Curved member forming apparatus and curved member forming method

Abstract

The application discloses a curved surface component forming device and method, and relates to the field of plate forming, which comprises an elastic compensation pad, a male die device and a female die device, wherein the male die device and the female die device are both rigid dies, at least one elastic compensation pad is arranged between the male die device and an initial plate blank and / or between the female die device and the initial plate blank, and the curved surface forming piece is formed through the male die device, the female die device and the elastic compensation pad; or one of the male die device and the female die device is a rigid die, and the other is an elastic die, and the curved surface forming piece is formed through the male die device and the female die device; the elastic compensation pad can be arranged between the working surface of the forming die and the surface to be compensated, and the curved surface forming piece is pressed again until the deviation between the profile size of the curved surface forming piece and the profile size of the target curved surface component is less than or equal to a set value. The application has the advantages of low cost and high efficiency, high profile precision and good surface quality of the obtained curved surface component, and can simplify the pressing forming process of the curved surface component and improve the material utilization rate.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of plate forming, in particular to a curved surface component forming device and a curved surface component forming method. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a key component in the fields of aviation, aerospace, navigation and nuclear fusion, the large complex curved surface shell has the characteristics of super large size and bidirectional variable curvature. The manufacturing process of the large complex curved surface shell has always been a great challenge due to its complex shape and high dimensional accuracy requirements. At present, the curved surface component is mainly formed by rigid die pressing, including cold pressing forming and hot pressing forming. The cold pressing forming has high production efficiency and long die service life, and the hot pressing forming has small springback and low forming load. However, the cold pressing forming has the defects of springback and wrinkling, the die cost of the hot pressing forming is high, and the component organization and performance are easily deteriorated, which cannot meet the performance requirements of force / magnetism. In addition, the traditional cold and hot pressing forming technology is difficult to achieve rapid and accurate forming, and the technical route is complex and the cycle is long.

[0003] In order to save production cost and manufacturing cycle and improve forming limit and dimensional accuracy, some rigid-flexible medium composite forming processes in which part of the rigid die is replaced by flexible medium have been developed, such as sheet fluid pressure forming, hot gas pressure forming and rubber capsule forming. However, the flexible forming process using fluid medium basically has the problems of sealing and medium leakage, and it is necessary to increase the process section and the sealing section to form a closed cavity in the forming area, which causes low material utilization. Since the forming load required by the large thickness component is large, the forming load that can be applied by the forming medium (fluid, gas, rubber capsule) in the above three forming methods is limited, such as the fluid pressure is generally less than 200 MPa, the gas pressure is generally less than 20 MPa, and the rubber capsule pressure is generally less than 5 MPa. Therefore, the sheet fluid pressure forming, hot gas pressure forming and rubber capsule forming are only suitable for the forming of thin plates, and cannot be used for the forming of components with large thickness, such as the thickness of the hull shell and the nuclear fusion vacuum chamber shell reaches dozens of millimeters, which cannot be formed by sheet fluid pressure forming, hot gas pressure forming or rubber capsule. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a curved surface component forming device and a curved surface component forming method to solve the problems existing in the prior art, so as to obtain a large size curved surface shell component meeting the accuracy requirements at low cost and high efficiency, and to obtain a curved surface component with high contour accuracy and good surface quality, which can greatly simplify the pressing forming process of the curved surface shell component and improve the material utilization.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following solutions.

[0006] The application provides a curved surface component forming device, which comprises a forming die and at least one elastic compensation pad, the forming die comprises a male die device and a female die device; the male die device and the female die device are both rigid dies; or one of the male die device and the female die device is a rigid die, and the other is an elastic die; and the male die device and the female die device are used for placing an initial plate blank therebetween;

[0007] When the male die device and the female die device are both rigid dies, at least one elastic compensation pad is arranged between the male die device and the initial plate blank and / or between the female die device and the initial plate blank, each elastic compensation pad can be in contact with part of the surface of the initial plate blank; by moving the male die device towards the female die device and / or moving the female die device towards the male die device, the elastic compensation pad can be pressed against the initial plate blank, and the initial plate blank can be formed into a curved surface forming piece;

[0008] When one of the male die device and the female die device is a rigid die, and the other is an elastic die, by moving the male die device towards the female die device and / or moving the female die device towards the male die device, the initial plate blank can be formed into a curved surface forming piece;

[0009] The part of the curved surface forming piece, which has a profile size deviation greater than a set value from a target curved surface component, is a to-be-compensated surface of the curved surface forming piece, the elastic compensation pad can be arranged between the working surface of the forming die and the to-be-compensated surface, and the elastic compensation pad can be in contact with the to-be-compensated surface.

[0010] Preferably, the elastic die comprises at least one first elastic body, and a plurality of the first elastic bodies are arranged in layers.

[0011] Preferably, each first elastic body of the elastic die is a flat plate, and the initial plate blank and the curved surface forming piece are both to-be-processed pieces; from the side close to the to-be-processed piece to the side far away from the to-be-processed piece, the outer profile size of the plurality of first elastic bodies decreases in turn; and the elastic die can be deformed into an outward convex shape or an inward concave shape by being pressed against the to-be-processed piece.

[0012] Preferably, the elastic die comprises a curved surface elastic body, and the working surface of the curved surface elastic body is an outward convex curved surface or an inward concave curved surface.

[0013] Preferably, the elastic die comprises a rigid male die and a second elastic body, the second elastic body is arranged between the rigid male die and the to-be-processed piece, and the second elastic body can be deformed into an outward convex shape by being pressed against the to-be-processed piece.

[0014] The application provides a curved surface component forming method based on the curved surface component forming device, which comprises the following steps.

[0015] S1, forming the initial slab into the curved surface forming piece by using the method one or the method two, wherein:

[0016] The method one comprises: setting the male die device and the female die device as rigid dies, setting at least one elastic compensation pad between the male die device and the initial slab and / or between the female die device and the initial slab; moving the male die device towards the female die device and / or moving the female die device towards the male die device, so that the elastic compensation pad and the initial slab are pressed against each other, and the initial slab is formed into a curved surface forming piece;

[0017] The method two comprises: setting one of the male die device and the female die device as a rigid die and the other as an elastic die, moving the male die device towards the female die device and / or moving the female die device towards the male die device, so that the initial slab can be formed into a curved surface forming piece;

[0018] S2, obtaining the position of the surface to be compensated on the curved surface forming piece, setting the elastic compensation pad at each surface to be compensated of the curved surface component, and using the male die device and the female die device in the method one or the method two to re-press the curved surface forming piece until the deviation between the contour size of the curved surface forming piece and the contour size of the target curved surface component is less than or equal to a set value.

[0019] Preferably, S1 further comprises: obtaining the shape and size of the initial slab according to the shape and size of the target curved surface component before pressing the initial slab.

[0020] Preferably, the elastic die comprises at least one first elastic body, and a plurality of the first elastic bodies are stacked.

[0021] S1 further comprises: obtaining the material, shape and size of the elastic die according to the shape and size of the target curved surface component and the shape and size of the initial slab before pressing the initial slab; determining the thickness of each first elastic body, obtaining the number of the first elastic bodies according to the thickness of the elastic die and the thickness of each first elastic body; and obtaining the stacking mode of the plurality of first elastic bodies.

[0022] Preferably, S1 comprises: the method for obtaining the shape and size of the initial slab comprises: obtaining the shape and size of the initial slab according to the shape of the developed blank corresponding to the target curved surface component after being developed, and increasing the size of the outer contour of the initial slab by 20mm-80mm based on the size of the developed blank of the target curved surface component, and making the thickness of the initial slab the same as the thickness of the target curved surface component or increasing the thickness of the initial slab by 0.1mm-8mm based on the thickness of the target curved surface component.

[0023] Preferably, S1 comprises: the method for obtaining the size of the elastic die comprises: making the thickness of the elastic die 1-2 times the maximum height of the target curved surface component; obtaining the thickness of each first elastic body, and obtaining the number of the first elastic bodies according to the thickness of the elastic die and the thickness of each first elastic body; and the contour size of the elastic die is not less than the contour size of the initial slab.

[0024] The present application has the following technical effects relative to the prior art:

[0025] The present application provides a curved surface component forming device and a curved surface component forming method, which comprises at least one elastic compensation pad, a male die device and a female die device, wherein the male die device and the female die device are both rigid dies; or one of the male die device and the female die device is a rigid die, and the other is an elastic die; an initial slab is placed between the male die device and the female die device; when the male die device and the female die device are both rigid dies, at least one elastic compensation pad is arranged between the male die device and the initial slab and / or between the female die device and the initial slab; by moving the male die device towards the female die device and / or moving the female die device towards the male die device, the elastic compensation pad can be pressed against the initial slab, and the initial slab can be formed into a curved surface forming piece; when one of the male die device and the female die device is a rigid die, and the other is an elastic die, by moving the male die device towards the female die device and / or moving the female die device towards the male die device, the initial slab can be formed into a curved surface forming piece; the part of the curved surface forming piece deviating from the contour size of the target curved surface component by more than a set value is a to-be-compensated surface of the curved surface forming piece, the elastic compensation pad can be arranged between the working surface of the forming die and the to-be-compensated surface, and the elastic compensation pad can be in contact with the to-be-compensated surface.

[0026] The curved surface component forming device can obtain a curved surface component meeting the accuracy requirement at low cost and high efficiency, especially a large-size curved surface shell component meeting the accuracy requirement at low cost and high efficiency, and specifically as follows: (1) the convex die device and the concave die device jointly form a semi-closed die cavity, the elastic die can deform and flow in the semi-closed die cavity, so that the same set of die can adapt to the forming of the plate blank with different thicknesses within a certain range, and the die has high flexibility. (2) When the convex die device and the concave die device are closed to press the initial plate blank, the elastic die can be in contact with the upper surface or the lower surface of the initial plate blank, or the elastic compensation pad can be in contact with part of the upper surface and / or part of the lower surface of the initial plate blank, so that the elastic die or the elastic compensation pad interacts with the initial plate blank, the elastic die or the elastic compensation pad and the initial plate blank are in a soft contact state, the point contact loading of the traditional rigid die is overcome, the near-uniform normal load loading of the face-to-face soft contact at the contact position can be achieved, the bending stress in the initial plate blank can be effectively reduced, the wrinkling defect can be reduced or eliminated, and the component springback can be significantly reduced, so that the processing quality can be improved. (3) The soft contact near-uniform loading between the elastic die and the initial plate blank can effectively reduce or avoid scratches on the surface of the component and improve the surface quality. (4) After the initial plate blank is processed into a curved surface forming part, if the accuracy does not meet the requirement, the corresponding die profile of the die to be compensated is locally and quantitatively compensated through the elastic compensation pad, so that the high-precision curved surface shell component can be formed without or with less die repairing, the die repairing time and cost can be greatly reduced, and thus the manufacturing cycle is shortened and the manufacturing cost is reduced. (6) The elastic body (elastic die or elastic compensation pad) is used as the forming medium in the embodiment, the elastic body is a solid medium, the pressure bearing capacity is much larger than that of gas and fluid, and the pressure bearing capacity can be greater than 200 MPa, different materials of the elastic body can be replaced according to the forming load required by the formed part, the adaptability is stronger, and the application range is wider. (7) The process allowance of the initial plate blank is very small, compared with the traditional stretch forming and deep drawing forming process, the material utilization rate can be greatly improved, and the manufacturing cost is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0028] Figure 1 The structure schematic view of the curved surface component forming device provided for the embodiment 1 is shown in the figure.

[0029] Figure 2 The sectional view of the curved surface component forming device provided for the embodiment 1 is shown in the figure.

[0030] Figure 3Structure of the curved member forming apparatus provided for Example 2 Figure 1 ;

[0031] Figure 4 Structure of the curved member forming apparatus provided for Example 2 Figure 2 ;

[0032] Figure 5 Structure of the curved member forming apparatus provided for Example 3 Figure 1 ;

[0033] Figure 6 Structure of the curved member forming apparatus provided for Example 3 Figure 2 ;

[0034] Figure 7 Structure of the curved member forming apparatus provided for Example 4 Figure 1 ;

[0035] Figure 8 Structure of the curved member forming apparatus provided for Example 4 Figure 2 ;

[0036] Figure 9 Structure of the curved member forming apparatus applied for Method 1 in Example 5 Figure 1 ;

[0037] Figure 10 Structure of the curved member forming apparatus applied for Method 1 in Example 5 Figure 2 ;

[0038] Figure 11 Structure of the target curved member provided for Examples 1-5

[0039] Figure 12 Flow of the curved member forming method provided for Example 5 Figure 1 ;

[0040] Figure 13 Flow of the curved member forming method provided for Example 5 Figure 2 ;

[0041] In the figure: 100, curved member forming apparatus; 1, upper die plate; 2, male die device; 3, initial slab; 4, female die device; 5, lower die plate; 6, rigid male die; 7, bolt; 8, steel wire rope; 9, target curved member; 10, elastic compensation pad; 11, first elastic body; 12, curved elastic body; 13, second elastic body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] The purpose of this invention is to provide a curved surface component forming device and a curved surface component forming method to solve the problems existing in the prior art. It can obtain large-size curved surface shell components that meet the accuracy requirements at low cost and high efficiency. The obtained curved surface components have high contour accuracy and good surface quality, which can greatly simplify the pressing and forming process of curved surface shell components and improve material utilization.

[0044] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] like Figures 1-11 As shown, this embodiment provides a curved surface component forming apparatus 100, including a forming mold and at least one elastic compensation pad 10. The forming mold includes a punch device 2 and a die device 4; both the punch device 2 and the die device 4 are rigid molds; or one of the punch device 2 and the die device 4 is a rigid mold, and the other of the punch device 2 and the die device 4 is an elastic mold; an initial blank 3 is placed between the punch device 2 and the die device 4; when both the punch device 2 and the die device 4 are rigid molds, at least one elastic compensation pad 10 is provided between the punch device 2 and the initial blank 3 and / or between the die device 4 and the initial blank 3, and each elastic compensation pad 10 can contact a portion of the surface of the initial blank 3; by moving the punch device 2 toward the die device 4 and / or Alternatively, the die cavity 4 can be moved toward the punch 2, allowing the elastic compensation pad 10 to press against the initial blank 3, thus shaping the initial blank 3 into a curved part. When one of the punch 2 and the die cavity 4 is a rigid die and the other is an elastic die, the elastic compensation pad 10 is not provided between the punch 2 and the die cavity 4. By moving the punch 2 toward the die cavity 4 and / or moving the die cavity 4 toward the punch 2, the initial blank 3 can be shaped into a curved part. The portion of the curved part whose contour dimension deviation from the target curved component is greater than a set value is the surface to be compensated for. The elastic compensation pad 10 can be placed between the working surface of the forming die and the surface to be compensated, and the elastic compensation pad 10 can contact the surface to be compensated. When one of the punch 2 and the die cavity 4 is a rigid die and the other is an elastic die, the profile of the rigid die is used to shape the initial blank to ensure processing accuracy.

[0047] The curved surface component forming device 100 can obtain a curved surface component meeting the accuracy requirement at low cost and high efficiency, especially a large-size curved surface shell component meeting the accuracy requirement at low cost and high efficiency. The obtained curved surface component has high profile accuracy and good surface quality, and can greatly simplify the pressing forming process of the curved surface shell component, improve the material utilization rate, and specifically as follows: (1) the male die device 2 and the female die device 4 jointly constitute a semi-closed die cavity, and the elastic die can deform and flow in the semi-closed die cavity, so that the same set of dies can adapt to the forming of plate blanks with different thicknesses within a certain range, and the die has high flexibility. (2) When the male die device 2 and the female die device 4 are closed to press the initial plate blank 3, the elastic die can be in contact with the upper surface or the lower surface of the initial plate blank 3, or the elastic compensation pad 10 can be in contact with part of the upper surface and / or part of the lower surface of the initial plate blank 3, so that the elastic die or the elastic compensation pad 10 interacts with the initial plate blank 3, and the elastic die or the elastic compensation pad 10 and the initial plate blank 3 are in a soft contact state. The point contact loading of the traditional rigid die is overcome, the contact position can realize the nearly uniform normal load loading of the face-to-face soft contact, the bending stress in the initial plate blank 3 can be effectively reduced, the wrinkling defect can be reduced or eliminated, and the component springback can be significantly reduced, so that the processing quality can be improved. (3) The soft contact nearly uniform loading action between the elastic die and the initial plate blank 3 can effectively reduce or avoid scratches on the surface of the component, and improve the surface quality. (4) After the initial plate blank 3 is processed into a curved surface forming part, if the accuracy does not meet the requirement, the corresponding die type surface of the die to be compensated is locally and quantitatively compensated by the elastic compensation pad 10, so that a high-precision curved surface shell component can be formed without or with less die repairing, the die repairing time and cost can be greatly reduced, and thus the manufacturing cycle is shortened and the manufacturing cost is reduced. (6) The elastic body (elastic die or elastic compensation pad 10) is used as the forming medium in the embodiment, the elastic body is a solid medium, and the pressure bearing capacity is much larger than that of gas and fluid, and can bear a pressure greater than 200 MPa. Different materials of the elastic body can be replaced according to the forming load required by the formed part, the adaptability is stronger, and the application range is wider. (7) The process allowance of the initial plate blank 3 is very small, the material utilization rate can be greatly improved compared with the traditional drawing and deep drawing forming process, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.

[0048] It should be noted that the elastic die of the embodiment can be in various forms such as a flat plate, a laminated plate, a whole block or a distributed plate, and each shape of the elastic die can be used alone or in combination.

[0049] As a preferred embodiment, the material of the elastic die is polyurethane, nylon, rubber or polytetrafluoroethylene plastic, and polyurethane with a Shore hardness of 85HA is preferentially selected. If the polyurethane with a Shore hardness of 85HA cannot meet the use requirement, polyurethane with a Shore hardness of 90HA, polyurethane with a Shore hardness of 100HA or nylon can be selected. The shape of the elastic die is a flat plate or a whole curved surface block, and the thickness of the elastic die ranges from 1mm to 1000mm.

[0050] This embodiment is applicable to the forming of curved surface components made of materials such as metals, including stainless steel curved surface components, aluminum alloy curved surface components, magnesium alloy curved surface components, and high-temperature alloy curved surface components. In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the target curved surface component 9 ranges from t0 = 0.5 to 80 mm, the maximum side length ranges from l0 = 50 to 5000 mm, and the surface shape of the target curved surface component 9 is a hyperboloid, including unidirectional hyperboloids and reverse hyperboloids (saddle surfaces).

[0051] The elastic mold in this embodiment can spring back to its initial shape after the pressing and molding process is completed and the mold is opened. It can be reused until it breaks and becomes unusable. When the compression ratio of the elastic mold is less than 60%, its service life can reach at least thousands of cycles.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] This embodiment provides a curved surface component forming device 100, such as... Figures 3-4 As shown, in this embodiment, one of the punch device 2 and the die device 4 is a rigid die, and the other of the punch device 2 and the die device 4 is an elastic die; the elastic die includes at least one first elastic body 11, and multiple first elastic bodies 11 are stacked.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, each of the first elastic bodies 11 of the elastic mold is flat, and both the initial blank 3 and the curved forming part are defined as the workpiece to be processed; from the side closer to the workpiece to the side farther away from the workpiece, the outer contour dimensions of the plurality of first elastic bodies 11 decrease sequentially; the elastic mold can generate deformation corresponding to the surface of the initial blank 3 or the curved forming part by mutual compression with the initial blank 3 or the curved forming part, and is convex or concave, thereby forming an elastic punch (such as... Figure 4 (As shown) or an elastic die, which functions as a punch or die. The flat first elastic body 11 is easy to process. By combining multiple flat first elastic bodies 11 to form an elastic die, the processing can be simplified and costs reduced.

[0055] In the embodiment, the upper die plate 1 is fixedly connected with one of the male die device 2 or the female die device 4, and the lower die plate 5 is fixedly connected with the other one of the male die device 2 or the female die device 4. Taking the male die device 2 as the elastic die and the male die device 2 being connected with the upper die plate 1 as an example, a plurality of bolts 7 are arranged on the upper die plate 1, the uppermost first elastic body 11 in the elastic die is in contact with the lower surface of the upper die plate 1, and the lowermost first elastic body 11 in the elastic die is connected to the screw of the upper die plate 1 through the steel wire rope 8, so that all the stacked first elastic bodies 11 are connected to the upper die plate 1 in a suspended manner. The elastic die is connected to the upper die plate 1, and the die can be easily opened to take out the product. It should be noted that the connection mode of the steel wire rope 8 and the lowermost first elastic body 11 in the elastic die should avoid affecting the machining quality of the upper surface of the initial plate blank 3 or the curved surface product.

[0056] The other structures and connection relationships of the curved surface component forming device 100 in the embodiment are the same as those in Embodiment 1.

[0057] Embodiment 3

[0058] The curved surface component forming device 100 in the embodiment is shown in Figures 5-6 The male die device 2 and the female die device 4 in the embodiment are one rigid die and the other one elastic die. The elastic die includes a curved surface elastic body 12, and the working surface of the curved surface elastic body 12 is an outer convex curved surface or an inner concave curved surface. In the embodiment, the elastic die is the integral curved surface block-shaped curved surface elastic body 12, and the elastic die can play the role of the male die device 2 or the female die device 4.

[0059] In the embodiment, the upper die plate 1 is fixedly connected with one of the male die device 2 or the female die device 4, and the lower die plate 5 is fixedly connected with the other one of the male die device 2 or the female die device 4. Taking the male die device 2 as the elastic die and the male die device 2 being connected with the upper die plate 1 as an example, the surface of the curved surface elastic body 12 close to the lower die plate 5 is an outer convex curved surface, and the surface of the female die device 4 close to the curved surface elastic body 12 is an inner concave curved surface. The integral curved surface block-shaped curved surface elastic body 12 is directly fixed on the upper die plate 1, and the integral curved surface block-shaped curved surface elastic body 12 is directly used for pressing and forming the initial plate blank 3. The initial plate blank 3 is in soft contact with the elastic die, the elastic die and the initial plate blank 3 are deformed at the same time, and the initial plate blank 3 is gradually pressed against the lower die plate 5.

[0060] The other structures and connection relationships of the curved surface component forming device 100 in the embodiment are the same as those in Embodiment 1.

[0061] Embodiment 4

[0062] The curved surface component forming device 100 in the embodiment is shown inFigures 7-8 As shown, in this embodiment, one of the punch device 2 and the die device 4 is a rigid die, and the other is an elastic die. The elastic die includes a rigid punch 6 and a second elastic body 13. The second elastic body 13 is disposed between the rigid punch 6 and the workpiece to be processed. The second elastic body 13 can be deformed into an outward convex shape by mutual compression with the workpiece to be processed. The second elastic body 13 directly acts on the workpiece to perform the function of the punch. When the second elastic body 13 and the rigid punch 6 are combined, the function of the elastic die can be achieved. That is, the whole after the two are combined is an elastic die.

[0063] It should be noted that the die device 4 can also be an elastic die, that is, the elastic die includes a rigid die 4 and a second elastic body 13, the second elastic body 13 being disposed between the rigid die 4 and the workpiece to be processed.

[0064] In this embodiment, an upper template 1 and a lower template 5 are also included. The upper template 1 is fixedly connected to one of the punch device 2 or the die device 4, and the lower template 5 is fixedly connected to the other of the punch device 2 or the die device 4. Taking the punch device 2 as an elastic die and the punch device 2 connected to the upper template 1 as an example, the upper template 1 is fixedly connected to a rigid punch 6, and the lower template 5 is fixedly connected to a rigid die device 4. The profile of the rigid punch 6 matches the profile of the rigid die device 4, and the difference in the radius of curvature between the profile of the rigid punch 6 and the profile of the rigid die device 4 is greater than the thickness of the initial blank 3.

[0065] The second elastic body 13 is flat and can be freely placed on the initial blank 3, or it can be wrapped and fixedly connected to the surface of the rigid punch 6 before pressing the initial blank 3. The lower template 5 is used to be set on the press worktable, and the press can be a hydraulic press, servo press, etc. The upper template 1 is used to be connected to the press beam, which can drive the upper template 1 to move up and down, and the upper template 1 can drive the rigid punch 6 connected to it to move up and down.

[0066] The other structures and connections of the curved surface component forming device 100 in this embodiment are the same as those in Embodiment 1.

[0067] Example 5

[0068] like Figures 1-12 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for forming curved components based on the curved component forming apparatus 100 of Embodiment 1, including the following steps:

[0069] S1. The initial slab 3 is shaped into a curved surface part using either method one or method two, wherein:

[0070] The method one comprises: setting the punch device 2 and the die device 4 as rigid molds, setting at least one elastic compensation pad 10 between the punch device 2 and the initial plate blank 3 and / or between the die device 4 and the initial plate blank 3; moving the punch device 2 towards the die device 4 and / or moving the die device 4 towards the punch device 2, so that the elastic compensation pad 10 is pressed against the initial plate blank 3, and the initial plate blank 3 is shaped into a curved shaped part;

[0071] The method two comprises: setting one of the punch device 2 and the die device 4 as a rigid mold and the other as an elastic mold, moving the punch device 2 towards the die device 4 and / or moving the die device 4 towards the punch device 2, so that the initial plate blank 3 can be shaped into a curved shaped part;

[0072] S2, acquiring the positions of the surfaces to be compensated on the curved shaped part, setting the elastic compensation pad 10 at each surface to be compensated on the curved shaped part, and using the punch device 2 and the die device 4 in the method one or the method two to re-press the curved shaped part until the deviation between the contour size of the curved shaped part and the contour size of the target curved component 9 is less than or equal to a set value. The curved component shaping device 100 can be unloaded, opened, adjusted with the elastic compensation pad 10, and re-pressed and shaped multiple times to ensure that the curved shaped part is completely attached to the lower mold plate 5.

[0073] In the embodiment, S1 further comprises: acquiring the shape and size of the initial plate blank 3 according to the shape and size of the target curved component 9 before the initial plate blank 3 is pressed.

[0074] In the embodiment, the elastic mold comprises at least one first elastic body 11, and the multiple first elastic bodies 11 are arranged in sequence along the direction from the upper mold plate 1 to the lower mold plate 5.

[0075] S1 further comprises: acquiring the material, shape and size of the elastic mold according to the shape and size of the target curved component 9 and the shape and size of the initial plate blank 3 before the initial plate blank 3 is pressed, determining the thickness of each first elastic body 11, acquiring the number of the first elastic bodies 11 according to the thickness of the elastic mold and the thickness of each first elastic body 11, and acquiring the stacking mode of the multiple first elastic bodies 11.

[0076] It should be noted that when the punch device and the die device are both rigid molds, the material, shape and size of the elastic compensation pad can also be acquired according to the shape and size of the target curved component 9 and the shape and size of the initial plate blank 3 before the initial plate blank 3 is pressed.

[0077] In the embodiment, S1 includes: the method for obtaining the shape and size of the initial blank 3 includes: obtaining the shape and size of the initial blank 3 according to the shape of the expanded blank corresponding to the target curved surface component 9 after being expanded, and increasing the outer contour size of the initial blank 3 by 20mm-80mm based on the size of the expanded blank of the target curved surface component 9, and making the thickness of the initial blank 3 the same as the thickness of the target curved surface component 9 or increasing the thickness of the initial blank 3 by 0.1mm-8mm based on the thickness of the target curved surface component 9. As a preferred embodiment, the target curved surface component 9 is expanded by using three-dimensional software such as UG, CATIA, etc. to obtain the shape and size data of the expanded blank. After obtaining the size of the initial blank 3, the initial blank 3 is cut by using one of the methods such as plasma cutting, laser cutting or wire cutting, and then the edges of the initial blank 3 are chamfered and polished by using grinding, and the depth of removal is 5%-15% of the wall thickness.

[0078] In the embodiment, S1 includes: the method for obtaining the size of the first elastic body 11 includes: making the thickness of the elastic die 1-2 times the maximum height of the target curved surface component 9; obtaining the thickness of each first elastic body 11, and obtaining the number of the first elastic body 11 according to the thickness of the elastic die and the thickness of each first elastic body 11; the contour size of the elastic die is not less than the contour size of the initial blank 3, for example, the elastic die and the initial blank 3 are rectangular, and the length and width of the elastic die are not less than the length and width of the initial blank 3. The thickness of each first elastic body 11 can be determined according to the size (depth) of the formed part in the closing direction, and generally the thickness of all first elastic bodies 11 is equal, and the thickness of a single first elastic body 11 ranges from 2mm to 50mm.

[0079] In the embodiment, S1 includes: the method for obtaining the position of the surface to be compensated on the curved surface formed part includes: performing three-dimensional scanning on the curved surface formed part after springback, the forming surface of the convex die device 2 and the forming surface of the concave die device 4, and obtaining the contour size data of the curved surface formed part before and after springback, obtaining the springback rule or springback data of the curved surface formed part according to the contour size data of the curved surface formed part before and after springback, obtaining the position of the surface to be compensated of the curved surface formed part according to the springback rule or springback data of the curved surface formed part, and further determining the number, position, shape and size of the elastic compensation pad 10. The elastic compensation pad 10 is placed at the designed position, and the curved surface formed part is pressed and formed again.

[0080] As a preferred embodiment, when one of the convex die device 2 and the concave die device 4 is an elastic die, only the curved surface formed part after springback and the forming surface of the rigid die in the convex die device 2 and the concave die device 4 can be scanned, and the elastic compensation pad 10 is arranged at the forming surface of the rigid die in the convex die device 2 and the concave die device 4.

[0081] It should be noted that the method for obtaining the position of the compensation surface is not limited to the above method, and other methods can also be used, such as three-dimensional scanning of the rebounded curved surface forming part to obtain the profile size data of the curved surface forming part, comparing the profile size data of the curved surface forming part with the profile size data of the target curved surface member 9, and the part of the curved surface forming part with a profile size deviation greater than a set value from the target curved surface member 9 is the compensation surface of the curved surface forming part.

[0082] In this embodiment, S3 is also included: when the curved surface forming part meets the design requirements (size accuracy requirements, etc.), the excess is cut off by using plasma cutting, laser cutting or wire cutting method, and the final target curved surface member 9 is obtained.

[0083] As a first feasible implementation, the curved surface member forming method provided in this embodiment comprises:

[0084] Step S1: reverse design the shape and size of the initial blank 3 according to the shape and size of the target curved surface member 9;

[0085] Step S2: one of the male die device 2 and the female die device 4 is set as a rigid die, and the other is set as an elastic die; determine the material, shape and size of the elastic die required during pressing forming, and the superposition mode;

[0086] Step S3: place the initial blank 3 on the lower rigid female die device 4, and the upper elastic die is the male die device 2;

[0087] Step S4: the elastic die goes down, drives the elastic die to interact with the initial blank 3, loads the initial blank 3 with nearly uniformly distributed normal load, and the initial blank 3 is pressed to gradually adhere to the cavity of the female die device 4, and is formed into a curved surface forming part;

[0088] Step S5: unload and open the mold, the elastic die rebounds to the initial shape, the curved surface forming part rebounds, and the appearance of the rebounded curved surface forming part is scanned by using a three-dimensional scanner to obtain the rebounding rule of the curved surface forming part;

[0089] Step S6: if the profile size of the curved surface forming part does not meet the accuracy requirements, the curved surface forming part is placed on the female die device 4 again, and the elastic compensation pad 10 is placed on the upper side and the lower side of the curved surface forming part, and the curved surface forming part is pressed and shaped again.

[0090] Step S7: unload and open the mold, take out the curved surface forming part, and cut off the excess when the curved surface forming part meets the accuracy requirements to obtain the final curved surface member.

[0091] In step three, the elastic mold includes a rigid punch 6 and a second elastic body 13, the upper die plate 1 is fixedly connected with the rigid punch 6, and the lower die plate is fixedly connected with the rigid concave mold device 4. The flat plate-shaped second elastic body 13 is freely placed on the initial blank 3, or the flat plate-shaped second elastic body 13 is wrapped and fixedly connected on the profile of the rigid punch 6, and then the initial blank 3 is pressed and formed. The lower die plate 5 is arranged on the workbench of the press, and the press is a hydraulic press, a servo press or the like; the upper die plate 1 is connected with the press beam, the press beam can drive the upper die plate 1 to move up and down, and the upper die plate 1 can drive the rigid punch 6 connected therewith to move up and down.

[0092] As a second feasible implementation, the steps of the curved surface component forming method provided by the embodiment are the same as those of the first feasible implementation, and the difference lies in that:

[0093] In step three, the initial blank 3 is placed on the concave mold device 4, a plurality of flat plate-shaped first elastic bodies 11 of 85HA polyurethane material are stacked into a certain geometric configuration and placed on the initial blank 3, and then the first elastic bodies 11 are suspended and connected with the upper die plate 1 through the steel wire rope 8 and the bolt 7. The initial blank 3 is pressed and formed by using the first elastic bodies 11 arranged in multiple layers. The concave mold device 4 is fixed with the lower die plate 5, and then is fixed on the workbench of the press. The press is a hydraulic press, a servo press, etc. The upper die plate 1 is connected with the press beam, the press beam drives the upper die plate 1 to move up and down, and the closing and opening of the mold are realized.

[0094] As a third feasible implementation, the steps of the curved surface component forming method provided by the embodiment are the same as those of the first feasible implementation, and the difference lies in that:

[0095] In step three, the initial blank 3 is placed on the concave mold device 4, and the integral curved surface block-shaped elastic mold is directly fixed on the upper die plate 1. The initial blank 3 is directly pressed and formed by using the integral curved surface block-shaped elastic mold. The concave mold device 4 is fixed with the lower die plate 5, and then is fixed on the workbench of the press. The press is a hydraulic press, a servo press, etc. The upper die plate 1 is connected with the press beam, the press beam drives the upper die plate 1 to move up and down, and the closing and opening of the mold are realized.

[0096] As a fourth feasible implementation, the curved surface component forming method provided by the embodiment includes:

[0097] Step S1: reverse calculating and designing the shape and size of the initial blank 3 according to the shape and size of the target curved surface component 9;

[0098] Step S2: setting the punch device 2 and the concave mold device 4 as rigid molds; determining the material, shape and size, and placement position of the elastic compensation pad 10 required for pressing and forming the initial blank 3;

[0099] Step S3: placing the initial blank 3 between the male die device 2 and the female die device 4, and placing the elastic compensation pad 10 between the male die device 2 and the initial blank 3 and / or between the female die device 4 and the initial blank 3;

[0100] Step S4: elastic die descending, the elastic compensation pad 10 can interact with the initial blank 3 during the die closing process, and a nearly uniform normal load is loaded on the corresponding surface of the initial blank 3, the initial blank 3 is pressed and gradually adheres to the die cavity of the female die device 4, and the curved surface forming part is formed;

[0101] Step S5: unloading and opening the die, the curved surface forming part rebounds, a three-dimensional scanner is used to scan the appearance of the rebounded curved surface forming part, and the rebounding law of the curved surface forming part is obtained;

[0102] Step S6: if the contour size of the curved surface forming part does not meet the accuracy requirement, the curved surface forming part is re-placed on the female die device 4, and then the elastic compensation pad 10 of the required material, shape and size is placed on the local position (the surface to be compensated) on the upper side and the lower side of the curved surface forming part, and the curved surface forming part is pressed and shaped again by re-die closing.

[0103] Step S7: unloading and opening the die, and taking out the curved surface forming part, when the curved surface forming part meets the accuracy requirement, the excess amount is cut off, and the final curved surface member is obtained.

[0104] It should be noted that the upper die plate 1 and the lower die plate 5 in the present application only represent the upper and lower positions relative to the space of the press, and the upper die plate 1 and the lower die plate 5 can be interchanged. The upper die plate 1 is usually connected to the male die device 2, and the lower die plate 5 is usually connected to the female die device 4. The shape of the female die device 4 is usually an integral block, and is a rigid die, and the profile thereof is mainly used to ensure the contour accuracy of the target curved surface member 9. The profile of the male die device 2 has no specific requirement, and does not need to be completely matched with the female die device 4. However, the female die device 4 can also be an elastic die, and the male die device 2 can be a rigid die. At this time, the placement order of the first elastic body 11 and the second elastic body 13 relative to the initial blank 3 can be changed, that is, in addition to being able to be placed above the initial blank 3, the first elastic body 11 and the second elastic body 13 can also be placed below the initial blank 3. The placement order is determined according to the shape and size characteristics of the forming part and the forming effect.

[0105] The principles and implementation manners of the present application are described by using specific examples in the present application. The above examples are only used to help understand the method of the present application and its core idea; meanwhile, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, the specific implementation manners and application ranges will be changed. In conclusion, the content of the present description should not be understood as a limitation of the present application.

Claims

1. A device for forming curved surface components, characterized in that: The forming die comprises a punch device and a die device; one of the punch device and the die device is a rigid die, and the other is an elastic die; the initial slab is placed between the punch device and the die device; When one of the punch device and the die device is a rigid die and the other is an elastic die, the initial slab can be formed into a curved surface forming piece by moving the punch device towards the die device and / or moving the die device towards the punch device; The part of the curved surface forming piece that deviates from the profile size of the target curved surface component by more than a set value is a surface to be compensated of the curved surface forming piece, and the elastic compensation pad can be arranged between the working surface of the forming die and the surface to be compensated, and can be in contact with the surface to be compensated; The elastic die comprises at least one layer of first elastic bodies, and multiple layers of the first elastic bodies are arranged in a stack; each of the first elastic bodies of the elastic die is a flat plate, and the initial slab and the curved surface forming piece are both workpieces; from the side close to the workpiece to the side away from the workpiece, the outer profile size of the multiple first elastic bodies decreases in turn; the elastic die can be deformed into an outward convex shape or an inward concave shape by being pressed against the workpiece; Further comprising an upper die plate and a lower die plate, the upper die plate is fixedly connected with one of the punch device or the die device, the lower die plate is fixedly connected with the other of the punch device or the die device, multiple bolts are arranged on the upper die plate, the uppermost first elastic body in the elastic die is in contact with the lower surface of the upper die plate, and the lowermost first elastic body in the elastic die is connected to the screw of the upper die plate by a steel wire rope, so that all the first elastic bodies arranged in a stack are connected to the upper die plate in a suspended manner.

2. The curved member forming apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by: The elastic die comprises a curved surface elastic body, and the working surface of the curved surface elastic body is an outward convex curved surface or an inward concave curved surface.

3. The curved member forming apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by: The elastic die comprises a rigid punch and a second elastic body, the second elastic body is arranged between the rigid punch and the workpiece, and the second elastic body can be deformed into an outward convex shape by being pressed against the workpiece.

4. A curved member forming method based on the curved member forming apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by: The method comprises the following steps: S1, one of the punch device and the die device is arranged as a rigid die, and the other is arranged as an elastic die, the punch device is moved towards the die device and / or the die device is moved towards the punch device, and the initial slab can be formed into a curved surface forming piece; The elastic die comprises at least one layer of first elastic bodies, and multiple layers of the first elastic bodies are arranged in a stack; S1 further comprises: before pressing the initial slab, obtaining the material, shape and size of the elastic die according to the shape and size of the target curved surface component and the shape and size of the initial slab; determining the thickness of each first elastic body, and obtaining the number of the first elastic bodies according to the thickness of the elastic die and the thickness of each first elastic body; and obtaining the stacking mode of the plurality of first elastic bodies. S2, obtaining the positions of the surfaces to be compensated on the curved surface forming component, arranging the elastic compensation pads at each surface to be compensated of the curved surface component, and pressing the curved surface forming component again by using the male die device and the female die device until the deviation between the contour size of the curved surface forming component and the contour size of the target curved surface component is less than or equal to a set value.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein: S1 further comprises: before pressing the initial slab, obtaining the shape and size of the initial slab according to the shape and size of the target curved surface component.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein: S1 comprises: The method for obtaining the shape and size of the initial slab comprises: obtaining the shape and size of the initial slab according to the shape of the developed blank corresponding to the target curved surface component after being developed, and increasing the outer contour size of the initial slab by 20mm-80mm of excess amount on the basis of the size of the developed blank of the target curved surface component, and making the thickness of the initial slab the same as the thickness of the target curved surface component or increasing the thickness of the initial slab by 0.1mm-8mm of excess amount on the basis of the thickness of the target curved surface component.

7. The method of claim 4, wherein: S1 comprises: The method for obtaining the size of the elastic die comprises: making the thickness of the elastic die 1-2 times the maximum height of the target curved surface component. Obtaining the thickness of each first elastic body, and obtaining the number of the first elastic bodies according to the thickness of the elastic die and the thickness of each first elastic body; and the contour size of the elastic die is not less than the contour size of the initial slab.

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