Intelligent energy-absorbing anchor rod and monitoring system having the same

Abstract

This invention discloses an intelligent energy-absorbing anchor bolt and a monitoring system thereon. The intelligent energy-absorbing anchor bolt includes an anchor head (110) and a rod body (120), and further includes: a first energy-absorbing component (130) disposed on the side of the rod body (120) away from the anchor head (110), comprising: a first tray (131) and a second tray (132) fixedly connected to the rod body (120), wherein the first tray (131) is configured to absorb the impact force caused by the deformation of the surrounding rock, and the second tray (132) is configured to transmit the pressure exerted by the deformation of the surrounding rock on the rod body (120); a sensing component (140) configured to sense parameters of rock instability; and a data acquisition component (150) coupled to the sensing component (140) and configured to receive sensing signals from the sensing component (140) and predict the safety of the surrounding rock based on the sensing signals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rock engineering equipment such as tunnels and mines, and particularly to an intelligent energy-absorbing anchor and a monitoring system incorporating it. Background Technology

[0002] High ground pressure and high ground temperature during the excavation of deeply buried tunnels seriously threaten the safety of underground construction and production. Under such complex rock mechanics conditions, some tunnels may experience large-scale stress concentration, leading to rock mass instability accidents such as spalling, roof collapse, rock bursts, and large deformations. Metal mines are hard rock deposits; after excavation, the previously uniformly distributed stress is released and redistributed, generating new secondary stress fields and forming new areas of concentrated stress. Furthermore, the inability to promptly grasp and process key parameters of the surrounding rock in the tunnels results in a failure to provide early warnings for potential rock bursts and other problems.

[0003] Based on the above problems, the current mainstream anchor bolt support methods usually employ high-strength anchor bolts and high-strength anchoring agents to improve their anchoring force, or add pressure relief devices to the anchor bolts to enhance their support capacity. However, these methods often suffer from high material costs, and many solutions lack specificity, with actual results often falling short of laboratory test results. Particularly in areas with high rockburst tendency, in addition to support requirements, there is a lack of timely acquisition and processing of key parameters. Personnel in the field typically use external sensors to monitor these parameters, which is costly in terms of both economy and manpower, and the acquisition methods are relatively limited, with little integration of intelligent energy-absorbing anchor bolts and monitoring and early warning systems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This solution addresses the problems and needs raised above by proposing an intelligent energy-absorbing anchor bolt. Due to the adoption of the following technical features, it can achieve the above technical objectives and bring about several other technical effects.

[0005] One object of the present invention is to provide an intelligent energy-absorbing anchor bolt, comprising an anchor head and a bolt body, and further comprising:

[0006] The first energy-absorbing component, disposed on the side of the rod away from the anchor head, includes: a first tray and a second tray fixedly connected to the rod, wherein the first tray is configured to absorb the impact force caused by the deformation of the surrounding rock, and the second tray is configured to transmit the pressure exerted on the rod by the deformation of the surrounding rock.

[0007] A sensing component configured to sense parameters of rock mass instability;

[0008] A data acquisition component, coupled to the sensing component, is configured to receive sensing signals from the sensing component and predict the safety of the surrounding rock based on the sensing signals;

[0009] The sensing component includes:

[0010] A pressure sensor is configured to record and monitor the stress information of the anchor bolt and the surrounding rock, and to transmit the stress information of the anchor bolt and the surrounding rock to the data acquisition component;

[0011] A displacement sensor is configured to monitor minute displacement information of the anchor bolt and surrounding rock, and transmit the displacement information of the anchor bolt and surrounding rock to the data acquisition component;

[0012] A micro-vibration sensor is configured to monitor the fracture information of the anchor bolt and the surrounding rock, and transmit the fracture information of the anchor bolt and the surrounding rock to the data acquisition component.

[0013] In addition, the smart energy-absorbing anchor bolt according to the present invention may also have the following technical features:

[0014] In one example of the invention, the outer diameter of the first tray is smaller than the outer diameter of the second tray, and the first tray and the second tray are arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the rod, wherein the first tray is located on the side closer to the anchor head.

[0015] In one example of the present invention, the first tray and the second tray are respectively provided with a first mounting hole and a second mounting hole;

[0016] The rod body passes through the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole;

[0017] When the anchor bolt is installed in the borehole, the side of the first energy-absorbing component near the anchor head abuts against the outer wall of the borehole, and the side of the first energy-absorbing component away from the anchor head is provided with fasteners, configured to fix the first tray and the second tray.

[0018] In one example of the present invention, the first tray is an elastic energy absorber configured to absorb the impact force caused by the deformation of the surrounding rock, so as to reduce the impact of the deformation of the surrounding rock on the anchor bolt.

[0019] In one example of the present invention, the first tray includes:

[0020] The shell defines an internal cavity;

[0021] An elastic support member is arranged in the receiving cavity in the transverse direction, with one end abutting against the first end face and the other end abutting against the second end face.

[0022] A porous medium is filled into the cavity.

[0023] In one example of the invention, a second energy-absorbing component is further included, which is installed on the side of the rod body near the anchor head. The second energy-absorbing component is a decoupling material component configured to absorb and disperse stress concentration caused by deformation of the surrounding rock.

[0024] In one example of the present invention, the second energy-absorbing component includes:

[0025] A polymer layer, covering the outside of the rod, is configured to provide decoupling, abrasion resistance, and corrosion resistance to the rod.

[0026] In one example of the invention, the stiffness of the second energy-absorbing component gradually decreases from the side closer to the anchor head toward the side away from the anchor head.

[0027] In one example of the present invention, the sensing component further includes:

[0028] A sleeve is fitted onto the outside of the rod and detachably connected to the rod, wherein the micro-vibration sensor, the displacement sensor, and the pressure sensor are all installed inside the sleeve.

[0029] Another object of the present invention is to provide a monitoring system for mine roadways, including the intelligent energy-absorbing anchor bolts as described above, wherein the intelligent energy-absorbing anchor bolts are arranged in an array along the circumferential and extensional directions of the mine roadway.

[0030] The preferred embodiments of the invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so as to facilitate an understanding of the features and advantages of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below. The drawings are merely illustrative of some embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to all embodiments.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an intelligent energy-absorbing anchor bolt according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a smart energy-absorbing anchor bolt installed in a borehole according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first tray according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second tray according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] List of reference numerals in the attached diagram:

[0037] 100 intelligent energy-absorbing anchor bolts;

[0038] Anchor head 110;

[0039] Rod body 120;

[0040] First energy-absorbing component 130;

[0041] First tray 131;

[0042] Casing 1311;

[0043] First end face 13111;

[0044] Second end face 13112;

[0045] Receiving cavity 13113;

[0046] First mounting hole 13114;

[0047] Elastic support component 1312;

[0048] Porous media 1313;

[0049] Second tray 132;

[0050] Metal material component 1321;

[0051] Second mounting hole 13211;

[0052] Polymer material component 1322;

[0053] Fastener 133;

[0054] Sensing component 140;

[0055] Pressure sensor 141;

[0056] Displacement sensor 142;

[0057] Micro-vibration sensor 143;

[0058] Sleeve 144;

[0059] Data acquisition component 150;

[0060] Data acquisition device 151;

[0061] Second energy-absorbing component 160;

[0062] Polymer layer 161;

[0063] Drill 200;

[0064] 210 lateral wall. Detailed Implementation

[0065] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings represent the same components. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0066] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this patent application specification and claims do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, “an” or “a” and similar terms do not necessarily indicate a quantity limitation. Terms such as “comprising” or “including” mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the element or object listed following the word and its equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as “connected” or “linked” are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as “upper,” “lower,” “left,” and “right” are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; these relative positional relationships may change accordingly when the absolute position of the described object changes.

[0067] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a smart energy-absorbing anchor 100, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes an anchor head 110 and a rod body 120, and also includes:

[0068] The first energy-absorbing component 130 is disposed on the side of the rod 120 away from the anchor head 110, and includes: a first tray 131 and a second tray 132 fixedly connected to the rod 120, wherein the first tray 131 is configured to absorb the impact force caused by the deformation of the surrounding rock, and the second tray 132 is configured to transmit the pressure exerted by the deformation of the surrounding rock on the rod 120.

[0069] Sensing component 140, configured to sense parameters of rock mass instability;

[0070] A data acquisition component 150, coupled to the sensing component 140, is configured to receive sensing signals from the sensing component 140 and predict the safety of the surrounding rock based on the sensing signals. Specifically, the data acquisition component 140 includes a data collector 151, which receives the sensing signals and processes them to predict the safety of the surrounding rock.

[0071] The sensing component 140 includes:

[0072] Pressure sensor 141 is configured to record and monitor the stress information of the anchor bolt and surrounding rock, and transmit the stress information of the anchor bolt and surrounding rock to the data acquisition component 150;

[0073] Displacement sensor 142 is configured to monitor minute displacement information of anchor bolt and surrounding rock, and transmit the displacement information of anchor bolt and surrounding rock to data acquisition component 150;

[0074] The micro-vibration sensor 143 is configured to monitor the fracture information of the anchor bolt and the surrounding rock, and transmit the fracture information of the anchor bolt and the surrounding rock to the data acquisition component 150.

[0075] The intelligent energy-absorbing anchor rod 100 is fixedly connected to the borehole 200 in the surrounding rock. When the surrounding rock deforms and generates impact force, the first tray 131 of the first energy-absorbing component 130 absorbs the impact force from the deformation, and the second tray 132 transmits the pressure exerted by the deformation on the rod body 120. After the first tray 131 finishes absorbing energy, the rod body 120, covered with decoupling material, performs a second energy absorption, absorbing and dispersing the stress caused by the deformation of the surrounding rock. At the same time, the pressure sensor 141, displacement sensor 142, and micro-vibration sensor 143 located on the rod body 120 respectively sense the force, displacement, and vibration information of the unstable surrounding rock and transmit them to the data acquisition component 150. The data acquisition component 150 establishes a data analysis model based on the sensed signals and performs real-time analysis and evaluation of the monitoring data. Through data comparison and analysis, the stability of the surrounding rock is assessed and early warning is provided to ensure timely response to changes in the surrounding rock.

[0076] In one example of the present invention, the outer diameter of the first tray 131 is smaller than the outer diameter of the second tray 132, and the first tray 131 and the second tray 132 are arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the rod 120, wherein the first tray 131 is located on the side closer to the anchor head 110.

[0077] In short, when the local stress changes and the surrounding rock of the tunnel is damaged, the first tray 131 and the second tray 132 at the tail end of the rod 120 first come into contact. Due to the properties of the material, the first tray 131 absorbs the compressive stress of the surrounding rock of the tunnel for the first time.

[0078] In other words, the side of the first tray 131 near the anchor head 110 abuts against the outer wall 210 of the borehole 200, and the second tray 132 is connected to the side of the first tray 131 away from the anchor head 110. When the surrounding rock around the borehole 200 deforms, the first tray 131 comes into contact with the surrounding rock first, which can absorb the impact force brought by the deformation of the surrounding rock and withstand large displacement and deformation, so as to reduce the impact of the deformation of the surrounding rock on the anchor rod and thus extend the service life of the anchor rod. The second tray 132 can increase the structural stability and durability to withstand the high stress and impact pressure when the anchor rod is under force.

[0079] In one example of the present invention, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first tray 131 and the second tray 132 are respectively provided with a first mounting hole 13114 and a second mounting hole 13211;

[0080] The rod 120 passes through the first mounting hole 13114 and the second mounting hole 13211;

[0081] When the anchor is installed in the borehole 200, the side of the first energy-absorbing component 130 near the anchor head 110 abuts against the outer wall 210 of the borehole 200. The side of the first energy-absorbing component 130 away from the anchor head 110 is provided with a fastener 133, which is configured to fix the first tray 131 and the second tray 132.

[0082] In short, after the anchor rod located in the borehole 200 is fixed, since the first energy-absorbing component 130 is located outside the borehole, by setting the fastener 133 (for example, the nut is threaded onto the outer peripheral wall of the rod body 120), the tightness between the first energy-absorbing component 130 and the outer wall 210 of the borehole 200 can be adjusted by tightening the fastener 133, so that the first energy-absorbing component 130 can better abut against the outer wall 210 of the borehole 200.

[0083] In one example of the present invention, the first tray 131 is an elastic energy absorber configured to absorb the impact force caused by the deformation of the surrounding rock, so as to reduce the impact of the deformation of the surrounding rock on the anchor bolt; the second tray 132 is assembled from polymer material element 1322 and metal material element 1321.

[0084] Since the first tray 131 is made of elastic material, it can absorb the impact force brought about by the deformation of the surrounding rock and withstand large displacement and deformation, so as to reduce the impact of the deformation of the surrounding rock on the anchor bolt and thus extend the service life of the anchor bolt; while the second tray 132 is made of rigid material, which can increase the structural stability and durability to withstand the high stress and impact pressure when the anchor bolt is under force.

[0085] In one example of the present invention, such as Figure 3As shown, the first tray 131 includes:

[0086] The housing 1311 defines an internal receiving cavity 13113;

[0087] The elastic support 1312 is arranged in the receiving cavity 13113 in the transverse direction, with one end abutting against the first end face 13111 and the other end abutting against the second end face 13112.

[0088] Porous medium 1313 is filled into the receiving cavity 13113;

[0089] The elastic support 1312 provided in the cavity 13113 can provide support and enable the shell 1311 to have an elastic buffering effect. The first end face 13111 abuts against the outer wall, and the second end face 13112 abuts against the second tray. The porous medium 1313 can further enhance the buffering effect of the first tray.

[0090] For example, the housing 1311 can be a plastic part, and its interior contains an elastic support 1312 which can be a spring, and a porous medium 1313 which can be a sponge.

[0091] In one example of the present invention, such as Figure 4 As shown, the second tray 132 includes:

[0092] The metal material element 1321 and the polymer material element 1322 are formed by injection molding by attaching polymer material to the metal material element 1321; wherein, the metal material element 1321 is the skeleton structure of the second tray 132, and the polymer material element 1322 is formed on the metal material element 1321, which can make the second tray 132 have a certain rigidity, which can increase the structural stability and durability to withstand the high stress and impact pressure when the anchor is under force.

[0093] Of course, this invention is not limited to this; the second tray 132 can also be made of metal or plastic. Non-ferrous metal anchor trays are currently a widely used anchor fixing device. Commonly used metal materials include steel, copper, and aluminum, with the following characteristics: 1. Steel: High hardness, high strength, and high reliability. 2. Pure copper: Good electrical and thermal conductivity, strong corrosion resistance, suitable for humid environments. 3. Aluminum alloy: Lightweight, high strength, corrosion resistant, recyclable, but relatively expensive. Plastic anchor trays are a relatively new type of anchor fixing device. Commonly used materials include polyester resin, polyurethane, and wear-resistant plastics. Suitable for special environments, they have the following characteristics: 1. Strong wear resistance, anti-aging, high temperature resistance, good corrosion resistance, and long-term use. 2. Lightweight and easy to install. 3. Relatively low price. Regarding other materials for anchor trays: In addition to the above non-ferrous metal and plastic materials, there are many other materials for anchor trays, such as rubber, silicone rubber, and polyimide. However, due to their special physical properties, their practical applications are relatively limited. In summary, the selection of anchor bolt tray materials requires consideration of many factors, such as the usage environment, anchor bolt diameter, and load-bearing capacity. Only by selecting appropriate materials can the stability and reliability of the anchor bolts be guaranteed.

[0094] In one example of the present invention, a plurality of protrusions are formed on one end face of the first tray 131 near the anchor head 110, and the plurality of protrusions are arranged in an array on the end face of the first tray 131;

[0095] By providing a protruding structure on the end face of the first tray 131, the friction between it and the outer wall 210 of the borehole 200 can be increased, the contact area with the surrounding rock can be increased, and the force applied to the deformation of the surrounding rock can be transmitted to the anchor bolt more evenly.

[0096] In one example of the invention, it further includes: a second energy-absorbing component 160, which is installed on the side of the rod 120 near the anchor head 110, the second energy-absorbing component 160 being a decoupling material component configured to absorb and disperse stress concentration caused by deformation of the surrounding rock;

[0097] When the local stress changes and the surrounding rock of the tunnel is damaged, the first tray 131 and the second tray 132 at the tail end of the rod 120 first come into contact with the surrounding rock. After the first tray 131 finishes absorbing energy, the rod 120 covered with decoupling material then absorbs energy a second time, absorbing and dispersing the stress caused by the deformation of the surrounding rock.

[0098] In one example of the present invention, the second energy-absorbing component 160 includes:

[0099] A polymer layer 161, covering the outer side of the rod 120, is configured to provide decoupling, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance to the rod 120; the second energy-absorbing component 160 with the above structure can be used to absorb and disperse stress caused by deformation of the surrounding rock. For example, the polymer layer 161 is made of thermoplastic material or high-strength adhesive tape.

[0100] In one example of the present invention, the hardness of the second energy-absorbing component 160 gradually decreases from the side closer to the anchor head 110 toward the side away from the anchor head 110.

[0101] In other words, the second energy-absorbing component 160 is a multi-layered structure made of polymer and rubber, with the hardness gradually decreasing from the side closer to the anchor head 110 toward the side away from the anchor head 110. This structure can gradually absorb and disperse the stress caused by the deformation of the surrounding rock.

[0102] In one example of the present invention, the sensing component 140 further includes:

[0103] A sleeve 144 is sleeved on the outside of the rod 120 and detachably connected to the rod 120, wherein the micro-vibration sensor 143, the displacement sensor 142 and the pressure sensor 141 are all installed inside the sleeve 144;

[0104] The sleeve 144 can protect the micro-vibration sensor 143, displacement sensor 142 and pressure sensor 141.

[0105] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a monitoring system for a mine roadway includes an intelligent energy-absorbing anchor 100 as described above, wherein the intelligent energy-absorbing anchor 100 is arranged in an array along the circumferential and extensional directions of the mine roadway.

[0106] By arranging multiple intelligent energy-absorbing anchor bolts 100 in the roadway, the roadway can be effectively monitored. The entire anchor bolt support process has the functions of wave damping and buffering, and two-stage energy absorption. It can also form a group of anchor bolts for overall joint support, forming multiple functions such as effective monitoring and early warning.

[0107] The foregoing description of the exemplary embodiments of the intelligent energy-absorbing anchor 100 proposed in this invention has been detailed with reference to preferred embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and alterations can be made to the above specific embodiments without departing from the concept of this invention, and various combinations can be made to the various technical features and structures proposed in this invention without exceeding the protection scope of this invention, which is determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A smart energy-absorbing anchor bolt, comprising an anchor head (110) and a bolt body (120), characterized in that, Also includes: A first energy-absorbing component (130) is disposed on the side of the rod (120) away from the anchor head (110), comprising: a first tray (131) and a second tray (132) fixedly connected to the rod (120), wherein the first tray (131) is configured to absorb the impact force caused by the deformation of the surrounding rock, and the second tray (132) is configured to transmit the pressure exerted by the deformation of the surrounding rock on the rod (120); the outer diameter of the first tray (131) is smaller than the outer diameter of the second tray (132), and the first tray (131) and the second tray (132) are arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the rod (120), wherein the first tray (131) is closer to the anchor head (110); a first mounting hole (13114) and a second mounting hole (13211) are respectively provided on the first tray (131) and the second tray (13211); the rod (120) passes through the first mounting hole (13114) and the second tray (132111). Two mounting holes (13211); when the anchor rod is installed in the borehole (200), the side of the first energy-absorbing component (130) near the anchor head (110) abuts against the outer wall (210) of the borehole (200), and a fastener (133) is provided on the side of the first energy-absorbing component (130) away from the anchor head (110), configured to fix the first tray (131) and the second tray (132); the first tray (131) is an elastic energy-absorbing component, configured to be able to The first tray (131) absorbs the impact force caused by the deformation of the surrounding rock to reduce the impact of the deformation on the anchor bolt; the first tray (131) includes: a shell (1311) that defines a receiving cavity (13113); an elastic support (1312) arranged in the receiving cavity (13113) in the transverse direction, with one end abutting against the first end face (13111) and the other end abutting against the second end face (13112); and a porous medium (1313) that fills the receiving cavity (13113); A sensing component (140) configured to sense parameters of rock mass instability; A data acquisition component (150), coupled to the sensing component (140), is configured to receive sensing signals from the sensing component (140) and predict the safety of the surrounding rock based on the sensing signals; The second energy-absorbing component (160) is installed on the side of the rod (120) near the anchor head (110). The second energy-absorbing component (160) is a decoupling material component configured to absorb and disperse stress concentration caused by deformation of the surrounding rock. The hardness of the second energy-absorbing component (160) gradually decreases from the side near the anchor head (110) toward the side away from the anchor head (110). The sensing component (140) includes: A pressure sensor (141) is configured to record and monitor the stress information of the anchor bolt and the surrounding rock, and transmit the stress information of the anchor bolt and the surrounding rock to the data acquisition component (150). The displacement sensor (142) is configured to monitor minute displacement information of the anchor bolt and the surrounding rock, and transmit the displacement information of the anchor bolt and the surrounding rock to the data acquisition component (150). The microseismic sensor (143) is configured to monitor the fracture information of the anchor bolt and the surrounding rock, and transmit the fracture information of the anchor bolt and the surrounding rock to the data acquisition component (150).

2. The intelligent energy-absorbing anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second energy-absorbing component (160) includes: A polymer layer (161) is wrapped around the outside of the rod (120) and configured to provide decoupling, wear resistance and corrosion resistance to the rod (120).

3. The intelligent energy-absorbing anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensing component (140) also includes: A sleeve (144) is fitted on the outside of the rod (120) and detachably connected to the rod (120), wherein the micro-vibration sensor (143), the displacement sensor (142) and the pressure sensor (141) are all installed inside the sleeve (144).

4. A monitoring system for mine roadways, characterized in that, Includes the intelligent energy-absorbing anchor (100) as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 above, wherein the intelligent energy-absorbing anchor (100) is arranged in an array along the circumferential and extensional directions of the mine roadway.

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