A downhole multistage perforating tool device for ultra-deep wells

Abstract

This invention provides a multi-stage perforation tool device for ultra-deep wells, comprising a housing, a fixing system, a rotating system, and a perforation system. The fixing system is welded to the rotating system, and the rotating system is welded to the perforation system. The fixing system is I-shaped, divided into upper and lower groups, with four sets of support feet evenly installed circumferentially to fix the device inside the wellbore. The upper and lower structures are guided by a central guide pipe. The upper end cap includes three guide pipes, which are the start-up gas pipes for the fixing system, rotating system, and perforation system, respectively, used to control the operation of these systems. This invention allows for multi-stage perforation operations in a single operation and multiple perforations at the same location. The radial perforation direction can be adjusted. This invention uses compressed gas drive, eliminating the need for electrical detonation, ensuring excellent safety, and effectively improving the efficiency of downhole perforation operations while protecting people's lives and property.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of perforation device technology, and in particular relates to a multi-stage perforation tool device for ultra-deep wells. Background Technology

[0002] In oil and gas well perforation operations, perforation is a crucial step. The process involves lowering a perforator to a predetermined depth in the well, detonating explosives using specialized equipment, and using the energy of the detonation to propel the perforation projectile through the casing and cement layer, ultimately connecting the formation to the oil well. This allows oil and gas from the formation to flow smoothly into the well. Existing equipment is mostly single-layer perforation, which requires frequent lowering and raising of the equipment when multiple perforations are needed within a single layer. This is cumbersome and labor-intensive. Multi-layer perforation equipment often uses detonators, wires, or other methods, which are unsafe and can easily lead to loss of life and property. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a multi-stage perforation tool device for ultra-deep wells, which can effectively improve the efficiency of perforation operations, reduce equipment maintenance costs, and improve safety.

[0004] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: a multi-stage perforation tool device for ultra-deep wells, comprising a housing, a fixing system, a rotating system, and a perforation system;

[0005] The fixing system is welded to the rotating system, and the rotating system is welded to the perforation system.

[0006] The fixing system is I-shaped and divided into upper and lower groups. Four sets of support feet are evenly installed in the circumferential direction to fix the equipment inside the well wall. The upper and lower structures are guided by a central guide pipe. The upper end cover includes three guide pipes, which are the start-up air pipes for the fixing system, the rotating system, and the perforation system, respectively, and are used to control the operation of the fixing system, the rotating system, and the perforation system.

[0007] The rotating system is divided into upper and lower groups, each with two layers of circular end caps, used to receive the airflow from the guide tube and drive the perforation system to rotate radially.

[0008] The perforation system is a three-layer stacked welding installation, with four sets of perforation mechanisms distributed in the circumferential direction on each layer. These mechanisms are used to receive the airflow from the guide tube and extend outward from the outer side of the housing to perform perforation operations.

[0009] Preferably, the fixing system further includes a slide rail, a protrusion, a first cylinder, a connecting rod, and a slider; the center of the connecting rod is hinged to the protrusion, the slide rail is provided with a first tension spring, one end of the first tension spring is connected to the side of the slide rail near the center of the housing, and the other end is connected to the slider, the slider is hinged to the support foot, and the slider is provided with a first spring;

[0010] When the guide pipe receives the airflow, the first cylinder is lifted, which pushes the connecting rod to move the slider along the slide rail and pushes the support foot to the outside of the equipment housing. The first spring is used to level the support foot.

[0011] Preferably, the rotating system is I-shaped, with the upper and lower parts connected by a connecting column, and a first air guide pipe, a duct, and a duct hole are connected in the middle of the upper and lower parts to guide the high-pressure gas inside the upper fixed system to the lower fixed system; wherein, the upper part is passively rotated radially under the thrust of the cylinder, and the lower part rotates driven by the cylinder.

[0012] Preferably, the rotating system further includes an upper shell, a lower shell, an air collection chamber, a third air guide pipe, a fourth air guide pipe, a second cylinder, a second tension spring, an annular air chamber, and an internal duct.

[0013] The end cap is provided with the annular gas chamber, which is provided with a gas delivery hole, a second gas guide pipe and a first flow guide hole; high-pressure gas enters the annular gas chamber through the flow guide pipe and the gas delivery hole, enters the upper fixing system through the second gas guide pipe, and enters the gas collection chamber through the first flow guide hole;

[0014] The gas collection chamber is located at the center of the end cap, and third air guide pipes are provided on both sides. The third air guide pipes are connected to the second cylinder. One end of the second tension spring is connected to the upper housing and the other end is connected to the lower housing. One end of the second cylinder is connected to the upper housing and the other end is connected to the lower housing, and is fixed by a connection point.

[0015] The internal duct and the fourth gas pipe are used to provide high-pressure gas to the lower part of the rotating system;

[0016] The upper housing is welded to the fixing system, and the lower housing is welded to the perforation system. When the second cylinder is lifted, it drives the lower housing to rotate counterclockwise. When the second cylinder loses pressure, the lower housing rotates clockwise, and the rotation system is reset by the second tension spring.

[0017] Preferably, the rotating system further includes a first pressure dividing valve and a throttle valve; the first pressure dividing valve has an air supply port above it for connecting to the start air pipe of the perforation system, three different guide holes on its side, and a piston and a second spring inside;

[0018] The throttle valve is provided with a second guide hole, a third guide hole, a fourth guide hole, a throttle piston, and a third spring. The throttle piston is provided with a duct inside. The third guide hole is used to connect to the first pressure dividing valve, and the second guide hole is used to connect to the perforation system.

[0019] The throttle valve consists of three sets, each connected to a different guide hole of the first pressure divider valve, and provides high-pressure gas for different levels of perforation systems.

[0020] Preferably, the perforation system includes a perforation mechanism, a second annular air chamber, a third annular air chamber, and a drain hole;

[0021] The perforation mechanism is internally connected to a lead screw and externally connected to a telescopic joint, and the telescopic joint is connected to one end of a third tension spring;

[0022] The second annular gas chamber is connected to a fifth guide hole and a second guide hole, and provides high-pressure gas to the perforation mechanism through a sixth gas pipe;

[0023] The third annular air chamber is connected to the seventh air guide pipe and is connected to the throttle valve of the rotating system through the fifth air guide pipe;

[0024] The drain hole is used to discharge the high-pressure gas discharged by the perforation mechanism.

[0025] Preferably, the perforation mechanism is provided with a second pressure divider valve, a turbine box, a one-way valve, a perforation tube, a perforation gun barrel, a gunpowder device, a firing pin, a third cylinder, and a fourth cylinder;

[0026] The one-way valve is used to discharge the exhaust gas from the fourth cylinder;

[0027] The turbine housing is equipped with blades, bearings, and end caps for passing through the lead screw;

[0028] The second pressure divider valve is equipped with a piston and a spring for activating the third and fourth cylinders;

[0029] The perforating gun barrel is equipped with a perforating projectile and a trajectory, and is connected to a gunpowder device. The gunpowder device is connected to a firing pin. After the firing pin strikes the gunpowder device, the perforating projectile flies out along the perforating gun barrel and fires at the ground.

[0030] The perforation tube is connected to the perforation gun barrel via a connecting rod and is used to fire perforation projectiles.

[0031] Preferably, the perforation system is a three-layer stacked welding installation, with four sets of perforation mechanisms distributed in the circumferential direction of each layer.

[0032] The embodiments of the present invention bring the following beneficial effects:

[0033] This invention allows for multiple perforations within the same perforation hole, as well as multi-stage perforation. It also allows for radial adjustment of the perforation position and can drain the drilling fluid from the perforation gun barrel during perforation, reducing the resistance of the perforation projectile. It has no circuit design and is safe and reliable.

[0034] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention are realized and obtained in accordance with the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings.

[0035] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a top view, side view, and cross-sectional view of an ultra-deep well downhole multi-stage perforation tool device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 An exploded view of an ultra-deep well downhole multi-stage perforation tool device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 This invention provides a cross-sectional view and an exploded view of the fixing system of a multi-stage perforation tool device for ultra-deep wells, as provided in an embodiment of the invention.

[0039] Figure 4 Exploded view a of the rotating system of a multi-stage perforation tool device for ultra-deep wells provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 Exploded view b of the rotating system of a multi-stage perforation tool device for ultra-deep wells provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 Exploded view of the pressure divider valve and throttle valve of a multi-stage perforation tool device for ultra-deep wells provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the perforation system of a multi-stage perforation tool device for ultra-deep wells provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 Detailed diagram a of the perforation mechanism of a multi-stage perforation tool device for ultra-deep wells provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 9 Detailed diagram b of the perforation mechanism of a multi-stage perforation tool device for ultra-deep wells provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 10Figure c shows a detailed perforation mechanism of a multi-stage perforation tool device for ultra-deep wells provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Among them, 1-fixed system start-up air pipe, 2-perforation system start-up air pipe, 3-rotation system start-up air pipe, 4-fixed system, 5-rotation system, 6-perforation system, 7-weld;

[0047] Fixing system: 87-Fixing system housing, 8-First tension spring, 9-Slide rail, 10-Protrusion, 11-First cylinder, 12-First connecting rod, 13-Slider, 14-Support foot, 15-First spring;

[0048] Rotating system: 16-Culvert, 17-First pressure dividing valve, 18-Air inlet, 19-First annular air chamber, 20-Second air guide pipe, 21-First bearing, 22-Lower end cover of rotating system, 23-Third air guide pipe, 24-Connection point, 25-Throttle valve, 26-Second cylinder, 27-Second tension spring, 28-Air collection chamber, 29-First guide hole, 30-First air guide pipe, 31-Upper end cover of rotating system, 32-Internal culvert, 33-Fourth air guide pipe, 34-Culvert hole, 35-Guide hole of first pressure dividing valve, 36-Guide hole of first pressure dividing valve, 37-Guide hole of first pressure dividing valve, 38-Air inlet, 39-First piston, 40-Second spring, 41-Second guide hole, 42-Third guide hole, 43-Throttle piston, 44-Third spring, 45-Fourth guide hole;

[0049] 102-Connecting column, 103-Upper shell, 104-Lower shell;

[0050] Perforation system: 46-drain hole, 47-lead screw, 48-expansion joint, 49-second annular air chamber, 50-fifth guide hole, 51-fifth air guide tube, 52-third annular air chamber, 53-sixth air guide tube, 54-seventh air guide tube, 55-third tension spring, 56-perforation mechanism;

[0051] Perforation Mechanism: 57-Eighth Gas Guide Tube, 58-One-Way Valve, 59-Turbine Box, 60-Second Pressure Divider Valve, 61-Perforation Tube, 62-Blade, 63-End Cap, 64-Third Cylinder, 65-Eleventh Gas Guide Tube, 66-Ninth Gas Guide Tube, 67-Second Piston, 68-Fourth Spring, 69-Triangular Block, 70-Second Connecting Rod, 71-Connecting Rod Ring, 72-Fifth Spring, 73-Compression End Cap, 74-Left Wedge-Shaped Protrusion, 75-Right Wedge-Shaped Protrusion, 76-Perforation Barrel, 77-Sixth Spring, 78 - Perforated bullet, 79- Trajectory, 80- Gas return tube, 81- Gas flow direction, 82- Bullet pin, 83- Gunpowder, 84- Gunpowder pin, 85- Firing pin, 86- Limiting hook, 88- Fourth tension spring, 89- Second bearing, 90- Magazine clip, 91- Torsion spring, 92- Disc, 93- Fourth cylinder, 94- Sixth guide hole, 95- Fifth cylinder, 96- Fifth tension spring, 97- Seventh spring, 98- Tenth gas guide tube, 99- Sixth tension spring, 100- Seventh tension spring, 101- Loading hole, 109- Triangular protrusion. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] like Figure 1-2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-stage perforation tool device for ultra-deep wells, including a fixing system 4, a rotating system 5, and a perforation system 6;

[0054] The fixed system 4 is welded to the rotating system 5, and the rotating system 5 is welded to the perforation system 6. The fixed system 4 includes a three-layer structure, namely the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer, with the perforation system 6 disposed between the two layers. The upper end cap of the upper fixed system 4 is provided with three guide pipes, which are the start-up air pipes for the fixed system 4, the rotating system 5, and the perforation system 6, respectively, and are used to control the operation of the fixed system 4, the rotating system 5, and the perforation system 6.

[0055] like Figure 3 As shown, the fixing system 4 is I-shaped and divided into upper and lower groups. Four sets of support feet 14 are evenly installed in the circumferential direction to fix the equipment inside the well wall; the upper and lower structures are guided by a central guide pipe.

[0056] Furthermore, the fixing system 4 also includes a fixing system housing, a slide rail 9, a protrusion 10, a first cylinder 11, a first connecting rod 12, and a slider 13; the center of the first connecting rod 12 is hinged to the protrusion 10, the slide rail 9 is provided with a first tension spring 8, one end of the first tension spring 8 is connected to the side of the slide rail 9 near the center of the housing, and the other end is connected to the slider 13, the slider 13 is hinged to the support foot 14, the slider 13 is provided with a first spring 15, and the groove on the surface of the slider 13 is connected to the push rod of the first cylinder 11.

[0057] like Figures 4-5 As shown, the rotating system 5 is generally H-shaped and divided into upper and lower groups, each with two layers of circular end caps, namely the lower end cap 22 and the upper end cap 31. The rotating system 5 is used to drive the perforation system 6 to rotate radially after receiving the airflow from the guide tube. The upper and lower parts of the rotating system 5 are connected by a connecting column 102, and a third air guide tube 30, a duct 16, and a duct hole 34 are connected in the middle of the upper and lower parts to guide the high-pressure gas inside the upper fixed system 4 to the lower fixed system 4. The upper part is passively rotated radially under the thrust of the cylinder, while the lower part rotates driven by the cylinder.

[0058] Furthermore, the rotating system 5 also includes an upper housing 103, a lower housing 104, an air collection chamber 28, a first air guide pipe 20, a second air guide pipe 23, a second cylinder 26, a second tension spring 27, a first annular air chamber 19, and an internal duct 32, wherein the internal duct 32 and the fourth air guide pipe 33 are used to provide high-pressure gas to the lower part of the rotating system 5.

[0059] The first bearing 21 is installed on the upper protrusion of the lower end cover 22 of the rotating system, and the second cylinder 26 and the second tension spring 27 are installed in the lower concave part.

[0060] The upper cover 31 of the rotating system is provided with a first annular air chamber 19. The first annular air chamber 19 is provided with an air delivery hole 18, a first air guide pipe 20 and a first flow guide hole 29. High pressure gas enters the first annular air chamber 19 through the flow guide pipe and the air delivery hole, enters the upper fixing system 4 through the first air guide pipe 20, and enters the gas collection chamber 28 through the first flow guide hole 29.

[0061] The gas collection chamber 28 is located at the center of the rotating system end cover 31, and a second air guide pipe 23 is provided on both sides. The second air guide pipe 23 is connected to the second cylinder 26. One end of the second tension spring 27 is connected to the upper housing 103 and the other end is connected to the lower housing 104. One end of the second cylinder 26 is connected to the upper housing 103 and the other end is connected to the lower housing 104, and is fixed by the connection point 24.

[0062] like Figure 6As shown, the rotating system 5 also includes a first pressure-dividing valve 17 and a throttle valve 25; the first pressure-dividing valve 17 has an air inlet 18 above it for connecting to the perforation system start-up air pipe 3, and three different guide holes on its side, and a first piston 39 and a second spring 40 inside; the throttle valve 25 has a second guide hole 41, a third guide hole 42, a fourth guide hole 45, a throttle piston 43 and a third spring 40, the throttle piston 43 has a duct 32 inside, the third guide hole 42 is used to connect to the first pressure-dividing valve 17, and the second guide hole 41 is used to connect to the perforation system 6;

[0063] The throttle valve 25 consists of three sets, which are respectively connected to three different guide holes of the first pressure dividing valve 17, and provide high-pressure gas for different levels of perforation systems 6.

[0064] like Figure 7 As shown, the perforation system 6 is a three-layer stacked welded installation, with four sets of perforation mechanisms distributed circumferentially in each layer. These mechanisms receive airflow from the guide pipe and extend outwards from the outer side of the housing to perform perforation operations. The perforation system 6 includes a perforation mechanism 56, a second annular gas chamber 49, a third annular gas chamber 52, and a drain hole 46. The perforation mechanism 56 is internally connected to a lead screw 47 and externally connected to a telescopic joint 48. The telescopic joint 48 is connected to one end of a third tension spring 55, allowing the perforation mechanism 56 to move on the surface of the lead screw 47. The second annular gas chamber 49 is connected through a fifth guide hole 50 and a second guide hole 41, and provides high-pressure gas to the four sets of perforation mechanisms 56 through a sixth air guide pipe 53. The third annular gas chamber 52 is connected to a fourth cylinder 93 through a seventh air guide pipe 54 and is connected to a throttle valve 25 of the rotating system through a fifth air guide pipe 51. The drain hole 46 is used to discharge the high-pressure gas discharged by the one-way valve 58 of the perforation mechanism 56.

[0065] like Figures 8-9 As shown, the perforation mechanism 56 is provided with an eighth air guide pipe 57, a one-way valve 58, a turbine box 59, a second pressure divider valve 60, a perforation pipe 61, a third cylinder 64, a ninth air guide pipe 66, an eleventh air guide pipe 67, a second connecting rod 70, a compression end cap 73, and a perforation gun barrel 76; wherein, the perforation pipe 61, the connecting rod 70, the compression end cap 73, and the perforation gun barrel 76 are connected sequentially in a horizontal position.

[0066] The eighth air guide pipe 57 is located at the top and connects to the sixth air guide pipe 53 to provide high-pressure gas to the turbine housing 59; the eleventh air guide pipe 67 is used to guide the high-pressure gas that has impacted the turbine housing 59 inside the eighth air guide pipe 57 to the second pressure dividing valve 60; the second pressure dividing valve 60 is provided with a second piston 67 and a spring 68, which are used to activate the third cylinder 64 and the fifth cylinder 95; the turbine housing 59 is provided with an internally threaded blade 62, a bearing, and an end cover 63, wherein the lead screw 47 passes through the center of the turbine housing 59; the one-way valve 58 is used to discharge the gas. The exhaust gas from the fifth cylinder 95; the third cylinder 64, after receiving the ninth air guide pipe 66, can push the extrusion end cap 73 to rotate; the connecting rod 70 pulls the four triangular blocks 69 to perform a closing and flipping action; a connecting rod ring 71 is provided on the connecting rod 70, and a wedge-shaped block is provided at the tail of the connecting rod ring 71, which moves under the extrusion end cap 73 and is reset by the fifth spring 7; the left wedge-shaped protrusion 74 of the extrusion end cap 73 is connected to the fifth spring 7, and the right wedge-shaped protrusion 75 is connected to the firing port barrel 76, and the travel length of the left wedge-shaped protrusion 74 is twice that of the right wedge-shaped protrusion 75.

[0067] like Figure 10 As shown, the perforating gun barrel 76 is equipped with a perforating projectile 78, a ballistic trajectory 79 with internal threads, and a return gas pipe 80, and is connected to a gunpowder device. The gunpowder device is connected to a firing pin 85. The firing pin 85 is pulled by the seventh tension spring 100 to strike the gunpowder device, causing the perforating projectile 78 to fly out along the perforating gun barrel 76 and shoot at the formation. The perforating gun barrel 76 is pressed against the well wall surface by the fourth spring 68. The firing pin is limited by the limiting hook 86, and the limiting hook 86 is reset by the fifth tension spring 96.

[0068] The perforation cartridge 78 consists of 25 rounds, which are installed in the magazine 90. The cartridges are fed to the perforation barrel 76 by the force of the sixth spring 77 and chambered by the cartridge pin 82. The cartridge pin 82 is reset by the seventh spring 97.

[0069] The gunpowder device includes gunpowder 82, gunpowder pin 84, disc 92, and loading hole 101. There are 25 gunpowder pellets 82, which are distributed and installed in the circular holes of disc 92. The gunpowder 82 is installed in the holes on the surface of disc 92 and can rotate under the torque of torsion spring 91. The gunpowder pin 84 is used to load the gunpowder 82. The loading hole 101 is used to load the gunpowder.

[0070] Among them, the fourth cylinder 93 is connected to the third annular air chamber 52 through the seventh air guide pipe 54, and the sixth flow guide hole 94 is connected to the second flow guide hole of the second pressure divider valve 60;

[0071] When the equipment needs to perform perforation operations, it is lowered into the formation at a specified depth, and high-pressure gas is injected into the fixed system start air pipe 1. The fixed system 4 at both ends will extend support legs 14, which will be pressed against the well wall to fix the equipment in the well. Then, high-pressure gas is injected into the rotation system start air pipe 2, which will radially rotate the perforation system 5 and adjust the perforation position. After adjusting to the appropriate position, high-pressure gas is injected into the perforation system start air pipe 3, which will cause the four sets of perforation mechanisms 56 around the perforation system 6 to be pushed out of the equipment until they are pushed to the inside of the well wall. At this time, increasing the gas pressure in the perforation system start air pipe 3 will activate the perforation mechanism to launch perforation projectiles 78 for perforation operations. Each set of perforation mechanisms 56 is equipped with 25 perforation projectiles 78 and gunpowder 83. Continuous injection of high-pressure gas will allow for continuous firing of perforation projectiles 78. The perforation system 6 consists of three sets, arranged vertically, which we call the first, second, and third-level perforation systems. They have the same structure, but each set of perforation systems 6 has a different starting pressure. By injecting gas at different pressures into the perforation system starting air pipe 3, the corresponding perforation system 6 can be started, and the firing of perforation projectiles 78 can be controlled. However, it can only be started layer by layer and cannot be started across layers. The prerequisite for starting across layers is that the perforation projectiles 78 of a certain level have been exhausted and the equipment automatically shuts down the perforation system 6 of that layer before the perforation system 6 can be started across layers to carry out perforation operations.

[0072] Example 2: In this example, when perforation operations are required, a ground air pump is connected to lower the equipment to a specified depth in the formation. The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0073] The fixed system 4 is implemented as follows (taking the above fixed system as an example): High-pressure gas is injected into the fixed system start-up air pipe 1. The high-pressure gas enters the first annular air chamber 19 through the conduit and the air outlet 18 of the first annular air chamber 19. Then, it enters the four sets of first cylinders 11 through the four first air guide pipes 20 distributed on the inner wall of the first annular air chamber 19, causing the first cylinders 11 to rise and push the first connecting rod 12 to move. The linkage slider 13 moves along the slide rail 9, pushing the support foot 14 to the outside of the equipment housing. When the support foot 14 contacts the well wall, the support foot 14 can be leveled by the first spring 15. When it is necessary to retract the support foot 14, the gas supply of the fixed system start-up air pipe 1 is cut off. Under the tension of the first tension spring 8, the slider 13 can move along the slide rail 9 into the equipment, pulling the support foot 14 back into the equipment.

[0074] During the movement of the upper fixing system 4, some gas flows through the first guide hole 29 and the third gas guide pipe 30 into the internal duct 32 and the fourth guide pipe 33 of the rotating system end cover 31, injecting high-pressure gas into the lower fixing system 4 and making it move synchronously with the upper fixing system 4 (the fixing principle of the lower fixing system 4 is the same as that of the upper fixing system).

[0075] The rotation system 5 is implemented as follows (taking the above rotation system as an example): High-pressure gas is injected into the rotation system starting air pipe 2. The high-pressure gas is collected in the gas collection chamber 28 through the first guide hole 29, and then diverted from the gas collection chamber 28 to the second guide pipes 23 on the left and right sides to flow into the second cylinder 26, causing the second cylinder 26 to rise. When the second cylinder 26 rises, since the upper housing 103 is fixed with the fixing system 4, the lower housing 104 will rotate radially counterclockwise, thereby driving the entire perforation system 6 to rotate radially counterclockwise. When the rotation system needs to be reset, the gas supply inside the rotation system starting air pipe 2 is cut off, the pressure inside the second cylinder 26 is lost, and under the tension of the second tension spring 27, the upper housing 103 and the lower housing 104 rotate clockwise, resetting the position of the rotation system 5.

[0076] Once the equipment reaches the angle required for perforation, the gas injection can be stopped to keep it stationary in the corresponding position.

[0077] The perforation system 6 is implemented as follows: High-pressure gas is injected into the perforation system start-up air pipe 3. At this time, the gas is injected into the first pressure dividing valve 17 through the internal air guide pipe. The first pressure dividing valve 17 has three guide holes 35-36-37 on its side. When high-pressure gas is injected above the first pressure dividing valve 17, the first piston 39 will be pressed down. Under the influence of the elastic force of the second spring 40, when high-pressure gas of different pressures is injected, the first piston 39 will be pressed down to different heights respectively, thereby connecting the three different guide holes -35-36-37 on the side respectively. These three guide holes correspond to the first, second and third stage perforation system of the perforation system 6 respectively.

[0078] Taking the activation of only the first-stage perforation system as an example, high-pressure gas flows through the guide hole 35 of the first pressure dividing valve 17 to the third guide hole 42 at the top of the throttle valve 25. After flowing through the internal duct of the throttle piston 43, it flows through the second guide hole 41 and into the fifth guide hole 50 of the second annular air chamber 49 in the perforation mechanism 56 (the second guide hole 41 and the fifth guide hole 50 are connected by a hose, which is not shown in the figure for ease of view). It is then split by the second annular air chamber 49 into four sixth air guide pipes 53, which enter the four sets of perforation mechanisms 56 respectively. The other end of the sixth air guide pipe 53 is connected to the eighth air guide pipe 57. The gas enters the two sets of turbine boxes 59 through the eighth air guide pipe 57, which blows the blades 62 inside the turbine box 59 to rotate. The blades 62 have a circular hole at the center and are equipped with threads and rollers inside. When the blade 62 rotates, it will drive the firing mechanism 56 to push outward along the screw 47 until it hits the well wall. When the turbine box 59 is running, the gas flowing through the turbine box 59 continues to flow to the second pressure valve 60 (the structure is the same as the first pressure valve 17), flows into the ninth air pipe 66, and flows into the third cylinder 64, causing the third cylinder 64 to rise and drive the extrusion end cap 73 to rotate. When the extrusion end cap 73 rotates, it will squeeze the wedge block at the tail of the connecting rod ring 71 to move, pull the second connecting rod 70 to move, pull the triangular block 69 to flip open, open the front end of the perforation tube 61, so that the perforation gun barrel 76 directly faces the well wall. When the extrusion end cap 73 rotates halfway, the wedge block on its right side will squeeze the perforation gun barrel 76 to move to the right once and then quickly return to its original position.

[0079] At this point, all preliminary work is complete, and the firing operation is carried out. The firing operation procedure is as follows: Maintain the airflow input in the starting air pipe 3 of the firing system. After the extrusion end cap 73 rotates to the end of its stroke and stops, the internal pressure of the ninth air guide pipe 66 is increased, and no more airflow enters. The internal pressure of the second pressure divider valve 60 is increased, and the second piston 67 moves downward, opening the second diversion hole, allowing gas to enter the fifth cylinder 95. The fifth cylinder 95 rises, driving the limit hook 86 to move, releasing the restriction on the firing pin 85. Then, the gas inside the fifth cylinder 95 is discharged to the outside of the equipment through the tenth air guide pipe 98 and the one-way valve 58. After the gas in cylinder 95 is vented, the limit hook 86 resets under the tension of the fifth tension spring 96, and the firing pin 85 strikes the gunpowder 83 under the tension of the seventh tension spring 100, detonating the gunpowder 83. The high-pressure gas propels the perforating bullet 78 along the trajectory 79 through the hole at the center of the spring pin 82. As the perforating bullet 78 flows through the return gas pipe 80 near the end of the trajectory 79, some of the high-pressure gas flows back through the trajectory 80, pushing the spring pin 82 backward. The spring pin 82 quickly returns to its original position under the thrust of the seventh spring 97, and at the same time, it strikes the next perforating bullet 78 into the trajectory 79, completing the loading. The high-pressure gas in the return gas pipe 80... The gas continues to flow, pushing the powder pin 84 backward and pulling it away from the ammunition hole of the disc 92. As it is pulled away, the disc 92 rotates under the action of the torsion spring. When it reaches the next powder hole, the powder pin quickly pushes the powder 83 into the powder pin 82 under the action of the sixth tension spring 99. Then, the high-pressure gas in the return gas pipe 80 continues to flow, pushing the firing pin 85 backward until it is engaged inside the limit hook 86. This constitutes one firing. For multiple firings, simply maintain the gas injection in the firing system's start gas pipe 3. When the firing operation reaches the point where the last powder is fired, the triangular protrusion 109 on the outer ring of the disc 92 will hook... The push rod of the fourth cylinder 93 causes the fourth cylinder 93 to be passively stretched. Since the fourth cylinder 93 is connected to the third annular air chamber 52 via the seventh air guide pipe 54, and the third annular air chamber 52 is connected to the fourth guide hole 45 of the throttle valve 25 via the fifth air guide pipe 51, when the fourth cylinder 93 is stretched, the throttle piston 43 will contract downward, causing the internal channel of the throttle piston 43 to misalign with the second guide hole 41, cutting off the gas flow in the perforation system start air pipe 3, causing the first-stage perforation system to lose its power source, stop the perforation operation, and under the tension of the third tension spring 55, the perforation mechanism 56 retracts into the equipment.

[0080] When it is necessary to stop all operations and raise the equipment to the well, simply disconnect the gas supply to the fixed system start pipe 1, the perforation system start pipe 3, and the rotation system start pipe 2, and the fixed system 4, rotation system 5, and perforation system 6 will automatically reset.

[0081] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0082] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-stage perforation tool device for ultra-deep wells, characterized in that, Includes housing, fixing system, rotating system, and perforation system; The fixing system is welded to the rotating system, and the rotating system is welded to the perforation system. The fixing system is I-shaped and divided into upper and lower groups. Four sets of support feet are evenly installed in the circumferential direction to fix the equipment inside the well wall. The upper and lower structures are guided by a central guide pipe. The upper end cover includes three guide pipes, which are the start-up air pipes for the fixing system, the rotating system, and the perforation system, respectively, and are used to control the operation of the fixing system, the rotating system, and the perforation system. The rotating system is divided into upper and lower groups, each with two layers of circular end caps, used to receive the airflow from the guide tube and drive the perforation system to rotate radially. The perforation system is a three-layer stacked welded installation, with four sets of perforation mechanisms distributed in the circumferential direction of each layer, which are used to receive the airflow from the guide tube and extend out of the outer side of the shell to perform perforation operations. The perforation system includes a perforation mechanism (56), a second annular air chamber (49), a third annular air chamber (52), and a drain hole (46). The perforation mechanism (56) is internally connected to a lead screw (47) and externally connected to a telescopic joint (48), and the telescopic joint (48) is connected to one end of a third tension spring (55); The second annular gas chamber (49) is connected to the fifth guide hole (50) and the second guide hole (41), and provides high-pressure gas to the perforation mechanism (56) through the sixth gas pipe (53); The third annular air chamber (52) is connected to the seventh air guide pipe (54) and is connected to the throttle valve (25) of the rotating system (5) through the fifth air guide pipe (51); The drain hole (46) is used to discharge the high-pressure gas discharged by the perforation mechanism (56); The perforation mechanism is equipped with a second pressure divider valve (60), a turbine box (59), a one-way valve (58), a perforation tube (61), a perforation gun barrel (76), a gunpowder device, a firing pin (85), a third cylinder (64), and a fifth cylinder (95). The one-way valve (58) is used to discharge the exhaust gas from the fifth cylinder (95); The turbine housing (59) is provided with blades, bearings, and end caps for passing through the lead screw (47). The second pressure divider valve (60) is equipped with a piston and a spring for activating the third cylinder (64) and the fifth cylinder (95). The perforating barrel (76) is equipped with a perforating projectile and a trajectory, and is connected to a gunpowder device. The gunpowder device is connected to a firing pin. After the firing pin strikes the gunpowder device, the perforating projectile flies out along the perforating barrel and shoots at the ground. The perforating tube (61) is connected to the perforating gun barrel (76) via a connecting rod and is used to fire perforating projectiles.

2. The ultra-deep well downhole multi-stage perforation tool device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixing system also includes a slide rail (9), a protrusion (10), a first cylinder (11), a connecting rod (12), and a slider (13). The center of the connecting rod (12) is hinged to the protrusion (10). A first tension spring (8) is provided on the slide rail (9). One end of the first tension spring (8) is connected to the slide rail (9) near the center of the housing, and the other end is connected to the slider (13). The slider (13) is hinged to the support foot (14). A first spring (15) is provided on the slider (13). When the guide pipe receives the airflow, the first cylinder (11) is lifted, pushing the connecting rod (12) to move the slider (13) along the slide rail (9) and pushing the support foot (14) to the outside of the equipment housing. The first spring (15) is used to level the support foot (14).

3. The ultra-deep well downhole multi-stage perforation tool device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating system is I-shaped, with the upper and lower parts connected by a connecting column (102). A first air guide pipe (30), a duct (16), and a duct hole (34) are connected in the middle of the upper and lower parts to guide the high-pressure gas inside the upper fixed system to the lower fixed system. The upper part is passively rotated radially under the thrust of the cylinder, while the lower part rotates driven by the cylinder.

4. The ultra-deep well downhole multi-stage perforation tool device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The rotating system also includes an upper housing (103), a lower housing (104), an air collection chamber (28), a fourth air guide pipe (33), a second cylinder (26), a second tension spring (27), a first annular air chamber (19), and an internal duct (32). The first annular gas chamber (19) is mounted on the end cap (31). The first annular gas chamber (19) is provided with a gas delivery hole (18), a second gas guide pipe (20) and a first flow guide hole (29). High-pressure gas enters the first annular gas chamber (19) through the flow guide pipe and the gas delivery hole (18), enters the upper fixing system through the second gas guide pipe (20), and enters the gas collection chamber (28) through the first flow guide hole (29). The gas collection chamber (28) is located at the center of the end cap (31), and a third air guide pipe (23) is provided on both sides. The third air guide pipe (23) is connected to a second cylinder (26). One end of the second tension spring (27) is connected to the upper housing (103), and the other end is connected to the lower housing (104). One end of the second cylinder (26) is connected to the upper housing (103), and the other end is connected to the lower housing (104), and it is fixed by a connection point (24). The internal duct (32) and the fourth gas guide pipe (33) are used to provide high-pressure gas to the lower part of the rotating system; The upper housing (103) is welded to the fixing system, and the lower housing (104) is welded to the perforation system. When the second cylinder (26) is lifted, it drives the lower housing (104) to rotate counterclockwise. When the second cylinder (26) loses pressure, the lower housing (104) rotates clockwise, and the rotation system is reset by the second tension spring (27).

5. The ultra-deep well downhole multi-stage perforation tool device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The rotating system also includes a first pressure divider valve (17) and a throttle valve (25); The first pressure divider valve (17) has an air supply hole on its upper part for connecting the start air pipe of the perforation system, and three different guide holes on its side. Inside, there is a piston (39) and a second spring (40). The throttle valve (25) is provided with a second guide hole (41), a third guide hole (42), a fourth guide hole (45), a throttle piston (43), and a third spring (44). The throttle piston (43) is provided with a duct inside. The third guide hole (42) is used to connect to the first pressure divider valve (17), and the second guide hole (41) is used to connect to the perforation system. Among them, the throttle valve (25) consists of three sets, which are respectively connected to three different guide holes of the first pressure dividing valve (17) and provide high-pressure gas for different levels of perforation systems.

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