Sandy soil improver and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a sandy soil conditioner and its application, the sandy soil conditioner includes the following raw materials in parts by mass: 1-5 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 100-126 parts of biochar, 15-30 parts of humic acid, and 0.5-1.5 parts of microbial agent; the microbial agent is prepared by Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium bilaiae in a mass ratio of (1-3): (0.5-1.5). The present invention is made by scientifically proportioning sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, biochar, humic acid and specific microbial agent, and the addition of biochar significantly enhances the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, and its porous structure effectively absorbs and retains a large amount of water and nutrients, reduces nutrient loss, and improves soil fertility; humic acid, with its rich organic matter and various nutrients, effectively enhances the organic matter content of the soil, improves soil structure, forms a stable aggregate structure, and enhances the air permeability and water retention of the soil; sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, as a soil conditioner, further enhances the agglomeration and stability of the soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and in particular to a sandy soil improver and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Sandy soil, characterized by a high sand content, offers advantages such as looseness, good permeability, and low tillage resistance. However, due to its unique physical properties, the soil's high permeability results in weak absorption capacity. This not only severely weakens the soil's ability to retain water and nutrients, but also leads to easy loss of water and fertilizer, resulting in low soil fertility. This also significantly reduces irrigation and fertilization efficiency, significantly increasing the difficulty and cost of agricultural production. More seriously, the fragility of the soil structure and insufficient nutrients hinder the normal growth of crops, directly affecting yield and quality. Therefore, managing sandy soil and improving arable land quality have become critical issues that need to be addressed in current agricultural development. Scientific and appropriate soil improvement measures can not only improve the physical structure of sandy soil, but also enhance its water and fertilizer retention capacity and improve soil fertility, thereby providing more suitable environmental conditions for crop growth. Therefore, strengthening sandy soil management and improving arable land quality have become inevitable choices for agricultural development now and in the future.

[0003] Traditional methods for improving sandy soils include increasing the application of organic fertilizers, adding water-retaining agents, and introducing microbial agents. However, a single measure often fails to fully enhance sandy soil's water retention, fertilizer retention, and air permeability. Therefore, it is necessary to find an agent that integrates multiple functions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a sandy soil conditioner and application thereof.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A first aspect of the present invention provides a sandy soil conditioner comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0007] 1-5 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 100-126 parts of biochar, 15-30 parts of humic acid, and 0.5-1.5 parts of microbial agent;

[0008] The microbial agent is prepared by mixing Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium bilaiae in a mass ratio of (1-3): (0.5-1.5).

[0009] Preferably, the number of viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis in the microbial agent is ≥5×10 9 cfu / g, the number of viable Penicillium bilaiae ≥ 6×10 8 cell / g.

[0010] The second aspect of the present invention provides the use of the above-mentioned sandy soil conditioner in at least one of the following (1)-(3):

[0011] (1) Increase the organic matter content of sandy soil;

[0012] (2) Increase the alkaline nitrogen content of sandy soil;

[0013] (3) Increase the aggregate content of sandy soil.

[0014] The third aspect of the present invention provides the use of the above-mentioned sandy soil conditioner in at least one of the following (1)-(2):

[0015] (1) Increase the available phosphorus content in sandy soil;

[0016] (2) Increase the available potassium content in sandy soil.

[0017] The fourth aspect of the present invention provides the use of the above-mentioned sandy soil conditioner in at least one of the following (1)-(4):

[0018] (1) Improve the net photosynthetic rate of crops grown on sandy soil;

[0019] (2) Improve the transpiration rate of crops grown on sandy soil;

[0020] (3) Reduce the intercellular CO2 concentration of crops grown in sandy soil;

[0021] (4) Improve the stomatal conductance of crops grown on sandy soil.

[0022] A fifth aspect of the present invention provides a method for improving sandy soil, comprising the following steps:

[0023] Spread the sandy soil conditioner on the sandy soil to be improved and turn it over.

[0024] Preferably, the application amount of the sandy soil conditioner is 250-420 kg / mu.

[0025] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0026] 1. The present invention achieves comprehensive improvement of the physical, chemical and biological properties of sandy soil by scientifically proportioning sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, biochar, humic acid and specific microbial agents; the addition of biochar significantly enhances the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer, and its porous structure effectively absorbs and retains a large amount of water and nutrients, reduces nutrient loss, and improves soil fertility; humic acid, with its rich organic matter and various nutrients, effectively increases the organic matter content of the soil, improves the soil structure, forms a stable aggregate structure, and enhances the soil's air permeability and water retention; sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, as a soil conditioner, further enhances the soil's cohesion and stability, providing a more solid foundation for crop growth.

[0027] 2. Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium bilaiae in microbial agents have significant ecological effects with their high viable count / concentration; they promote the recovery of soil microbial diversity, improve the structure of soil microbial communities, and enhance soil ecological functions; at the same time, these microbial agents can also secrete beneficial substances, promote the growth and development of crop roots, and enhance the crop's ability to absorb and utilize nutrients. This feature not only creates a good growth environment for crop roots, but also improves the crop's stress resistance and yield quality.

[0028] 3. The sandy soil conditioner of the present invention utilizes a comprehensive combination of multiple high-efficiency soil conditioning materials, significantly improving soil fertility and structural stability while also promoting crop root development and nutrient absorption. This comprehensive improvement allows crops to thrive even in sandy, infertile soils, achieving a dual increase in crop yield and quality. This achievement provides strong technical support for sandy soil improvement and sustainable agricultural development, and is expected to be applied and promoted in a wider range of regions and under different soil conditions.

[0029] 4. Through the implementation of the present invention, the improvement effect of sandy soil has been significantly improved, agricultural production efficiency has been improved, and new vitality has been injected into the sustainable development of agriculture. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 : Net photosynthetic rate test results of peanuts:

[0031] Figure 2 : Peanut transpiration rate test results:

[0032] Figure 3 : Peanut intercellular carbon dioxide concentration test results:

[0033] Figure 4 : Stomatal conductance test results of peanut. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs.

[0035] In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solution of the present application, the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0036] The test materials used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional test materials in the art and can be purchased through commercial channels.

[0037] The sodium carboxymethyl cellulose used in the present invention was purchased from Xilong Science Co., Ltd., CAS: 9004-32-4.

[0038] The humic acid used in the present invention was purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., platform number: S30583.

[0039] The Bacillus subtilis used in the present invention was purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, and the strain number is CGMCC 1.9083.

[0040] In the present invention, Bacillus subtilis is added in the form of bacterial powder, and the preparation method of Bacillus subtilis bacterial powder is as follows:

[0041] The activated Bacillus subtilis was inoculated into a nutrient broth liquid culture medium at an inoculum size of 10% (volume fraction), cultured at 30° C. for 36 h, and the culture solution was centrifuged (4,000 rpm, 10 minutes), the supernatant was discarded, and the precipitated bacteria were collected and dried to obtain Bacillus subtilis powder.

[0042] The Penicillium bilaiae used in the present invention was purchased from Beijing Biobowei Biotechnology Co., Ltd., platform number: bio-135093.

[0043] In the present invention, Penicillium bilairum is added in the form of bacterial powder, and the preparation method of Penicillium bilairum powder is as follows:

[0044] The activated Penicillium bilainum was activated and inoculated into a PDA liquid culture medium at a volume fraction of 10%, cultured at 30°C for 36 hours, the culture solution was centrifuged (4,000 rpm, 10 minutes), the supernatant was discarded, the precipitated bacteria were collected, and dried to obtain Penicillium bilainum powder.

[0045] Example 1: Preparation of sandy soil conditioner:

[0046] Raw material composition: 0.2kg sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 10kg biochar, 1.5kg humic acid and 0.1kg microbial agent;

[0047] Biochar is prepared by the following methods:

[0048] Peanut straw was cut into 4 cm pieces, carbonized in a muffle furnace at 400 °C for 1 h, cooled, air-dried, and sieved to obtain biochar;

[0049] The microbial agent is prepared by the following method:

[0050] Bacillus subtilis powder and Penicillium bilaiae powder were mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 2:1 to obtain a microbial agent. The number of viable bacteria in the microbial agent was determined, and the number of viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis was 5×10 9 cfu / g, the concentration of Penicillium bilaireae was 6×10 8 cell / g;

[0051] Preparation method: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, biochar, humic acid and microbial agent are uniformly mixed according to parts by mass to obtain a sandy soil conditioner.

[0052] Example 2: Preparation of sandy soil conditioner:

[0053] Raw material composition: 0.1kg sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 11.3kg biochar, 2.25kg humic acid and 0.05kg microbial agent;

[0054] Biochar is prepared by the following methods:

[0055] Peanut straw was cut into 4 cm pieces, carbonized in a muffle furnace at 400 °C for 1 h, cooled, air-dried, and sieved to obtain biochar;

[0056] The microbial agent is prepared by the following method:

[0057] Bacillus subtilis powder and Penicillium bilaiae powder were mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 2:1 to obtain a microbial agent. The number of viable bacteria in the microbial agent was determined, and the number of viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis was 5×10 9 cfu / g, the concentration of Penicillium bilaireae was 6×10 8 cell / g;

[0058] Preparation method: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, biochar, humic acid and microbial agent are uniformly mixed according to parts by mass to obtain a sandy soil conditioner.

[0059] Example 3: Preparation of sandy soil conditioner:

[0060] Raw material composition: 0.5kg sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 12.6kg biochar, 3kg humic acid and 0.15kg microbial agent;

[0061] Biochar is prepared by the following methods:

[0062] Cut soybean straw or peanut straw into 3-5 cm pieces, place them in a muffle furnace at 400℃ for 1 hour, cool them, air-dry them, and sieve them to obtain biochar;

[0063] The microbial agent is prepared by the following method:

[0064] Bacillus subtilis powder and Penicillium bilaiae powder were mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 2:1 to obtain a microbial agent. The number of viable bacteria in the microbial agent was determined, and the number of viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis was 5×10 9 cfu / g, the concentration of Penicillium bilaireae was 6×10 8 cell / g;

[0065] Preparation method: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, biochar, humic acid and microbial agent are uniformly mixed according to parts by mass to obtain a sandy soil conditioner.

[0066] Comparative Example 1:

[0067] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is:

[0068] Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose was used as a sandy soil conditioner.

[0069] Comparative Example 2:

[0070] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is:

[0071] The biochar prepared in Example 1 was used as a sandy soil conditioner.

[0072] Comparative Example 3:

[0073] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is:

[0074] Use single humic acid as sandy soil conditioner.

[0075] Comparative Example 4:

[0076] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is:

[0077] The microbial agent prepared in Example 1 was used as a sandy soil conditioner.

[0078] Test Example 1: Sandy soil improvement test:

[0079] The experimental site was set in Dongping County, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, with coordinates at 35°56'05"N, 116°18'50"E. This region has a temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate with distinct four seasons: dry and windy spring, hot and rainy summer, clear and crisp autumn, and cold and snowless winter. The average annual temperature is approximately 13.4°C. January is the coldest month, with extreme lows dropping below -15°C and an average temperature of around -0.4°C. July is the warmest month, with extreme highs exceeding 40°C and an average temperature of approximately 26.7°C. Average annual precipitation is approximately 650 mm, with precipitation concentrated in the summer, particularly in July and August. Average wind speeds vary depending on the location, but are generally moderate, around 3.4 m / s. High winds are relatively rare, with an average of approximately 22 days experiencing winds of force 6 or higher. Relative humidity can be high, especially after summer rains or on autumn mornings. The average annual sunshine hours are approximately 2,300-2,500 hours, with spring and summer having the most sunshine, with an average of approximately 2,427.7 hours. Autumn is the second most abundant sunshine hour, while winter has relatively less sunshine, with approximately 169.1 hours.

[0080] This area is located in Dongping County, Tai'an City, in southwestern Shandong Province, at the junction of the Southwest Shandong Plain and the Central Shandong Mountain Area. The terrain slopes gently from east to west, rising in the north and lowering in the south. The average elevation is approximately 35 meters. The soil is primarily sandy, with an average salt content of 1.41‰, an organic matter content of 9.71g / kg, a total nitrogen content of 257.13mg / kg, and a pH of 7.28. The soybean variety used is Qihuang 34, and the peanut variety is Yuhua 32.

[0081] The experiment was divided into five treatments:

[0082] Treatment 1 (CBHM): Broadcast the sandy soil conditioner prepared in Example 1 at 318 kg / mu, and broadcast a base fertilizer, which was deeply plowed with a three-furrow plow to a depth of 20 cm. The base fertilizer consisted of 7.80 kg / mu of urea (N≧46%), 21.74 kg / mu of diammonium phosphate (P≧46%, N≧18%), and 9.61 kg / mu of potassium sulfate (K≧52%).

[0083] Peanut sowing: The peanut variety is Yuhua 32, the spacing is 25 cm, the sowing amount is 8,000 holes / mu (usually 1-2 seeds are sown in each hole), and the planting density is 14,000 plants / mu. Weeding should be carried out in time after the peanuts emerge. During the needle-setting and pod-setting stages of the peanuts, 16.30 kg / mu of urea (N≧46%) should be applied; and boron fertilizer and other trace element fertilizers should be supplemented in appropriate amounts; and unified harvesting should be carried out after maturity.

[0084] Treatment 2 (CMC): The sandy soil conditioner prepared in Example 1, applied at a rate of 318 kg / mu, was replaced by the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose prepared in Comparative Example 1, applied at a rate of 5.39 kg / mu. The remaining treatments were the same as those in Treatment 1.

[0085] Treatment 3 (BC): The sandy soil conditioner prepared in Example 1, applied at a rate of 318 kg / mu, was replaced by the biochar prepared in Comparative Example 2, applied at a rate of 269.49 kg / mu. The remaining treatments were the same as those in Treatment 1.

[0086] Treatment 4 (HA): The sandy soil conditioner prepared in Example 1, applied at 318 kg / mu, was replaced by humic acid prepared in Comparative Example 3, applied at 40.42 kg / mu. The remaining treatments were the same as those in Treatment 1.

[0087] Treatment 5 (MB): The sandy soil conditioner prepared in Example 1, applied at a rate of 318 kg / mu, was replaced by the microbial agent prepared in Comparative Example 4, applied at a rate of 2.69 kg / mu. The remaining treatments were the same as those in Treatment 1.

[0088] Treatment 6 (CK): No sandy soil conditioner was applied, and the rest of the treatments were the same as those in Treatment 1.

[0089] There are 18 plots in total, each with an area of ​​42m 2 , each treatment was repeated 3 times.

[0090] 1. Measurement items:

[0091] 1. Soil chemical properties and determination methods

[0092] Soil chemical properties and determination methods After the crops were harvested, diagonal sampling was adopted in each plot to take soil samples from the 0-20 cm soil layer. After natural air drying, the samples were sieved (<1 mm) for the determination of soil chemical properties.

[0093] Potassium dichromate volumetric method-dilution heat method was used to determine soil organic matter;

[0094] Alkaline diffusion method was used to determine soil alkaline nitrogen;

[0095] 0.5 mol / L NaHCO3 extraction, molybdenum antimony absorption spectrophotometry to determine soil available phosphorus;

[0096] 1 mol / L NHOAC extraction, flame photometry method to determine soil available potassium;

[0097] Soil samples were collected from the soil on the day of peanut harvest.

[0098] 2. Determination of soil aggregate content:

[0099] Weigh 100.00 g of undisturbed soil, soak it with distilled water, and pass it through three nylon sieves (8 mesh, 60 mesh, and 270 mesh) in sequence. Sieve it vertically up and down in the water for 15 minutes. Combine aggregates larger than 0.25 mm. Oven dry at 60°C to a constant weight, and record the weight. Soil samples were collected on the day of peanut harvest.

[0100] 3. Photosynthetic indicators:

[0101] During the first year of peanut growth, the pod-setting stage (80 days after seedling emergence), we conducted a photosynthesis parameter measurement experiment to evaluate the photosynthetic efficiency of peanut plants and their response to environmental conditions. The experiment used the Photosynthetic Meter 6800 (a high-precision portable photosynthetic measurement device) as the core tool. First, it was calibrated and the leaf chamber size was set to 1.75 cm. 2 (0.7 cm × 2.5 cm), the internal light source has a light intensity of 600 μmol photons m -2 s -1 , temperature 25 °C, relative humidity 60%, CO2 concentration 400 μmol mol -1 , to ensure that the instrument is in the best working condition.

[0102] Subsequently, three peanut plants with good growth conditions and representativeness were selected from each treatment area as the test objects. On each peanut plant, the third fully expanded leaf counted from the top was selected as the functional leaf for measurement. It was necessary to ensure that the leaf was healthy and fully expanded. During the measurement process, the leaves were tightly placed in the leaf chamber of the photosynthetic meter 6800, and key parameters such as net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and stomatal conductance (Gs) were recorded. Each treatment was measured three times to improve the reliability and representativeness of the data.

[0103] 2. Test results:

[0104] Table 1 Test results of soil chemical properties under different treatments

[0105]

[0106] As shown in Table 1, the sandy soil conditioner of the present invention (CBHM treatment group) significantly increased the soil organic matter, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium contents, with the increase rates being 16.44%, 11.65%, 21.11% and 10.04%, respectively.

[0107] Table 2 Test results of soil aggregate content and peanut yield under different treatments

[0108]

[0109] As shown in Table 2, the soil aggregate content in the 0-20 cm soil layer treated with the sandy soil conditioner of the present invention increased by 29.18% compared with the control group, and the peanut yield increased by 34.80%.

[0110] In summary, the sandy soil conditioner of the present invention has significant treatment benefits, increasing yield by 34.80%, significantly increasing soil organic matter content and improving soil aggregate structure, not only promoting the accumulation of organic carbon in soil macroaggregates and microaggregates, but also enhancing the carbon sequestration capacity of the soil, which is of great significance for improving soil fertility and carbon storage potential.

[0111] Figure 1-Figure 4 The test results of peanut photosynthetic index are given by Figure 1 It was found that the treatment with the sandy soil conditioner of the present invention significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate of peanut leaves during the pod-setting period, which was 63.01% higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The CMC treatment, BC treatment and MB treatment increased the net photosynthetic rate by 20.10%, 44.37% and 43.51% respectively compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Figure 2 It was found that the sandy soil conditioner treatment of the present invention significantly increased the transpiration rate of peanut leaves during the pod-setting period, which was 75.23% higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The transpiration rates of the BC treatment and the MB treatment were respectively increased by 46.79% and 44.38% higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Figure 3 It was found that the sandy soil conditioner treatment of the present invention significantly reduced the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration in peanut leaves during the pod-setting period, which was 26.12% lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The BC treatment and MB treatments reduced the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration by 20.82% and 20.84% ​​respectively (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. Figure 4 It can be seen that the sandy soil conditioner treatment of the present invention significantly increased the stomatal conductance of peanut leaves during the pod-setting period, which was 22.62% higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, the stomatal conductance of the MB treatment was increased by 19.85% higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05).

[0112] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and variations are possible for those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A sandy soil conditioner, characterized in that Including the following raw materials by weight: 1-5 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 100-126 parts of biochar, 15-30 parts of humic acid, and 0.5-1.5 parts of microbial agent; The biochar is prepared by the following method: Peanut straw was cut into 4 cm pieces, carbonized in a muffle furnace at 400 °C for 1 h, cooled, air-dried, and sieved to obtain biochar; The microbial agent is prepared by the following method: Bacillus subtilis powder and Penicillium bilaiae powder were mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 2:1 to obtain a microbial agent. The number of viable bacteria in the microbial agent was determined, and the number of viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis was 5×10 9 cfu / g, the concentration of Penicillium bilaireae was 6×10 8 cell / g.

2. Use of the sandy soil conditioner according to claim 1 in at least one of the following (1)-(2): (1) Increase the aggregate content of sandy soil; (2) Improve peanut yield in sandy soil.

3. A method for improving sandy soil, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The sandy soil conditioner according to claim 1 is spread on the sandy soil to be improved and compacted; the application amount of the sandy soil conditioner is: 250-420 kg / mu.

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