reduces the impact on the output of the next droplet, generates a high frequency of high pulses, and can achieve better applications. The present invention measures the output characteristics of the droplet generator under the optimal output state. Through the law of conservation of energy, the present invention can calculate that the energy conversion efficiency of the composite power generation should be:

[0041]

[0042] in, Represents the instantaneous voltage generated by droplet power generation; R D represents the drop resistance; t on represents the instant when the droplet touches the top electrode and the shared electrode; t off Refers to the instant when the droplet slides down the top electrode and the shared electrode; I E represents the current passing through the shared electrode; R E represents the shared electrode resistance; T represents the rotation period; t represents the rotation time; h represents the drop height, in addition, the drop mass m is 0.08g; the gravitational acceleration is g = 9.8m / s 2 ; Droplet falling height is 30cm; R D =9MΩ; R E =4.3Ω, the kinetic energy carried by the Nth droplet when it falls is approximately: 2.352×10 -4 J, the generated electrical energy is approximately: 14.167×10 -6 J, such as Figure 7 , so the corresponding energy conversion efficiency is about 6%.

[0043] The practical application of the droplet generator designed by the present invention is that in daily life, droplet energy usually appears in the form of raindrops, and as a common renewable clean energy, how to effectively utilize it is a problem that needs to be considered. By using an infusion pump to simulate and control the size and frequency of falling raindrops, the designed droplet generator is used to collect raindrop energy, thereby achieving effective collection of raindrop energy. Figure 8 For the practical application of droplet generators, Figure 8 It can be seen that when the drop frequency is 8 Hz and the drop height is 30 cm, the output of the droplet generator can light up at least 60 LED lights after passing through the rectifier circuit. Figure 8 (a), the equivalent circuit is as follows Figure 8 (b) shows that the droplet generator can effectively collect droplet energy. In addition, in order to achieve stable power output of the droplet generator, before directly connecting the output of the electromagnetic induction power generation structure-body effect power generation structure to the power supply device, the present invention needs to first connect the device to the capacitor to ensure stable power output. Therefore, when the droplet generator is powered by a bridge rectifier to capacitors of different specifications, the equivalent circuit is as follows: Figure 8 (c) , capacitors of different specifications can be charged to different voltages within 10 minutes, and the corresponding capacitors can be connected to calculators, temperature and humidity sensors, etc. within a certain charging time, such as Figure 8 (d) can power the sensor, and the intermittent power supply achieved by this power generation method meets the current social requirements for environmental status monitoring, and can realize self-powering of outdoor environmental monitoring sensors to achieve the purpose of outdoor environmental monitoring.

[0044] The present invention designs a droplet generator with two power generation modes to achieve efficient collection of droplet energy. Not only does it effectively combine the droplet generator with the electromagnetic induction phenomenon, but it also makes more full use of the advantages of the two power generation modes, improving the degree of integration between the two. The droplet generator integrated in the form of a shared electrode 3 can use two power generation modes to achieve the conversion of droplet energy at the same time, and the instantaneous energy conversion efficiency is as high as 6%. In practical applications, the present invention focuses on the self-powering of environmental sensors, and self-powering of most sensors can be achieved by first charging the capacitor. The droplet generator has a very high energy conversion efficiency. It can not only drive commonly used small electrical equipment but also realize the power supply of some sensors. It can also be combined with environmental sensors to realize self-powering of environmental sensors. It provides a new way to simplify environmental monitoring circuits and design all-weather generators in the future.

[0045] The embodiments described above are only preferred specific implementation modes of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any simple changes or equivalent replacements of the technical solutions that can be obviously obtained by any technician familiar with the field within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A droplet generator, characterized in that: include: The fixed bracket (1) has a U-shaped structure; A body effect power generation structure is located inside a fixed support (1) and is rotatably connected to both sides of the fixed support (1) via a rotating shaft. The body effect power generation structure comprises a plurality of blades (2) arranged around the circumference of the rotating shaft, and a common electrode (3) arranged outside each blade (2), two dielectric layers (4) and a top electrode (5). The common electrode (3) is composed of a plurality of turns of copper wire wound around the blade (2), the two dielectric layers (4) are symmetrically arranged outside the common electrode (3), and the top electrode (5) is located outside the dielectric layer (4); The electromagnetic induction power generation structure is located inside the fixed bracket (1) and includes two magnets (6) with opposite magnetic properties. The two magnets (6) with opposite magnetic properties are arranged on both sides of the body effect power generation structure along the axial direction of the rotating shaft. The two magnets (6) with opposite magnetic properties and the shared electrode (3) form the electromagnetic induction power generation structure. When the droplets fall onto the dielectric layer (4), driven by the gravitational potential energy, the droplets spread and contact the top electrode (5) to form electrostatic induction, driving electrons to flow in the loop between the top electrode (5) and the shared electrode (3), forming an electric current; at the same time, when the droplets fall onto the dielectric layer (4), the potential energy of the droplets is converted into kinetic energy of the blades (2), and the magnetic flux of the shared electrode (3) changes to form an electric current.

2. The droplet power generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The common electrode (3) is an insulating enameled copper wire with 60 turns and a diameter of 0.3 mm.

3. The droplet power generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top electrode (5) is a paint-free conductive copper wire with one turn and a diameter of 0.3 mm. The two ends of the top electrode (5) pass through two small holes on the blade (2).

4. The droplet power generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric layer (4) is fluorinated ethylene propylene FEP with a thickness of 0.08 mm.

5. The droplet power generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a support (7), and the plurality of blades (2) are fixedly connected to the rotating shaft via the support (7).

6. The droplet power generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two magnets (6) with opposite magnetic properties are respectively in contact with the two side walls of the fixed bracket (1) and are both in contact with the bottom of the fixed bracket (1). The magnetism of the magnets (6) is 2500 Gs.

7. The droplet power generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blades (2) and the supports (7) are both manufactured by 3D printing.

Images