Thermal management photovoltaic glass module

Abstract

The invention provides a thermal management photovoltaic glass pane comprising a photovoltaic glass, a thermal insulation layer coated on a front surface of the photovoltaic glass wherein the thermal insulation layer comprises a passive radiation cooling coating material; the sound insulation and heat insulation module comprises vacuum glass, hollow glass or a combination of the vacuum glass and the hollow glass, and the vacuum glass, the hollow glass and the combination are adhered to the rear side of the photovoltaic glass. The photovoltaic glass module not only optimizes solar power generation through a specific thermal management design, but also minimizes heat transfer and noise invasion into a building, keeps a quiet and stable internal environment, and minimizes the influence of an external environment.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 582,841, filed on September 14, 2023, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. Technical Field

[0002] The present invention relates to photovoltaic glass technology. More specifically, the photovoltaic glass module of the present invention optimizes solar power generation through a specific thermal management design and minimizes heat transfer and noise intrusion inside a building. Background Art

[0003] As the demand for renewable energy increases year by year, solar energy has long become a popular and widely adopted option, and various forms of solar power generation technologies have been developed. Among them, photovoltaic glass, as an innovative fusion of traditional architectural glass and solar energy conversion technology, has attracted more and more attention.

[0004] Photovoltaic glass is a special type of glass that integrates solar cells into the glass panel by lamination, making it possible to use solar radiation to generate electricity while serving as a window or building facade. This glass also has an integrated current extraction device and cable. The solar cell consists of low-iron glass, solar panels, laminating film, rear glass and special metal conductors. The solar panel is sealed between the low-iron glass panel and the rear glass panel.

[0005] The module represents a highly innovative high-tech glass product for architectural applications. The use of low-iron glass on the solar cells ensures a high transmittance of sunlight.

[0006] In practical applications, keeping the operating temperature of photovoltaic glass low is beneficial to power generation. However, continuous exposure to sunlight causes the temperature to gradually increase, especially at noon. Therefore, solving the problem of photovoltaic glass overheating has become an urgent concern for professionals in this field.

[0007] Furthermore, since photovoltaic glass essentially acts as the exterior wall and / or windows of a building, photovoltaic glass should have certain key properties provided by traditional architectural glass, such as minimal heat transfer and noise intrusion, thereby maintaining a comfortable interior environment of the building. The present invention addresses this need. Summary of the invention

[0008] In one aspect, the present invention provides a thermal management photovoltaic glass window panel, comprising a photovoltaic glass window, the photovoltaic glass window comprising a low-iron glass window, a solar panel, a laminated film, a rear glass window and a dedicated metal conductor, wherein the solar panel is sealed between the low-iron glass window and the rear glass window; an insulation layer coated on the front surface of the photovoltaic glass window, wherein the insulation layer comprises a passive radiation cooling coating material; and a sound insulation module, wherein the sound insulation module comprises a vacuum glass window, a hollow glass window or a combination thereof, and wherein the sound insulation module is adhered to the rear side of the photovoltaic glass window.

[0009] Managed photovoltaic glass panels have a light transmittance of at least 40%, which can reduce the temperature rise caused by radiation by 2-4 degrees Celsius, and the thermal transmittance of the entire panel is less than 0.7W / m 2 K, the solar heat gain coefficient of the entire panel is less than 0.2, at 1000W / m 2 The average power output is at least 35W / m 2 .

[0010] In an embodiment of the first aspect, the sound and heat insulation module of the thermal management photovoltaic glass window panel includes a combination of vacuum glass and insulating glass.

[0011] In another embodiment, the vacuum glass and the insulating glass of the sound insulation and heat insulation module are connected by gluing.

[0012] Another aspect of the present invention provides a solar power generation glass building material for application on the exterior of a building, comprising the above-mentioned thermal management photovoltaic glass window panel.

[0013] Solar power generation glass building materials have a light transmittance of at least 40%, reducing the temperature rise caused by radiation by 2-4 degrees Celsius, and the thermal transmittance is less than 0.7W / m 2 K, the solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of the entire window panel is less than 0.2 at 1000W / m 2 The average power generation is at least 35W / m 2 . BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obviously obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work, among which:

[0015] Figure 1The three-layer structure of the photovoltaic glass module of the present invention is shown. The front surface of the photovoltaic glass 20 is coated with a heat insulation layer 10, and the back side of the photovoltaic glass 20 is adhered with a sound insulation and heat insulation module 30. After the photovoltaic glass is assembled, the heat insulation layer 10 should be aligned in the general direction (40) facing the sunlight to exert its function.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a physical photo of the assembled photovoltaic glass module of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0018] In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention can be practiced in other ways than the specifically described ways, and it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed in the art.

[0019] As used herein, "glazing panel" refers to a glass assembly that is embedded in a window frame or wall.

[0020] As used herein, "thermal transmittance" is also referred to as U-value and refers to the rate at which heat passes through a material or combination of materials, expressed in Watts per square meter per Kelvin (W / m 2 A lower U value indicates that the material has better thermal insulation performance, and vice versa.

[0021] As used herein, "Solar Heat Gain Coefficient" (SHGC) is a dimensionless measurement of the amount of solar radiation that penetrates a building and thus becomes heat inside the building. SHGC measurements range from 0 to 1, where 0 SHGC represents complete blocking of solar heat and 1 SHGC represents complete transmission of solar heat.

[0022] Photovoltaic glass is a technology that integrates solar cells into glass panels, which can be further integrated into buildings as windows or exterior walls, thereby combining the functions of traditional architectural glass and solar power generators. It can be used in a variety of applications ranging from commercial and residential buildings, skyscrapers to greenhouses, providing a promising building material option for sustainable green buildings and reducing carbon footprint.

[0023] Typically, photovoltaic glass includes the following components:

[0024] Glazing – usually involves two or more layers of glass, depending on the design; especially for photovoltaic glass, higher transparency will help to make the most of the sun’s energy. Typically involves low iron front and back glass

[0025] Photovoltaic cells – Solar cells can be made from single or multicrystalline silicon, or from thin-film photovoltaic materials such as amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride or copper indium gallium selenide, and can be embedded in glass panels for greater flexibility.

[0026] Laminating films – Transparent or translucent materials such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) or polyvinyl butyral (PVB) that can be used to laminate photovoltaic cells to glass panels.

[0027] Conductive layer - Particularly since transparency is required for solar energy capture, a transparent conductive oxide such as indium tin oxide is preferred.

[0028] Edge sealing – The solar cells are sealed between the glass sheets using sealing materials.

[0029] As mentioned above, conventional photovoltaic glass faces the problem of overheating when exposed to sunlight for a long time, which hinders power generation efficiency and leads to poor energy conversion performance. In view of this, the present invention aims to solve the overheating problem by using a heat insulation layer on the front surface of the photovoltaic glass and a sound insulation and heat insulation module on the rear side of the photovoltaic glass.

[0030] Specifically, the thermal insulation layer on the front surface of the photovoltaic glass includes a passive radiative cooling layer designed to reflect sunlight and dissipate heat through mid-infrared radiation emission. In view of the transparency requirements for solar energy utilization, the present invention prefers polymer-based coatings such as polymethyl methacrylate or polyethylene, nanocomposite coatings with specific high emissivity and reflectivity properties, or silica.

[0031] Furthermore, the sound insulation and heat preservation module on the back of the photovoltaic glass includes hollow glass, vacuum glass or a combination of the two.

[0032] Vacuum glazing involves two or more sheets of glass, usually low-emissivity (low-e) glass, separated by a micron-scale vacuum gap and sealed at the edges.

[0033] Insulating glass, on the other hand, is very similar in structure to vacuum glass (i.e. the glass panels are separated by a gap and sealed at the edges), with the vacuum gap replaced by a hollow space filled with air or an inert gas such as argon or krypton.

[0034] Both vacuum glass and insulating glass exhibit greatly improved thermal and sound insulation effects compared to single-layer glass, thereby minimizing the transfer of heat and noise from the external environment to the interior of the building. Example

[0035] See also Figure 1An exemplary photovoltaic glass window panel is a photovoltaic glass 20 with a radiation cooling coating 10 applied on the front surface thereof to provide a radiation cooling function of emitting infrared light into outer space, and the rear side of the photovoltaic glass 20 is bonded and adhered to a sound insulation and heat insulation module 30 .

[0036] The assembled photovoltaic glazing panel should be attached to a window frame or wall and aligned so that the radiative cooling coating 10 faces directly in the general direction 40 of the sunlight.

[0037] The radiative cooling coating 10 may be selected from a variety of materials including, but not limited to, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, or combinations thereof.

[0038] The thermal transmittance (U value) of the glass window panel of the present invention is less than 0.7 W / m 2 ·K, and a solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of less than 0.2. The new glass panels can also reduce the temperature rise caused by radiation by 2-4 degrees Celsius.

[0039] For example, to optimize the experience inside a building by optimizing thermal insulation, these glass panels can be installed with a U-value of 0.5-0.6 and a SHGC of 0.10-0.15, thereby reducing the temperature rise caused by radiation by 4 degrees Celsius. Alternatively, the new glass panels can also be configured with a U-value of 0.6-0.7 and a SHGC of 0.15-0.20, reducing the temperature rise caused by radiation by 2 degrees Celsius. This configuration allows the glass panels to achieve higher light transmittance while maintaining good solar radiation insulation performance.

[0040] At the same time, the new glass window panel of the present invention has a light intensity of 1000W / m 2 When the average power generation is at least 35W / m 2 For example, in a configuration that optimizes production costs, the new glass panel can 2 The average power generation can reach 35-40W / m 2 Alternatively, the new glass window panel can withstand a light intensity of 1000W / m 2 The average power generation can be configured to 40-50W / m 2 , to further enhance solar energy conversion to support the building’s own electricity consumption.

[0041] In addition to having excellent thermal insulation and photovoltaic performance, the new glass window panel also maintains a high light transmittance of at least 40%. For example, the new glass panel can be configured with a light transmittance of 40-42% to achieve better thermal insulation as described above. Alternatively, the new glass panel can be configured with a light transmittance of 42-45% to achieve better daylighting, thereby achieving more efficient interior lighting.

[0042] like Figure 1 Shown and Figure 2 As shown in the photograph, the size of the photovoltaic glass 20 should be suitable for the frame of the sound insulation and heat insulation module 30, so that the distance between the photovoltaic glass 20 and the glass components of the sound insulation and heat insulation module 30 is minimized, thereby achieving a compact structure of the photovoltaic glass panel so that it can be more efficiently installed as a building material.

[0043] Specifically, if Figure 2 The photovoltaic glass panel shown uses a combination of hollow glass and vacuum glass as a sound insulation module 30. The combination of the two types of glass optimizes the thermal insulation performance of the glass and minimizes the intrusion of noise into the interior of the building.

[0044] According to the above description, a 300 mm x 300 mm thermal management photovoltaic glass window panel is manufactured as an embodiment. It includes a photovoltaic glass window, which includes a low iron glass window, a solar panel, a laminated film, a rear glass window and a dedicated metal conductor. The solar panel is sealed between the low iron glass window and the rear glass window; and a passive radiation cooling coating material is coated on the front surface of the photovoltaic glass window as an insulation layer, and a sound insulation module composed of a combination of vacuum glass and insulating glass.

[0045] In the above embodiment, the vacuum glass and the insulating glass are connected by gluing. In addition, the passive radiation cooling coating is a combination of zinc oxide and aluminum oxide.

[0046] The thermal management photovoltaic glass window panel of the above embodiment has a thermal conductivity of 1000W / m 2 Under the light intensity of , the average power generation reached 3.4W. Its U value is 0.65, the solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) is 0.196, and the temperature rise caused by radiation is reduced by 3 degrees Celsius. As a glass building material, it has achieved a stable and excellent thermal insulation effect and has considerable photovoltaic performance. In addition, the glass window panel of this embodiment also has a light transmittance of 45%, so that the internal environment of the building can be maintained comfortable without being heated by solar radiation, and at the same time, it can effectively daylight and save energy required for indoor lighting.

[0047] In this specification, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "include" or variations (such as "includes" or "comprising") should be understood to imply the inclusion of the stated integer or group of integers, but not the exclusion of any other integer or group of integers. It should also be noted that in this disclosure, especially in the claims and / or paragraphs, terms such as "includes", "comprising" and the like allow elements not explicitly recited, but exclude elements found in the prior art or elements that affect the basic or novel characteristics of the invention.

[0048] Furthermore, throughout the specification and claims, unless the context requires otherwise, words such as "comprise" or "comprising" will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or group of integers but not the exclusion of any other integer or group of integers.

[0049] References to "embodiments" and other related references in the specification indicate that the embodiments may include specific features, structures, or characteristics, but not every embodiment may include specific features, structures, or characteristics. In addition, these phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, when specific features, structures, or characteristics are described in conjunction with an embodiment, it should be understood that those skilled in the art may affect such features, structures, or characteristics in conjunction with other embodiments, whether or not explicitly described.

[0050] As used herein, the terms "approximately," "substantially," "substantially," and "about" are used to describe and explain small variations. When used in conjunction with an event or situation, the term may refer to situations where the event or situation occurs precisely, as well as situations where the event or situation occurs approximately. As used herein, with respect to a given value or range, the term "approximately" generally means within the range of ±10%, ±5%, ±1%, or ±0.5% of a given value or range. The range may be indicated in this article as from one endpoint to another or between two endpoints. Unless otherwise indicated, all ranges disclosed in this disclosure include endpoints. When referring to "substantially" the same numerical value or characteristic, the term may refer to values ​​within ±10%, ±5%, ±1%, or ±0.5% of the average value.

[0051] In view of these teachings, those skilled in the art will recognize that alternative embodiments may be implemented without undue experimentation or departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as described in the appended claims. The present invention is limited only by the following claims, which, when read in conjunction with the above description and drawings, include all such embodiments and modifications.

Claims

1. A thermal management photovoltaic glass window panel, characterized in that: include: Photovoltaic glass, comprising low-iron glass, solar cells, a laminating film, back glass and a special metal conductor, wherein the solar cells are sealed between the low-iron glass and the back glass; a thermal insulation layer coated on the front surface of the photovoltaic glass, the thermal insulation layer comprising a passive radiative cooling coating material; and A sound insulation and heat insulation module, wherein the sound insulation and heat insulation module comprises vacuum glass, hollow glass or a combination thereof, wherein the sound insulation and heat insulation module is adhered to the rear side of the photovoltaic glass; wherein the thermal management photovoltaic glass window panel has a light transmittance of at least 40%; Wherein, the thermal management photovoltaic glass window panel reduces the temperature rise caused by radiation by 2-4 degrees Celsius; The thermal transmittance of the thermal management photovoltaic glass window panel is less than 0.7 W / m 2 K, and the solar heat gain coefficient of the entire panel is less than 0.2; and Wherein, the thermal management photovoltaic glass window panel is 1000W / m 2 The average power generation under the light intensity is at least 35W / m 2 .

2. The thermal management photovoltaic glass window panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sound insulation and heat insulation module is a combination of vacuum glass and insulating glass.

3. The thermal management photovoltaic glass window panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vacuum glass and the hollow glass of the sound insulation and heat insulation module are connected by gluing.

4. The thermal management photovoltaic glass window panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The passive radiation cooling coating material is selected from titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide or a combination thereof.

5. A solar power generation glass building material for building exterior walls, comprising the thermal management photovoltaic glass window panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: in: The light transmittance of the solar power generation glass building material is at least 40%; The solar power generation glass building material reduces the radiation temperature rise by 2-4 degrees Celsius; and At a light intensity of 1000W / m 2 When the solar power generation glass building material has an average power generation rate of at least 35W / m 2 .

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