Horizontal containerized desulfurization and decarburization process and system for ship tail gas

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ship tail gas treatment processes, in particular to a horizontal containerized desulfurization and decarburization process and system for ship tail gas, comprising a seawater desulfurization tower of which the front end is communicated with the output end of a flue gas fan, a decarburization tower connected with the seawater desulfurization tower, and a desorption tower connected with the decarburization tower; the seawater desulfurization tower, the decarbonization tower and the desorption tower are all horizontally arranged; the seawater desulfurization tower, the decarbonization tower and the desorption tower are respectively designed into a container skid structure; the bottom of the seawater desulfurization tower is communicated with a seawater discharge part through a water flow pipeline; a decarburized flue gas outlet is formed in the decarburization tower; a desorption gas outlet is formed in the desorption tower. The desulfurization and decarburization system can be directly arranged on a deck platform of a ship, and can be placed in the same area as a container, so that the arrangement and installation requirements of the desulfurization and decarburization system are reduced, the design and installation difficulty of the desulfurization and decarburization system is reduced, the installation and on-site transformation speed is increased, and the ship tail gas treatment efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ship exhaust gas treatment technology, and in particular to a horizontal, containerized desulfurization and decarbonization process and system for ship exhaust gas. Background Art

[0002] The ship's main engine, generator and other mechanical equipment usually use diesel engines or gas turbines as power sources, and diesel, heavy oil, natural gas and other fuels as the main fuels. These mechanical equipment will generate a large amount of exhaust gas during operation; and the main components of the exhaust gas include nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons, water vapor and particulate matter; if these exhaust gases are discharged directly, it will pollute the air, so they need to be desulfurized and decarbonized through a scrubbing tower.

[0003] However, the desulfurization and decarbonization spray towers currently used on ships are usually vertical structures with extremely high tower bodies. Such tall tower structures will affect the distribution of the center of gravity of the hull, increasing the difficulty of controlling the stability of the ship. Moreover, the swaying of the hull will also cause the vertical desulfurization and decarbonization spray towers to vibrate and increase their stress, affecting the stability of the tower operation. These will lead to the need to consider more complex parameters in the design stage of the vertical tower, including ship center of gravity adjustment, anti-swaying performance, stress distribution, etc., which significantly increases the difficulty of designing and manufacturing the tower. Secondly, due to the different structural layouts of each ship, the vertical tower also needs to be personalized according to the specific ship type, which not only prolongs the design cycle, but also increases the complexity of engineering implementation. In addition, the traditional vertical structure is large in size, which will require it to occupy a large space, greatly limiting the installation of the tower on the ship. Moreover, the vertical tower has a complex structure, which is not conducive to subsequent maintenance and repair. Therefore, it is urgent to design a desulfurization and decarbonization device that can meet the needs of desulfurization and decarbonization, and has simple design and manufacturing and convenient installation.

[0004] The present application provides a horizontal, containerized desulfurization and decarbonization process and system for ship exhaust gas, so as to solve the problems of the existing vertical structure ship exhaust gas desulfurization and decarbonization spray tower in the prior art, which needs to consider many factors in the design stage, has great difficulty in design and manufacturing, long arrangement cycle, and complex structure. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a horizontal, containerized desulfurization and decarbonization process and system for ship exhaust gas, so as to solve the problems of the existing vertical structure ship exhaust gas desulfurization and decarbonization spray tower in the prior art, which needs to consider many factors in the design stage, has great difficulty in design and manufacturing, long arrangement cycle, and complex structure.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is: a horizontal, containerized desulfurization and decarbonization system for ship exhaust gas, comprising a seawater desulfurization tower whose front end is connected to the output end of the flue gas fan, a decarbonization tower connected to the seawater desulfurization tower, and a desorption tower connected to the decarbonization tower; wherein the seawater desulfurization tower, the decarbonization tower and the desorption tower are all arranged horizontally; the seawater desulfurization tower, the decarbonization tower and the desorption tower are respectively designed as container skid structures, and the connecting pipelines between the seawater desulfurization tower, the decarbonization tower and the desorption tower are all hidden in the container skid structure; The seawater desulfurization tower, the decarbonization tower and the desorption tower are each provided with a plurality of packing areas, and each packing area is provided with a double-sided spray device; The bottom of the seawater desulfurization tower is connected to the seawater discharge point through a water flow pipeline; the decarbonization tower is provided with a decarbonization flue gas outlet; the desorption tower is provided with a desorption gas outlet.

[0007] Preferably, the double-sided spray device comprises a first double-sided spray device arranged on the seawater desulfurization tower, a second double-sided spray device arranged on the decarbonization tower, and a third double-sided spray device arranged on the desorption tower; The first double-sided spray device is connected to the output end of the seawater pump; a plurality of liquid storage tanks are arranged at the bottom of the seawater desulfurization tower; the plurality of liquid storage tanks are respectively connected to the seawater discharge point through water flow pipelines; the rear end of the seawater desulfurization tower is connected to the front end of the decarbonization tower through a demister and an air flow pipeline arranged in the seawater desulfurization tower; A plurality of liquid accumulation chambers are arranged at the bottom of the decarbonization tower; the liquid accumulation chamber near the front end of the decarbonization tower is connected to the third double-sided spray device arranged at the front end of the desorption tower through a rich amine liquid pump and a lean-rich liquid heat exchanger in sequence, and the remaining liquid accumulation chambers are connected to the second double-sided spray device arranged in the adjacent packing area through the first venturi liquid aspirator from the rear end of the decarbonization tower to the front end of the decarbonization tower; A plurality of liquid storage tanks are arranged at the bottom of the desorption tower; the liquid storage tank near the rear end of the desorption tower is connected to the rear end of the second double-sided spray device through a lean amine liquid pump, a lean-rich liquid heat exchanger, and a lean liquid cooler in sequence, and the remaining liquid storage tanks are connected to the third double-sided spray device arranged in the adjacent packing area through a second venturi aspirator from the front end of the desorption tower to the rear end of the desorption tower; The desorption tower is also connected to a reboiler; The liquid storage tank near the rear end of the desorption tower is connected to the output end of the reboiler through a lean amine liquid pump, and the amine liquid in the desorption tower is transported to the reboiler for temperature increase and vaporization treatment; the output end of the reboiler is connected to the desorption tower through a temperature control valve, and the amine liquid vapor formed by the reboiler treatment is transported back to the desorption tower.

[0008] Preferably, a plurality of in-tower baffles are arranged at intervals inside the seawater desulfurization tower, the decarbonization tower and the desorption tower; The plurality of in-tower baffles inside the seawater desulfurization tower, the decarbonization tower and the desorption tower are all vertically arranged, and two adjacent in-tower baffles are fixedly arranged at the top and the bottom of the tower respectively.

[0009] Preferably, the rear end of the seawater desulfurization tower is also connected to the input end of the first liquid level control valve through a demister and a high-pressure fan respectively; the output end of the first liquid level control valve is connected to the first Venturi aspirator.

[0010] Preferably, the output end of the reboiler is also connected to the input end of the second liquid level control valve; the output end of the second liquid level control valve is connected to the second venturi aspirator.

[0011] Preferably, a demister is also provided at a position close to the decarbonization flue gas outlet in the decarbonization tower and at a position close to the desorption gas outlet in the desorption tower.

[0012] Preferably, supergravity beds are provided in the seawater desulfurization tower, the decarbonization tower and the desorption tower.

[0013] The present invention also provides a horizontal, containerized desulfurization and decarbonization process for ship exhaust gas, which uses the above-mentioned horizontal, containerized desulfurization and decarbonization system for ship exhaust gas to perform desulfurization and decarbonization; The desulfurization and decarbonization process comprises the following steps: S1. When the ship's exhaust gas needs to be decarbonized, the flue gas fan is turned on to increase the pressure of the exhaust gas, and the exhaust gas is transported to the seawater desulfurization tower through the flue gas pipeline for double-sided seawater spraying to absorb sulfur oxides in the exhaust gas; S2, the relatively pure gas is dehydrated by the demister and then transported to the decarbonization tower, flows from the front end to the rear end of the decarbonization tower, contacts with the lean amine liquid sprayed by the second double-sided spraying device in the decarbonization tower, and is absorbed by the lean amine liquid. At the same time, the high-pressure fan is turned on. Under the action of the high-pressure fan extracting a small amount of relatively pure gas and forming high-pressure flue gas, the amine liquid in the liquid accumulation chamber is circulated and transported to the decarbonization tower through the first venturi aspirator, contacts with the relatively pure gas, forms rich amine liquid and pure gas, and the pure gas flows out from the decarbonization flue gas outlet; S3, the rich amine liquid is heated by the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger and transported to the desorption tower, and then sprayed into the desorption tower by the third double-sided spray device. At the same time, the lean amine liquid pump and the reboiler are turned on, and the rich amine liquid desorbs carbon dioxide gas after absorbing the steam heat generated by the reboiler. Under the action of the steam generated by the reboiler, the amine liquid in the liquid storage tank is circulated and transported to the desorption tower through the second venturi aspirator for desorption to form lean amine liquid; S4. The desorbed carbon dioxide gas is discharged through the desorption gas outlet, and the formed lean amine liquid passes through the lean amine liquid pump and is cooled twice by the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger and the lean liquid cooler, and then is transported to the rear end of the decarbonization tower, sprayed into the decarbonization tower through the second double-sided spraying device, and recycled.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are: (1) The present invention provides a horizontal, containerized desulfurization and decarbonization process and system for ship exhaust gas. The desulfurization and decarbonization system is designed to be directly installed on the deck platform of the ship by horizontally arranging the desulfurization and decarbonization towers and other equipment, and designing the desulfurization and decarbonization towers and other equipment as container skids, so that the desulfurization and decarbonization system can be placed in the same area as the container. This can not only effectively reduce the layout and installation requirements of the desulfurization and decarbonization system, but also help to reduce the design difficulty and installation difficulty of the desulfurization and decarbonization system, improve the installation and on-site transformation rate of the desulfurization and decarbonization system, reduce the construction investment cost, and improve the desulfurization and decarbonization system for ship exhaust gas treatment efficiency; it solves the existing vertical structure of the ship exhaust gas desulfurization and decarbonization spray tower in the prior art, which has many factors to consider in the design stage, is difficult to design and manufacture, has a long layout cycle, and has a complex structure.

[0015] (2) The present invention provides a horizontal, containerized desulfurization and decarbonization process and system for ship exhaust gas. The desulfurization and decarbonization system adopts horizontal, containerized desulfurization and decarbonization towers, which can first be completed in a modular, containerized, and skid-type design on land. After that, it can be directly hoisted on the deck of the ship or any place with a platform to replace the traditional vertical tower desulfurization and decarbonization system. It helps to shorten the design, modification, and installation cycle of the decarbonization and desulfurization towers, save costs, and facilitate subsequent installation and commissioning operations.

[0016] (3) The present invention provides a horizontal, containerized desulfurization and decarbonization process and system for ship exhaust gas. The desulfurization and decarbonization system uses reboiler pressurized steam as the power for amine liquid transportation. In the process of transporting amine liquid through the venturi tube, the amine liquid and steam are fully contacted in the pipeline, which enhances the mass transfer efficiency of amine liquid and steam and reduces the height of the mass transfer between steam and amine liquid in the packing or tray of the traditional tower. In the traditional analytical tower, the fluid flows downward by gravity and the steam flows upward in the packing or tray. The amine liquid is affected by gravity and has a slow flow rate. The amine liquid is transported by Venturi steam under pressure. The steam and amine liquid mix quickly and can complete the mass transfer inside the pipeline during the transportation process, reducing the amount of filler and equipment size. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the seawater desulfurization tower of the present invention in a container skid structure; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the decarbonization tower of the present invention in a container skid structure; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the desorption tower of the present invention in a container skid structure; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the horizontal, containerized desulfurization and decarbonization system for ship exhaust gas according to the present invention; Among them: 1. Seawater desulfurization tower; 11. First double-sided spray device; 12. Liquid accumulation tank; 13. Flue gas fan; 14. High-pressure fan; 2. Decarbonization tower; 21. Second double-sided spray device; 22. Liquid accumulation chamber; 23. First Venturi aspirator; 24. First liquid level control valve; 25. Decarbonization flue gas outlet; 3. Desorption tower; 31. Third double-sided spray device; 32. Liquid storage tank; 33. Second Venturi aspirator; 34. Second liquid level control valve; 35. Desorption gas outlet; 4. Baffles in the tower; 5. Defogger; 6. Supergravity bed; 7. Reboiler; 71. Temperature control valve; 8. Rich amine liquid pump; 81. Lean-rich liquid heat exchanger; 9. Lean amine liquid pump; 91. Lean liquid cooler; 10. Container chemical steel structure; 101. Equipment supporting components. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments: The present application provides a horizontal, containerized desulfurization and decarbonization system for ship exhaust gas, which includes a seawater desulfurization tower 1, a decarbonization tower 2 and a desorption tower 3; wherein the front end of the seawater desulfurization tower 1 is connected to the output end of the flue gas fan 13, and the rear end of the seawater desulfurization tower 1 is connected to the decarbonization tower 2 through an air flow pipeline; the bottom of the seawater desulfurization tower 1 is connected to the seawater discharge point through a water flow pipeline; the decarbonization tower 2 and the desorption tower 3 are interconnected through an amine liquid delivery pipeline; the decarbonization tower 1 is connected to the decarbonization tower 2 through an amine liquid delivery pipeline; the decarbonization tower 1 is connected to the decarbonization tower 3 through an amine liquid delivery pipeline; the decarbonization tower 1 is connected to the decarbonization tower 2 ... Tower 2 is provided with a decarbonized flue gas outlet 25; desorption tower 3 is provided with a desorption gas outlet 35; and the seawater desulfurization tower 1, decarbonization tower 2 and desorption tower 3 are all arranged horizontally; at the same time, the seawater desulfurization tower 1, decarbonization tower 2 and desorption tower 3 can be designed as container skid structures respectively, and the connecting pipelines between the seawater desulfurization tower 1, decarbonization tower 2 and desorption tower 3 are hidden in the container skid structure, so as to achieve the effect of directly placing the ship's exhaust gas horizontal, containerized desulfurization and decarbonization system on the deck platform. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3As shown, the seawater desulfurization tower 1, the decarbonization tower 2 and the desorption tower 3 are designed as container skid structures, that is, the horizontal seawater desulfurization tower 1, the decarbonization tower 2 and the desorption tower 3 are fixedly installed in the container chemical steel structure 10 through the equipment support component 101, and the connecting pipelines and other pipelines between the seawater desulfurization tower 1, the decarbonization tower 2 and the desorption tower 3 are cut off at the outer side of the container chemical steel structure to form container skid structures, and each container skid structure is connected by a pipeline to form a desulfurization and decarbonization system to realize the desulfurization and decarbonization process. Through the horizontal and containerized design, the horizontal and containerized desulfurization and decarbonization system for ship exhaust gas can also be placed in the same area as the container, reducing the layout and installation requirements of the equipment, improving the speed of design, installation and on-site transformation, and reducing costs and increasing efficiency; in addition, according to the exhaust gas emissions of the ship, the equipment can be connected in series or in parallel at multiple stages to improve the efficiency of ship exhaust gas treatment.

[0019] In the horizontal, containerized desulfurization and decarbonization system for ship exhaust gas, the seawater desulfurization tower 1, the decarbonization tower 2 and the desorption tower 3 are all provided with a supergravity bed 6; the purpose of providing the supergravity bed 6 on the horizontal seawater desulfurization tower 1, the decarbonization tower 2 and the desorption tower 3 is to utilize the centrifugal force principle to strengthen the gas-liquid mass transfer process in the seawater desulfurization tower 1, the decarbonization tower 2 and the desorption tower 3, so that the exhaust gas and the seawater, the rich amine liquid and the lean amine liquid can quickly contact and react under the supergravity environment, thereby effectively removing harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas or desorbing the carbon dioxide gas in the rich amine liquid, so that the horizontal, containerized desulfurization and decarbonization system for ship exhaust gas has higher desulfurization and decarbonization efficiency and better treatment effect, and improves the exhaust gas treatment capacity of the entire desulfurization and decarbonization system. If the horizontal seawater desulfurization tower 1, the decarbonization tower 2 and the desorption tower 3 can reach their design efficiency, the supergravity bed 6 may not be provided.

[0020] Several packing areas are arranged inside the seawater desulfurization tower 1, the decarbonization tower 2 and the desorption tower 3; and each packing area is provided with a spraying device, and the spraying devices are arranged on both sides of the center of the packing area, forming a device that sprays from both sides of the packing area to the center, that is, a double-sided spraying device. Figure 4As shown, a first double-sided spray device 11 is provided on the seawater desulfurization tower 1; the first double-sided spray device 11 is connected to the output end of the seawater pump, and is used to transport and spray seawater into the seawater desulfurization tower 1, so as to fully contact the exhaust gas of the ship transported into the seawater desulfurization tower 1, and absorb sulfur oxides in the exhaust gas; similarly, a second double-sided spray device 21 is provided on the decarbonization tower 2, and a third double-sided spray device 31 is provided on the desorption tower 3; these are used to make the amine liquid in the decarbonization tower 2 fully contact with the flue gas and absorb the carbon dioxide in the flue gas or to make the amine liquid in the desorption tower 3 fully desorb the carbon dioxide gas. In a traditional vertical desulfurization tower or decarbonization tower, since the flue gas usually passes through the packing area from bottom to top, absorbents such as seawater and amine solution will flow through the packing area from top to bottom due to gravity, and the absorbent and the flue gas will contact and react in the packing area. Therefore, the absorbent can only be sprayed from the top of the packing area; while in the horizontal seawater desulfurization tower 1 and decarbonization tower 2 provided in the present application, spraying devices are arranged on both sides of the center of the seawater desulfurization tower 1 and the decarbonization tower 2; the spraying direction of the absorbent is made perpendicular to the flue gas flow direction in the packing area, so that the absorbent and the flue gas are fully contacted and reacted, thereby improving the spraying effect of the packing area.

[0021] A plurality of liquid accumulation tanks 12 are provided at the bottom of the seawater desulfurization tower 1 for depositing and accommodating the seawater sprayed into the seawater desulfurization tower 1; the plurality of liquid accumulation tanks 12 are respectively connected to the seawater discharge point through water flow pipelines to discharge the seawater deposited in the liquid accumulation tanks 12; a demister is provided at the rear end of the seawater desulfurization tower 1, and the seawater desulfurization tower 1 is connected to the front end of the decarbonization tower 2 by setting a demister and an air flow pipeline, so as to transport the flue gas sprayed with seawater to the decarbonization tower 2 for further decarbonization and carbon fixation treatment.

[0022] In order to increase the internal circulation of the amine liquid absorbent and improve the absorption efficiency of the lean amine liquid for carbon dioxide gas, a liquid accumulation chamber 22 can be set at the bottom of the packing area in the decarbonization tower 2, and the absorbent deposited in the liquid accumulation chamber 22 can be controlled and drained by gas; that is, a plurality of liquid accumulation chambers 22 are set at the bottom of the decarbonization tower 2; and the liquid accumulation chamber 22 near the front end of the decarbonization tower 2 is connected with the third double-sided spray device 31 arranged at the front end of the desorption tower 3 in turn through the rich amine liquid pump 8 and the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger 81, and the remaining liquid accumulation chambers 22 are connected with the second double-sided spray device 21 arranged in the adjacent packing area on its left side through the first venturi aspirator 23 from the rear end of the decarbonization tower 2 to the front end of the decarbonization tower 2, that is, from right to left; the rear end of the seawater desulfurization tower 1 is also connected with the input end of the first liquid level control valve 24 in turn through the demister and the high-pressure fan 14; the output end of the first liquid level control valve 24 is connected with the first venturi aspirator 23.

[0023] Several liquid storage tanks 32 are arranged at the bottom of the desorption tower 3; the liquid storage tank 32 near the rear end of the desorption tower 3 is connected to the second double-sided spray device 21 arranged at the rear end of the decarbonization tower 2 through the lean amine liquid pump 9, the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger 81, and the lean liquid cooler 91 in sequence, and the remaining liquid storage tanks 32 are connected to the third double-sided spray device 31 arranged in the adjacent packing area on the right side through the second venturi liquid absorber 33 from the front end of the desorption tower 3 to the rear end of the desorption tower, that is, from left to right. The desorption tower 3 is also connected to the reboiler 7; the liquid storage tank 32 near the rear end of the desorption tower 3 is also connected to the output end of the reboiler 7 through the lean amine liquid pump 9, and the amine liquid in the desorption tower 3 is transported to the reboiler 7 for temperature treatment; the output end of the reboiler 7 is connected to the desorption tower 3 through the temperature control valve 71, and the amine liquid treated by the reboiler 7 is transported back to the desorption tower 3. The output end of the reboiler 7 is also connected to the input end of the second liquid level control valve 34 ; the output end of the second liquid level control valve 34 is connected to the second venturi suction device 33 . In the conventional vertical desorption tower 3, the amine liquid is sprayed downward from the top of the desorption tower 3, and the amine liquid flows through the packing area. The steam gradually flows upward from the bottom of the desorption tower 3 through each packing area. The amine liquid and the rising steam contact each other in the packing area, and desorb carbon dioxide gas under the action of the steam. The temperature of the packing area gradually decreases from bottom to top, and the desorption equilibrium of the amine liquid in each packing area is different; while in the horizontal desorption tower 3 provided in the present application, the amine liquid is sprayed into the desorption tower 3 through the third double-sided spray device 31, and the steam is uniformly sprayed around each packing area to ensure that the temperature and desorption efficiency of each packing area are the same; and in order to further improve the desorption efficiency of the desorption tower 3, a liquid storage tank 32 is set at the bottom of the packing area in the desorption tower 3, and the internal circulation of the amine liquid in the desorption tower 3 is increased by gas control and drainage of the amine liquid deposited in the liquid storage tank 32; the desorption order of the amine liquid is from left to right, ensuring that the amine liquid on the far right is a lean amine liquid that has been desorbed through multiple stages or has reached the desorption requirements. Secondly, the horizontal desorption tower 3 is provided with a plurality of temperature control valves 71, which can accurately adjust the temperature of each section of the desorption tower 3 to avoid a decrease in desorption efficiency due to a decrease in local temperature.

[0024] Several baffles 4 are arranged at intervals inside the seawater desulfurization tower 1, the decarbonization tower 2 and the desorption tower 3; and the several baffles 4 inside the seawater desulfurization tower 1, the decarbonization tower 2 and the desorption tower 3 are arranged vertically, and two adjacent baffles 4 are fixedly arranged at the top and the bottom of the tower respectively. The baffles are arranged inside the horizontal seawater desulfurization tower 1, the decarbonization tower 2 and the desorption tower 3, which can not only adjust the flow direction and flow path of the flue gas, thereby increasing the actual area of ​​the absorbent and the flue gas, and improving the desulfurization and decarbonization efficiency, and then improving the flue gas treatment capacity of the entire desulfurization and decarbonization system; it also helps to reduce the size of towers and equipment.

[0025] The present invention also provides a horizontal and containerized desulfurization and decarbonization process for ship exhaust gas based on the above-mentioned horizontal and containerized desulfurization and decarbonization system for ship exhaust gas. The horizontal and containerized desulfurization and decarbonization process for ship exhaust gas specifically includes the following steps.

[0026] S1. When the ship's exhaust gas needs to be desulfurized and decarbonized, turn on the flue gas fan to increase the pressure of the exhaust gas, and transport it to the seawater desulfurization tower through the flue gas transmission pipeline for double-sided seawater spraying to absorb sulfur oxides in the exhaust gas and form relatively pure gas; the seawater in the seawater desulfurization tower is transported to the seawater discharge point through the water flow pipeline and discharged directly.

[0027] S2. After being dehydrated by the demister, the relatively pure gas is transported to the decarbonization tower, flows from the front end to the rear end of the decarbonization tower, contacts with the lean amine liquid sprayed by the second double-sided spray device in the decarbonization tower, and is absorbed by the lean amine liquid. At the same time, the high-pressure fan is turned on. Under the action of the high-pressure fan extracting a small amount of relatively pure gas and forming high-pressure flue gas, the amine liquid in the liquid accumulation chamber is circulated and transported to the decarbonization tower through the first venturi aspirator, contacts with the relatively pure gas, forms rich amine liquid and pure gas, and the pure gas flows out from the decarbonization flue gas outlet. The amine liquid sprayed by the decarbonization tower will accumulate in the liquid accumulation chamber at the bottom of the decarbonization tower. From right to left, the amine liquid accumulated in the rightmost liquid accumulation chamber of the decarbonization tower is circulated and transported in turn through the first venturi aspirator and transferred to the next deposition chamber; the leftmost liquid accumulation chamber, that is, the liquid accumulation chamber close to the front end of the decarbonization tower and the third double-sided spray device at the front end of the desorption tower; the deposited rich amine liquid is transported to the desorption tower. The flue gas in the decarbonization tower flows from left to right. The baffles inside the decarbonization tower can extend the travel of the flue gas in the packing area of ​​the decarbonization tower, increase the residence time of the flue gas in the decarbonization tower, and thus improve the decarbonization effect.

[0028] S3, the rich amine liquid is heated by the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger and transported to the desorption tower, and then sprayed into the desorption tower by the third double-sided spray device. The lean amine liquid pump and the reboiler are turned on. The rich amine liquid desorbs the carbon dioxide gas after absorbing the steam heat generated by the reboiler, and under the action of the steam generated by the reboiler, the amine liquid in the storage tank is circulated and transported to the desorption tower through the second venturi aspirator for desorption to form lean amine liquid. The flow direction of the rich amine liquid in the desorption tower is the same as the flow direction of the desorbed carbon dioxide gas in the desorption tower, both of which flow from left to right; the rich amine liquid is first sprayed into the packing area on the far left of the desorption tower, and the rich amine liquid is heated by the steam generated by the reboiler and desorbed in the packing layer, and then the rich amine liquid flows into the storage tank at the bottom of the desorption tower, passes through the venturi aspirator below the storage tank, and is transported and transferred to the next storage tank by using the steam generated by the vaporization of part of the amine liquid, and so on, and the lean amine liquid that has been desorbed is finally accumulated in the storage tank on the far right. During the desorption process, the temperature of each packing section can be controlled by a temperature control valve to ensure that each packing section reaches the decomposition temperature requirement.

[0029] S4. The desorbed carbon dioxide gas is discharged through the desorption gas outlet, and the formed lean amine liquid passes through the lean amine liquid pump and is cooled twice by the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger and the lean liquid cooler, and then is transported to the rear end of the decarbonization tower, sprayed into the decarbonization tower through the second double-sided spraying device, and recycled.

[0030] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and their purpose is to enable people familiar with this technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and they cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is limited by the attached claims rather than the above description, and it is intended to include all changes within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims in the present invention.

Claims

1. A horizontal, containerized desulfurization and decarbonization system for ship exhaust gas, comprising a seawater desulfurization tower whose front end is connected to the output end of a flue gas fan, a decarbonization tower connected to the seawater desulfurization tower, and a desorption tower connected to the decarbonization tower; characterized in that: The seawater desulfurization tower, the decarbonization tower and the desorption tower are all arranged horizontally; the seawater desulfurization tower, the decarbonization tower and the desorption tower are respectively designed as container skid structures, and the connecting pipelines between the seawater desulfurization tower, the decarbonization tower and the desorption tower are hidden in the container skid structure; The seawater desulfurization tower, the decarbonization tower and the desorption tower are each provided with a plurality of packing areas, and each packing area is provided with a double-sided spray device; The bottom of the seawater desulfurization tower is connected to the seawater discharge point through a water flow pipeline; the decarbonization tower is provided with a decarbonization flue gas outlet; the desorption tower is provided with a desorption gas outlet.

2. A horizontal, containerized desulfurization and decarbonization system for ship exhaust gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The double-sided spray device comprises a first double-sided spray device arranged on the seawater desulfurization tower, a second double-sided spray device arranged on the decarbonization tower, and a third double-sided spray device arranged on the desorption tower; The first double-sided spray device is connected to the output end of the seawater pump; a plurality of liquid storage tanks are arranged at the bottom of the seawater desulfurization tower; the plurality of liquid storage tanks are respectively connected to the seawater discharge point through water flow pipelines; the rear end of the seawater desulfurization tower is connected to the front end of the decarbonization tower through a demister and an air flow pipeline arranged in the seawater desulfurization tower; A plurality of liquid accumulation chambers are arranged at the bottom of the decarbonization tower; the liquid accumulation chamber near the front end of the decarbonization tower is connected to the third double-sided spray device arranged at the front end of the desorption tower through a rich amine liquid pump and a lean-rich liquid heat exchanger in sequence, and the remaining liquid accumulation chambers are connected to the second double-sided spray device arranged in the adjacent packing area through the first venturi liquid aspirator from the rear end of the decarbonization tower to the front end of the decarbonization tower; A plurality of liquid storage tanks are arranged at the bottom of the desorption tower; the liquid storage tank near the rear end of the desorption tower is connected to the rear end of the second double-sided spray device through a lean amine liquid pump, a lean-rich liquid heat exchanger, and a lean liquid cooler in sequence, and the remaining liquid storage tanks are connected to the third double-sided spray device arranged in the adjacent packing area through a second venturi aspirator from the front end of the desorption tower to the rear end of the desorption tower; The desorption tower is also connected to a reboiler; The liquid storage tank near the rear end of the desorption tower is connected to the output end of the reboiler through a lean amine liquid pump, and the amine liquid in the desorption tower is transported to the reboiler for temperature increase and vaporization treatment; the output end of the reboiler is connected to the desorption tower through a temperature control valve, and the amine liquid vapor formed by the reboiler treatment is transported back to the desorption tower.

3. A horizontal, containerized desulfurization and decarbonization system for ship exhaust gas according to claim 2, characterized in that: The seawater desulfurization tower, the decarbonization tower and the desorption tower are all provided with a plurality of in-tower baffles at intervals; The plurality of in-tower baffles inside the seawater desulfurization tower, the decarbonization tower and the desorption tower are all vertically arranged, and two adjacent in-tower baffles are fixedly arranged at the top and the bottom of the tower respectively.

4. A horizontal, containerized desulfurization and decarbonization system for ship exhaust gas according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rear end of the seawater desulfurization tower is also connected to the input end of the first liquid level control valve through a demister and a high-pressure fan in sequence; the output end of the first liquid level control valve is connected to the first Venturi aspirator.

5. A horizontal, containerized desulfurization and decarbonization system for ship exhaust gas according to claim 2, characterized in that: The output end of the reboiler is also connected to the input end of the second liquid level control valve; the output end of the second liquid level control valve is connected to the second venturi aspirator.

6. A horizontal, containerized desulfurization and decarbonization system for ship exhaust gas according to claim 2, characterized in that: A demister is also provided at a position close to the decarbonization flue gas outlet in the decarbonization tower and at a position close to the desorption gas outlet in the desorption tower.

7. A horizontal, containerized desulfurization and decarbonization system for ship exhaust gas according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Supergravity beds are provided in the seawater desulfurization tower, the decarbonization tower and the desorption tower.

8. A horizontal, containerized desulfurization and decarbonization process for ship exhaust gas, characterized in that: The desulfurization and decarbonization process uses the horizontal, containerized desulfurization and decarbonization system for ship exhaust gas as described in claim 7 for desulfurization and decarbonization; The desulfurization and decarbonization process comprises the following steps: S1. When the ship's exhaust gas needs to be decarbonized, the flue gas fan is turned on to increase the pressure of the exhaust gas, and the exhaust gas is transported to the seawater desulfurization tower through the flue gas pipeline for double-sided seawater spraying to absorb sulfur oxides in the exhaust gas; S2, the relatively pure gas is dehydrated by the demister and then transported to the decarbonization tower, flows from the front end to the rear end of the decarbonization tower, contacts with the lean amine liquid sprayed by the second double-sided spraying device in the decarbonization tower, and is absorbed by the lean amine liquid. At the same time, the high-pressure fan is turned on. Under the action of the high-pressure fan extracting a small amount of relatively pure gas and forming high-pressure flue gas, the amine liquid in the liquid accumulation chamber is circulated and transported to the decarbonization tower through the first venturi aspirator, contacts with the relatively pure gas, forms rich amine liquid and pure gas, and the pure gas flows out from the decarbonization flue gas outlet; S3, the rich amine liquid is heated by the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger and transported to the desorption tower, and then sprayed into the desorption tower by the third double-sided spray device. At the same time, the lean amine liquid pump and the reboiler are turned on, and the rich amine liquid desorbs carbon dioxide gas after absorbing the steam heat generated by the reboiler. Under the action of the steam generated by the reboiler, the amine liquid in the liquid storage tank is circulated and transported to the desorption tower through the second venturi aspirator for desorption to form lean amine liquid; S4. The desorbed carbon dioxide gas is discharged through the desorption gas outlet, and the formed lean amine liquid passes through the lean amine liquid pump and is cooled twice by the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger and the lean liquid cooler, and then is transported to the rear end of the decarbonization tower, sprayed into the decarbonization tower through the second double-sided spraying device, and recycled.

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