A method for improving productivity of pasture by optimizing mixed sowing ratio and sowing method

Abstract

The application discloses a method for improving productivity of pasture by optimizing mixed sowing proportion and sowing mode, and the method comprises the following steps: plowing soil and applying humus soil before winter freezing, plowing soil and applying base fertilizer after returning green in spring, then selecting leguminous plants and gramineous plants, mixing seeds of the two functional groups according to a weight ratio of 3:7, first sowing gramineous plant seeds by ditching and ridging, sowing leguminous plant seeds in the middle of two rows of gramineous plants after the gramineous plant seeds sprout for 20-30 days, applying fertilizer after sowing, and managing diseases, pests and weeds, cutting the above-ground part of the grassland at the end of the plant growth, and controlling the stubble height of the leguminous plants and the gramineous plants. The application optimizes the mixed sowing proportion and sowing strategy of leguminous plants and gramineous plants, combines the complementarity of the plant functional groups in the ecological niche (time and space), and provides an innovative mixed sowing method for the pasture, which provides theoretical support and technical guarantee for the efficient and sustainable development of the animal husbandry production.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of grassland ecology and agricultural science and technology, and more particularly to a method for improving the productivity of pasture by optimizing the mixing ratio and sowing method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Grassland is the core resource for the development of animal husbandry, and its productivity and stability directly affect the supply capacity of high-quality forage. In order to meet the growing demand of animal husbandry, the current forage planting technology has gradually developed from single planting of high-quality forage to mixed planting of multiple forages, but its effect has not yet reached the expected level. Although the traditional single planting method is simple to operate, it has a single plant community, low resource utilization efficiency, and is easily affected by pests and climate fluctuations, which limits the improvement of forage yield.

[0003] In contrast, the mixed planting technology of legumes and grasses has gradually attracted attention due to the complementary characteristics of functional groups. Grasses can quickly form ground cover, reduce weed competition and soil erosion due to their rapid growth and early occupation advantage, while legumes can significantly improve soil nutrient levels through biological nitrogen fixation, providing long-term nitrogen support for grassland communities. However, existing mixed planting techniques lack systematic research on the ratio design, sowing method, and time coordination of legumes and grasses, often leading to increased competition between functional groups, reduced resource utilization efficiency, and failure to fully utilize the niche complementarity of plant functional groups. In addition, traditional random mixed planting or single planting methods cannot adapt to the differences in growth rhythm and root distribution of different plants, further restricting the improvement of grassland productivity and ecological stability. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a precise mixed planting technology based on the niche complementarity of functional groups, to realize the synchronous improvement of forage yield and ecological benefits through reasonable design of ratio and sowing strategy. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the present application provides a method for improving the productivity of forage by optimizing the mixing ratio and sowing method, which precisely optimizes the mixing ratio and sowing strategy of legumes and grasses, and combines the complementarity of plant functional groups in niche (time and space), to provide an innovative forage mixing method, and to provide theoretical support and technical support for the efficient and sustainable development of animal husbandry production.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0006] A method for improving the productivity of forage by optimizing the mixing ratio and sowing method, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Rototill the soil before winter freezing, and turn the weeds in situ into the soil during the plowing process to apply humus soil;

[0008] (2) After the soil is turned over in spring, the depth of turning over is 10-15 cm, and the soil is left for 3-5 days, and then the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer are applied to the surface of the soil as basal fertilizer;

[0009] (3) Legume plants and grass plants are selected, and the seeds of the two functional groups are mixed according to the weight ratio of legume plants: grass plants = 3:7;

[0010] (4) The land is raked, and the ditch is dug and the ridge is raised, and the seeds of the grass plants are sown in strips with an interval of 30-35 cm, and the soil is covered and water is continued to be poured until the water content of the soil is 50%-60%;

[0011] (5) After the grass seeds sprout, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are applied as topdressing, and 20-30 days after the grass seeds germinate, the legume seeds are sown in holes in the middle of the two rows of grass plants, and the interval of the holes is 30-40 cm, and then the soil is covered and water is poured;

[0012] (6) After the legume plants germinate for 20 days, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied;

[0013] (7) When the insect pests occur, the insecticide is sprayed every 7-10 days for 1-2 months, and when the height of the grass seedlings is more than 5 cm, the herbicide is sprayed every 7-10 days for 1-2 months;

[0014] (8) At the end of the growth of the plants, the aboveground part of the grassland is cut, and the stubble height of the legume plants and the grass plants is controlled.

[0015] Preferably, the depth of the rotary tillage in step (1) is ≥20 cm.

[0016] The mechanical treatment loosens the hardened soil through rotary tillage, which not only improves the soil structure, improves the air permeability and water permeability, but also uniformly distributes the organic matter and nutrients in the bottom soil in the whole soil layer, which is beneficial to the deep development and nutrient absorption of the grass roots. Rotary tillage also destroys the surface weeds and their seed bank, reduces the weed competition pressure in the early growth of the grass, and further improves the survival rate of the cultivated grass.

[0017] Preferably, the application amount of the humus soil in step (1) is 20-40 kg / mu.

[0018] The application of humus can significantly increase the organic matter content in the soil, not only providing lasting nutrient support for the growth of pasture, but also improving the soil aggregate structure through humus, keeping the soil loose and stable, promoting water permeability and root development. At the same time, the microorganisms in the humus can accelerate the decomposition of weed residues and improve soil fertility. The high water retention of humus can also maintain soil moisture under drought conditions and slowly release nutrients to ensure balanced nutrient supply for the growth of pasture. In addition, snow cover on the soil surface in winter can maintain underground temperature and ensure soil microbial activity, and also provide water for plant growth the next year.

[0019] Preferably, the organic fertilizer in step (2) is matured livestock manure, and the application amount is 50-70 kg / acre; the compound fertilizer is 17-17-17 compound fertilizer, and the application amount is 30-50 kg / acre.

[0020] Preferably, the legume plant in step (3) is one or more of sweet clover, sand dandelion or alfalfa, and the gramineous plant is one or more of Chinese wildrye, Elymus dahuricus or bluegrass.

[0021] Sweet clover, sand dandelion and alfalfa are all deep-rooted plants, which can enhance the air permeability and water retention capacity of the soil, and have good improvement effect on soil structure. In addition, the three legume plants have strong cold, drought and poor tolerance. Chinese wildrye, Elymus dahuricus and bluegrass are drought and cold tolerant pasture with strong adaptability. The six kinds of pasture can overwinter, and alfalfa and Chinese wildrye are high-quality pasture, which are suitable for feeding cattle and sheep as forage. In addition, the gramineous plants have developed root system, which can effectively prevent soil erosion, and have important role in improving soil structure and improving soil conservation capacity.

[0022] Preferably, the seed sowing amount in step (3) is 3 kg / acre, wherein the sowing amount of legume plants is 0.9 kg / acre, and the sowing amount of gramineous plants is 2.1 kg / acre.

[0023] Preferably, the phosphorus fertilizer in step (5) includes one or more of calcium phosphate and monoammonium phosphate, and the application amount is 10-15 kg / acre; the potassium fertilizer includes potassium sulfate, and the application amount is 15-25 kg / acre.

[0024] The row-sown gramineae plants can quickly form a continuous vegetation belt, stabilize soil structure, and inhibit weeds, effectively occupying the space niche and providing a suitable environment for the subsequent nitrogen fixation function of legume plants. The gramineae plants have resource advantages through early water and nutrient absorption, reducing direct competition with legume plants, thereby optimizing resource allocation and utilization. The hole-sown legume plants facilitate precise control of planting density, reduce seed waste, and optimize the spatial configuration of legume and gramineae plants. Moreover, the late-stage nutrient compensation of legume plants complements the early growth of gramineae plants in time, overall improving the productivity and stability of the mixed sowing community. In addition, the covering effect of gramineae plants and the nitrogen fixation function of legume plants jointly optimize the soil environment, promoting plant community diversity and ecosystem sustainability.

[0025] Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer in step (6) includes ammonium sulfate or urea, and the application amount is 10-15 kg / acre.

[0026] Gramineae forages have a high demand for nitrogen. Legume forages have nitrogen fixation ability and require a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage to accelerate seedling growth. After 3-4 weeks of emergence, appropriate application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer can improve nitrogen fixation efficiency and promote root development. However, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer may inhibit the activity of rhizobium of legume plants, and even cause leaf burn. Phosphorus is an important element for plant cell division and root development, which can promote the growth and development of roots and enhance the absorption capacity of forages to soil water and nutrients. Adequate phosphorus supply can also improve the stress resistance of forages, such as cold and drought tolerance, extend the growing season, and have a positive effect on seed development and later regrowth. Potassium can promote the accumulation of carbohydrates and plays an important role in water regulation and stress resistance improvement of forages. Application of potassium fertilizer can improve the drought, cold and disease resistance of forages, improve the stem and leaf structure of forages, and reduce lodging.

[0027] Preferably, the insecticide in step (7) is 20% imidacloprid 1000 times liquid, and the application amount is 0.5-1.5 kg / acre; the herbicide is 2,4-D-butyl 1000 times liquid, and the application amount is 50-100 ml / acre.

[0028] Preferably, the stubble height in step (8) is 5-10 cm.

[0029] Mowing the grassland not only can harvest fresh grass for feeding livestock or downstream production, but also can reduce the accumulation of aging and dead grass in the grassland, promote the germination of new grass and the development of root system, and promote the healthy growth of the grassland. In addition, mowing can help eliminate the habitat of pests and diseases and inhibit the growth of weeds. The remaining litter can not only naturally decompose and increase the organic matter content of the soil, but also can retain a layer of mulch to provide insulation and wind protection for the grassland in winter, protect the root system, and enhance the cold and drought resistance of the grassland, maintaining the virtuous cycle of the grassland.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the method for improving the productivity of pasture by optimizing the mixed sowing ratio and sowing mode has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] Leguminous plants fix nitrogen in the atmosphere into the soil through symbiosis with rhizobia, increasing the organic matter and nitrogen content in the soil, and providing for the use of gramineous plants, thereby reducing the need for external nitrogen fertilizer, improving the overall nitrogen utilization efficiency of the grassland, and reducing fertilizer costs and environmental pollution. The root system of gramineous plants is developed, which can effectively fix soil, increase soil porosity and air permeability, promote soil water infiltration and water retention capacity, thereby improving soil structure and enhancing long-term fertility and sustainable utilization of the soil.

[0032] Gramineous plants grow rapidly and have high photosynthetic efficiency and biomass production capacity; leguminous plants usually contain rich protein and nutrient components, and the combination of the two can complement each other's growth advantages, not only significantly improving the biomass yield of the grassland, but also improving the quality of the pasture, which is beneficial to the feeding and health of herbivorous livestock.

[0033] The yield of the bean-grass mixed sowing grassland sown by the method is 37.51% higher than that of the legume monoculture, and is 3.95 times that of the gramineous monoculture, and the pasture leaves are thick and green, the stems are thick and strong, and the quality is high.

[0034] The method adopts the sowing strategy of "grasses first and beans later" and the sowing mode of strip sowing and hole sowing, which improves the cooperation efficiency between functional groups. The gramineous pasture is uniformly distributed by strip sowing, which quickly occupies the surface space and fully utilizes the surface soil resources. The concentrated distribution of legumes by hole sowing helps to develop deep resources and exert the nitrogen fixation function in the later period, thereby reducing the competition between functional groups and improving the resource utilization efficiency. In addition, the combination of strip sowing and hole sowing is suitable for different terrain conditions, which can not only meet the efficiency requirements of large-area pasture planting, but also realize high productivity and economic benefits through precision planting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0036] Figure 1 The above-ground biomass of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-7;

[0037] Figure 2 The above-ground biomass of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-7;

[0038] In the figure, 1 - Gramineae plants, 2 - Leguminous plants. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all the other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0040] Select a large field and divide it into several plots, and implement the following examples and comparative examples respectively;

[0041] Example 1

[0042] Step one, rotary till the soil before the winter freeze, the depth is 25 cm, and the weeds are turned into the soil during the plowing process, and 25 kg / acre of humus is applied;

[0043] Step two, plow the soil after the spring return, the depth is 10 cm, and then 50 kg / acre of organic fertilizer and 30 kg / acre of compound fertilizer are applied as basal fertilizer after 3 days of standing;

[0044] Step three, select seed of full grain of sweet clover, sandwort, alfalfa, meadow grass, elymus and bluegrass, and the sowing amount is 0.9 kg / acre for legume grass seeds and 2.1 kg / acre for gramineae grass seeds;

[0045] Step four, rake the land, dig ditch and build ridge, and strip sow gramineae grass seeds with an interval of 30 cm, cover the soil and continue to water until the soil moisture content is about 50%-60%;

[0046] Step five, after the gramineae grass seeds germinate, apply 15 kg / acre of phosphorus fertilizer and 20 kg / acre of potassium fertilizer; 20 days after the grass seedling, use the method of hole sowing to sow legume grass seeds in the middle of two rows of gramineae grass, with a hole sowing interval of 35 cm, and then cover the soil and water; the phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are ammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate respectively;

[0047] Step six, 10 kg / acre of nitrogen fertilizer is applied after the legume grass seedling for 20 days; the nitrogen fertilizer is urea;

[0048] Step seven, when the insect pests occur, 20% imidacloprid 1000 times liquid is sprayed every 7 days, with an application amount of 1 kg / acre, and the spraying is continuously applied for 1 month;

[0049] When the grass seedling is more than 5 cm high, 2,4-D-butyl 1000 times liquid is sprayed every 7 days, with an application amount of 80 ml / acre, and the spraying is continuously applied for 1 month;

[0050] Step eight, at the end of the plant growth, mow the aboveground part of the grassland, the aboveground part height is 5 cm stubble.

[0051] Comparative Example 1

[0052] Different from Example 1, the ratio of legume and gramineae in this comparative example is 0:100, and the others are the same.

[0053] Comparative Example 2

[0054] Different from Example 1, the ratio of legume and gramineae in this comparative example is 100:0, and the others are the same.

[0055] Comparative Example 3

[0056] Different from Example 1, the ratio of legume and gramineae in this comparative example is 50:50, and the others are the same.

[0057] Comparative Example 4

[0058] Different from Example 1, the ratio of legume and gramineae in this comparative example is 70:30, and the others are the same.

[0059] Comparative Example 5

[0060] Different from Example 1, the seeding amount of this comparative example is 0.3 kg / acre for legume and 0.7 kg / acre for gramineae, and the others are the same.

[0061] Comparative Example 6

[0062] Different from Example 1, the seeding amount of this comparative example is 0.6 kg / acre for legume and 1.4 kg / acre for gramineae, and the others are the same.

[0063] Comparative Example 7

[0064] Different from Example 1, the seeding method of legume in this comparative example is strip seeding, and the others are the same.

[0065] Experimental Example

[0066] Plant sampling: randomly select three 1m x 1m quadrats on the experimental plot, estimate the plant coverage in the quadrat using visual estimation method, then use scissors to cut all the plants in the quadrat to the ground; use an iron shovel to dig out the soil in the quadrat to a depth of not less than 20 cm, carefully clean the soil near the roots. Put the aboveground and underground tissues of the plants into cowhide paper bags respectively, and take them back to the laboratory and put them into an oven at 65°C to dry to constant weight. After drying, weigh the aboveground and underground parts of the plant samples, and record the aboveground biomass and underground biomass respectively, as shown in Table 1 and Figure 1

[0067] ​Table 1 Ground biomass, underground biomass and coverage of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-6

[0068] Above ground biomass (kg / acre) Below ground biomass (kg / acre) Coverage (%) Example 1 1204 345.8 65 Comparative Example 1 875.56 557.5 85 Comparative Example 2 243.11 352.4 45 Comparative Example 3 663.11 198.9 65 Comparative Example 4 514 266.9 57 Comparative Example 5 780 541.3 77 Comparative Example 6 1001.5 427.6 70 Comparative Example 7 600.1 200.9 72

[0069] From Table 1 and Figure 1 It can be seen that the ground biomass of Example 1 is significantly higher than that of Comparative Examples 1-7, and has better coverage.

[0070] The various embodiments in the specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be mutually referred to. The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables a person skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to the embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for improving forage productivity by optimizing the mixing ratio and sowing method, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Till the soil before it freezes in winter, and during the tillage process, turn the weeds into the soil and apply humus. (2) After the soil turns green in spring, till the soil to a depth of 10-15cm, let it stand for 3-5 days, and then apply organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer as base fertilizer to the soil surface. (3) Select legumes and grasses, wherein the legumes are one or more of sweet clover, alfalfa or purple alfalfa, and the grasses are one or more of sheepgrass, crested wheatgrass or Kentucky bluegrass. Mix the seeds of the two functional groups separately according to the weight ratio of legumes:grass = 3:

7. (4) Rake the land flat, make furrows and ridges, sow the seeds of grass plants in rows at intervals of 30-35cm, cover with soil and continue to water until the soil moisture content is 50%-60%. (5) Apply fertilizer after the grass seeds of the gramineous family have germinated, including phosphate and potassium fertilizers; 20-30 days after the grass seeds of the gramineous family have emerged, sow leguminous seeds in holes between two rows of grass seeds, with a spacing of 30-40cm between holes, then cover with soil and water. (6) Apply nitrogen fertilizer 20 days after the legumes have emerged; (7) When pests occur, spray insecticide every 7-10 days for 1-2 months; when the grass seedlings are more than 5cm tall, spray herbicide every 7-10 days for 1-2 months. (8) At the end of the plant growth period, cut the above-ground parts of the grassland and control the stubble height of leguminous and grass plants.

2. The method for improving forage productivity by optimizing the mixing ratio and sowing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the rotary tillage depth is ≥20cm.

3. The method for improving forage productivity by optimizing the mixing ratio and sowing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of humus applied in step (1) is 20-40 kg / mu.

4. The method for improving forage productivity by optimizing the mixing ratio and sowing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The organic fertilizer mentioned in step (2) is well-rotted livestock manure, and the application rate is 50-70 kg / mu; the compound fertilizer is 17-17-17 compound fertilizer, and the application rate is 30-50 kg / mu.

5. The method for improving forage productivity by optimizing the mixing ratio and sowing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seed sowing amount mentioned in step (3) is 3 kg / mu, of which the sowing amount of legumes is 0.9 kg / mu and the sowing amount of grass is 2.1 kg / mu.

6. The method for improving forage productivity by optimizing the mixing ratio and sowing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phosphate fertilizer mentioned in step (5) includes one or more of calcium phosphate and monoammonium phosphate, with an application rate of 10-15 kg / mu; the potassium fertilizer includes potassium sulfate, with an application rate of 15-25 kg / mu.

7. The method for improving forage productivity by optimizing the mixing ratio and sowing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nitrogen fertilizer mentioned in step (6) includes ammonium sulfate or urea, and the application rate is 10-15 kg / mu.

8. The method for improving forage productivity by optimizing the mixing ratio and sowing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insecticide mentioned in step (7) is 20% imidacloprid at a dilution of 1000 times, with an application rate of 0.5-1.5 kg / mu; the herbicide is 2,4-D-butyl ester at a dilution of 1000 times, with an application rate of 50-100 ml / mu.

9. A method for improving forage productivity by optimizing the mixing ratio and sowing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stubble height mentioned in step (8) is 5-10cm.

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