Frozen soil roadbed cooling system and method utilizing pipe culvert flowing water potential energy

Abstract

The invention discloses a frozen soil roadbed cooling system and method utilizing pipe culvert flowing water potential energy. Comprising a prefabricated pipe culvert structure, a hydraulically-driven power generation device, an industrial personal computer, a storage battery, an information acquisition and storage device, a wireless signal transmitter, an electrically-driven cooling device and a sensor unit. The method has the advantage of being universal in all seasons. The intelligent degree is high, the industrial personal computer controls the working efficiency of the electric drive cooling device according to the roadbed temperature and humidity conditions fed back by the sensor, and the roadbed temperature and humidity conditions are always controlled within the range of guaranteeing roadbed stability and road traffic safety. The model selection of the industrial personal computer and the storage battery is suitable for low-temperature work in a cold region, the embedded sensor is embedded in two parts, and other accessories are convenient to replace, so that the service life of the frozen soil roadbed cooling system can be prolonged. And due to the copiability of monitoring data, a research and development unit can continuously carry out iterative updating on the frozen soil roadbed cooling system and method utilizing the pipe culvert flowing water potential energy, and better performance is exerted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of road engineering, and in particular relates to a frozen soil roadbed cooling system and method utilizing the potential energy of culvert water flow. Background Art

[0002] my country has a vast territory and many regional types, including a large number of frozen soil areas. In order to achieve balanced development in various regions, it is necessary to build roads in frozen soil areas. In order to meet the slope requirements of road construction and the safety of plateau car climbing, the road leading to the entrance of the tunnel at the foot of the iceberg usually spirals up the mountain. The route of the road built in this way will definitely intersect with the route of the snow water melted from the iceberg going down the mountain. In winter, the melting rate of glaciers is slow, and the collected water flow is small. However, in summer, the collected glacial meltwater is more, and if it is not treated, it will affect the safety of the roadbed structure. Road design units usually design culverts according to the maximum meltwater flow in summer to allow glacial meltwater to pass through the roadbed. The location of the culvert is generally the lowest point of the roadbed. During construction, a ditch will be built to collect the meltwater on one side of the roadbed and flow out through the culvert to prevent the roadbed structure from being eroded. In summer, the roadbed temperature rises, the roadbed soil melts, and the roadbed section where the culvert is located is thin, which will affect the safety of the road structure. In addition, the lines built in the plateau area are rarely powered after they are put into operation, and the monitoring and operation and maintenance of the road are also a problem.

[0003] Therefore, if a frozen soil roadbed cooling system and method using the potential energy of water flowing through the culvert can be provided, it will ensure that the roadbed structure where the culvert is located has a high structural integrity and stability, and ensure the safety of road traffic. At the same time, the electricity generated by the potential energy of water flowing through the culvert can also be used to provide electricity for road structure monitoring and operation and maintenance. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a frozen soil roadbed cooling system and method using the potential energy of culvert water.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A frozen soil roadbed cooling system utilizing the potential energy of pipe culvert water flow, characterized in that: the frozen soil roadbed cooling system is arranged inside the roadbed structure, and includes a prefabricated pipe culvert structure, a hydraulically driven power generation device, an industrial computer, a battery, an information collection and storage device, a wireless signal transmitter, an electrically driven cooling device and a sensor unit; the industrial computer, the battery, the information collection and storage device and the wireless signal transmitter constitute an integrated component, and each component in the integrated component is electrically connected, and the integrated component is located at the top inside the prefabricated pipe culvert structure; the battery is used to power each electrical component in the device; a hydraulically driven power generation device is also arranged inside the prefabricated pipe culvert structure; the outside of the prefabricated pipe culvert structure is connected to an electrically driven cooling device and a sensor unit; the industrial computer is connected to the sensor unit.

[0007] Furthermore, the water-driven power generation device comprises a water turbine, a pressure pipe, a turntable, a generator and a belt; the turntable and the generator are driven by a belt; the turntable is connected to the water turbine through the pressure pipe; and the generator is connected to the battery. Except for the water turbine of the water-driven power generation device arranged at the bottom of the prefabricated pipe culvert structure, other devices are placed at the top of the prefabricated pipe culvert structure.

[0008] Furthermore, the electrically driven cooling device comprises a condenser, a compressor, a controller, a protective housing, an evaporator, a copper tube, a refrigerant and a temperature sensor; the condenser is connected to the compressor; the condenser, the compressor and the controller are all arranged inside the protective housing; a copper tube is connected below the compressor, the interior of the copper tube is filled with refrigerant, and an evaporator and a temperature sensor are arranged outside the copper tube; the temperature sensor feeds back the evaporator temperature to the controller; the controller controls the condenser, the compressor and the evaporator, and adjusts the working power of the condenser, the compressor and the evaporator; the evaporator is connected to the temperature sensor;

[0009] Among them, solar panels are laid on the four sides of the protective shell to compensate for the power supply pressure of the hydropower-driven power generation device when the power demand is high in summer; power access holes are left at the position of the protective shell to facilitate scientific research and road surface operation and maintenance personnel to obtain electricity; the industrial computer uses the data feedback collected by the sensor unit to control the electric-driven cooling device to adjust the roadbed temperature, and the feedback and adjustment response speed is extremely high.

[0010] Furthermore, the sensor unit includes a deformation grating sensor, an acceleration sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, an earth pressure sensor, and a small ground weather station. The number and position of the sensors in the sensor unit can be optimized after sensitivity analysis based on the hydrogeological data of the project site and the numerical simulation results of the roadbed structure parameters. Since the sensor unit is buried in the roadbed, it is not easy to replace when damaged. Therefore, calibration and performance testing are carried out before burying, and spare sensors are buried. Other components can be easily replaced when damaged. A small weather station is installed at the ground part of the electric-driven cooling device to monitor temperature, wind speed and other information. The weather station is powered by the system's battery and solar energy, and is equipped with a hard shell to resist the invasion of harsh environments such as low temperature, strong wind, rain and snow, and at the same time provide data support for roadbed on-site monitoring / numerical simulation.

[0011] Furthermore, the wireless signal transmitter has two modes: intermittent sleep mode and long wake-up mode. This is because the wireless signal transmitter chip has an ultra-low power broadband RF receiver. During the period when the main communication RF transceiver is powered off to save power, the receiver can monitor the wake-up signal and provide a standby mode. After receiving the correct RF wake-up signal, it responds quickly with extremely low power consumption. The wake-up signal generated by devices such as fixed-position beacon tags can display the sleep and wake-up information of the device, making it convenient for engineering personnel to wake up the system at any time for data transmission. In addition, the wireless signal transmitter and the information receiving terminal receiver have independent identification code systems, and data can be directly transmitted after connection, and there is a signal indicator light for information transmission. In this way, the operation and maintenance personnel of the road can copy data without the need for the data-requiring unit to run around to copy data. They only need to mail the information receiving terminal.

[0012] Furthermore, the industrial computer adopts a single-chip microcomputer of model STM32 WL. The single-chip microcomputer adopts a dual-core architecture and supports a chip with a wake-up frequency band modulation mode. It has ultra-high sensitivity of RF receiving and sending signals, long-distance signal transmission and ultra-low power consumption performance. It also has good working performance in extreme environments and is suitable for the cold region road engineering mentioned in the present invention. It is also feasible to use AI chips to deploy the components of the system in the future. The industrial computer constructs an artificial neural network model, and based on the historical monitoring data of the roadbed in the information collection and storage device, it conducts model training, identifies subtle but critical structural performance change trends in the roadbed structure, and warns of structural damage in the roadbed, and generates a roadbed structure status report containing roadbed structure stability and structural damage warning. Finally, the staff, together with the roadbed structure status report and the compressed package of historical monitoring data, are copied back through a terminal matched with the wireless signal transmitter for in-depth data mining and analysis, providing a basis for studying cold region road engineering.

[0013] Furthermore, the information collection and storage device, under the coordination of the industrial computer, has a data compression storage function and can also adjust the sampling frequency of sensor information. The staff can calculate the time interval for data copying based on these two functions to ensure that the data is not overwritten or lost.

[0014] Furthermore, the water-driven power generation device, the electric-driven cooling device, the sensor unit and the integrated assembly are connected via a JHS waterproof cable behind the culvert, and the cable has good waterproof performance.

[0015] Furthermore, the prefabricated culvert structure reserves installation holes for the hydraulically driven power generation device and cable penetration holes when it is prefabricated in the factory, and seals the holes after the hydraulically driven power generation device is installed and the cables are passed through by using an underwater non-dispersible polymer with waterproof and sealing properties.

[0016] Furthermore, the storage battery adopts a nickel-metal hydride battery. This is a relatively new type of storage battery with the advantages of high energy density, long life and environmental protection. Its performance in low temperature environment is also relatively good, and the operating temperature range is generally between -20℃ and 50℃, and it can maintain a high discharge capacity and working voltage in a cold environment. Combined with the ultra-low power consumption performance of the solar panels and industrial computers on the ground part of the electric drive cooling device, the normal power supply of the system can be achieved when there is no water flow drive in winter. Most importantly, the battery has a charging protection function. After it is fully charged, it will no longer be charged. The kinetic energy of the flowing water and the electrical energy converted from solar energy are directly supplied to each electrical component through the regulation of the industrial computer.

[0017] Furthermore, the water-driven power generation device includes a turbine, a pressure pipe, a turntable, a generator and a belt. Among them, except for the turbine of the water-driven power generation device arranged at the bottom of the prefabricated culvert structure, other devices are placed away from the water level line area (the top of the culvert) to extend the working life. In addition, the blade area, deflection angle and number of the turbine, as well as the installation position need to be numerically simulated and optimized according to the hydrological information of the culvert to achieve maximum working efficiency.

[0018] Furthermore, the electric-driven cooling device is composed of two parts, one above ground and one underground, including a condenser, a compressor, a controller, a protective shell, an evaporator, a copper tube, a refrigerant and a temperature sensor. The condenser and compressor of the electric-driven cooling device are connected to the evaporator through a copper tube. The shape of the copper tube is variable, and the arrangement density can be controlled in the roadbed according to calculation needs. The multiple underground evaporators can share a condenser and compressor of the above-ground part. The copper tube has a relay device to ensure that the gaseous refrigerant has sufficient rising energy. Among them, solar panels are laid on the surface of the protective shell to compensate for the power supply pressure of the hydro-driven power generation device when the power demand is large in summer. A power access hole is reserved at the position of the protective shell to facilitate scientific research and road surface operation and maintenance personnel to obtain electricity. The industrial computer adjusts the roadbed temperature by feedback of data collected by the sensor, and the feedback and adjustment response speed is extremely high.

[0019] Furthermore, a polymer board (PU board) with thermal insulation effect is laid in the roadbed structure. The PU layer burial depth is comprehensively considered so that the driving stress has little effect on the PU layer (or even no effect) and its thermal insulation effect meets the design requirements, and the PU layer is arranged as close to the top surface of the roadbed as possible to reduce construction costs.

[0020] According to the characteristics of vehicle load, the principle of stress diffusion under the road surface, and the allowable bearing capacity of the PU layer ( Figure 8 ), the following formula can be derived to calculate the reasonable burial depth of the PU layer.

[0021]

[0022] Where: p——tire pressure (MPa);

[0023] d——equivalent circular diameter of single wheel pressure transmission surface (m);

[0024] r——weighted average of the bulk density of each structural layer above the insulation layer (MN / m 3 );

[0025] Φ——weighted average value of stress diffusion angle above the insulation layer and the structural layer (°);

[0026] h——reasonable burial depth of thermal insulation layer (m);

[0027] б——Allowable compressive stress of insulation layer (MPa).

[0028] Different thermal insulation materials have different (б) allowable compressive stresses. Different fillers on the thermal insulation layer calculate different weighted average values ​​of stress diffusion angle (Φ) and structural layer bulk density (r). Different parameters can be used to calculate the corresponding reasonable burial depth.

[0029] Furthermore, the thickness of the polymer board (PU board) with thermal insulation effect laid in the roadbed structure is the main factor affecting the thermal insulation effect. From the perspective of reducing heat transfer, the thicker the PU layer, the better. However, the thermal insulation effect is not proportional to the thickness of the PU layer. As the thickness of the PU layer increases, the degree of increase in the thermal insulation effect gradually decreases, and it is economically unreasonable to have a PU layer that is too thick. Through numerical simulation, the temperature difference caused by PU layers of different thicknesses is obtained.

[0030] Furthermore, a polymer board (PU board) with thermal insulation effect is laid in the roadbed structure. Laying a double layer of PU in the frozen soil roadbed will improve the thermal insulation effect and further enhance the stability of the roadbed structure under high temperatures in summer. The burial depth, thickness, number of laying layers and distance between double layers of the PU board are arranged by comprehensively considering the stability of the roadbed structure, the influence of the vehicle load diffusion effect and the economy. Before the arrangement, a sensitivity analysis is carried out through numerical simulation based on the characteristics of the on-site roadbed soil to find the most suitable construction plan.

[0031] A method for using a frozen soil roadbed cooling system using the potential energy of culvert water flow, comprising the following steps:

[0032] S1: bury the prefabricated pipe culvert structure and the electric-driven cooling device, and install the hydraulic-driven power generation device in the roadbed structure; the installation position of the turbine of the hydraulic-driven power generation device is installed in the prefabricated pipe culvert structure according to the position of the numerical simulation result, and other components are installed above the water level line; the double-layer PU board buried in the roadbed is installed and laid at depth, thickness and spacing according to the simulation results of the on-site hydrological data and the pavement structure parameters;

[0033] S2: In summer, melted glacier snow water gathers on one side of the roadbed and flows downstream through the culvert, driving the turbine in the hydraulic power generation device to rotate and generate pressure. The pressure is transferred to the turntable through the pressure pipe. The driving wheel of the turntable rotates and drives the driven wheel of the generator to rotate through the belt to generate electricity, and then generates electrical energy and stores it in the battery;

[0034] S3: The industrial computer calculates the temperature and humidity data that needs to be reduced on the road by analyzing the road temperature and humidity data, deformation data, soil pressure data, and vibration acceleration data when the vehicle passes by measured by the sensor unit;

[0035] Taking the roadbed soil as the research object, it is known that the soil will be in an unconstrained (or weakly constrained) state after loosening, and its dynamic response to external vibration can be expressed as Fig. 9The calculation model shown in the figure is used for analysis. Assume that the surface soil is divided into n layers of spring units with mass and damping in the depth direction, and each unit is connected in parallel with the units of the adjacent upper and lower layers, and the dynamic action is transmitted and attenuated layer by layer. It is easy to know that when the vibration comes from the surface, the top unit is most affected by the vibration, and the response becomes smaller as the depth increases; when the vibration source comes from the bottom, depending on the energy size, it will induce the associated vibration of the upper part of the model.

[0036] Assume that the spring unit of the bottom nth layer of soil is subjected to an external force F n (t) is excited, and the force transmitted to the jth layer is F j (t)(1≤i≤j≤n). Considering the damping effect, F j (t) will gradually decrease until it reaches zero as j decreases, and the vibration equation of the spring unit can be established, as shown in formula (2):

[0037]

[0038] Where: m j ,k j and c j are the mass coefficient, stiffness coefficient and damping coefficient of soil spring unit j, 1≤i≤j≤n; x j is the horizontal displacement value of spring unit j. Take the j-th layer spring unit for vibration analysis, and the vibration equation is shown in formula (3):

[0039]

[0040] Using Duhamel's integration principle, assuming that F j (t) Comply with F j (t) = a j t+b j The attenuation law is as follows:

[0041]

[0042] Where: j 2 =k j / m j ,ξ j =c j / 2m j ω j ,

[0043]

[0044] Substituting the known conditions of the spring unit into the theoretical solution (4) of equation (3), we can calculate using MATLAB: Assuming that the damping c of the spring unit during the melting process is jThe change is not significant. When the spring unit stiffness k j becomes larger, its dynamic deformation x j The smaller the smaller the looseness of the roadbed soil, the lower the looseness of the roadbed soil. Therefore, by monitoring the dynamic deformation of the soil at the top edge of the roadbed slope under the dynamic load of the vehicle, k is calculated. j , the looseness of the roadbed soil can be evaluated and the stability of the roadbed can be predicted. For the roadbed in cold regions with freeze-thaw damage, the looseness of the soil decreases during the winter freezing period and increases during the spring thaw period, making k j Significant cyclical changes are occurring.

[0045] During the heating process, the center of the frozen soil of the road foundation changes from a completely frozen state to a completely melted state. In the completely frozen state, the k of each layer of spring unit is j The same, so the response frequency of the frozen soil center is consistent with the bottom input frequency. When the soil sample is in a partially thawed state, the elastic deformation capacity of the soil gradually recovers, and the spring units at the bottom of the soil center produce parallel vibrations. Assuming that the overall stiffness is K at this time, then 1 / K = 1 / k n +1 / k n-1 +…+1 / k i-1 +1 / k i . When i is smaller, that is, the calculation position is farther away from the vehicle load position, K is smaller. Therefore, when the frozen soil begins to melt, the vibration frequency at the center position increases, reflecting the dynamic amplification effect of the vibration response. When the soil is completely melted, the dynamic response frequency of the soil reaches an extreme value and remains basically stable. This frequency extreme value reflects the looseness of the soil after the freeze-thaw effect. It can be seen from the indoor test results that under the same initial roadbed compaction, the higher the water content, the stronger the destructive effect of frost heave on the integrity of the soil, and the greater the looseness of the soil, the greater the vibration response frequency of the soil after complete melting, which is more likely to cause the stability of the soil at the edge of the roadbed slope to decrease, and induce local instability and failure under external load disturbance.

[0046] Therefore, we can bury acceleration sensors in the shallow layer at the top edge of the roadbed to collect the soil vibration response caused by the passing of vehicles, and evaluate the looseness of the soil and monitor its stability according to the change of the response frequency. Then, we can feed back to the industrial computer the temperature that needs to be reduced.

[0047] S4: The industrial computer controls the operation of the electric-driven cooling device. The cooling process of the electric-driven cooling device is as follows: first, the liquid refrigerant enters the evaporator and absorbs the heat of the surrounding frozen soil layer to become a low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant, thereby generating a cooling effect; the gaseous refrigerant is sucked and compressed into a high-temperature, high-pressure gas by the compressor, and the condensation temperature increases; then the high-temperature, high-pressure gas enters the condenser, releases the heat to the environment with the assistance of the cooling fan, and enters the evaporator after liquefaction to be re-gasified for refrigeration;

[0048] S5: The temperature sensor in the frozen soil foundation feeds back the temperature to the controller in real time, and dynamically adjusts the operating state of the compressor according to the preset temperature value; the temperature and humidity conditions of the road are always maintained in a stable state under the dynamic adjustment of the industrial computer by the electric drive cooling device and the sensor unit, and the settlement and deformation of the road are reduced, and the resulting diseases will also be reduced;

[0049] S6: The hydrogeological and dynamic response data of the roadbed structure monitored by the sensor unit will be stored in the signal storage device; the wireless signal transmitter and the information receiving terminal receiver have independent identification code systems, and data transmission is directly carried out after connection, and the information transmission has a signal indicator light;

[0050] S7: The industrial computer constructs an artificial neural network model and conducts model training based on the historical monitoring data of the roadbed in the information collection and storage device, identifies the subtle but critical structural performance change trend in the roadbed structure, warns of structural damage in the roadbed, and generates a roadbed structure status report containing roadbed structure stability and structural damage warnings; finally, the staff copies the roadbed structure status report and historical monitoring data compression package back through the terminal matched with the wireless signal transmitter for in-depth data mining and analysis, providing a basis for the study of cold region road projects;

[0051] S8: The electricity converted from the kinetic energy of flowing water stored in the battery and the electricity converted from solar energy are also output at the ground part of the electric-driven cooling device to provide electricity for the electrical devices used for scientific research and road surface operation and maintenance in the area.

[0052] Compared with the prior art, the frozen soil roadbed cooling system using the potential energy of culvert water provided by the present invention has the following advantages:

[0053] 1) It is applicable in all seasons. In summer, the roadbed temperature is high, and there is more glacier melt water, which can generate more electricity. In winter, there is less glacier melt water, and the roadbed temperature needs to be lowered less. In addition, the electricity stored in winter can also be used in summer. When there is no water or electricity in winter, solar energy can also provide power.

[0054] 2) High degree of intelligence. The industrial computer can control the working efficiency of the electric-driven cooling device according to the temperature and humidity conditions of the roadbed fed back by the sensor, so that the temperature and humidity conditions of the roadbed are always controlled within a range that ensures the stability of the roadbed and the safety of road traffic.

[0055] 3) Storing electric energy: The power supply in the area where the line is located may be insufficient. Hydropower generation and solar power generation can be used to meet the electricity needs of road monitoring and operation and maintenance in the area.

[0056] 4) The selection of industrial computers and batteries is suitable for low-temperature work in cold areas. The embedded sensors are doubly embedded, and other accessories are easy to replace, which can extend the service life of the frozen soil roadbed cooling system.

[0057] 5) The monitoring data and the roadbed structure condition report based on the monitoring data enable the scientific research unit to continuously iterate and update the frozen soil roadbed cooling system and method using the potential energy of culvert water flow, so as to give full play to its excellent performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0058] Figure 1 This is a front view of the frozen soil roadbed cooling system provided by the present invention that utilizes the potential energy of culvert water flow.

[0059] Figure 2 This is a front view of the water-powered power generation device provided by the present invention.

[0060] Figure 3 This is a front view of the electrically driven cooling device provided by the present invention.

[0061] Figure 4 This is a prefabricated pipe culvert structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] Figure 5 This is the artificial neural network model structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0063] Figure 6 This is the source code of the artificial neural network model of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0064] Figure 7 A flow chart of a method for cooling frozen soil roadbed using the potential energy of culvert water provided by the present invention.

[0065] Figure 8 FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of vehicle load diffusion according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0066] Fig. 9 It is a calculation model for horizontal vibration of unconstrained roadbed soil. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0067] The frozen soil roadbed cooling system using the potential energy of culvert water provided by the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It is particularly noted that the specific implementation examples described herein are only used to explain the relevant inventions, and are not intended to limit the invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts related to the present invention are shown in the figures.

[0068] Example 1

[0069] like Figure 1As shown, the frozen soil roadbed cooling system using the potential energy of culvert water provided by the present invention includes a prefabricated culvert structure 1, a hydraulically driven power generation device 2, an industrial computer 3, a battery 4, an information collection and storage device 5, a wireless signal transmitter 6, an electric-driven cooling device 7, a sensor unit 8 and a roadbed structure 9; the sensor unit 8 includes a deformable grating sensor, an acceleration sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, an earth pressure sensor and a small ground meteorological station, and other types of sensors can be added according to the needs of the project site; the industrial computer 3, the battery 4, the information collection and storage device 5 and the wireless signal transmitter 6 constitute an integrated component, which are electrically connected; the battery 4 is used to power various electrical components in the device, and the industrial computer 3 is connected to the sensor unit 8.

[0070] The hydraulically driven power generation device 2 comprises a turbine 21, a pressure pipe 22, a turntable 23, a generator 24 and a belt 25; the turntable 23 and the generator 24 are driven by the belt 25; the turntable 23 is connected to the turbine 21 through the pressure pipe 22; except for the turbine 21 of the hydraulically driven power generation device 2 arranged at the bottom of the prefabricated pipe culvert structure 1, other devices are placed at the top of the prefabricated pipe culvert structure 1.

[0071] The electric-driven cooling device 7 is composed of two parts, above ground and underground, wherein the above ground part is a condenser 71, a compressor 72, a controller 73 and a protective shell 74, and the underground part is an evaporator 75, a copper tube 76, a refrigerant 77 and a temperature sensor 78. The electric-driven cooling device 7 comprises a condenser 71, a compressor 72, a controller 73, a protective shell 74, an evaporator 75, a copper tube 76, a refrigerant 77 and a temperature sensor 78; the condenser 71 is connected to the compressor 72; the condenser 71, the compressor 72 and the controller 73 are all arranged inside the protective shell 74; a copper tube 76 is connected below the compressor 72, the interior of the copper tube 76 is filled with a refrigerant 77, and the evaporator 75 and a temperature sensor 78 are arranged outside the copper tube 76; the temperature sensor 78 feeds back the temperature of the evaporator 75 to the controller 73; The controller 73 controls the condenser 71, the compressor 72 and the evaporator 75, and adjusts the working power of the condenser 71, the compressor 72 and the evaporator 75; the evaporator 75 is connected to the temperature sensor 78; wherein, the protective shell 74 is paved with solar panels on all sides to compensate for the power supply pressure of the hydro-driven power generation device when the power demand is high in summer; a power access hole is left at the position of the protective shell to facilitate scientific research and road surface operation and maintenance personnel to obtain electricity and use electricity; the industrial computer uses the data feedback collected by the sensor unit 8 to control the electric-driven cooling device to adjust the roadbed temperature, and the feedback and adjustment response speed is extremely high.

[0072] In this embodiment, the sensor unit 8 includes a deformation grating sensor, an acceleration sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, an earth pressure sensor, and a small ground meteorological station.

[0073] In this embodiment, the wireless signal transmitter 6 has two modes: an intermittent sleep mode and a long-awake mode to save power.

[0074] In this embodiment, the industrial computer 3 adopts a single chip microcomputer of the model STM32 WL.

[0075] In this embodiment, the hydraulically driven power generation device 2, the electrically driven cooling device, the sensor unit 8 and the integrated assembly are connected via a JHS waterproof cable behind the culvert.

[0076] In this embodiment, the prefabricated culvert structure 1 is prefabricated in the factory with reserved installation holes for the hydraulically driven power generation device and cable penetration holes, and the holes are sealed after the hydraulically driven power generation device is installed and the cables are passed through by an underwater non-dispersible polymer with waterproof and sealing properties; the battery 4 uses a nickel-hydrogen battery.

[0077] Example 2

[0078] When the frozen soil roadbed cooling system using the potential energy of pipe culvert water flow provided by the present invention is needed, the method is as follows (the frozen soil roadbed cooling method using the potential energy of pipe culvert water flow is shown in the flow chart) Figure 7 ):

[0079] S1: The road construction unit buries the prefabricated pipe culvert structure 1 (such as Figure 4 The hydraulic driven power generation device 2 is installed in the prefabricated pipe culvert structure 1 according to the working condition shown in the figure) and the electric driven cooling device 7. The installation position of the water turbine of the hydraulic driven power generation device 2 is appropriately installed according to the numerical simulation results, and other components are installed above the water level, generally at the top of the prefabricated pipe culvert structure (1). The PU board buried in the roadbed is installed and laid with appropriate depth, thickness and spacing according to the simulation results of the on-site hydrological data and the pavement structure parameters.

[0080] Taking the calculation of PU material embedment depth as an example, take the standard axle load BZZ-100, Φ=36°, r=0.023MN / m 3, б=0.68MPa, considering that the driving action may have no adverse effect on the PU layer after completion and the safety factor (1.4); the PU layer thickness simulation considers the economic cost and the insulation effect on temperature; the depth of the lower layer of the PU layer double-layer board is obtained through a scaled test with a geometric similarity ratio of 1:10. Finally, according to the test and numerical simulation results, the PU board adopts a double-layer arrangement, the reasonable burial depth of the first layer is about 0.3~0.5m, the appropriate thickness is 0.03~0.05m, and the burial depth of the lower PU board of the double-layer PU board should be about 1.60~1.80m. The PU board is prefabricated in the factory with a unit size of 1m*1m. Factory prefabrication can ensure the production quality of the PU board. The use of PU boards is not limited to the culvert position, but can also be used in the roadbed at other locations of the road or arranged throughout the length.

[0081] The sensor unit is calibrated and bound before being buried, and then the working performance of the sensor is checked using the construction load during the burial process. The integrated assembly consisting of the industrial computer 3, the battery 4, the information acquisition and storage device 5 and the wireless signal transmitter 6 is subjected to a performance test before installation, and then installed after the test is correct. The materials and equipment required for the frozen soil roadbed cooling system using the potential energy of culvert water in the embodiment are shown in the table below.

[0082] Table 1 Materials and equipment required for frozen soil roadbed cooling system

[0083]

[0084]

[0085]

[0086] S2: In summer, melted glacier snow water gathers on one side of the roadbed and flows downstream through the culvert, driving the turbine 21 in the hydraulic power generation device 2 to rotate and generate pressure. The pressure is transferred to the turntable 23 through the pressure pipe 22. The driving wheel of the turntable 23 rotates and drives the driven wheel of the generator 24 to rotate through the belt 25 to generate electricity, and then generates electrical energy and stores it in the battery 4.

[0087] S3: The industrial computer 3 calculates the temperature and humidity data that need to be lowered on the road by analyzing the road temperature and humidity data, deformation data, soil pressure data and vibration acceleration data when the vehicle passes by measured by the sensor unit 8.

[0088] S4: The industrial computer 3 controls the power-driven cooling device 7 to work. The cooling process of the power-driven cooling device is as follows: first, the liquid refrigerant 77 enters the evaporator 75 and absorbs the heat of the surrounding frozen soil layer to become a low-temperature and low-pressure gaseous refrigerant 77, thereby generating a cooling effect; the gaseous refrigerant 77 is sucked and compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas by the compressor 72, and the condensation temperature increases; then the high-temperature and high-pressure gas enters the condenser 71, releases the heat to the environment with the assistance of the cooling fan, and enters the evaporator 75 after liquefaction to be re-gasified for refrigeration.

[0089] S5: The temperature sensor 78 in the frozen soil foundation feeds back the temperature to the controller 73 in real time, and dynamically adjusts the operating state of the compressor 72 according to the preset temperature value. Under the dynamic adjustment of the working condition machine 3, the temperature and humidity conditions of the road are always maintained in a stable state, the settlement and deformation of the road are reduced, and the diseases caused by it are also reduced.

[0090] S6: The hydrogeological and dynamic response data of the roadbed structure monitored by the sensor unit 8 will also be stored in the signal storage device 5. The staff will come to copy it regularly. The wireless signal transmitter 6 and the information receiving terminal receiver have independent identification code systems. After being connected, data can be directly transmitted, and there is a signal indicator light for information transmission. The operation is simple, so that the operation and maintenance personnel of the road can copy the data without the need for the data-requiring unit to run around to copy the data. They only need to mail the information receiving terminal. Because the wireless transmitter 6 is always working and consumes more power, it is set to sleep at intervals when not in use. Then the staff can connect it during the short wake-up time during its sleep interval and set it to long wake-up mode. After the data transmission is completed, it can be set to sleep again, and the use of an external structure can also avoid the copying of data by other personnel.

[0091] S7: The industrial computer 3 constructs an artificial neural network model (such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 ), based on the historical monitoring data of the roadbed in the information collection and storage device 5, the model training is carried out to identify the subtle but critical structural performance change trend in the roadbed structure, to warn of the structural damage in the roadbed, and to generate a roadbed structure condition report containing the stability of the roadbed structure and the structural damage warning. Finally, the staff, together with the roadbed structure condition report and the compressed package of the historical monitoring data, are copied back through the terminal matched with the wireless signal transmitter 6 for in-depth data mining and analysis, providing a basis for the study of cold region road engineering.

[0092] S8: The electric energy converted from the kinetic energy of flowing water stored in the storage battery 4 and the electric energy converted from solar energy are also provided with output sockets on the ground part of the electric-driven cooling device to provide electric energy for the electric devices used for scientific research and road maintenance in the area.

[0093] For those skilled in the art, according to the teachings of the present invention, without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, changes, modifications, substitutions and deformations made to the implementation methods are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A frozen soil roadbed cooling system using the potential energy of culvert water, characterized in that: The frozen soil roadbed cooling system is arranged inside the roadbed structure (9), and comprises a prefabricated pipe culvert structure (1), a hydraulically driven power generation device (2), an industrial computer (3), a battery (4), an information collection and storage device (5), a wireless signal transmitter (6), an electric-driven cooling device (7) and a sensor unit (8); the industrial computer (3), the battery (4), the information collection and storage device (5) and the wireless signal transmitter (6) constitute an integrated component, and each component in the integrated component is electrically connected, and the integrated component is located at the top inside the prefabricated pipe culvert structure (1); the battery (4) is used to supply power to each electrical component in the device; the prefabricated pipe culvert structure (1) is also provided with a hydraulically driven power generation device (2); the prefabricated pipe culvert structure (1) is externally connected with an electric-driven cooling device (7) and a sensor unit (8); the industrial computer (3) is connected to the sensor unit (8).

2. The frozen soil roadbed cooling system using the potential energy of culvert water according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water-driven power generation device (2) comprises a water turbine (21), a pressure pipe (22), a turntable (23), a generator (24) and a belt (25); the turntable (23) and the generator (24) are driven by the belt (25); the turntable (23) is connected to the water turbine (21) via the pressure pipe (22); the generator (24) is connected to the storage battery (4); Except for the turbine (21) of the hydraulically driven power generation device (2) which is arranged at the bottom of the prefabricated pipe culvert structure (1), other devices are placed at the top of the prefabricated pipe culvert structure (1).

3. The frozen soil roadbed cooling system using the potential energy of culvert water according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The electric-driven cooling device (7) comprises a condenser (71), a compressor (72), a controller (73), a protective shell (74), an evaporator (75), a copper tube (76), a refrigerant (77) and a temperature sensor (78); the condenser (71) is connected to the compressor (72); the condenser (71), the compressor (72) and the controller (73) are all arranged inside the protective shell (74); a copper tube (76) is connected below the compressor (72), the interior of the copper tube (76) is filled with a refrigerant (77), and an evaporator (75) and a temperature sensor (78) are arranged outside the copper tube (76); the temperature sensor (78) feeds back the temperature of the evaporator (75) to the controller (73); the controller (73) controls the condenser (71), the compressor (72) and the evaporator (75), and adjusts the working power of the condenser (71), the compressor (72) and the evaporator (75); the evaporator (75) is connected to the temperature sensor (78); The protective shell (74) is provided with solar panels on all sides to compensate for the power supply pressure of the water-powered power generation device when the power demand is high in summer; a power access hole is left at the position of the protective shell to facilitate the road surface inspection personnel to obtain power and use electricity; the industrial computer uses the data collected by the sensor unit (8) to feedback and control the electric-driven cooling device to adjust the roadbed temperature, and the feedback and adjustment response speed is extremely high.

4. The frozen soil roadbed cooling system using the potential energy of culvert water according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sensor unit (8) comprises a deformation grating sensor, an acceleration sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, an earth pressure sensor and a small ground meteorological station.

5. The frozen soil roadbed cooling system using the potential energy of culvert water according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The wireless signal transmitter (6) has two modes: an intermittent sleep mode and a long-awake mode.

6. The frozen soil roadbed cooling system using the potential energy of culvert water according to claim 1 is characterized by: The industrial control computer (3) adopts a single chip microcomputer of the model STM32 WL.

7. The frozen soil roadbed cooling system using the potential energy of culvert water according to claim 1 is characterized by: The water-driven power generation device (2), the electric-driven cooling device (7), the sensor unit (8) and the integrated assembly are connected via a JHS waterproof cable behind the culvert.

8. The frozen soil roadbed cooling system using the potential energy of culvert water according to claim 1 is characterized by: The prefabricated pipe culvert structure (1) is prefabricated in the factory with reserved installation holes for the hydraulically driven power generation device and holes for the cables to pass through, and the holes are sealed after the hydraulically driven power generation device (2) is installed and the cables are passed through by using an underwater non-dispersible polymer with waterproof sealing performance; the storage battery (4) is a nickel-hydrogen battery.

9. The frozen soil roadbed cooling system using the potential energy of culvert water according to claim 1 is characterized by: A high polymer PU layer having a heat preservation and heat insulation effect is laid in the roadbed structure (9); the reasonable burial depth of the high polymer PU layer is: Where: p——tire pressure (MPa); d——equivalent circular diameter of single wheel pressure transmission surface (m); r——weighted average of the bulk density of each structural layer above the insulation layer (MN / m 3 ); Φ——weighted average value of stress diffusion angle above the insulation layer and the structural layer (°); h——reasonable burial depth of thermal insulation layer (m); б——Allowable compressive stress of insulation layer (MPa).

10. The method for using the frozen soil roadbed cooling system using the potential energy of culvert water according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: embedding a prefabricated pipe culvert structure (1) and an electric-driven cooling device (7) in a roadbed structure (9), and installing a hydraulic-driven power generation device (2) in the prefabricated pipe culvert structure (1); wherein the installation position of the water turbine of the hydraulic-driven power generation device (2) is installed in the prefabricated pipe culvert structure (1) according to the position of the numerical simulation result, and other components are installed above the water level, generally at the top of the inside of the prefabricated pipe culvert structure (1); the double-layer PU board embedded in the roadbed is installed and laid at a depth, thickness and spacing according to the simulation results of the on-site hydrological data and the pavement structure parameters; S2: In summer, melted glacier snow water is collected on one side of the roadbed and flows downstream through the culvert, driving the turbine (21) in the hydraulic power generation device (2) to rotate and generate pressure. The pressure is transferred to the turntable (23) through the pressure pipe (22). The driving wheel of the turntable (23) rotates and drives the driven wheel of the generator (24) to rotate through the belt (25) to generate electricity, and then generates electrical energy, which is stored in the battery (4); S3: The industrial computer (3) calculates the temperature and humidity data of the road that needs to be lowered by analyzing the road temperature and humidity data, deformation data, soil pressure data and vibration acceleration data when the vehicle passes by measured by the sensor unit (8); S4: the industrial control computer (3) controls the electric-driven cooling device (7) to work; the cooling process of the electric-driven cooling device is as follows: first, the liquid refrigerant (77) enters the evaporator (75) and absorbs the heat of the surrounding frozen soil layer to become a low-temperature and low-pressure gaseous refrigerant (77), thereby generating a cooling effect; the gaseous refrigerant (77) is sucked and compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas by the compressor (72), and the condensation temperature increases; then the high-temperature and high-pressure gas enters the condenser (71), releases the heat to the environment with the assistance of the cooling fan, and enters the evaporator (75) after liquefaction to be re-gasified for cooling; S5: The temperature sensor (78) in the frozen ground near the evaporator (75) feeds back the temperature to the controller (73) in real time, and dynamically adjusts the operating state of the compressor (72) according to the preset temperature value; the temperature and humidity conditions of the road are always maintained in a stable state under the dynamic adjustment of the industrial control computer (3) by the electrically driven cooling device (7) and the sensor unit (8), and the settlement deformation of the road is reduced, so the diseases caused are also reduced; S6: The hydrogeological and dynamic response data of the roadbed structure monitored by the sensor unit (8) will be stored in the information collection and storage device (5); the wireless signal transmitter (6) and the information receiving terminal receiver have independent identification code systems, and data transmission is directly carried out after connection, and the information transmission has a signal indicator light; S7: The industrial computer (3) constructs an artificial neural network model and performs model training based on the historical monitoring data of the roadbed in the information collection and storage device (5), identifies the subtle but critical structural performance change trend in the roadbed structure, issues an early warning for structural damage in the roadbed, and generates a roadbed structure status report including roadbed structure stability and structural damage early warning; finally, the staff copies the roadbed structure status report and the compressed package of historical monitoring data back to the terminal matched with the wireless signal transmitter (6) for in-depth data mining and analysis, providing a basis for the study of cold region road engineering; S8: The electric energy converted from the kinetic energy of flowing water stored in the storage battery (4) and the electric energy converted from solar energy are also output to the ground portion of the electric-driven cooling device (7) to provide electric energy for the electrical devices used for scientific research and daily maintenance in the area.

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