High-speed rail roadbed deformation monitoring equipment and monitoring method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of monitoring, in particular to high-speed rail roadbed deformation monitoring equipment and method.The high-speed rail roadbed deformation monitoring equipment comprises a monitoring assembly, the monitoring assembly comprises a shell of a hollow structure, and the two sides of the shell are each provided with a connector pipe and communicate with a communicating hose; a connecting column movably penetrates through the middle part of the mounting seat, and the two ends of the connecting column are fixedly connected with the two sealing plugs respectively; an adjusting assembly for adjusting the position of the connecting column is arranged in the mounting seat; the device has the beneficial effects that the plurality of monitoring assemblies distributed at equal intervals are arranged in the length direction of the high-speed rail track, every two adjacent monitoring assemblies communicate with each other through the corresponding communicating hose, and the initial height positions of the monitoring assemblies are consistent; whether the roadbed in the area where the monitoring assembly is located is inclined or not can be known by monitoring the pressure difference of liquid in the communicating hoses on the two sides, and whether the roadbed in the area is deformed and settled or not can be accurately judged by combining data monitored by the adjacent monitoring assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of monitoring technology, and in particular to a high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device and a monitoring method. Background Art

[0002] The settlement of high-speed railway subgrade structure is also called ground roadbed structure subsidence or ground subsidence. It is a local downward movement caused by the consolidation and compression of loose underground strata, which leads to a lowering of the crust surface elevation.

[0003] In the prior art, a Chinese invention with publication number CN112663419B discloses a method for monitoring the settlement and deformation of an unsaturated soil roadbed of a high-speed railway, which mainly monitors the pressure in a monitoring pipe through a pressure sensor to determine whether the pipe is deformed and thus whether the roadbed has settled.

[0004] However, at present, traditional monitoring equipment is only installed in a local area of ​​the high-speed railway subgrade. When the subgrade in the local area deforms and settles synchronously, since all the structures inside the monitoring equipment move downward, the relative positions of the various components of the monitoring equipment do not change, and the deformation of the subgrade cannot be accurately monitored. Therefore, the present invention proposes a high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device and a monitoring method to solve the above problem. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device and a monitoring method to solve the problem in the above background technology that the monitoring device cannot accurately monitor when the subgrade in the area where the monitoring device is located simultaneously sinks.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device, comprising:

[0007] A monitoring component, the monitoring component comprises a hollow structure shell, both sides of the shell are provided with interface pipes and connected with a connecting hose, a mounting seat is fixed in the middle of the inner cavity of the shell, both sides of the mounting seat are provided with sealing baffles, a sealing plug is movably penetrated in the middle of the sealing baffle, a connecting column is movably penetrated in the middle of the mounting seat, and both ends of the connecting column are fixedly connected with two sealing plugs respectively;

[0008] A pressure sensor is arranged between the sealing plug and the mounting seat, an adjusting component for adjusting the position of the connecting column is arranged inside the mounting seat, and an adjusting knob for driving the adjusting component to work is arranged on the outer side of the housing.

[0009] Preferably, the sealing baffle is fixed and sealed to the inner wall of the shell, a sealing gasket is provided at the connection between the sealing plug and the sealing baffle, and two connecting columns are provided and symmetrically distributed at both ends of the mounting seat.

[0010] Preferably, a mounting groove is provided inside the mounting seat, a strip plate is slidably installed in the inner cavity of the mounting groove, a tooth plate is fixed to one side of the strip plate, a driving ring is movablely sleeved in the middle of the connecting column, a tooth groove is provided on the surface of the driving ring, and it meshes with the tooth plate for transmission.

[0011] Preferably, the driving collar is rotatably mounted in the inner cavity of the mounting groove, and the widths of the two are consistent. A threaded groove is provided on the middle surface of the connecting column and is threadedly connected to the driving collar.

[0012] Preferably, one end of the mounting seat is provided with a limiting slide groove connected to the inner cavity of the mounting groove, and a limiting slide plate matching with it is slidably installed in the inner cavity of the limiting slide groove, and the cross-section of the limiting slide plate is square, and a connecting spring is fixed to one side of the limiting slide plate, and one end of the connecting spring is fixedly connected to one end of the strip plate.

[0013] Preferably, an adjusting screw is fixed to the other side of the limiting slide, an adjusting screw sleeve is fixed to one end of the adjusting knob, a surface fixing sleeve of the adjusting screw sleeve is provided with a limiting ring, and the adjusting screw sleeve is rotatably installed on the side wall of the outer shell, and the adjusting screw sleeve is arranged on the outside of the adjusting screw through a threaded sleeve.

[0014] Preferably, a base for installing the pressure sensor is fixed in the middle of both side surfaces of the mounting seat, a through slot is penetrated through the end of the mounting seat, and an inner flange is fixed to the inner wall of the through slot, a circuit board is fixed to one side of the inner flange by screws, and the wires on the pressure sensor pass through the inner cavity of the mounting slot, enter the inner cavity of the through slot and are electrically connected to the circuit board.

[0015] Preferably, an anti-deflection collar is fixedly connected to the side of the mounting seat, and the anti-deflection collar is movably sleeved on the outside of the connecting column, and the length of the anti-deflection collar is smaller than the distance between the sealing partition and the mounting seat.

[0016] Preferably, fixing studs are fixedly provided on both sides of the shell, an opening is provided on the front side of the shell, and a cover is fixedly provided at the opening by screws, and the middle part of the cover is concave, and a transparent window is provided at the concave part.

[0017] A monitoring method according to the above-mentioned high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device specifically comprises the following steps:

[0018] Step 1: Install multiple monitoring components inside the roadbed at equal intervals along the length direction of the high-speed railway roadbed. Multiple monitoring components are located at the same horizontal height. Two adjacent monitoring components are connected through a connecting hose. The two connecting hoses on both sides of the monitoring components are connected to the inner cavities on both sides of the shell respectively, and the middle inner cavity of the shell remains relatively independent;

[0019] Step 2: Multiple connecting hoses form a connecting pipeline, a water storage tank is set at one end of the pipeline, the inner cavity of the water storage tank stores a proper amount of liquid, and the liquid in the water storage tank is injected into the inner cavity of each connecting hose;

[0020] Step 3: Initially, the heights of the multiple monitoring components are consistent, the monitoring components measure the initial hydraulic pressure inside the connecting hose, and the initial hydraulic pressure is consistent, and the pressure difference on both sides of the monitoring components is zero;

[0021] Step 4. When deformation and settlement occur locally on the roadbed, the monitoring components at the lowest settlement point measure that the hydraulic readings inside the connecting hoses on both sides increase, and the pressure difference on both sides remains zero. The connecting hoses between the lowest settlement point and the nearest non-settlement point are all tilted. Therefore, the monitoring components in this section measure that the hydraulic pressures inside the connecting hoses on both sides are different, and the pressure difference reflects the degree of tilt at this location. The hydraulic and pressure difference data monitored by multiple monitoring components are imported into the computer, and a schematic diagram of the roadbed settlement is drawn for the staff to view intuitively.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The present invention arranges a plurality of monitoring components with equal intervals along the length direction of the high-speed railway track. Two adjacent monitoring components are connected by a connecting hose. The initial height positions of the monitoring components are consistent. The hydraulic pressures in the connecting hoses on both sides of the monitoring components are consistent. The spans of the plurality of monitoring components are relatively large. When the roadbed in the area where a certain monitoring component is located deforms and settles, the height of the monitoring component decreases, and the hydraulic pressures in the connecting hoses on both sides thereof change accordingly. By monitoring the hydraulic pressures in the connecting hoses on both sides of the monitoring component, it is possible to know whether the roadbed in the area where the monitoring component is located has settled. By monitoring the pressure difference of the liquid in the connecting hoses on both sides of the monitoring component, it is possible to know whether the roadbed in the area where the monitoring component is located is tilted. Combined with the data monitored by adjacent monitoring components, it is possible to accurately judge whether the roadbed in the area has deformed and settled. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of roadbed settlement after the installation of the device;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the monitoring component structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the interior of the housing structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 It is an exploded schematic diagram of the mounting seat and sealing plug structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the interior of the mounting seat structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the drive collar and the connecting column structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is an exploded schematic diagram of the adjusting knob and strip plate structure of the present invention.

[0031] In the figure: 1. water tank; 2. connecting hose; 3. monitoring component; 31. housing; 32. interface pipe; 33. fixing stud; 34. cover; 4. mounting seat; 41. mounting groove; 411. strip plate; 412. tooth plate; 42. drive collar; 43. through groove; 431. inner flange; 44. base; 45. anti-bias collar; 46. limiting slide groove; 461. limiting slide plate; 462. connecting spring; 463. adjusting screw; 5. sealing partition; 6. sealing plug; 61. connecting column; 62. threaded groove; 7. pressure sensor; 8. circuit board; 9. adjusting knob; 91. adjusting screw sleeve; 92. limiting collar. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the purpose and technical solution of the present invention clearly and completely described, and the advantages more clearly understood, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments, and are only used to explain the embodiments of the present invention, and are not used to limit the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] See also Figures 1 to 7 , the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0034] Embodiment 1, a high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device, includes: a monitoring component 3.

[0035] Specifically, the monitoring component 3 includes a hollow structure shell 31, both sides of the shell 31 are provided with interface pipes 32, and are connected with a connecting hose 2, a mounting seat 4 is fixed in the middle of the inner cavity of the shell 31, and both sides of the mounting seat 4 are provided with sealing partitions 5, and the two sealing partitions 5 divide the inner cavity of the shell 31 into three small compartments, wherein the inner cavities on both sides of the shell 31 are respectively connected with the connecting hoses 2 on both sides, and the inner cavity in the middle of the shell 31 is relatively independent, and a sealing plug 6 is movably provided in the middle of the sealing partition 5, and a connecting column 61 is movably provided in the middle of the mounting seat 4, and the two ends of the connecting column 61 are respectively fixedly connected with the two sealing plugs 6, such as Figure 3 As shown, the connecting column 61 can move along its own length direction, thereby changing the distance between the sealing plug 6 and the mounting seat 4. When the hydraulic pressure in the inner cavity of the connecting hose 2 on both sides of the monitoring component 3 is different, the two sealing plugs 6 will be synchronously offset in the same direction;

[0036] Secondly, a pressure sensor 7 is arranged between the sealing plug 6 and the mounting seat 4, such as Figure 3 As shown, two pressure sensors 7 are provided for monitoring the pressure of the two sealing plugs 6 respectively. Since the pressure sensor 7 is blocked between the mounting seat 4 and the sealing plug 6, the sealing plug 6 cannot be displaced when the side is subjected to pressure, but only has a tendency to be displaced. That is to say, the two pressure sensors 7 can respectively monitor the hydraulic pressure inside the communicating hose 2 on both sides of the monitoring component 3 in real time. Figure 1 As shown, when the device is in use, multiple monitoring components 3 are arranged to be evenly spaced along the length direction of the roadbed, and two adjacent monitoring components 3 are connected by a connecting hose 2. The initial height positions of the multiple monitoring components 3 are the same. At this time, the two pressure sensors 7 inside the monitoring component 3 respectively monitor the same hydraulic pressure in the inner cavity of the connecting hose 2 on both sides of the monitoring component 3, which is the initial pressure, and the pressure difference is zero. If the roadbed settles, the position of the monitoring component 3 in the settlement area moves downward, and the connecting hose 2 connected thereto is in an inclined state. Since the internal pressure of the liquid is only related to its depth position, the hydraulic pressure on both sides of the monitoring component 3 at the lowest point of the settlement area is increased compared with the initial hydraulic pressure, but the pressure difference is still zero, while the hydraulic pressure on both sides of the monitoring component 3 in the settlement inclination area is different, and the pressure difference on both sides reflects the inclination degree of the settlement at this position. Therefore, by combining the monitoring data of multiple monitoring components 3 and importing the data into a computer for processing, a settlement schematic diagram of the roadbed can be drawn, thereby intuitively reflecting the settlement condition of the roadbed;

[0037] An adjustment component for adjusting the position of the connecting column 61 is arranged inside the mounting base 4, and an adjustment knob 9 for driving the adjustment component is arranged on the outside of the housing 31. The adjustment component is mainly used to adjust the hydraulic pressure initially monitored by the monitoring component 3 to ensure that when multiple monitoring components 3 are at the same height, the initial hydraulic pressure monitored by the pressure sensor 7 is consistent.

[0038] In order to prevent the sealing plug 6 from tilting, the sealing baffle 5 of the present application is fixed and sealed to the inner wall of the outer shell 31. Therefore, the liquid in the inner cavity of the connecting hose 2 can only enter the side inner cavity of the monitoring component 3, and will not enter between the two sealing baffles 5, thereby preventing the pressure sensor 7 from being damaged by water. A sealing gasket is provided at the connection between the sealing plug 6 and the sealing baffle 5 to improve the sealing between the two. Two connecting columns 61 are provided and are symmetrically distributed at both ends of the mounting seat 4 to ensure that the sealing plug 6 itself is in a stable position and will not tilt.

[0039] In order to adjust the position of the connecting column 61, the present application also has a mounting groove 41 opened inside the mounting seat 4, a strip plate 411 is slidably installed in the inner cavity of the mounting groove 41, a tooth plate 412 is fixed on one side of the strip plate 411, and a driving ring 42 is movably sleeved in the middle of the connecting column 61. The driving ring 42 has a tooth groove on its surface and is meshed with the tooth plate 412 for transmission. Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, when the strip plate 411 slides along its own length direction, the tooth plate 412 can drive the driving collar 42 to rotate accordingly. Secondly, the driving collar 42 is rotatably installed in the inner cavity of the installation groove 41, and the widths of the two are the same. Therefore, the driving collar 42 can only rotate on the outside of the connecting column 61, and cannot be displaced along the length direction of the connecting column 61. A threaded groove 62 is provided on the middle surface of the connecting column 61 and is threadedly connected to the driving collar 42. When the strip plate 411 drives the driving collar 42 to rotate, the driving collar 42 can drive the connecting column 61 to move along its own length direction through the thread, thereby being able to adjust the pressure generated by the two sealing plugs 6 between the two pressure sensors 7 respectively. In the initial state after the installation of the device, the pressure values ​​monitored by the pressure sensors 7 on both sides of the adjustment mounting seat 4 are kept consistent, that is, in the initial state, the monitoring component 3 of the device monitors the liquid pressure difference on both sides as zero.

[0040] In order to control the movement of the strip plate 411, the present application also has a limiting slide groove 46 connected to the inner cavity of the mounting groove 41 at one end of the mounting seat 4, and the inner cavity of the limiting slide groove 46 is slidably installed with a matching limiting slide plate 461, and the cross-section of the limiting slide plate 461 is square, and the limiting slide plate 461 can only slide in the inner cavity of the limiting slide groove 46 but cannot rotate. A connecting spring 462 is fixed to one side of the limiting slide plate 461, and one end of the connecting spring 462 is fixedly connected to one end of the strip plate 411. When the position of the limiting slide plate 461 moves, the degree of compression (or stretching) of the connecting spring 462 changes. At this time, the thrust (or pulling force) applied to the strip plate 411 changes accordingly. Therefore, the strip plate 411 has a tendency to slide, thereby being able to drive the connecting column 61 to have a tendency to move.

[0041] In order to adjust the elastic force of the connecting spring 462, the present application also has an adjusting screw 463 fixed on the other side of the limiting slide 461, an adjusting screw sleeve 91 fixed on one end of the adjusting knob 9, a limiting collar 92 is fixed on the surface of the adjusting screw sleeve 91, and the adjusting screw sleeve 91 is rotatably mounted on the side wall of the housing 31, and the adjusting screw sleeve 91 is threadedly sleeved on the outer side of the adjusting screw 463, combined with Figure 7 and Figure 4It can be known that the adjusting knob 9 and the adjusting sleeve 91 can only rotate by themselves and will not displace along their own length directions. Therefore, when the staff twists the adjusting knob 9 from the outside of the housing 31, the adjusting sleeve 91 can drive the adjusting screw rod 463 to move through the thread, so as to adjust the elastic force of the connecting spring 462.

[0042] In order to collect the monitoring data of the pressure sensor 7, the present application also has bases 44 for installing the pressure sensor 7 fixed in the middle of both side surfaces of the mounting seat 4. The pressure sensor 7 can be fixed to the base 44 by screws. A through groove 43 is formed through the end of the mounting seat 4, and an inner flange 431 is fixed to the inner side wall of the through groove 43. A circuit board 8 is fixed to one side surface of the inner flange 431 by screws. The wire on the pressure sensor 7 passes through the inner cavity of the mounting groove 41 and enters the inner cavity of the through groove 43 and is electrically connected to the circuit board 8. As Figure 5 shown, the wire on the pressure sensor 7 is received in the inner cavity of the mounting groove 41, and the circuit board 8 is exposed outside for easy heat dissipation. After the circuit board 8 is electrically connected to the pressure sensor 7, it can collect the monitoring data of the pressure sensor 7. The strip plate 411 and the wire are respectively on the upper and lower sides of the connecting column 61, so the two will not interfere with each other.

[0043] In order to prevent the connecting column 61 from tilting, the present application also has an anti-deviation collar 45 fixedly connected to the side surface of the mounting seat 4, and the anti-deviation collar 45 is movably sleeved outside the connecting column 61. The length of the anti-deviation collar 45 is less than the distance between the sealing partition 5 and the mounting seat 4. The anti-deviation collar 45 is mainly used to position the connecting column 61 to prevent the connecting column 61 from tilting and position deviation, so as to ensure better sealing between the sealing plug 6 and the sealing partition 5.

[0044] In order to facilitate the installation of the monitoring component 3, the present application also has fixing studs 33 fixedly arranged on both side surfaces of the housing 31. When the monitoring component 3 of the present device is installed as a whole, it needs to cooperate with a known "C"-shaped mounting frame in the prior art. The end of the mounting frame is sleeved outside the fixing stud 33 and tightened by a nut, and the mounting frame itself is fixed by screws or directly welded. An opening is provided on the front surface of the housing 31, and a cover 34 is fixedly covered at the opening by screws. The middle of the cover 34 is recessed, and a transparent window is provided in the recess. The cover 34 is detachable, which can facilitate the staff to disassemble and replace the damaged devices inside the housing 31.

[0045] The present invention also discloses a monitoring method for the high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device according to the above, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0046] Step 1: Install multiple monitoring components 3 inside the roadbed at equal intervals along the length direction of the high-speed railway roadbed. Multiple monitoring components 3 are located at the same horizontal height. Two adjacent monitoring components 3 are connected through a connecting hose 2. The two connecting hoses 2 on both sides of the monitoring components 3 are connected to the inner cavities on both sides of the shell 31 respectively, and the middle inner cavity of the shell 31 remains relatively independent;

[0047] Step 2: Multiple connecting hoses 2 form a connecting pipeline, a water storage tank 1 is set at one end of the pipeline, the inner cavity of the water storage tank 1 stores a proper amount of liquid, and the liquid in the water storage tank 1 is injected into the inner cavity of each connecting hose 2;

[0048] Step 3: Initially, the heights of the multiple monitoring components 3 are consistent, the monitoring components 3 measure the initial hydraulic pressure inside the connecting hose 2, and the initial hydraulic pressure is consistent, and the pressure difference on both sides of the monitoring components 3 is zero;

[0049] Step 4. When deformation and settlement occur locally on the roadbed, the monitoring components 3 at the lowest settlement point measure that the hydraulic readings inside the connecting hoses 2 on both sides increase, and the pressure difference on both sides remains zero. The connecting hoses 2 between the lowest settlement point and the nearest non-settlement point are both tilted. Therefore, the monitoring components 3 in this section measure that the hydraulic pressures inside the connecting hoses 2 on both sides are different, and the pressure difference reflects the degree of tilt at this position. The hydraulic and pressure difference data monitored by multiple monitoring components 3 are imported into the computer, and a schematic diagram of the roadbed settlement is drawn for the staff to view intuitively.

[0050] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device, characterized in that: include: A monitoring component (3), the monitoring component (3) comprising a hollow structure shell (31), both sides of the shell (31) being provided with interface pipes (32) and being connected with a connecting hose (2), a mounting seat (4) being fixed in the middle of the inner cavity of the shell (31), both sides of the mounting seat (4) being provided with sealing baffles (5), a sealing plug (6) being movably penetrated in the middle of the sealing baffle (5), a connecting column (61) being movably penetrated in the middle of the mounting seat (4), and both ends of the connecting column (61) being fixedly connected with two sealing plugs (6) respectively; A pressure sensor (7) is arranged between the sealing plug (6) and the mounting seat (4), an adjustment component for adjusting the position of the connecting column (61) is arranged inside the mounting seat (4), and an adjustment knob (9) for driving the adjustment component to work is arranged on the outside of the housing (31).

2. The high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sealing baffle (5) is fixed and sealed to the inner wall of the outer shell (31); a sealing gasket is provided at the connection between the sealing plug (6) and the sealing baffle (5); and two connecting columns (61) are provided and are symmetrically distributed at both ends of the mounting seat (4).

3. The high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The interior of the mounting seat (4) is provided with a mounting groove (41), the inner cavity of the mounting groove (41) is slidably provided with a strip plate (411), a side of the strip plate (411) is fixed with a tooth plate (412), and the middle part of the connecting column (61) is movably sleeved with a driving ring (42), and the surface of the driving ring (42) is provided with a tooth groove and meshes with the tooth plate (412) for transmission.

4. The high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The driving collar (42) is rotatably mounted in the inner cavity of the mounting groove (41), and the widths of the two are consistent. A thread groove (62) is formed on the middle surface of the connecting column (61) and is threadedly connected to the driving collar (42).

5. The high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: One end of the mounting seat (4) is provided with a limiting slide groove (46) which is in communication with the inner cavity of the mounting groove (41); a limiting slide plate (461) which is adapted thereto is slidably mounted in the inner cavity of the limiting slide groove (46); and the cross section of the limiting slide plate (461) is square; a connecting spring (462) is fixed to one side of the limiting slide plate (461); and one end of the connecting spring (462) is fixedly connected to one end of the strip plate (411).

6. The high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: An adjusting screw (463) is fixed to the other side of the limiting slide plate (461), an adjusting screw sleeve (91) is fixed to one end of the adjusting knob (9), a limiting collar (92) is fixedly sleeved on the surface of the adjusting screw sleeve (91), and the adjusting screw sleeve (91) is rotatably mounted on the side wall of the housing (31), and the adjusting screw sleeve (91) is sleeved on the outside of the adjusting screw (463) through a thread.

7. The high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A base (44) for mounting a pressure sensor (7) is fixed in the middle of both side surfaces of the mounting seat (4); a through slot (43) is provided through the end of the mounting seat (4); an inner flange (431) is fixed to the inner wall of the through slot (43); a circuit board (8) is fixed to one side of the inner flange (431) by means of screws; a wire on the pressure sensor (7) passes through the inner cavity of the mounting slot (41), enters the inner cavity of the through slot (43), and is electrically connected to the circuit board (8).

8. The high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: An anti-deflection collar (45) is fixedly connected to the side of the mounting seat (4), and the anti-deflection collar (45) is movably sleeved on the outside of the connecting column (61), and the length of the anti-deflection collar (45) is smaller than the distance between the sealing partition (5) and the mounting seat (4).

9. The high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Both sides of the shell (31) are fixedly provided with fixing studs (33), the front of the shell (31) is provided with an opening, and the opening is fixedly covered with a cover (34) by means of screws, the middle of the cover (34) is concave, and a transparent window is provided in the concave portion.

10. A monitoring method for a high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The specific steps include: Step 1: Install multiple monitoring components (3) inside the roadbed at equal intervals along the length direction of the high-speed railway roadbed, wherein the multiple monitoring components (3) are located at the same horizontal height, and two adjacent monitoring components (3) are connected via a connecting hose (2). The two connecting hoses (2) on both sides of the monitoring components (3) are respectively connected to the inner cavities on both sides of the shell (31), and the middle inner cavity of the shell (31) remains relatively independent; Step 2: A plurality of connecting hoses (2) form a connecting pipeline, a water storage tank (1) is arranged at one end of the pipeline, an appropriate amount of liquid is stored in the inner cavity of the water storage tank (1), and the liquid in the water storage tank (1) is injected into the inner cavity of each connecting hose (2); Step 3: Initially, the heights of the multiple monitoring components (3) are consistent, the monitoring components (3) measure the initial hydraulic pressure inside the connecting hose (2), and the initial hydraulic pressure is consistent, and the pressure difference on both sides of the monitoring components (3) is zero; Step 4: When deformation and settlement occur locally on the roadbed, the monitoring component (3) at the lowest settlement point measures that the hydraulic pressure readings inside the connecting hoses (2) on both sides increase, and the pressure difference on both sides remains zero. The connecting hoses (2) between the lowest settlement point and the nearest non-settled point are all tilted. Therefore, the monitoring components (3) in this section of the area measure that the hydraulic pressures inside the connecting hoses (2) on both sides are different, and the pressure difference reflects the degree of tilt at this location. The hydraulic pressure and pressure difference data monitored by multiple monitoring components (3) are imported into the computer, and a schematic diagram of the roadbed settlement is drawn for intuitive viewing by the staff.

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