Dry land film mulching corn straw strip in-situ returning method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of micro rainwater harvesting field arrangement, and discloses a dry land film mulching corn straw strip in-situ returning method which comprises the following steps: step 1, selecting a low-altitude area with excellent illumination conditions, suitable soil types and good topographic conditions for winter wheat cultivation, the superior illumination condition comprises illumination time of 8-10 hours within a day, the suitable soil type is mainly soil, the gradient is less than 25 degrees, and the good terrain condition comprises that the gradient is less than 25 degrees. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, selecting a test variety of Liguo No.1, 3, dividing positions of straw returning strips and furrows, 4, selecting complete corn straws harvested in the last year, wherein the returning amount is 8000kg / hm < 2 >, 5, furrowing, wherein the furrowing depth is 25cm, and 6, applying fertilizer, and uniformly spreading the fertilizer in a test area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of micro-rainfall field setting, and in particular relates to a method for returning film-covered corn stalk strips to the field in situ. Background Art

[0002] Water is an indispensable production resource for stable and sustainable agricultural production. However, water limitation has always been one of the most fundamental problems in global agricultural production. Reference: Burke DJ, Weintraub MN, Hewins CR, Kalisz S. 2011. Relationship between soil enzyme activities, nutrient cycling and soil fungal communities in a northern hardwood forest. Soil Biol. Biochem, 43: 795–803. This problem is more prominent in dryland (rain-fed) agricultural production. According to statistics, dryland farmland accounts for more than 45% of the world's total cultivated land, providing food for more than 1 / 3 of the world's population, and plays an important role in ensuring food security worldwide. Reference: Farooq M, Siddique KHM. 2016. Research and developmental issues in dryland agriculture. In M. Farooq & K.H. In my country, dryland farmland is 2.5×104 hectares, accounting for about 60% of the total cultivated land area, reference: Deng XP, Shan L, Zhang HP, Turner NC. 2006. Improving agricultural water use efficiency in arid and semiarid areas of China. Agric. Water Manag., 80: 0–40, among which the Loess Plateau is the largest dryland farming area in my country, with an area of ​​about 640,000 square kilometers, reference: Liao Yuncheng et al. 2002; Shangguan Zhouping et al. 1999; Wen Xiaoxia et al. 2000, and dryland accounts for about 70% of the total cultivated land area in the region. Due to the deep groundwater level and the lack of rivers, natural precipitation has become the only water source for agricultural production in the region, reference: Gan et al. 2013; Mo et al. 2018; Ren et al. 2010.

[0003] As a semi-arid area, the Loess Plateau has uneven temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation. Rainfall is usually concentrated in spring and autumn, while less rainfall occurs in the summer when the temperature is higher. Based on this characteristic, a series of field rainwater collection technologies are adopted when planting crops, especially corn, in the Northwest region. Ridge and furrow setting is one of the farming measures. Ridges and furrows are arranged alternately, and film is applied on the ridges, leaving the furrows bare. Runoff is generated on the ridges, and rainwater is collected in the furrows, effectively saving rainfall.

[0004] After decades of research, in-situ water harvesting technology has been proven to be a promising method to improve precipitation utilization, soil moisture effectiveness and crop productivity in dryland agriculture (references: Gan et al. 2009 and 2013). Among them, ridge-film planting technology, namely RFPM, is considered to be one of the most effective in-situ precipitation collection technologies (references: Mo Fei et al. 2013; Ren Xiaolong et al. 2010).

[0005] In the process of food production, a large amount of crop straw is discarded and burned, resulting in a huge waste of straw resources and serious environmental pollution. Reference: Li et al. 2018. The application of mulch can significantly increase corn yield. Reference: Ren et al. 2008, but it will reduce the organic matter content of farmland, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture in arid areas. Reference: Chen Hao, Lai Yongming, Hong Lin, Mei Chao, Gao Xiufang. 2015. A review of research on furrow ridge rainwater harvesting cultivation technology in arid areas. Water Saving Irrigation, 7: 81-85. Many studies have shown that discarding or burning crop straw will lead to a large loss of organic carbon in agricultural ecosystems. Returning straw to the field can effectively improve this situation. Reference: Huang Tingmiao, Zheng Xianfeng, Hou Yangyi, Li Xiao, Wang Zhaohui. 2015. Effect of returning straw to the field on winter wheat yield and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption and utilization. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 21(4). In recent years, China's grain production has not been widely promoted and applied, resulting in a decrease in soil organic matter and microbial diversity in farmland. Different regions have different natural conditions and different ways of returning straw to the fields, which makes actual application obviously complicated. At the same time, straw waste has also caused huge economic losses. References: Peng Chunyan, Luo Huailiang, Kong Jing. 2014. Research progress on the estimation and utilization of rice straw resources in China. Chinese Agricultural Resources and Zoning: 14-20.

[0006] Therefore, returning straw to the field and making full use of the nutrients in the straw to the soil has become an urgent issue that needs attention. At present, some methods of returning straw to the field include straw crushing and returning to the field, straw burying, etc.

[0007] At present, there are many research reports on the effects of returning straw to the field on crop yields, all of which point out the positive role of returning straw to the field in increasing crop yields. Two years after returning straw to the field, spring corn grain yield increased. Returning all straw to the field can increase the annual yield of corn and wheat. Reference: Lu X.2020.A meta-analysis ofthe effects ofcrop residuereturn on crop yields and water use efficiency.PLoS ONE,15(4):e0231740. Some scholars believe that one of the main reasons for the increase in yields of rice straw returning to the field is that returning rice straw to the field increases the temperature of farmland and the soil nutrient supplementation brought by long-term returning to the field provides a better soil environment for crop growth. Other studies have shown that returning rice straw to the field has significantly improved soil ecology, increased soil microbial biomass, and promoted the improvement of crop utilization coefficient of water and fertilizer. References: Ku HH, Ryu JH, Bae HS, Jeong C, Lee S E. 2019. Modeling a long-term effect of rice straw incorporation on SOC content and grain yield in rice field. Arch Agron Soil Sci, 65: 1941–1954. At the same time, returning rice straw to the field improves soil moisture conditions in the dry season and increases the flow of soil nitrogen. References: Yang Fengke, He Baolin, Zhang Ligong, Gao Yingping. 2015. Effects of double-ridge planting of rice straw returning to the field under plastic film on soil nutrient balance and corn yield. Grassland Science, 32(11): 1892-1901.

[0008] However, after the ridges and furrows are set up in the field, the straw will be crushed and returned to the field, which will destroy the ridge and furrow structure and cannot fully realize the function of ridge and furrow rainwater collection and increasing ground temperature. It is necessary to find a new way to return the straw to the field. On the other hand, the straw cannot be fully utilized, which increases the burning and discarding of the straw, causing environmental pollution and increasing greenhouse gas emissions. For this reason, the present invention proposes a method for returning dryland mulched corn straw strips to the field in situ. Summary of the invention

[0009] The present invention transforms the field topography to form alternating ridges and furrows, and uses straw strips to return the field to avoid straw competing with crops for nitrogen when decomposing, increasing ground temperature and soil organic matter, thereby avoiding the reduction of soil organic matter caused by film covering. On the other hand, the straw is fully utilized, straw burning and discarding are reduced, the environment is protected, greenhouse gas emissions are reduced, and efforts are made to achieve carbon standards and carbon neutrality.

[0010] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for returning dryland film-covered corn stalk strips to the field in situ, the method comprising the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: Select low-altitude areas with superior light conditions, suitable soil types and good terrain conditions for winter wheat cultivation. Superior light conditions include 8-10 hours of light per day, suitable soil types are mainly Lou soil, with a granular structure and medium to high soil fertility, and good terrain conditions include a slope of less than 25°;

[0012] Step 2: Select high-yield, high-quality, insect-resistant corn varieties and prepare nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. The experimental variety selected for this experiment is Lihe No. 1;

[0013] Step 3: Determine the location of the straw return strips and furrows;

[0014] Step 4: Select complete corn stalks harvested last year and return them to the field at a rate of 8,000 kg / hm2. 2 ;

[0015] Step 5: Dig trenches with a depth of 25 cm;

[0016] Step 6: Fertilization: Spread the fertilizer evenly in the test area;

[0017] Step 7: Ridge making: Ridge making is done manually with a ridge height of 15 cm. There are three ridge-furrow ratios, namely RF60-40, RF50-50, and RF40-60;

[0018] Step 8: Film covering, only on the ridges, not in the furrows;

[0019] Step 9: Sowing, use a spot seeder to sow along both sides of the ridge, the row spacing varies with the width of the ridge, and the plant spacing is 30cm;

[0020] Step 10: Harvest corn;

[0021] Step 11: Save the corn stalks for next year;

[0022] Step 12: Calculate corn yield.

[0023] Preferably, in step 1, the area of ​​a single block is ≥ 0.04 hm 2 The terrain, medium and high altitude areas include areas of 1200-1400m.

[0024] Preferably, in step 2, the fertilizer is urea, i.e. N=46%, superphosphate, i.e. P=16%, and potassium sulfate, i.e. K=52%.

[0025] Preferably, in step 4, the number of straws returned to the field in each furrow is about 26.

[0026] Preferably, in step 5, four trenches are opened in each cell.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. The present invention transforms the field topography to form alternating ridges and furrows, and uses straw strips to return the field to avoid competing with crops for nitrogen when straw decomposes, increasing ground temperature and soil organic matter, thereby avoiding the reduction of soil organic matter caused by film covering, improving the water use efficiency of farmland in semi-arid areas, and reducing field runoff and surface evaporation. Returning straw strips to the field can increase the total nitrogen content of the soil and improve the water and heat conditions of the soil. The ridge-ditch ratio can improve the rain collection effect. The increase in the ridge-ditch ratio can make the rain collection area larger, thereby increasing the rain collection amount and increasing corn yield.

[0029] 2. Make full use of straw, reduce straw burning and discarding, protect the environment, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and achieve carbon compliance and carbon neutrality. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] A method for returning dryland film-covered corn stalk strips to the field in situ, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

[0032] Step 1: Select low-altitude areas with superior light conditions, suitable soil types and good terrain conditions for winter wheat cultivation. Superior light conditions include 8-10 hours of light per day, suitable soil types are mainly Lou soil, with a multi-granular structure, and soil with medium to high soil fertility. Good terrain conditions include a slope of <25° and a single plot area of ​​≥0.04hm 2 The terrain, the medium and high altitude areas include the 1200-1400m area;

[0033] Step 2: Select high-yield, high-quality, and insect-resistant corn varieties and prepare nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. The experimental variety selected for this experiment is Lihe No. 1, and the fertilizers are urea, i.e. N = 46%, superphosphate, i.e. P = 16%, and potassium sulfate, i.e. K = 52%;

[0034] Step 3: Determine the location of the straw return strips and furrows;

[0035] Step 4: Select complete corn stalks harvested last year and return them to the field at a rate of 8,000 kg / hm2. 2 , the number of straw returned to the field in each furrow is about 26;

[0036] Step 5: Dig trenches with a depth of 25 cm. Dig four trenches in each plot.

[0037] Step 6: Fertilization: Spread the fertilizer evenly in the test area;

[0038] Step 7: Ridge making: Ridge making is done manually with a ridge height of 15 cm. There are three ridge-furrow ratios, namely RF60-40, RF50-50, and RF40-60;

[0039] Step 8: Film covering, only on the ridges, not in the furrows;

[0040] Step 9: Sowing, use a spot seeder to sow along both sides of the ridge, the row spacing varies with the width of the ridge, and the plant spacing is 30cm;

[0041] Step 10: Harvest corn;

[0042] Step 11: Save the corn stalks for next year;

[0043] Step 12: Calculate corn yield.

[0044] In summary: different ridge-furrow ratios can provide different soil water and heat conditions for corn, improve the water and heat conditions of the soil, and at the same time improve the moisture conditions of the soil, thereby affecting the decomposition of straw and providing sufficient moisture conditions for the decomposition of microorganisms. In addition, the decomposition of straw can provide organic matter for the soil on the one hand, and increase the soil temperature on the other hand, providing a more suitable growth environment for the corn root system, thereby promoting the growth of the aboveground part of corn and increasing corn yield.

[0045] Table 1

[0046]

[0047] Comparing the yield data in Table 1, it can be seen that the yield of the treatment of returning to the field is generally higher than that of the treatment of not returning to the field, which increases the corn yield and economic benefits. Under the treatment of returning to the field, the ridge-ditch ratios of RF60:40, RF50:50 and RF40:60 are 0.67%, 0.45% and 1.18% higher than those of the treatment of not returning to the field, respectively. The yield difference between the treatment of returning to the field and not returning to the field is the most obvious in the treatment of ridge-ditch 40:60. As can be seen from the table, with the decrease of the ridge-ditch ratio, the corn yield shows a decreasing trend. The larger ridge-ditch ratio forms a larger rain-collecting surface, which increases the soil rain-collecting amount in the same time, increases the soil water content, and increases the soil water storage capacity. Among them, RF60:40 has a better rain-collecting effect than other treatments and obtains a higher yield. When the straw is returned to the field, the soil organic matter increases, the soil temperature increases, and the root growth of crops is promoted, thereby increasing crop yields.

[0048] Table 2

[0049]

[0050] Comparing the data in Table 2, the straw return treatment increased the total nitrogen content of the soil in the 20-40cm soil layer, but did not increase the content in the 0-20cm soil layer. Under the straw return treatment, the 20-40cm soil layer increased compared with the non-return treatment, and the straw decomposition increased the total nitrogen content of the soil; but did not increase the total nitrogen content of the surface soil. And whether it is the return treatment or the non-return treatment, RF60:40 has a large soil total nitrogen content. Returning straw strips to the field can increase the total nitrogen in the deep soil and improve the nutrients in the deep soil.

[0051] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0052] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for returning dryland film-covered corn stalk strips to the field in situ, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Select low-altitude areas with superior light conditions, suitable soil types and good terrain conditions for winter wheat cultivation. Superior light conditions include 8-10 hours of light per day, suitable soil types are mainly Lou soil, with a granular structure and medium to high soil fertility, and good terrain conditions include a slope of less than 25°; Step 2: Select high-yield, high-quality, insect-resistant corn varieties and prepare nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; the experimental variety selected in this experiment is Lihe No. 1; Step 3: Determine the location of the straw return strips and furrows; Step 4: Select complete corn stalks harvested last year and return them to the field at a rate of 8,000 kg / hm2. 2 ; Step 5: Dig trenches with a depth of 25 cm; Step 6: Fertilization: Spread the fertilizer evenly in the test area; Step 7: Ridge making: Ridge making is done manually with a ridge height of 15 cm. There are three ridge-furrow ratios, namely RF60-40, RF50-50, and RF40-60; Step 8: Film covering, only on the ridges, not in the furrows; Step 9: Sowing, use a spot seeder to sow along both sides of the ridge, the row spacing varies with the width of the ridge, and the plant spacing is 30cm; Step 10: Harvest corn; Step 11: Save the corn stalks for next year; Step 12: Calculate corn yield.

2. The method for returning dry land film-covered corn stalk strips to the field in situ according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the area of ​​a single block is ≥ 0.04hm 2 The terrain, medium and high altitude areas include areas of 1200-1400m.

3. The method for returning corn stalks to the field in situ on dry land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the fertilizers are urea, i.e. N=46%, superphosphate, i.e. P=16%, and potassium sulfate, i.e. K=52%.

4. The method for returning dry land film-covered corn stalk strips to the field in situ according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the number of straw returned to the field in each furrow is about 26 stalks.

5. The method for returning dry land film-covered corn stalk strips to the field in situ according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5, a total of four trenches are opened in each cell.

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