Integrated continuous inner slip form concrete pouring process for tunnel drainage ditch

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering construction, and discloses a tunnel drainage ditch integrated continuous inner slip form concrete pouring process which comprises the following steps: construction preparation: cleaning a construction area, calibrating a drainage ditch design line, and checking a template and equipment; formwork splicing is conducted, specifically, a bottom formwork, side formworks and a top formwork are spliced in a modularized mode, and tight splicing is ensured through splicing notches and locking devices; laying a preset path: laying a sliding preset path in the direction of the drainage ditch, wherein the preset path is fixed and corrects the position of the center line; and continuous concrete pouring is conducted, specifically, segmented continuous pouring is conducted on the concrete through high-frequency vibrating equipment, and the fluidity and compactness are monitored in the vibrating process. By adopting the technical scheme of a modularized and multifunctional embedded template, and integrating a laser positioning sensor, a vibration sensor network and a temperature and humidity sensor, the multifunctional integration of accurate template position control, real-time concrete vibration state monitoring and construction environment parameter feedback is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering construction, in particular to a tunnel drainage ditch integrated continuous inner slipform concrete pouring process. Background Art

[0002] As an important auxiliary structure of tunnel engineering, the construction quality of tunnel drainage ditch directly affects the drainage performance of the tunnel and the durability of the overall structure. In the existing technology, the construction of tunnel drainage ditch usually adopts the traditional formwork casting and segmented construction process. These methods have been widely used in the construction of simple linear drainage ditch. However, with the increasing complexity of tunnel engineering and the requirements for construction quality, especially in tunnel drainage ditch projects with diverse cross-sectional shapes, complex construction environment and continuous and efficient requirements, the limitations of traditional technology are becoming increasingly apparent.

[0003] Existing formworks are mostly made of wood, steel or plastic. Most of these formworks have a single forming function, but they show obvious deficiencies in complex cross-section and high-precision construction. Traditional formwork systems usually require manual assembly, and the splicing methods are mostly simple bolts or plug-in forms. This splicing method is difficult to ensure the tightness of the joints and the precise docking of modules, which can easily lead to leakage or forming errors during concrete pouring. In addition, most existing formworks lack intelligent functions, such as real-time monitoring and feedback functions, and cannot perceive the concrete state or formwork position during construction. The construction quality relies entirely on manual experience adjustment, and it is difficult to guarantee accuracy and efficiency. The recycling efficiency of traditional formworks is low, and it is easy to have a short service life due to concrete adhesion or structural damage, which increases construction costs.

[0004] Sliding formwork technology is widely used in tunnel drainage ditch construction. The template is pushed along the direction of the drainage ditch through a preset path and a pulley group to complete continuous construction. However, existing sliding technologies mostly use simple mechanical drive devices and preset path laying. The sliding accuracy and stability are difficult to meet the needs of complex tunnel construction. During the sliding process, the trajectory of the template is easy to deviate from the center line of the preset path. Especially when there are errors in the laying of the preset path, the tunnel is curved or the slope changes, the traditional sliding technology cannot automatically correct the template position, which often leads to casting quality problems caused by sliding deviation. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an integrated continuous internal sliding formwork concrete casting process for tunnel drainage ditch, which solves the problems of insufficient template accuracy, unstable sliding trajectory and lack of real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment capabilities during the construction process in the existing tunnel drainage ditch construction.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a tunnel drainage ditch integrated continuous internal sliding form concrete pouring process, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Construction preparation: clean up the construction area, mark the drainage ditch design line, check the template and equipment;

[0008] Formwork assembly: modularly assemble the bottom form, side form and top form, and ensure tight assembly through joint notches and locking devices;

[0009] Preset path layout: Lay the sliding preset path along the direction of the drainage ditch, fix the preset path and correct the center line position;

[0010] Continuous concrete pouring: The concrete is poured continuously in sections through high-frequency vibrating equipment, and the fluidity and compactness are monitored during the vibration process;

[0011] Formwork sliding: After a section of concrete pouring is completed, the formwork is slid along the preset path to the next construction section;

[0012] Formwork disassembly and cleaning: After the concrete reaches the initial setting strength, the formwork is disassembled, the formwork surface is cleaned and recycled.

[0013] Preferably, the formwork system comprises a bottom form, a side form and a top form, and:

[0014] The bottom mold includes a rigid frame with adjustable height;

[0015] The side formwork comprises a double-layer structure, the inner layer is smooth for contacting with concrete, and the outer layer is provided with reinforcing ribs;

[0016] The top mold includes a hinged structure with an adjustable angle to adapt to different cross-sectional shapes.

[0017] Preferably, the template modules are spliced ​​in the following manner:

[0018] High-precision processed joint notches are used to ensure tight joints;

[0019] The hydraulic locking device is used to automatically lock the splicing modules to prevent leakage or deviation.

[0020] Preferably, the preset path sliding system comprises:

[0021] Modular preset path, preset path, laid along the direction of the drainage ditch, through the bottom plate, guide head, pad position, coordinated by laser positioning correction;

[0022] A pulley device, mounted on the bottom of the template and in contact with the preset path;

[0023] The electric sliding device is used to drive the template to move along the preset path.

[0024] Preferably, the slip correction system comprises:

[0025] Laser displacement sensor, used to monitor the displacement of the template during sliding;

[0026] A servo motor is used to automatically adjust the angle of the pulley block according to the offset;

[0027] Centerline monitoring device to ensure that the template remains centered during sliding.

[0028] Preferably, the template has a built-in protective layer adjustment device, comprising:

[0029] Adjustment scale to set the thickness of the protective layer;

[0030] The threaded sliding device is used to adjust the scale position by rotation to adapt to different protective layer thicknesses.

[0031] Preferably, the concrete vibrating system comprises:

[0032] High-frequency vibrating equipment is arranged along the inner wall of the formwork;

[0033] Vibration sensors to monitor vibration frequency and amplitude;

[0034] Vibration uniformity control system, used to adjust vibration parameters according to concrete density.

[0035] Preferably, the template is cleaned and maintained after disassembly by:

[0036] Use a high-pressure water gun or mechanical brush to clean the residue on the template surface;

[0037] Check the integrity of the template surface coating and re-spray the anti-stick coating if there is any wear;

[0038] Regularly check the dimensional accuracy and strength of the formwork, and repair or replace damaged formwork components.

[0039] Preferably, the monitoring and control system comprises:

[0040] Laser ranging system, used to monitor the cross-sectional dimensions within the template in real time;

[0041] Concrete fluidity monitoring system, used to monitor the concrete flow performance during the pouring process;

[0042] The data acquisition and feedback system is used to transmit monitoring data to the central control module and adjust the construction parameters in real time.

[0043] Preferably, the template is a multifunctional embedded template, integrating the following functions:

[0044] Built-in laser positioning sensor for precise positioning of the template;

[0045] Vibration sensor network for real-time monitoring of formwork vibration effects;

[0046] Temperature and humidity sensors are used to monitor the construction environment around the formwork and provide feedback on construction parameters.

[0047] The present invention provides a tunnel drainage ditch integrated continuous internal sliding form concrete pouring process.

[0048] Beneficial effects:

[0049] 1. The present invention adopts a modular, multifunctional embedded formwork technology solution, and integrates laser positioning sensors, vibration sensor networks, and temperature and humidity sensors to achieve multifunctional integration of precise control of formwork position, real-time monitoring of concrete vibration status, and feedback of construction environment parameters. Compared with the prior art technology in which the formwork has a single function and cannot dynamically perceive the construction status, the present invention solves the problems of large formwork positioning error, uneven distribution of vibration energy, and insufficient environmental adaptability.

[0050] 2. The present invention adopts a slip correction system based on the collaborative work of a laser displacement sensor, a servo motor and a center line monitoring device. By real-time monitoring of the template sliding trajectory deviation and automatically adjusting the angle of the pulley group, the template and the center line of the preset path are accurately aligned during the sliding process. Compared with the sliding technology solutions in the prior art that rely on manual adjustment or simple mechanical correction methods, this solves the problems of low sliding accuracy, easy template offset during construction and inability to correct in time.

[0051] 3. The present invention adopts a monitoring and control technical solution that integrates a laser ranging system, a concrete fluidity monitoring system, and a data acquisition and feedback system. Through multi-level real-time monitoring and an intelligent feedback mechanism, the construction parameters are dynamically adjusted to ensure accurate template cross-sectional dimensions, uniform concrete pouring, and efficient vibration effects. Compared with the prior art solutions with a single monitoring method, delayed construction parameter adjustment, and even a lack of data feedback capabilities, the present invention solves the defects of large cross-sectional dimension deviation, unstable concrete fluidity control, and insufficient construction process optimization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The following will be combined with the drawings in the specification of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides a tunnel drainage ditch integrated continuous inner slipform concrete pouring process, comprising the following steps:

[0055] Construction preparation: clean up the construction area, mark the drainage ditch design line, check the template and equipment;

[0056] Formwork assembly: modularly assemble the bottom form, side form and top form, and ensure tight assembly through joint notches and locking devices;

[0057] Preset path layout: Lay the sliding preset path along the direction of the drainage ditch, fix the preset path and correct the center line position;

[0058] Continuous concrete pouring: The concrete is poured continuously in sections through high-frequency vibrating equipment, and the fluidity and compactness are monitored during the vibration process;

[0059] Formwork sliding: After a section of concrete pouring is completed, the formwork is laid out along the preset path and in the direction of the drainage ditch, and slides to the next construction section through the bottom plate, guide head, and pad position;

[0060] Formwork disassembly and cleaning: After the concrete reaches the initial setting strength, the formwork is disassembled, the formwork surface is cleaned and recycled.

[0061] Specifically, the construction preparation stage is crucial to the entire construction process. First, the construction area needs to be thoroughly cleaned to remove loose soil, debris and obstacles that may affect the construction in the area to ensure that the site is clean and flat; then, the design line of the drainage ditch is calibrated according to the design documents, and the construction baseline is accurately calibrated using a laser locator and a reference measurement tool to ensure that the position of each key node is accurate, and the starting point of the template assembly and the direction of concrete pouring are marked; at the same time, a comprehensive inspection of the required templates and construction equipment is carried out, including checking the integrity of the template and whether the splicing grooves are smooth, whether the locking device is flexible and reliable, and the working status of high-frequency vibration equipment, sliding devices, electric sliding devices and other construction equipment to ensure that the equipment operates normally and meets the construction requirements. Finally, technical personnel and construction teams are organized to familiarize themselves with and practice the process flow to provide technical support for subsequent work.

[0062] Formwork assembly is a key process in the construction process. The bottom formwork, side formwork and top formwork are modularly spliced. During splicing, seamless connection between modules is achieved through high-precision splicing grooves, and the joints are compensated by flexible sealing strips to ensure the sealing of the formwork after splicing. The locking device uses hydraulic or fast mechanical locks to quickly and efficiently fix the formwork modules in place, and test the shear resistance and compressive capacity of the splicing points to ensure the rigidity and stability of the overall formwork. After the assembly is completed, a laser measuring instrument is used to calibrate the assembled formwork in the horizontal and vertical directions to ensure that the cross-sectional dimensions of the formwork are completely consistent with the designed cross-sectional dimensions of the drainage ditch. If necessary, the thickness of the formwork protective layer can be adjusted through the built-in adjustment device to meet the requirements of construction specifications.

[0063] A modular sliding preset path is laid along the direction of the drainage ditch. The preset path includes three parts: a base plate, a guide head and a pad. Flexible assembly and precise adjustment are achieved through modular splicing. The base plate is made of high-strength wear-resistant material to bear the sliding load of the formwork and the pulley block. The guide head is arranged at the starting section or complex node of the path to guide the formwork to smoothly enter the preset path and correct deviations. The pads are distributed under the base plate, and their height and position can be adjusted according to the terrain conditions of the construction site to compensate for the ground height difference and ensure the horizontality and centerline alignment of the preset path. After paving, the centerline position and elevation of the preset path are corrected by a laser locator, and the path is fixed to the construction base with an anchor device to ensure the stability of the preset path and construction safety.

[0064] After the formwork is assembled and the path is ready, the continuous concrete pouring process is started. The concrete is delivered to the inside of the formwork by a concrete pump, and the concrete is vibrated in sections using high-frequency vibrating equipment. The vibrating equipment is evenly arranged on the inner wall of the formwork, and high-frequency vibration is used to eliminate bubbles in the concrete to improve the density and strength. At the same time, during the vibration process, vibration sensors and fluidity monitoring systems are used to detect the fluidity and density of the concrete in real time. If uneven vibration or insufficient density is found, the system will automatically adjust the vibration frequency or pouring speed to ensure that the concrete is evenly distributed and fully filled in the formwork.

[0065] After completing a section of concrete pouring, the formwork is moved along the preset path to the next construction section through the sliding system. The sliding system includes a pulley block and an electric sliding device. The pulley block is installed at the bottom of the formwork and contacts the bottom plate of the preset path, achieving smooth movement through low-friction sliding; the electric sliding device is driven by a servo motor, and pulls the formwork along the preset path through a steel cable or chain, and uses a laser displacement sensor to monitor the position and trajectory deviation during the sliding process. If the sliding is offset, the servo control system of the sliding device will automatically adjust the angle of the pulley block for correction to ensure that the sliding direction of the formwork is always consistent with the design line of the drainage ditch.

[0066] When the concrete of the poured section reaches the initial setting strength, the hydraulic device is used to loosen the template locking mechanism, and the bottom template, side template and top template are disassembled in turn. The disassembled template is cleaned with special tools, and the concrete residue on the surface of the template is removed with a high-pressure water gun or mechanical brush. At the same time, the splicing grooves, anti-stick coating and overall structure of the template are inspected and maintained; the cleaned and maintained template is reassembled and recycled, thereby reducing construction costs and reducing resource waste.

[0067] The formwork system comprises a bottom form, a side form and a top form, and:

[0068] The bottom mold includes a rigid frame with adjustable height;

[0069] The side formwork comprises a double-layer structure, the inner layer is smooth for contacting with concrete, and the outer layer is provided with reinforcing ribs;

[0070] The top mold includes a hinged structure with an adjustable angle to adapt to different cross-sectional shapes.

[0071] Specifically, the support device achieves precise height adjustment through a threaded adjustment mechanism or a hydraulic lifting device, so that it can adapt to the ground undulations or elevation changes at the bottom of the drainage ditch at the construction site. At the same time, the surface of the bottom mold is precisely processed to ensure that the part in contact with the concrete is smooth and flat to improve the casting quality; the side mold adopts a double-layer structure, the inner layer is made of wear-resistant and anti-corrosion materials, and its surface is specially polished to ensure that it reduces adhesion when in contact with concrete and forms a smooth molding surface; the outer layer is provided with multiple reinforcing ribs to enhance the rigidity and deformation resistance of the overall structure. The spacing and layout of the reinforcing ribs are optimized according to the template size and construction requirements to withstand the side pressure of the concrete and maintain the mold Stability of the plate shape; the top formwork includes an adjustable angle hinged structure, and the hinged part of the top formwork is designed as a multi-degree-of-freedom joint, which can flexibly adjust the inclination angle or opening and closing angle of the top formwork according to the designed cross-sectional shape of the construction section, so as to adapt to various drainage ditch cross-sectional shapes such as trapezoidal, rectangular, and U-shaped. The surface of the top formwork is also treated with anti-adhesion and smoothness to reduce the resistance during concrete demoulding, and a locking device is provided at the hinge mechanism to ensure that the top formwork remains fixed during construction to avoid displacement or loosening. At the same time, the connection parts of all formwork components adopt high-precision splicing notches and quick locking devices to ensure the overall sealing and structural stability of the formwork system, and prevent leakage or formwork deformation during construction.

[0072] The template modules are connected in the following ways:

[0073] High-precision processed joint notches are used to ensure tight joints;

[0074] The hydraulic locking device is used to automatically lock the splicing modules to prevent leakage or deviation.

[0075] Specifically, firstly, the splicing parts of the formwork modules are designed with high-precision splicing notches, the surfaces of which are processed for flatness and smoothness using precision machining technology to ensure that the splicing between the formwork modules can achieve seamless connection, and the gap error of the splicing seams is controlled within the micron range, thereby effectively preventing the leakage of slurry during concrete pouring and ensuring the overall molding quality of the formwork; the shape of the splicing notches is optimized according to the functions and stress conditions of the formwork modules, and common forms include straight line notches, dovetail notches or slot structures with locating pins, wherein the locating pins further enhance the splicing ground's centering and lateral shear resistance capabilities, and at the same time, the contact surfaces of the splicing parts are provided with flexible sealing strips or rubber pads to absorb minor errors that may occur during the splicing process and further improve the sealing performance; secondly, a hydraulic locking device is also provided between the formwork modules, which includes a It includes a hydraulic pump, a piston rod and a locking mechanism. The hydraulic pump drives the piston rod to apply a locking force to the lock, thereby realizing automatic locking of the template module, avoiding the problem of insufficient locking force or uneven locking caused by traditional manual locking methods; the hydraulic locking device can adjust the locking force as needed to ensure that the template modules are always tightly combined under different construction conditions. At the same time, the locking device is provided with a stress monitoring sensor, which can monitor the stress conditions during the locking process in real time. If abnormal stress occurs, it will automatically trigger an alarm and stop the operation to avoid damage to the template or safety hazards; the splicing structure is tested and verified for multiple times before construction to ensure the matching accuracy and reuse performance between the splicing notch and the locking device. After the splicing is completed, the rigidity, sealing and stability of the overall template structure meet the strict requirements of the tunnel drainage ditch concrete pouring process.

[0076] The preset path sliding system comprises:

[0077] Modular preset paths are laid along the direction of the gutter, through the base plate, guide head, pad position, coordination, and laser positioning correction;

[0078] A pulley device, mounted on the bottom of the template and in contact with the preset path;

[0079] The electric sliding device is used to drive the template to move along the preset path.

[0080] Specifically, firstly, the modular preset path is arranged along the direction of the gutter, and an adjustable sliding foundation is formed by a base plate, a guide head and a pad. The base plate is made of high-strength wear-resistant material and has good bearing capacity and stability. It is assembled along the gutter direction in a modular splicing manner to meet the construction requirements of gutterings of different lengths and complex shapes. The guide head is installed at the front end of the preset path to guide the template into the sliding preset path and avoid the template sliding offset or abnormal force on the preset path caused by the unevenness of the end of the sliding preset path or the connection error; the pads are evenly distributed under the base plate, and the height and position of the pads are adjustable to compensate for the unevenness of the construction site, and the preset path is adjusted to the designed construction elevation through precise adjustment to ensure the horizontality and centerline position of the preset path; the entire preset path is corrected by a laser positioning system, which is positioned by laser scanning and reflection marking points, monitors the centerline position and horizontal state of the preset path in real time, and transmits the monitoring data to the central control module to correct the preset path layout error, thereby ensuring the precise laying and stability of the preset path.

[0081] Secondly, the pulley device is installed at the bottom of the template, which is composed of multiple pulley groups. Each group of pulleys contacts the bottom plate of the preset path and slides along its direction. The pulleys are made of wear-resistant material and have low friction characteristics, which can reduce the resistance of the template during sliding and improve the sliding efficiency; the pulley device is also equipped with an anti-derailment limit device, which is used to limit the deviation of the pulley at the bend or slope change of the preset path, ensuring that the template always moves smoothly along the preset path. At the same time, the spacing and load distribution between the pulley groups are optimized to evenly disperse the weight of the template and the construction load, avoiding uneven sliding or deformation of the preset path due to excessive local load.

[0082] Finally, the electric sliding device is used to drive the template to move along a preset path. The device includes an electric winch, a steel cable and a sliding control system. The electric winch is driven by a high-efficiency servo motor and is connected to the template pulley group by a steel cable. The steel cable is made of high-strength alloy material and has excellent tensile strength and durability. The electric sliding device is combined with the sliding control system to achieve precise control of the template sliding speed and direction. The control system has a built-in real-time monitoring module. By combining the position information of the laser positioning system, the traction force and sliding speed of the electric sliding device are dynamically adjusted to ensure that the template is always aligned with the preset path during sliding to avoid offset or trajectory loss of control; in addition, the electric sliding device is also equipped with a stroke sensor and a torque monitoring device to monitor the distance and power status during the sliding process. If an abnormality is detected such as excessive traction or path deviation, the system will automatically stop sliding and prompt the operator to check and adjust.

[0083] The slip correction system comprises:

[0084] Laser displacement sensor, used to monitor the displacement of the template during sliding;

[0085] A servo motor is used to automatically adjust the angle of the pulley block according to the offset;

[0086] Centerline monitoring device to ensure that the template remains centered during sliding.

[0087] Specifically, first, the laser displacement sensor is installed at multiple key nodes of the template to monitor the position offset of the template in real time during sliding. The laser beam emitted by the laser displacement sensor scans the reference points or reflective marks arranged along the center line of the preset path. The sensor calculates the horizontal and vertical offsets between the template and the center line of the preset path by capturing the reflected signal of the laser beam, and transmits the detected offset data to the central control module in the form of digital signals. The laser displacement sensor has high sensitivity and can detect millimeter-level offsets and ensure the real-time and accuracy of the offset data; secondly, the servo motor realizes automatic correction of the offset through linkage with the pulley group. The servo motor is installed on the adjustment component of the template pulley group and is connected to the central control module. It is used to receive the offset data sent by the laser displacement sensor and calculate the angle or displacement of the pulley group that needs to be adjusted. The servo motor drives the adjustment mechanism to perform fine-tuning to realign the running trajectory of the pulley group with the center line of the preset path. The servo motor has high-precision rotation control capability and fast response performance, and can be used during sliding. Dynamic adjustment does not affect the continuity of template sliding; in addition, the centerline monitoring device works in conjunction with the laser displacement sensor and the servo motor to comprehensively monitor the overall centering of the template during sliding. The centerline monitoring device is arranged at the starting point of the preset path and the key position of the template sliding path. Through long-distance calibration of the centerline of the preset path and real-time monitoring of the template sliding status, a complete centering monitoring system is formed to ensure that the template always keeps consistent with the designed centerline during sliding. The centerline monitoring device combines the positioning mark on the preset path and the reference point on the template for offset analysis. When it is found that the offset exceeds the set threshold, the slip correction program is automatically triggered, and the offset data and correction status can be recorded in the central control module for subsequent analysis. The entire slip correction system ensures the accuracy of the template sliding trajectory through high-precision monitoring of the laser displacement sensor, rapid response of the servo motor and global calibration of the centerline monitoring device, avoiding template dislocation caused by preset path laying errors or external force interference during construction, and meeting the strict requirements of the tunnel drainage ditch continuous concrete pouring process for sliding accuracy.

[0088] The template has a built-in protective layer adjustment device, including:

[0089] Adjustment scale to set the thickness of the protective layer;

[0090] The threaded sliding device is used to adjust the scale position by rotation to adapt to different protective layer thicknesses.

[0091] The concrete vibrating system comprises:

[0092] High-frequency vibrating equipment is arranged along the inner wall of the formwork;

[0093] Vibration sensors to monitor vibration frequency and amplitude;

[0094] Vibration uniformity control system, used to adjust vibration parameters according to concrete density.

[0095] After disassembly, the template is cleaned and maintained in the following ways:

[0096] Use a high-pressure water gun or mechanical brush to clean the residue on the template surface;

[0097] Check the integrity of the template surface coating and re-spray the anti-stick coating if there is any wear;

[0098] Regularly check the dimensional accuracy and strength of the formwork, and repair or replace damaged formwork components.

[0099] Specifically, the high-frequency vibration equipment is evenly arranged along the inner wall of the template. The equipment consists of a plurality of vibrators. Each vibrator is fixed on the outer side of the template and at a position corresponding to the concrete contact surface by an independent support device. The vibrator adopts high-frequency vibration technology and has a wide range of vibration frequencies. The vibration frequency can be dynamically adjusted according to the slump, fluidity and cross-sectional size of the concrete to adapt to different working conditions. The layout position of the vibration equipment is optimized to ensure that the vibration energy is evenly distributed on the inner wall of the template to avoid the problem of uneven concrete density caused by vibration dead corners or over-vibration. At the same time, the vibration head of the vibration equipment is made of wear-resistant materials to withstand long-term vibration work and extend the service life. Secondly, the vibration sensor is arranged at a key position of each vibration equipment to monitor the vibration frequency and amplitude of the equipment in real time during the vibration process. The vibration sensor collects vibration signals and transmits data to the central control module to monitor whether the vibration meets the design parameter requirements. If the vibration frequency or amplitude deviates or is unstable, the sensor will trigger an alarm signal to prompt the operator to check or adjust. The vibration sensor can also capture the vibration propagation of the concrete in the template to determine the vibration coverage and compaction state of the concrete. Finally, the vibration sensor The uniformity control system works in conjunction with the vibration sensor and the vibrating equipment to adjust the vibration parameters in real time according to the density of the concrete. The system calculates whether the vibration energy needs to be increased or decreased in the current area by analyzing the vibration signal collected by the sensor and the density state data of the concrete in the template. If the concrete density in a certain area is insufficient, the system will automatically increase the vibration frequency of the corresponding vibrating equipment or extend the vibration time. If over-vibration is detected or the density requirement has been reached, the system will automatically reduce the vibration frequency or shut down the relevant equipment to avoid the adverse effects of over-vibration on the strength and surface quality of the concrete. The vibration uniformity control system is also equipped with a set of global optimization algorithms to distribute the workload of the vibrating equipment according to the cross-sectional shape of the template and the flow characteristics of the concrete to ensure that the vibration effect is uniform throughout the template. The system also has a data storage function that can record the key parameters of the vibration process for construction quality tracing and optimization. The entire concrete vibration system achieves high-density and high-quality vibration effects during concrete pouring through the effective arrangement of high-frequency vibrating equipment, precise monitoring of vibration sensors and intelligent adjustment of the vibration uniformity control system, meeting the strict requirements of the tunnel drainage ditch continuous concrete pouring process on pouring quality.

[0100] The monitoring and control system comprises:

[0101] Laser ranging system, used to monitor the cross-sectional dimensions within the template in real time;

[0102] Concrete fluidity monitoring system, used to monitor the concrete flow performance during the pouring process;

[0103] The data acquisition and feedback system is used to transmit monitoring data to the central control module and adjust the construction parameters in real time.

[0104] Specifically, the laser ranging system is arranged at multiple key positions of the template to monitor the molding accuracy of the cross-sectional dimensions in the template in real time. The system includes a laser transmitter, a reflective target and a data receiving and processing module. The laser transmitter scans along the cross-sectional contour of the template at a fixed point. The reflective target is set at a specific position inside the template to receive the laser beam and reflect the signal back to the receiving module. The receiving module accurately calculates the cross-sectional dimensions in the template by measuring the time difference between laser emission and reception. The ranging system has the characteristics of high precision and rapid response. It can dynamically capture the shape changes or deviations in the template during the casting process and transmit the measurement data to the central control module in real time. The ranging system also combines the built-in ruler or reference point data of the template to perform Automatic comparative analysis is performed. If the cross-sectional dimensions deviate or exceed the design allowable range, the system will issue an alarm signal and trigger the relevant adjustment program; secondly, the concrete fluidity monitoring system is used to monitor the concrete fluidity performance during the pouring process. The system consists of a pressure sensor, a flow rate monitoring device and a data analysis module. The pressure sensor is installed at key points inside the concrete delivery pipeline and the formwork to detect the pressure changes of the concrete during the delivery and pouring process. The flow rate monitoring device is set at the outlet of the delivery pump and the flow channel inside the formwork to measure the flow rate and distribution uniformity of the concrete. The system collects concrete pressure and flow rate data, and dynamically analyzes the slump and fluidity of the concrete in combination with the characteristics of the pouring area. Meet construction requirements; if it is detected that insufficient fluidity may cause uneven distribution of concrete, the system will automatically prompt to adjust the concrete mix ratio or the working parameters of the delivery pump to ensure that the concrete is evenly filled and dense in the template; finally, the data acquisition and feedback system is used to transmit the monitoring data collected by the laser ranging system and the concrete fluidity monitoring system to the central control module, and adjust the construction parameters in real time according to the construction situation. The system includes a sensor network, a data transmission module and a central control algorithm. The sensor network covers the key areas of the template and can collect multiple construction data such as cross-sectional dimensions, concrete fluidity, temperature and humidity. The data transmission module transmits the collected data to the central control module in a wireless or wired manner for real-time Processing, the central control module has a built-in intelligent algorithm, which can analyze and judge according to the received monitoring data and output adjustment instructions, such as adjusting the template sliding speed, adjusting the concrete vibration parameters or modifying the concrete delivery pressure; in addition, the data acquisition and feedback system is equipped with a data storage function, which can record all key parameters and adjustment records during the construction process for construction quality tracing and subsequent process optimization; the entire monitoring and control system constitutes a comprehensive and efficient construction quality assurance system through the high-precision cross-section monitoring of the laser ranging system, the dynamic performance analysis of the concrete fluidity monitoring system and the real-time adjustment function of the data acquisition and feedback system, which meets the requirements of accuracy and stability for the continuous concrete pouring process of the tunnel drainage ditch.

[0105] The template is a multifunctional embedded template that integrates the following functions:

[0106] Built-in laser positioning sensor for precise positioning of the template;

[0107] Vibration sensor network for real-time monitoring of formwork vibration effects;

[0108] Temperature and humidity sensors are used to monitor the construction environment around the formwork and provide feedback on construction parameters.

[0109] Specifically, the template is embedded with a laser positioning sensor, which is installed at multiple key points of the template and uses high-precision laser ranging technology for precise positioning of the template during sliding and assembly. The laser positioning sensor calculates the deviation between the template and the center line of the preset path and the designed position by emitting a laser beam and capturing the reflected signal. The positioning accuracy can reach the millimeter level to ensure that the template is in the correct position before pouring. The real-time monitoring data of the sensor is sent to the central control system through the wireless transmission module. If the positioning is offset, the system will issue a correction instruction in time and dynamically adjust the template position in combination with the servo control mechanism. The laser positioning sensor has anti-vibration and anti-interference capabilities and can work stably under vibration and dust conditions in the tunnel construction environment; secondly, the template integrates a vibration sensor network, which consists of multiple vibration sensors distributed on the inner wall of the template and the supporting structure, and is used to monitor the vibration effect of the template in real time. The vibration sensor detects the vibration frequency, amplitude and vibration uniformity transmitted to the template during concrete pouring to evaluate whether the vibration energy meets the design requirements. The networked sensor arrangement can capture vibration data in different areas of the template, thereby judging the working status of the vibration equipment and the density of the concrete. If the sensor detects that a certain template area is vibrated insufficiently or excessively, the system will automatically adjust the parameters of the vibration equipment, such as increasing the vibration frequency, extending the vibration time or redistributing the vibration energy, to ensure that the concrete is compacted and formed. In addition, the template is also embedded with a temperature and humidity sensor to monitor the construction environment conditions around the template and provide feedback on construction parameters. The sensor is arranged inside and outside the template. By real-time monitoring the temperature and humidity changes in the construction environment, it is evaluated whether the setting time and construction quality of the concrete are affected. The data collected by the temperature and humidity sensor is combined with the concrete status monitoring in the template to dynamically adjust the construction process, such as optimizing the concrete pouring speed, changing the vibration frequency or delaying the template sliding time to adapt to changes in environmental conditions. The entire multifunctional embedded template system forms an intelligent construction system integrating monitoring, feedback and automatic adjustment through the precise positioning function of the laser positioning sensor, the real-time vibration monitoring of the vibration sensor network and the environmental data feedback of the temperature and humidity sensor. The system improves the construction efficiency while ensuring the template position accuracy and concrete quality, meeting the requirements of the integrated continuous concrete pouring process of the tunnel drainage ditch for high-precision, high-quality and intelligent construction.

[0110] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The tunnel drainage ditch integrated continuous internal slipform concrete pouring process is characterized by: The following steps are involved: Construction preparation: clean up the construction area, mark the drainage ditch design line, check the template and equipment; Formwork assembly: modularly assemble the bottom form, side form and top form, and ensure tight assembly through joint notches and locking devices; Preset path layout: Lay the sliding preset path along the direction of the drainage ditch, fix the preset path and correct the center line position; Continuous concrete pouring: The concrete is poured continuously in sections through high-frequency vibrating equipment, and the fluidity and compactness are monitored during the vibration process; Formwork sliding: After a section of concrete pouring is completed, the formwork is slid along the preset path to the next construction section; Formwork disassembly and cleaning: After the concrete reaches the initial setting strength, the formwork is disassembled, the formwork surface is cleaned and recycled.

2. The tunnel drainage ditch integrated continuous internal sliding form concrete pouring process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The formwork system comprises a bottom form, a side form and a top form, and: The bottom mold includes a rigid frame with adjustable height; The side formwork comprises a double-layer structure, the inner layer is smooth for contacting with concrete, and the outer layer is provided with reinforcing ribs; The top mold includes a hinged structure with an adjustable angle to adapt to different cross-sectional shapes.

3. The tunnel drainage ditch integrated continuous internal sliding form concrete pouring process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The template modules are connected in the following ways: High-precision processed joint notches are used to ensure tight joints; The hydraulic locking device is used to automatically lock the splicing modules to prevent leakage or deviation.

4. The tunnel drainage ditch integrated continuous internal sliding form concrete pouring process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The preset path sliding system comprises: The preset path is laid along the direction of the drainage ditch, through the base plate, guide head, and pad position, and coordinated with laser positioning correction; A pulley device, mounted on the bottom of the template and in contact with the preset path; The electric sliding device is used to drive the template to move along the preset path.

5. The tunnel drainage ditch integrated continuous internal sliding form concrete pouring process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slip correction system includes (Bluetooth transmission): Laser displacement sensor, used to monitor the displacement of the template during sliding; A servo motor is used to automatically adjust the angle of the pulley block according to the offset; Centerline monitoring device to ensure that the template remains centered during sliding.

6. The tunnel drainage ditch integrated continuous internal sliding form concrete pouring process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The template has a built-in protective layer adjustment device, including: Adjustment scale to set the thickness of the protective layer; The threaded sliding device is used to adjust the scale position by rotation to adapt to different protective layer thicknesses.

7. The tunnel drainage ditch integrated continuous internal sliding form concrete pouring process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concrete vibrating system comprises: High-frequency vibrating equipment is arranged along the inner wall of the formwork; Vibration sensors to monitor vibration frequency and amplitude; Vibration uniformity control system, used to adjust vibration parameters according to concrete density.

8. The tunnel drainage ditch integrated continuous internal sliding form concrete pouring process according to claim 1, characterized in that: After disassembly, the template is cleaned and maintained in the following ways: Use a high-pressure water gun or mechanical brush to clean the residue on the template surface; Check the integrity of the template surface coating and re-spray the anti-stick coating if there is any wear; Regularly check the dimensional accuracy and strength of the formwork, and repair or replace damaged formwork components.

9. The tunnel drainage ditch integrated continuous internal sliding form concrete pouring process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring and control system includes (Bluetooth transmission): Laser ranging system, used to monitor the cross-sectional dimensions within the template in real time; Concrete fluidity monitoring system, used to monitor the concrete flow performance during the pouring process; The data acquisition and feedback system is used to transmit monitoring data to the central control module and adjust the construction parameters in real time.

10. The tunnel drainage ditch integrated continuous inner slipform concrete pouring process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The template is a multifunctional embedded template that integrates the following functions: Built-in laser positioning sensor for precise positioning of the template; Vibration sensor network for real-time monitoring of formwork vibration effects; Temperature and humidity sensors are used to monitor the construction environment around the formwork and provide feedback on construction parameters.

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