A dust-proof slagging-out system and method for a tunnel anchor hole

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of suspension bridge tunnel anchor hole construction, and more particularly to a tunnel anchor hole dust prevention and residue removal system and method. The dust prevention and residue removal system includes a residue removal platform, a track, and a residue removal vehicle. The residue removal platform is disposed near the anchor hole portal of the tunnel anchor. The track is laid from the residue removal platform and extends to the tunnel anchor hole face. The residue removal vehicle runs on the track. A winch is installed on the ground, and a cable on the winch is connected to the residue removal vehicle. A residue removal opening is disposed on the residue removal platform. A dust prevention hose is disposed on the residue removal opening, and the lower end of the dust prevention hose extends into the residue removal vehicle hopper. A dust reduction spraying device is disposed on the residue removal platform. The dust reduction spraying device is always in a water spraying state during residue removal, which moistens the residue on the residue removal vehicle and effectively controls the dust generated during residue removal. The dust prevention hose can control the dust generated during residue dumping and limit the dumping direction.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of tunnel anchor hole construction of suspension bridges, in particular to a tunnel anchor hole dust prevention and residue discharging system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In bridge engineering, tunnel anchors are a kind of anchorage structure that can better utilize the geological conditions of the anchorage site, have relatively small engineering quantity (volume is only 20%~25% of that of gravity anchors), high cost performance, and small disturbance to the surrounding environment, and are often used in suspension bridges on mountainous highways.

[0003] In the process of tunnel anchor hole construction, a residue discharging system is needed to transport the residue soil in the process of anchor hole construction. The residue discharging system in the prior art mainly uses a winch and a steel wire rope to pull a residue discharging vehicle to run on a track, and transport the residue soil in the anchor hole to a residue discharging platform.

[0004] Patent application No. CN115709880A discloses a tunnel anchor track type intelligent residue discharging system and method. The system includes a track mechanism, a traction mechanism and a control mechanism. The track mechanism includes a track laid between the residue discharging tunnel anchor working face and the residue discharging vehicle.

[0005] Patent application No. CN217950381U discloses a large-inclination tunnel automatic dumping residue discharging system. The system includes a track, a residue discharging trolley on the track, a driving assembly at the outlet of the tunnel anchor, a residue discharging platform at the outlet of the tunnel anchor, and a parking platform between the residue discharging platform and the ground.

[0006] Patent application No. CN117738693A discloses a water diversion inclined shaft rapid residue discharging device and method. The device includes a residue discharging vehicle, a residue discharging system for automatically discharging the residue discharging vehicle, an upper bend track system arranged at the upper bend section of the inclined shaft, and a residue discharging vehicle traction lifting system arranged at the upper flat section of the inclined shaft.

[0007] However, the residue discharging systems in the above-mentioned corresponding technologies all have dust prevention structures, which cause a large amount of dust to be raised when the residue soil is poured, seriously deteriorating the construction environment and endangering the health of workers. SUMMARY

[0008] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a dust prevention residue discharging system and method for tunnel anchor holes, which aims to solve the above technical problems.

[0009] To achieve the above object, in one aspect, the application provides a dust-proof residue discharging system for a tunnel anchor hole, comprising a residue discharging platform, a track and a residue discharging vehicle; the residue discharging platform is arranged at a position close to a hole door of the tunnel anchor hole; the track is laid from the residue discharging platform and extends to a working face position of the tunnel anchor hole; the residue discharging vehicle runs on the track; a winch is installed on the ground, a cable on the winch is connected with the residue discharging vehicle; a residue discharging port is arranged on the residue discharging platform; a dust-proof hose is arranged on the residue discharging port, a lower end of the dust-proof hose extends into a hopper of a residue transfer vehicle; a dust-settling spraying device is arranged on the residue discharging platform.

[0010] Preferably, the distance that the lower end of the dust-proof hose extends into the hopper of the residue transfer vehicle is 10-20 cm.

[0011] Preferably, a plurality of buckling fasteners are arranged on the outer surface of the middle part of the dust-proof hose; a flexible cable is arranged through the buckling fasteners; the flexible cable is elastic; when residue is not discharged, the flexible cable is in a shortened state to fold the dust-proof hose; when residue is discharged, the residue enters the dust-proof hose from the residue discharging port, overcomes the elastic force of the flexible cable and expands the dust-proof hose.

[0012] Preferably, one of the tracks at the position of the residue discharging port is bent downward to form a curved track, and the other track is a straight track; the residue discharging vehicle comprises a vehicle compartment and a bottom plate; one long side of the bottom plate is hinged to the edge of the bottom of the vehicle compartment through a hinge shaft, and the other long side of the bottom plate is clamped to the edge of the bottom of the vehicle compartment through a buckle; a wheel pair is arranged on the bottom plate; a roller is arranged on each side of the residue discharging port; an ear plate is arranged on each side of the vehicle compartment of the residue discharging vehicle; when the buckle is in an unfastened state and the residue discharging vehicle drives to the position of the residue discharging port, the roller is supported on the ear plate, one side wheel of the wheel pair runs on the straight track at the residue discharging port, and the other side wheel of the wheel pair runs on the curved track at the residue discharging port, so that the bottom plate of the residue discharging vehicle is turned downward around the hinge shaft.

[0013] Preferably, a connecting ring is arranged on the front end face and the rear end face of the residue discharging vehicle respectively; a turning guide wheel is arranged on the side wall of the hole door of the anchor hole; when the residue discharging vehicle needs to be forwardly pulled, the cable on the winch is connected to the connecting ring on the front end face of the residue discharging vehicle; when the residue discharging vehicle needs to be reversely pulled, the cable on the winch is connected to the connecting ring on the rear end face of the residue discharging vehicle after passing through the turning guide wheel.

[0014] Preferably, the dust-proof residue discharging system further comprises a controller, the controller is electrically connected with the winch; a travel switch is arranged at a position close to the edge of the residue discharging port; the travel switch is electrically connected with the controller; a blocking limiting column is arranged at the end position of the track on the residue discharging platform.

[0015] Preferably, the dust fall spraying device comprises an arched frame formed by a plurality of inverted U-shaped water pipes and a horizontal water pipe, and a dustproof shed covers the top surface and the two long side surfaces of the arched frame; the plurality of inverted U-shaped water pipes are connected in communication through the horizontal water pipe, and a spraying opening is arranged at the top of each inverted U-shaped water pipe, and the lower end of one of the inverted U-shaped water pipes is extended to form a water inlet pipe connected to a water source.

[0016] Preferably, the dustproof shed is made of transparent PVC material, and a fence crossbar is arranged on the two long side surfaces and the end surface away from the anchor hole portal of the arched frame.

[0017] In another aspect, the application further provides a dust fall prevention and residue discharge method for a tunnel anchor hole, which uses the dust fall prevention and residue discharge system described above and comprises the following steps:

[0018] S1, driving a residue transport vehicle to be right below the residue discharge opening, and extending the lower end of the dustproof hose into the vehicle hopper of the residue transport vehicle;

[0019] S2, using a excavator at the tunnel anchor hole working face to transport the residue into an empty residue discharge vehicle, and using the bucket of the excavator to flatten and compact the residue in the residue discharge vehicle;

[0020] S3, using a winch to wind up the cable, so that the residue discharge vehicle runs along the track under the lifting force of the cable;

[0021] S4, when the residue discharge vehicle enters the residue discharge platform, starting the dust fall spraying device to spray water to the residue discharge vehicle to wet the residue on the residue discharge vehicle; meanwhile, the residue discharge vehicle discharges residue, which passes through the residue discharge opening, the dustproof hose and then the residue transport vehicle in sequence.

[0022] Preferably, in the step S4, the dust fall spraying device always keeps spraying water during the residue discharging process.

[0023] Thanks to the above technical solutions, the application has the following advantages:

[0024] (1) In the application, the dust fall spraying device is arranged on the residue discharge platform, and the dustproof hose is arranged on the residue discharge opening, so that the lower end of the dustproof hose is extended into the vehicle hopper of the residue transport vehicle when the residue discharge vehicle discharges residue, and the residue passes through the residue discharge opening, the dustproof hose and then the residue transport vehicle in sequence, so that the dustproof hose can control the dust fall generated when the residue is poured and limit the pouring direction. In addition, the dust fall spraying device always keeps spraying water during the residue discharging process, so as to wet the residue on the residue discharge vehicle, effectively control the dust fall generated when the residue is discharged, purify the construction environment and reduce the harm of residue dust to the health of construction personnel.

[0025] (2) In the present application, by setting the elastic stretchable cable on the dustproof hose, when not discharging the slag, the stretchable cable is in the shortened state to fold the dustproof hose; when discharging the slag, the slag enters into the dustproof hose from the slag discharge port, overcomes the elastic force of the stretchable cable and expands the dustproof hose. Therefore, the stretchable cable realizes the opening and closing of the dustproof hose, folds the dustproof hose when not discharging the slag, and can prevent falling objects. When discharging the slag, it can be automatically opened under the action of the slag. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, without creative labor, other drawings can also be obtained from the structure shown in the drawings.

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the dustproof slag discharge system in the present application;

[0028] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure below the slag discharge platform in the present application;

[0029] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure above the slag discharge platform in the present application;

[0030] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the slag discharge car in the present application when discharging slag;

[0031] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the dustproof hose in the present application when folding and tightening.

[0032] Explanation of reference numerals: 1, excavator; 2, track; 3, slag discharge car; 4, winch; 5, dust reduction spraying device; 6, controller; 7, slag discharge platform; 8, slag discharge port; 9, dustproof hose; 10, platform column; 11, slag transfer car; 12, curved rail; 13, anti-skid limiting clamp; 14, travel switch; 15, guide wheel; 16, cable; 17, connecting ring; 18, sleeper; 19, anchor hole door; 20, transverse water pipe; 20a, water inlet pipe; 21, blocking limiting column; 22, carrier roller; 23, beam body; 24, buckle; 25, fence crossbar; 26, dustproof shed; 27, spraying port; 28, lug plate; 29, stretchable cable; 30, tightening buckle; 31, steering guide wheel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] With reference to the accompanying drawings, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below, obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0034] It should be noted that all directionality indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present application are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement condition, etc. between components in a certain posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the certain posture changes, the directionality indications will also change accordingly.

[0035] With reference to the accompanying drawings, a dust-proof residue discharging system for a tunnel anchor hole comprises a residue discharging platform 7, a track 2 and a residue discharging vehicle 3; the residue discharging platform 7 is arranged at a position close to the anchor hole portal 19 of the tunnel anchor; the track 2 is laid from the residue discharging platform 7 and extends to a position of the tunnel anchor hole face; the residue discharging vehicle 3 runs on the track 2; a winch 4 is installed on the ground, a cable 16 on the winch 4 is connected with the residue discharging vehicle 3; a residue discharging port 8 is arranged on the residue discharging platform 7; a dust-proof hose 9 is arranged on the residue discharging port 8, a lower end of the dust-proof hose 9 extends into a car hopper of a residue soil transfer vehicle 11; a dust-settling spraying device 5 is arranged on the residue discharging platform 7.

[0036] With reference to the accompanying drawings, the residue discharging platform 7 is built by a plurality of platform upright columns 10, beam bodies 23 and platform panels. Figure 2 With reference to the accompanying drawings, the residue discharging platform 7 is built by a plurality of platform upright columns 10, beam bodies 23 and platform panels.

[0037] In the embodiment, the distance between the lower end of the dust-proof hose 9 and the car hopper of the residue soil transfer vehicle 11 is 10-20 cm.

[0038] With reference to the accompanying drawings, the residue discharging platform 7 is built by a plurality of platform upright columns 10, beam bodies 23 and platform panels. Figure 5 With reference to the accompanying drawings, a plurality of binding buckles 30 are arranged on the outer surface of the middle part of the dust-proof hose 9; a telescopic cable 29 is threadedly arranged in the plurality of binding buckles 30; the telescopic cable 29 is elastic; when residue is not discharged, the telescopic cable 29 is in a shortened state to fold and bind the dust-proof hose 9; when residue is discharged, residue soil enters the dust-proof hose 9 from the residue discharging port 8, overcomes the elastic force of the telescopic cable 29 and expands the dust-proof hose 9.

[0039] With reference to the accompanying drawings, the residue discharging platform 7 is built by a plurality of platform upright columns 10, beam bodies 23 and platform panels. Figure 3 , Figure 4As shown in the figure, one of the rails 2 at the position of the slagging-off port 8 is bent downward to form a curved rail 12, and the other rail 2 is a straight rail; the slagging-off car 3 is a rail bottom unloading type mine car, which comprises a car body and a bottom plate; one long side of the bottom plate is hinged to the edge of the bottom of the car body through a hinge shaft, and the other long side of the bottom plate is clamped to the edge of the bottom of the car body through a buckle 24; a wheel pair is arranged on the bottom plate; a roller 22 is arranged on each side of the slagging-off port 8; an ear plate 28 is arranged on each side of the car body of the slagging-off car 3; when the buckle 24 is in a loosened state and the slagging-off car 3 drives into the position of the slagging-off port 8, the roller 22 is supported on the ear plate 28, one side wheel of the wheel pair runs on the straight rail at the position of the slagging-off port 8, and the other side wheel of the wheel pair runs on the curved rail 12 out of the slagging-off port 8, so that the bottom plate of the slagging-off car 3 is turned downward around the hinge shaft, and the slagging-off can be performed.

[0040] In the embodiment, a connecting ring 17 is arranged on the front end face and the rear end face of the slagging-off car 3 respectively; a steering guide wheel 31 is arranged on the side wall of the anchor hole door 19; when the slagging-off car 3 needs to be forwardly pulled, the pull rope 16 on the winch 4 is connected to the connecting ring 17 on the front end face of the slagging-off car 3; when the slagging-off car 3 needs to be reversely pulled, the pull rope 16 on the winch 4 is connected to the connecting ring 17 on the rear end face of the slagging-off car 3 after passing through the steering guide wheel 31.

[0041] In the embodiment, the dust prevention and slagging-off system further comprises a controller 6, which is electrically connected to the winch 4; a travel switch 14 is arranged on one end edge of the slagging-off port 8 close to the winch 4; the travel switch 14 is electrically connected to the controller 6; a blocking limiting column 21 is arranged at the end position of the rail 2 on the slagging-off platform 7.

[0042] In combination Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the dust falling and spraying device 5 comprises an arch-shaped frame formed by a plurality of inverted U-shaped water pipes and a transverse water pipe 20, and a dustproof shed 26 covers the top face and the two long side faces of the arch-shaped frame; the plurality of inverted U-shaped water pipes are connected in communication through the transverse water pipe 20, and a spraying port 27 is arranged on the top of each inverted U-shaped water pipe; the lower end of one of the inverted U-shaped water pipes is extended to form a water inlet pipe 20a, and the water inlet pipe 20a is connected to a water source, specifically, the water inlet pipe 20a is connected to a tap water pipe, or high-pressure water is pumped into the water inlet pipe 20a through a water pump.

[0043] In the embodiment, the dustproof shed 26 is made of transparent PVC material, which mainly ensures a certain shed brightness and plays a good role in limiting the diffusion of dust.

[0044] In the embodiment, the rail crossbar 25 is installed on the two long sides of the arch-shaped frame and the end surface away from the anchor hole portal 19. The rail crossbar 25 plays a role of reinforcing the arch-shaped frame and also plays a role of protection, thereby ensuring the safety of the operator.

[0045] In another aspect, the embodiment also provides a dust-proof residue discharging method for a tunnel anchor hole, which adopts the dust-proof residue discharging system and comprises the following steps:

[0046] S1, the residue transport vehicle 11 is driven to be right below the residue discharging port 8, and the lower end of the dust-proof hose 9 is inserted into the vehicle hopper of the residue transport vehicle 11;

[0047] S2, the excavator 1 at the tunnel anchor hole face is used to transport the residue to the empty residue discharging vehicle 3, and the bucket of the excavator 1 is used to flatten and compact the residue in the residue discharging vehicle 3;

[0048] S3, the winch 4 is used to wind the cable 16, and the residue discharging vehicle 3 runs along the track 2 under the lifting force of the cable 16;

[0049] S4, when the residue discharging vehicle 3 enters the residue discharging platform 7, the dust-settling spraying device 5 is started to spray water to the residue discharging vehicle 3, so as to wet the residue on the residue discharging vehicle 3; meanwhile, the residue discharging vehicle 3 discharges the residue, and the residue passes through the residue discharging port 8 and the dust-proof hose 9 in turn and then reaches the residue transport vehicle 11.

[0050] Preferably, in the step S4, the dust-settling spraying device 5 keeps spraying water during the residue discharging process.

[0051] In summary, the dust-proof residue discharging system of the embodiment mainly comprises the track 2, the residue discharging vehicle 3, the winch 4, the dust-settling spraying device 5, the controller 6, the residue discharging platform 7, the residue discharging port 8, the dust-proof hose 9, the platform column 10 and the residue transport vehicle 11. When the tunnel anchor hole face is excavated to a certain footage, the excavator 1 alone cannot meet the required residue discharging efficiency, and then the dust-proof residue discharging system can be built. The main building process is as follows:

[0052] 1. According to the actual situation, a reasonable residue discharging platform 7 placement, residue transport vehicle 11 passage, platform column 10 and winch 4 installation point are planned, and the site is marked with paint;

[0053] 2. The site required for installing the dust-proof residue discharging system is isolated and safety construction warning signs are set, and the components and equipment required by the dust-proof residue discharging system are transferred to the site;

[0054] 3. The platform column 10 foundation is constructed, then the platform column 10 is erected, and after it is stable, the installation of the beam body 23 above the column is started;

[0055] 4. After the combination structure of the platform column 10 and the beam body 23 is stable, the platform of the slag unloading platform 7 is installed, and the slag unloading platform 7 is checked and reinforced;

[0056] 5. After the slag unloading platform 7 is installed and meets the stability requirements of construction, the installation of the winch 4, the controller 6, the slag unloading port 8, the dust reduction spraying device 5, the curved track 12, the track 2, the carrier roller 22, the travel switch 14, the blocking limiting column 21 and the guide wheel 15 is sequentially performed;

[0057] 6. The dustproof hose 9 is installed, and the position of the outlet thereof is adjusted according to the actual situation;

[0058] 7. The slag car 3 is placed on the slag unloading platform 7, and the connecting ring 17 of the slag car 3 is connected by using the cable 16, the cable 16 is arranged on the guide wheel 15, and the guide wheel 15 is used for guiding;

[0059] 8. After the above installation is completed, the track 2 in the hole is laid, and the track 2 closely follows the tunnel face, and the installation steps of the track 2 in the anchor hole of the tunnel anchor are as follows:

[0060] (1) The track laying site is leveled, and the excavated pit and the spliced protrusion are backfilled;

[0061] (2) The sleeper 18 is laid;

[0062] (3) The track 2 is laid, and the positions where the slope changes greatly in the anchor hole are reinforced.

[0063] The specific use process of the dust prevention and slag discharge system provided in the embodiment is as follows:

[0064] After the excavator 1 at the tunnel anchor hole face of the tunnel face transfers the slag soil to the empty slag car 3, the excavator 1 is used to press and compact the slag soil in the slag car 3 by using the bucket.

[0065] Subsequently, the winch 4 is controlled by the controller 6 to wind the cable 16, and the slag car 3 starts to travel at a constant speed along the track 2 after being lifted by the cable 16. When the slag car 3 reaches the anchor hole portal 19, the winch 4 is controlled by the controller 6 to stop stretching, and the buckle 24 between the car body and the bottom plate of the slag car 3 is released, and then the winch 4 is started again to slowly enter the slag unloading platform 7, and the dust reduction spraying device 5 is started.

[0066] When the slag car 3 enters the slag unloading platform 7, the dust reduction spraying device 5 on the slag unloading platform 7 sprays pressurized water to the slag car 3 to wet the slag soil, and the spraying process stops after the dumping of the slag car 3 is completed.

[0067] The travel switch 14 is arranged on the slag unloading port 8, and when the slag car 3 reaches the center of the slag unloading port 8, the travel switch 14 touches the slag car 3, and the signal of the travel switch 14 is transmitted to the controller 6 and the winch 4 is immediately stopped to achieve the purpose of braking.

[0068] When the residue discharge vehicle 3 reaches the center of the residue discharge port 8, the residue discharge vehicle 3 is discharged under the action of the curved rail 12, and the residue is sequentially discharged from the residue discharge port 8, the dustproof hose 9 to the residue transfer vehicle 11.

[0069] When the residue discharge is completed, the connecting ring 17 on the front end surface of the residue discharge vehicle 3 is disconnected from the cable 16, and the cable 16 is released to a proper length, and then the cable 16 is connected to the connecting ring 17 on the rear end surface of the residue discharge vehicle 3 after passing through the deflection guide pulley 31 at the side wall of the anchor hole portal 19, and then the winch 4 is started to pull the residue discharge vehicle 3 back to the position of the anchor hole portal 19 in the reverse direction;

[0070] Then, the cable 16 is connected to the connecting ring 17 on the front end surface of the residue discharge vehicle 3 again, the buckle 24 of the residue discharge vehicle 3 is locked, and the winch 4 slowly and stably releases the cable 16, and the residue discharge vehicle 3 is returned to the working face under the action of gravity.

[0071] In the embodiment, the residue discharge vehicle 3 is a bottom discharge mine car, which comprises a car body and a bottom plate, and the car body and the bottom plate are connected through the buckle 24, and the connection or disconnection of the car body and the bottom plate of the residue discharge vehicle 3 can be realized by locking or disconnecting the buckle 24. After the buckle 24 is disconnected, the residue discharge vehicle 3 drives into the residue discharge platform 7, the idler 22 is supported on the lug plate 28, and when the car body is lifted by the idler 22, the bottom plate of the residue discharge vehicle 3 is opened under the action of gravity, and the falling direction of the bottom plate is controlled by the curved rail 12. The end position of the track 2 on the residue discharge platform 7 is provided with a blocking limiting column 21 to prevent the residue discharge vehicle 3 from being pulled out of the track 2 by the winch 4 in case of accidental failure.

[0072] After each residue discharge is completed, the residue discharge vehicle 3 is parked on the residue discharge platform 7, and the anti-skid limiting clamp 13 is arranged at the wheels of the residue discharge vehicle 3 to brake and lock the wheel pairs to prevent the residue discharge vehicle 3 from accidentally sliding down. The structure of the anti-skid limiting clamp 13 is similar to the locking structure of the universal caster, which is a conventional prior art and will not be described here.

[0073] In the embodiment, the dustproof hose 9 is made of wear-resistant canvas, and the outlet position of the dustproof hose 9 is about 10cm-20cm below the top end of the residue transfer vehicle hopper to control the tilting direction of the residue and dust. In addition, the dustproof hose 9 is provided with a telescopic cable 29, which can be used to wind and tighten the dustproof hose 9 during construction stoppage to close the residue discharge channel and prevent falling objects.

[0074] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structural transformation made under the inventive concept of the present application, or direct / indirect application in other related technical fields is included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A dust control and slag removal system for a tunnel anchorage, comprising a slag unloading platform (7), a track (2), and a slag removal vehicle (3); the slag unloading platform (7) is located near the anchorage entrance (19) of the tunnel anchorage; the track (2) is laid from the slag unloading platform (7) and extends to the working face of the tunnel anchorage; the slag removal vehicle (3) runs on the track (2); a winch (4) is installed on the ground, and a cable (16) on the winch (4) is connected to the slag removal vehicle (3); characterized in that: A slag discharge port (8) is provided on the slag discharge platform (7); a dustproof hose (9) is provided on the slag discharge port (8), and the lower end of the dustproof hose (9) extends into the hopper of the slag transfer vehicle (11); A dust suppression spray device (5) is installed on the slag unloading platform (7); Multiple fastening buckles (30) are provided on the outer surface of the middle part of the dustproof hose (9); a telescopic cable (29) is threaded through the multiple fastening buckles (30); the telescopic cable (29) is elastic; When the slag is not being discharged, the telescopic cable (29) is in a shortened state to retract the dustproof hose (9); During unloading, the slag enters the dustproof hose (9) from the unloading port (8), overcoming the elasticity of the telescopic cable (29) and opening the dustproof hose (9); One of the tracks (2) at the slag discharge port (8) is bent downward to form a curved track (12), while the other track (2) is a straight track; The slag discharge car (3) includes a car body and a bottom plate; one long side of the bottom plate is hinged to the bottom edge of the car body through a hinge shaft, and the other long side of the bottom plate is snapped to the bottom edge of the car body through a buckle (24); a wheel pair is provided on the bottom plate; rollers (22) are respectively provided on both sides of the slag discharge port (8); ear plates (28) are respectively provided on both sides of the car body of the slag discharge car (3). When the buckle (24) is in the loose state and the slag discharge car (3) drives into the slag discharge port (8), the idler roller (22) is supported on the ear plate (28), one side wheel of the wheelset travels on the straight rail at the slag discharge port (8), and the other side wheel of the wheelset travels on the curved rail (12) at the slag discharge port (8), so that the bottom plate of the slag discharge car (3) rotates downward around the hinge axis; The dust suppression spray device (5) includes an arched frame consisting of multiple inverted U-shaped water pipes and a transverse water pipe (20), and a dustproof canopy (26) is covered on the top surface and two long sides of the arched frame; the multiple inverted U-shaped water pipes are connected through the transverse water pipe (20), and a spray nozzle (27) is provided at the top of the inverted U-shaped water pipe, and the lower end of one of the inverted U-shaped water pipes is extended to form an inlet pipe (20a), which is connected to a water source.

2. The dust control and slag removal system for tunnel anchorages as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of the dustproof hose (9) extends 10-20cm into the hopper of the slag transfer vehicle (11).

3. The dust control and slag removal system for tunnel anchorages as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Connecting rings (17) are provided on the front and rear faces of the slag removal vehicle (3); steering guide wheels (31) are provided on the side wall of the anchor cave entrance (19). When the slag discharge car (3) needs to be pulled forward, the cable (16) on the winch (4) is connected to the connecting ring (17) on the front end face of the slag discharge car (3); When the slag discharge car (3) needs to be pulled in the opposite direction, the cable (16) on the winch (4) passes around the steering guide wheel (31) and is connected to the connecting ring (17) on the rear end face of the slag discharge car (3).

4. A dust control and slag removal system for tunnel anchorages as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a controller (6), which is electrically connected to the winch (4); a limit switch (14) is provided on the slag discharge port (8) near the edge of the winch (4); the limit switch (14) is electrically connected to the controller (6); a blocking limit post (21) is provided at the end of the track (2) on the slag discharge platform (7).

5. A dust control and slag removal system for tunnel anchorages as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The dustproof shed (26) is made of transparent PVC material; fence bars (25) are installed on the two long sides of the arch frame and on the end face away from the anchor hole (19).

6. A method for preventing dust and removing slag in tunnel anchorages, characterized in that, The dust control and slag removal system according to any one of claims 1 to 5 includes the following steps: S1. Drive the muck truck (11) directly under the unloading port (8) and insert the lower end of the dustproof hose (9) into the truck bed of the muck truck (11); S2. Using the excavator (1) at the tunnel anchor face, the excavated soil is transferred to the empty muck truck (3), and the bucket of the excavator (1) is used to flatten and compact the excavated soil in the muck truck (3). S3. Using the winch (4) to wind up the cable (16), the slag discharge car (3) runs along the track (2) after being lifted by the cable (16); S4. When the slag truck (3) enters the slag unloading platform (7), the dust suppression spray device (5) is activated to spray water onto the slag truck (3) to wet the slag on the slag truck (3); at the same time, the slag truck (3) unloads slag, and the slag passes through the slag unloading port (8) and the dustproof hose (9) in sequence before reaching the slag transfer vehicle (11).

7. A method for preventing dust and removing slag in tunnel anchorages as described in claim 6, characterized in that, In step S4, the dust suppression spray device (5) maintains a water spraying state throughout the slag unloading process.

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