A method for detecting and preventing poplar rust

Abstract

The application discloses a Populus euphratica rust detection and prevention method, which comprises the following steps: preparing a Zanthoxylum bungeanum extract by taking Zanthoxylum bungeanum branches and leaves; preparing a Sophora flavescens extract by taking dried Sophora flavescens roots; mixing and compounding the Zanthoxylum bungeanum extract, the Sophora flavescens extract, 15% triazole ketone wettable powder, calcium lignosulfonate, chitosan and urea to obtain a Populus euphratica rust prevention agent; and spraying the prepared Populus euphratica rust prevention agent on Populus euphratica. The Fv / Fm value of the test leaf is determined by using a chlorophyll fluorometer, statistical analysis is performed on the obtained Fv / Fm value, and the Fv / Fm value range of the healthy leaf and the diseased leaf is obtained, which is used for determining the health condition of the Populus euphratica according to the Fv / Fm value. The application utilizes the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of the Populus euphratica leaf, and provides a simple and effective detection method, which provides a certain basis for controlling the spread of the rust. The application also provides a Populus euphratica rust prevention method, and the prepared Populus euphratica rust prevention agent has excellent prevention effect and can effectively control the occurrence or spread of the rust.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of plant disease prevention and control, and more particularly, relates to a detection and prevention method for Populus euphratica rust. BACKGROUND

[0002] Populus euphratica Oliv. is a plant of Magnoliophyta, Magnoliidae, Dilleniidae, Salicaeae, Populus, is a deciduous medium-sized natural tree, the diameter can reach 1.5 meters, the tree leaves are broad and fragrant. It is drought-tolerant and flood-tolerant, and has a strong life, and is one of the rare tree species in nature. Populus euphratica in China is distributed in the desert gobi area in the northwest region. Populus euphratica and its living environment of drought and more saline-alkali interact to form special biological characteristics. The changes of its roots, leaves, branches, cells, reproduction, etc. are suitable for growth in sandy soil, drought-tolerant, saline-alkali-tolerant, cold-tolerant, heat-tolerant, wind-sand-resistant, and poor-tolerant, and it is the only deciduous tall tree that can grow in the desert. Populus euphratica rust is one of the important diseases of Populus euphratica seedlings and young forests, mainly distributed in the desert area of northwest China. The pathogen is Melampsora pruinosae Tranz of Basidiomycota, Uredinomycetes, Melampsora. The diseased leaves initially appear yellow-green spots, which gradually expand into yellow-white, central red-brown small bubbles, and soon the small bubbles are broken, exposing orange-yellow uredospore piles, and later, red-brown, waxy winter spore piles are formed around the uredospore piles. Populus euphratica rust seriously endangers Populus euphratica cultivation and production, and seriously damages the ecological environment in the desert area of China, therefore, it is of great significance to study a simple and effective detection and prevention method for Populus euphratica rust. SUMMARY

[0003] An object of the present application is to solve at least the above problems and / or defects, and to provide at least the advantages to be described later.

[0004] In order to achieve these objects and other advantages of the present application, a Populus euphratica rust prevention method is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1, preparing a Populus euphratica rust prevention agent:

[0006] S11, crushing dry Zanthoxylum bungeanum twigs, mixing with dry Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves, placing in a container, and adding water to decoct, to obtain Zanthoxylum bungeanum extraction liquid;

[0007] S12, crushing dry Sophora flavescens roots, placing in a container, and adding water to decoct, to obtain Sophora flavescens extraction liquid;

[0008] S13, mixing the Zanthoxylum bungeanum extraction liquid and the Sophora flavescens extraction liquid to obtain a plant extraction liquid, adding 15% triazole ketone wettable powder into the plant extraction liquid, stirring uniformly, and then adding calcium lignosulfonate, chitosan and urea, stirring uniformly, to obtain the Populus euphratica rust prevention agent;

[0009] S2. Spray the poplar trees with the rust control agent prepared in S1.

[0010] Preferably, in step S11, the tender branches of Sichuan pepper are pulverized to 50-100 mesh; the mass ratio of tender branches to leaves is 3-5:1-3; and the mass ratio of the total mass of tender branches and leaves to water is 1:8-12.

[0011] Preferably, in step S12, the dried root of Sophora flavescens is pulverized to 50-100 mesh; the mass ratio of the dried root of Sophora flavescens to water is 1:6-10.

[0012] Preferably, in step S11, the specific method of decoction is as follows: after the water boils, continue to boil for 30-60 minutes, filter, reserve the filtrate, repeat the boiling process twice, each time boiling for 30-60 minutes after the water boils, combine the filtrates, and cool naturally to obtain Sichuan pepper extract; in step S12, the specific method of decoction is as follows: after the water boils, continue to boil for 20-40 minutes, filter, reserve the filtrate, repeat the boiling process twice, each time boiling for 20-40 minutes after the water boils, combine the filtrates, and cool naturally to obtain Sophora flavescens extract.

[0013] Preferably, in step S13, the extracts of Sichuan pepper and Sophora flavescens are mixed at a mass ratio of 4-6:0.5-2; 15% triadimefon wettable powder is added to the plant extracts at a concentration of 1500-3000 times; the amount of chitosan added is 0.02-0.1 wt% of the plant extracts, the amount of urea added is 0.02-0.1 wt% of the plant extracts, and the amount of calcium lignin sulfonate added is 0.1-1 wt% of the plant extracts.

[0014] Preferably, in step S2, the spraying amount is such that the tree drips water, and the spraying is done once every 15 days, for a total of 2 to 5 times.

[0015] This invention also provides a method for detecting poplar rust, comprising the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Randomly select leaves from the same part of both healthy and rust-infected poplar trees as the leaves to be tested.

[0017] Step 2: Measure the Fv / Fm value (PSII maximum photochemical efficiency) of the leaf under test using a chlorophyll fluorometer. Select the middle part of the leaf for measurement, and repeat 5 times.

[0018] Step 3: Perform statistical analysis on the obtained Fv / Fm values ​​to obtain the Fv / Fm value ranges for healthy and diseased leaves, which will be used to determine the health status of the poplar trees based on the Fv / Fm values.

[0019] Preferably, in the step two, the leaves to be measured are dark adapted for 20-35 minutes before measurement.

[0020] Preferably, in the step two, the light intensity is 1 μmol·m -2 s -1 , the saturation pulse light intensity is 8000 μmol·m -2 s -1 , and the irradiation time is 800 ms.

[0021] Preferably, the Fv / Fm value of the healthy leaves is in the range of 0.79-0.86, and the Fv / Fm value of the diseased leaves is <0.79.

[0022] The present application at least has the following beneficial effects: the present application discusses the influence of poplar rust on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of poplar leaves by the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of poplar leaves, and provides a simple and effective detection method, which provides a certain basis for controlling the spread of the disease; further, the present application also provides a poplar rust control method, wherein the poplar rust control agent is prepared by mixing and compounding the plant extraction liquid prepared from Zanthoxylum bungeanum branches and leaves, Sophora flavescens, calcium lignosulfonate, chitosan and urea, and the conventional rust control agent triadimefon, the components have a synergistic effect, can effectively control the occurrence or spread of the rust, has excellent control effect, and the preparation method is simple, which can improve the use effect of triadimefon, reduce the use amount of triadimefon, reduce pesticide residues, and is green and environmentally friendly.

[0023] Other advantages, objects, and features of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the examples, so that those skilled in the art can implement the present application according to the description.

[0025] It should be understood that the terms such as "have", "contain" and "include" used herein do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] A poplar rust control method comprises the following steps:

[0028] S1, preparing a poplar rust control agent:

[0029] S11, the dried pepper tender branch is crushed to 50 meshes, mixed with dried pepper leaves according to a mass ratio of 3:2, placed in a sand pot, and water is added according to a material-liquid ratio of 1:10 for decoction. After boiling, slow fire is continued to cook for 40 min. Filtration is performed, and the filtrate is reserved. Water is repeatedly added for decoction twice, each time for 40 min after boiling. The filtrates are combined, and natural cooling is performed to obtain a pepper extraction liquid;

[0030] S12, the dried Sophora root is crushed to 50 meshes, placed in a sand pot, and water is added according to a material-liquid ratio of 1:8 for decoction. After boiling, slow fire is continued to cook for 30 min. Filtration is performed, and the filtrate is reserved. Water is repeatedly added for decoction twice, each time for 30 min after boiling. The filtrates are combined, and natural cooling is performed to obtain a Sophora extraction liquid;

[0031] S13, the pepper extraction liquid and the Sophora extraction liquid are mixed according to a mass ratio of 5:1 to obtain a plant extraction liquid. 15% triazole ketone wettable powder is added into the plant extraction liquid according to a concentration of 2000 times liquid, and stirring is uniformly performed. Lignin sulfonate calcium, chitosan and urea are added, and stirring is uniformly performed to obtain a poplar rust control agent. The addition amount of chitosan is 0.05wt% of the plant extraction liquid, the addition amount of urea is 0.05wt% of the plant extraction liquid, and the addition amount of lignin sulfonate calcium is 0.5wt% of the plant extraction liquid.

[0032] S2, the poplar rust control agent prepared in S1 is used for spraying treatment on the poplar: at the end of May, 40 poplars with basically consistent growth conditions are randomly selected from a two-year-old poplar nursery as a treatment group and a control group, 20 poplars in each group. The treatment group is sprayed with the control agent, and the spraying amount is the dripping water degree of the tree body. Spraying is performed once every 15 days, and the spraying is performed for 3 times. The control group does not use the control agent (pure water instead). In the middle of August, it is observed that the poplars in the treatment group have only a few leaf spots with sporadic point-shaped lesions, which are significantly less than those in the control group.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] In this embodiment, the pepper leaves are not used, and the pepper tender branches are used to replace the pepper tender branches and the pepper leaves in equal amounts. The remaining steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0035] Example 3

[0036] In this embodiment, the pepper tender branches are not used, and the pepper leaves are used to replace the pepper tender branches and the pepper leaves in equal amounts. The remaining steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0037] Example 4

[0038] In this embodiment, the Sophora extraction liquid is not added, and the remaining steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0039] Example 5

[0040] In this embodiment, no chitosan is added, and the remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0041] Example 6

[0042] In this embodiment, no triazolone is added, and the remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0043] Comparative Example 1

[0044] In this comparative example, the preparation method of the Populus euphratica rust control agent is as follows: 50 g of 15% triazolone wettable powder is added to 100 kg of water to obtain a Populus euphratica rust control agent at a concentration of 2000 times liquid, and the mixture is stirred uniformly; the remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. It is observed that about 1 / 3 of the leaves of the Populus euphratica in the treatment group (sprayed with the Populus euphratica rust control agent prepared in this comparative example) have flaky or spotted lesions, and the number of diseased leaf blades is more than that in the treatment groups of Examples 1-5 and less than that in the control group.

[0045] Example 7

[0046] A method for detecting Populus euphratica rust, comprising the following steps:

[0047] Step one, in a two-year-old Populus euphratica nursery, 50 leaf blades are randomly selected from the same part of healthy plants and plants infected with rust as test leaf blades;

[0048] Step two, the test leaf blades are dark adapted for 30 min, and then the F v / F m value of the leaf blades is measured by using a Dual-PAM-100 (Walz, Germany) modulated chlorophyll fluorescence instrument, the light intensity is 1 μmol·m -2 s -1 , the saturated pulse light intensity is 8000 μmol·m -2 s -1 , the irradiation time is 800 ms, the middle part of the leaf blades is selected for measurement, and 5 repetitions are performed.

[0049] Step three, the obtained F v / F m values are statistically analyzed, the health status of the Populus euphratica is determined according to the F v / F m values, the F v / F m value of the healthy leaf blades is in the range of 0.79-0.86, and the F v / F m value of the diseased leaf blades is <0.79.

[0050] According to the detection method of Example 7, the chlorophyll fluorescence of the leaf blades of the treatment groups of Examples 1-6 and Comparative Example 1 and the leaf blades of the control group is detected, and the F v / Fm The F values were determined, the health conditions of each group of Populus euphratica were determined, and the prevention and treatment effects of the prevention and treatment methods of Examples 1-6 and Comparative Example 1 on Populus euphratica rust were explained, 80 leaves (4 leaves per Populus euphratica) of the same part were randomly selected from each group as test leaves, and the F values were measured v / F m The disease rates of each group were calculated according to the formula: disease rate = (diseased leaf number / total number of test leaves in the group) * 100%, and the disease rates of each group are shown in Table 1. It can be seen that the Populus euphratica rust prevention and treatment agents prepared in Examples 1-6 have excellent prevention and treatment effects on Populus euphratica rust, and the prevention and treatment effect of Example 1 is the best, and the disease rate is the lowest. It is found that the extract of Zanthoxylum bungeanum branches and leaves has excellent antibacterial activity on the pathogenic fungus of Populus euphratica rust, the extract of Sophora flavescens can inhibit spore germination, and the mixture of the two can further improve the inhibition of the pathogenic fungus of Populus euphratica rust; chitosan can promote the growth and reproductive development of plants, and also has a certain antibacterial effect; the above-mentioned raw materials are compounded with the nutrient supplement urea, the dispersing agent calcium lignosulfonate, and the rust prevention and treatment agent triadimefon, and have a synergistic effect, which can effectively control the occurrence or spread of rust and has excellent prevention and treatment effect, and the disease rate is reduced to 5%.

[0051] Table 1

[0052]

[0053] Although the embodiments of the present application have been disclosed as above, it is not limited to the application listed in the specification and the embodiments, and can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present application, and other modifications can be easily realized by those skilled in the art, and therefore the present application is not limited to specific details and the examples shown and described herein, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the equivalent scope.

Claims

1. A method for controlling a rust disease of Populus euphratica, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, preparing a Populus euphratica rust control agent: S11, crushing dry Zanthoxylum bungeanum twigs, mixing with dry Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves, placing in a container, and adding water to decoct, to obtain a Zanthoxylum bungeanum extraction; wherein the mass ratio of the Zanthoxylum bungeanum twigs to the Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves is 3-5:1-3; and the mass ratio of the total mass of the Zanthoxylum bungeanum twigs and the Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves to the water is 1:8-12; S12, crushing dry Sophora flavescens roots, placing in a container, and adding water to decoct, to obtain a Sophora flavescens extraction; wherein the mass ratio of the dry Sophora flavescens roots to the water is 1:6-10; S13, mixing the Zanthoxylum bungeanum extraction and the Sophora flavescens extraction, to obtain a plant extraction; adding 15% triazole ketone wettable powder into the plant extraction, stirring uniformly, and then adding calcium lignosulfonate, chitosan and urea, stirring uniformly, to obtain the Populus euphratica rust control agent; wherein the Zanthoxylum bungeanum extraction and the Sophora flavescens extraction are mixed at a mass ratio of 4-6:0.5-2; the 15% triazole ketone wettable powder is added into the plant extraction at a concentration of 1500-3000 times liquid; the addition amount of the chitosan is 0.02-0.1wt% of the plant extraction; the addition amount of the urea is 0.02-0.1wt% of the plant extraction; and the addition amount of the calcium lignosulfonate is 0.1-1wt% of the plant extraction; S2, spraying the Populus euphratica with the Populus euphratica rust control agent prepared in S1.

2. A method for controlling the rust disease of E. camaldulensis as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, In the S11, the Zanthoxylum bungeanum twigs are crushed to 50-100 meshes.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, In the S12, the dry Sophora flavescens roots are crushed to 50-100 meshes.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, In the S11, the specific method of decocting is as follows: after boiling the water, continue to decoct for 30-60 min, filter, reserve the filtrate, repeat the decocting with water for 2 times, each time is to continue decocting for 30-60 min after boiling the water, combine the filtrates, and naturally cool, to obtain the Zanthoxylum bungeanum extraction; in the S12, the specific method of decocting is as follows: after boiling the water, continue to decoct for 20-40 min, filter, reserve the filtrate, repeat the decocting with water for 2 times, each time is to continue decocting for 20-40 min after boiling the water, combine the filtrates, and naturally cool, to obtain the Sophora flavescens extraction.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, In the S2, the spraying amount of the spraying treatment is tree dripping degree, and the spraying is performed once every 15 days, for 2-5 times continuously.

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