Cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experiment device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster testing technologies, in particular to a cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experiment device and method.The cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experiment device comprises a twist-cutting collapse test bed and a side slope model, and the side slope model is arranged on the twist-cutting collapse test bed; the twist-cut collapse test bed can drive the slope model to move along at least one direction; the slope model is provided with a slope body which obliquely extends downwards, and the slope body is adjustable or non-adjustable; the problem that an existing device cannot comprehensively simulate the influence of multiple effects of vibration, slippage and twisting on soil engineering slope collapse under the earthquake effect is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster testing technology, and in particular to a cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device and method. Background Art

[0002] In the field of geological engineering, rockfall is a common natural disaster that poses a serious threat to the safety of mountain roads, railways, bridges and settlements. In order to deeply understand the mechanism of rockfall, predict its movement trajectory and impact range, and then take effective prevention and control measures, researchers have conducted a lot of research work. At present, the research methods of rockfall mainly include theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, field test and model test. Theoretical analysis is based on mechanical principles and geological knowledge, and analyzes the rockfall phenomenon by establishing a mathematical model, but its applicability is often limited due to assumptions and simplified processing. Numerical simulation methods use computer technology and advanced algorithms to simulate the movement process of rockfall, but the selection and calibration of model parameters have a great influence on the results, and the calculation cost is high; although field tests can directly observe the actual situation of rockfall, they are difficult to carry out widely due to factors such as site conditions, safety and cost.

[0003] In contrast, model tests have become an important means of studying rockfall due to their advantages of relatively controllable test conditions, relative safety, and strong repeatability. However, the existing rockfall model test devices are generally single in structure and function, and the working conditions that can be set are relatively few, making it difficult to fully simulate the motion characteristics of the slope under the complex environment of rockfall. Especially under the action of earthquakes, the combined effects of multiple effects such as vibration, slip and torsion shear, as well as the dynamic changes of the entire process of the irregular fall of rockfall hitting the slope and the slope sliding, are all difficulties that the current model test devices are difficult to truly restore, and it is difficult to capture and reproduce the key motion characteristics, which seriously affects the accuracy and reliability of the simulation test.

[0004] Therefore, in view of this, the inventor proposes a cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device and method to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device in cold regions, aiming at solving the problem that existing devices cannot fully simulate the impact of multiple effects of vibration, sliding and torsion shear on soil engineering slope collapse under earthquake action; the second purpose is to propose a method.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation test device, comprising a torsion shear collapse test bench and a slope model, wherein the slope model is arranged on the torsion shear collapse test bench, and the torsion shear collapse test bench can drive the slope model to move in at least one direction; The slope model has a slope body extending obliquely downward, and the slope body is adjustable or non-adjustable; An irregular rock construction device, the irregular rock construction device is located above the slope model, the irregular rock construction device is used to put rocks into the slope model, and the angle of the irregular rock construction device is adjustable; The data acquisition system is used to monitor the movement characteristics and collapse deformation of the slope model in real time during the simulation process, and to collect data information generated during the test.

[0007] Furthermore, the torsional shear collapse test bench comprises a base, a mounting seat and a support seat, wherein the mounting seat is rotatably connected to the base, and the mounting seat is fixedly connected to the support seat; A first driving unit is disposed between the base and the mounting seat, and the first driving unit can drive the mounting seat and the supporting seat to rotate.

[0008] According to the above technical solution, the torsion shear collapse test bench is the foundation of the entire device, which consists of a base, a mounting seat and a support seat. The mounting seat is rotatably connected to the base. The first drive unit drives the mounting seat and the support seat fixed thereto to rotate, thereby realizing the rotation function of the entire test bench; the irregular rock construction device is located above the slope model, and its design is intended to simulate the collapse process of irregular rocks in nature. The angle of the device can be adjusted to simulate rock collapse in different directions. During the test, the irregular rock construction device will drop rocks into the slope model, and these rocks will roll down the slope under the action of gravity, simulating a real collapse process.

[0009] Furthermore, the base comprises a bottom plate and a central axis fixed on the bottom plate; an axis hole is provided on the mounting seat, and the central axis extends into the central axis and can rotate in the axis hole; The first driving unit includes a collar, a first driving rod, a second driving rod, a third driving rod and a first motor; the collar is sleeved on the central axis and can rotate along the axis of the central axis, the first motor is fixed on the base plate, the output shaft of the first motor is connected to the first driving rod, the first driving rod is hinged to the second driving rod, the second driving rod is hinged to the third driving rod, and the third driving rod is fixed to the collar.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, when the first motor is started, it will drive the first drive rod to rotate. Since the first drive rod and the second drive rod are connected in an articulated manner, the rotation of the first drive rod will be converted into the swing of the second drive rod. Similarly, the second drive rod and the third drive rod are also connected in an articulated manner, so the swing of the second drive rod will further drive the movement of the third drive rod. Finally, the movement of the third drive rod will be transmitted to the collar, causing it to rotate. Since the mounting seat is fixedly connected to the collar, the entire mounting seat and the support seat will also rotate accordingly, thereby realizing the torsional shear collapse rotation function of the torsional shear collapse test bench, utilizing the transmission principle of the connecting rod mechanism to achieve effective transmission and conversion of power.

[0011] Furthermore, the support seat includes two side plates, a top plate and a slide plate, the two side plates are fixed on the mounting seat, the top plate is arranged between the two side plates, and the slide plate is arranged above the top plate; a plurality of rollers are arranged on the two side plates, and the rollers can drive the slide plate to move; The rotating roller includes a roller and a first bevel gear coaxially connected to the roller, and the first bevel gear is rotatably connected to the side plate.

[0012] Furthermore, a second driving unit is provided on the support seat; The second driving unit includes two driving shafts, a connecting shaft and a second motor. The connecting shaft is arranged between the two driving shafts and is used to connect the two driving shafts so that the two driving shafts rotate synchronously. The second motor is used to drive the two driving shafts to rotate. A plurality of second bevel gears are coaxially connected to the driving shaft, and each of the second bevel gears is meshed with a corresponding first bevel gear.

[0013] According to the above technical solution, the support seat is composed of two side plates, a top plate and a slide plate, the side plates are fixed on the mounting seat, the top plate is arranged between the side plates, and the slide plate is arranged above the top plate. In order to realize the movement of the slide plate, a number of rollers are arranged on both side plates, the rollers are located below the slide plate, each roller is composed of a roller and a first bevel gear connected coaxially, and the first bevel gear is rotatably connected to the side plate; when the slide plate needs to be moved, the first bevel gear can be driven to rotate by an external power source (such as a second motor); since the first bevel gear is coaxially connected to the roller, the roller will also rotate accordingly, and the rotation of the roller will convert the friction between it and the slide plate into rolling friction. Under the rolling action of the roller, the slide plate can easily move on the top plate to simulate the seismic shear wave (S wave) during an earthquake.

[0014] Furthermore, the two sides of the slide plate are provided with limit slots, and the two side plates are formed with clamping parts, and the two clamping parts are clamped in the two limit slots; The driving shaft is provided with a plurality of cams, and the slide plate is provided with a plurality of contact blocks, and each cam is provided correspondingly to the corresponding contact block; when the driving shaft rotates, the slide plate can be driven to move up and down periodically through the cams and the contact blocks.

[0015] According to the above technical solution, limit slots are provided on both sides of the skateboard, and a clamping part matching the limit slots is formed on the top plate. When the skateboard is placed on the top plate, the limit slots are tightly combined with the clamping part to ensure the stability of the skateboard in the horizontal direction. A number of cams are provided on the driving shaft, and these cams correspond to the contact blocks on the skateboard one by one. When the driving shaft starts to rotate, the cams will rotate accordingly and come into contact with the contact blocks. Due to the shape design of the cams, when it comes into contact with the contact blocks, an upward thrust will be generated. As the cams continue to rotate, this thrust will gradually decrease until the cams are separated from the contact blocks. Then, under the action of gravity, the skateboard will fall back. By repeating this process continuously, the cams on the driving shaft can drive the skateboard to achieve periodic up and down movement, simulating the seismic longitudinal waves (P waves) during earthquakes.

[0016] Furthermore, the irregular rock construction device includes a rock delivery component and a rock collapse component; the rock delivery component is used to transport rocks to the top of the rock collapse component, and the rock collapse component is arranged below the rock delivery component to deliver rocks in the rock delivery component onto the slope model.

[0017] The rock collapse assembly comprises two rock collapse units and a slingshot plate, wherein the slingshot plate is arranged between the two rock collapse units; The rock collapse unit comprises a fixed seat, a first rotating arm and a second rotating arm, the first rotating arm is rotatably connected to the fixed seat, the first rotating arm is connected to the second rotating arm, and the slingshot is arranged between the two second rotating arms; The fixed seat is rotatably connected with a toothed disc, a driving gear, a first driving gear and a third motor, the toothed disc and the driving gear are rotatably connected with the fixed seat, the third motor is fixed on the fixed seat, and the third motor can drive the toothed disc to rotate through the driving gear; a first circular arc rack is formed on the first rotating arm, and the first driving gear is meshed with the first circular arc rack; The gear disk includes a gear ring and a gear column coaxially fixedly connected to the gear ring, a first rack is arranged inside the gear ring, a second rack is arranged on the outer periphery of the gear column, and a driven gear is arranged between the gear column and the gear ring. When the driven gear is meshed with the first rack, the driven gear is not meshed with the second rack; when the driven gear is meshed with the second rack, the driven gear is not meshed with the first rack.

[0018] Furthermore, the slope model is fixedly arranged on the slide plate; The slope model comprises a plurality of support units, the heights of the support units are successively reduced, a slope bottom plate is fixedly arranged on each support unit, and two hinged plates are arranged between adjacent slope bottom plates; The support unit includes a fixed support and a third support arm, the fixed support is rotatably connected to a second driving gear, a second circular arc rack is formed on the third support arm, the second circular arc rack is meshed with the second driving gear, a turntable is coaxially connected to the second driving gear, and the turntable can drive the angle of the third support arm to rotate.

[0019] Furthermore, the data acquisition system comprises: A high-speed camera, installed on the torsional shear collapse test bench, is used to record the experimental device frame by frame; A wireless acceleration sensor, installed on the slope model, for acquiring a vibration acceleration signal of the slope model; A positioning module is used to obtain the trajectory and posture data of the rock released by the irregular rock construction device; Laser displacement sensor, used to obtain the vertical settlement deformation of the slope model during the test; A computer controller is used to control the opening and closing of the high-speed camera, the wireless acceleration sensor, the positioning module and the laser displacement sensor, as well as data communication; and a data storage device is used to store data of the computer controller.

[0020] Beneficial effects of the present invention: 1. The present invention sets a rock delivery component and a rock collapse component, and drives the rotation of the gear plate through the third motor to realize the alternating meshing of the driven gear with the first rack and the second rack, thereby driving the angle of the first rotating arm to change periodically, so that the angle and speed of the rock falling from the slingshot into the slope model can be changed, thereby simulating a complex collapse and rockfall process; at the same time, the slope model is composed of a plurality of support units, and the height and angle of each support unit can be adjusted. By adjusting the height of the support unit and the angle of the hinged plate, slopes with different inclination angles can be simulated. At the same time, the slide plate can slide on the top plate and realize periodic up and down vibration under the action of the cam on the drive shaft, so that the slope model can be subjected to the multiple effects of sliding and torsion shearing at the same time when simulating the earthquake, which more realistically reflects the deformation and destruction process of the slope under the action of the earthquake.

[0021] 2. Through data acquisition systems such as high-speed cameras, wireless accelerometers, positioning modules and laser displacement sensors, the vibration acceleration, rock placement trajectory, vertical settlement deformation and other data of the slope model can be monitored and recorded in real time, providing strong support for analyzing the deformation and failure laws of the slope, solving the technical problem that the existing equipment cannot fully simulate the impact of multiple effects of vibration, sliding and torsion shear on the collapse of earth engineering slopes under earthquake action, and improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the simulation experiment.

[0022] 3. The second motor in the second drive unit drives the two drive shafts to rotate synchronously, thereby driving the second bevel gear connected coaxially to rotate. Due to the meshing relationship between the second bevel gear and the first bevel gear, the roller on the roller can rotate accordingly. This design enables the slide plate and the slope model to slide on the top plate, simulating the lateral vibration effect of the seismic shear wave (S wave) on the slope during an earthquake; secondly, in a further design, a number of cams are set on the drive shaft, and corresponding contact blocks are set on the slide plate. When the drive shaft rotates, the cam will come into contact with the contact block and generate an upward thrust. As the cam continues to rotate, this thrust will gradually decrease until the cam is separated from the contact block, and the slide plate will fall back under the action of gravity. By repeating this process continuously, the cam on the drive shaft can drive the slide plate to achieve periodic up and down vibrations, thereby simulating the longitudinal vibration effect of the seismic longitudinal wave (P wave) on the slope during an earthquake.

[0023] In summary, the design of the second drive unit not only improves the authenticity and accuracy of the simulated earthquake process, but also enables the entire device to simulate both seismic shear waves and seismic longitudinal waves, providing a more comprehensive and accurate testing environment for earthquake simulation experiments. This design has broad application prospects and important practical value in the fields of earthquake research and engineering seismic design.

[0024] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present application will be described to some extent in the subsequent description, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the following examination and study, or can be taught from the practice of the present application. The objectives and other advantages of the present application can be achieved and obtained through the following specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device and method of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device in one direction of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure in one direction of a cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure in another direction of a cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device of the present invention; Figure 6 The present invention is a kind of cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of part A; Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of a rock collapse component in a cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of a rock collapse component and a slope model in a cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device of the present invention; Fig. 9 The present invention is a kind of cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of part B; Fig.10 The present invention is a kind of cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device Figure 7 Schematic diagram of part of the structure.

[0026] Among them, the torsion shear collapse test bench 1, the base 11, the bottom plate 111, the central axis 112, the mounting seat 12, the shaft hole 121, the support seat 13, the side plate 131, the clamping part 1311, the top plate 132, the slide plate 133, the limit clamping groove 1331, the roller 134, the roller 1341, the first bevel gear 1342, the first drive unit 14, the collar 141, the first drive rod 142, the second drive rod 143, the third drive rod 144, the first motor 145, the second drive unit 15, the drive shaft 151, the second bevel gear 1511, the cam 1512, the contact block 1513, the connecting shaft 152, the second motor 153, the slope model 2, the support Support unit 21, slope bottom plate 211, hinged plate 212, fixed support 213, third support arm 214, second drive gear 215, second circular arc rack 216, turntable 217, irregular rock construction device 3, rock delivery assembly 31, rock collapse assembly 32, rock collapse unit 321, fixed seat 3211, first rotating arm 3212, second rotating arm 3213, gear plate 3214, driving gear 3215, first drive gear 3216, third motor 3217, first circular arc rack 3218, gear ring 3219, gear column 3220, first rack 3221, second rack 3222, driven gear 3223, slingshot 322. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will describe the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, not for limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present invention, and thus the drawings only show components related to the present invention rather than being drawn according to the number, shape and size of components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the type, quantity and proportion of each component may be changed arbitrarily, and the component layout may also be more complicated.

[0029] This embodiment proposes a cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device, such as Figures 1 to 10 As shown, it includes a torsion shear collapse test bench 1 and a slope model 2, the slope model 2 is arranged on the torsion shear collapse test bench 1, and the torsion shear collapse test bench 1 can drive the slope model 2 to move in at least one direction; the slope model 2 has a slope body extending downwardly, and the inclination angle of the slope body is adjustable or not adjustable; The irregular rock construction device 3 is located at the upper left position of the slope model 2. The irregular rock construction device 3 is used to put rocks into the slope model 2. The angle of the irregular rock construction device 3 can be adjusted.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, the torsional shear collapse test bench 1 includes a base 11, a mounting seat 12 and a support seat 13. The mounting seat 12 is rotatably connected to the base 11, and the mounting seat 12 is fixedly connected to the support seat 13. A first driving unit 14 is arranged between the base 11 and the mounting seat 12, and the first driving unit 14 can drive the mounting seat 12 and the support seat 13 to rotate reciprocatingly.

[0031] According to the above technical scheme, the torsional shear collapse test bench 1 is the basis of the entire device, which is composed of a base 11, a mounting seat 12 and a support seat 13. The mounting seat 12 is rotatably connected to the base 11, and the first driving unit 14 drives the mounting seat 12 and the support seat 13 fixed thereto to rotate, thereby realizing the reciprocating rotation function of the entire test bench. When the slope model 2 is set on the support seat 13, the test slope model 2 slides away from the slope body under the action of tangential torsional shear collapse to perform a collapse and sliding test, which is conducive to analyzing the law of simulated slope collapse and sliding under torsional shear; the irregular rock construction device 3 is located at the upper left position of the slope model 2, and its design is intended to simulate the collapse process of irregular rocks in nature. The angle of the device can be adjusted to simulate rock collapse in different directions. During the test, the irregular rock construction device 3 will throw rocks into the slope model 2, and these rocks will roll down on the slope of the slope model 2 under the action of gravity, simulating a real collapse process.

[0032] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, the base 11 includes a bottom plate 111 and a central axis 112 fixed on the bottom plate 111; an axial hole 121 is opened on the mounting seat 12, and the central axis 112 extends into the central axis 112 and can rotate in the axial hole 121; the first driving unit 14 includes a collar 141, a first driving rod 142, a second driving rod 143, a third driving rod 144 and a first motor 145; the collar 141 is sleeved on the central axis 112 and can rotate along the central axis of the central axis 112, the first motor 145 is fixed on the bottom plate 111, the output shaft of the first motor 145 is connected to the first driving rod 142, the first driving rod 142 is hinged to the second driving rod 143, the second driving rod 143 is hinged to the third driving rod 144, and the third driving rod 144 is fixed to the collar 141. When the first motor 145 is started, it drives the first driving rod 142 to rotate. Since the first driving rod 142 and the second driving rod 143 are connected in an articulated manner, the rotation of the first driving rod 142 will be converted into the swing of the second driving rod 143. Similarly, the second driving rod 143 and the third driving rod 144 are also connected in an articulated manner, so the swing of the second driving rod 143 will further drive the movement of the third driving rod 144; finally, the movement of the third driving rod 144 will be transmitted to the collar 141, causing it to rotate and swing. Since the mounting seat 12 is fixedly connected to the collar 141 and the transmission principle of the connecting rod mechanism is utilized, the entire mounting seat 12 and the supporting seat 13 will also reciprocate and swing accordingly, simulating the slope collapse and sliding test under the action of tangential torsion and / or inertia, and simulating and analyzing the multi-directional relative torsion shear sliding collapse law between the soil and rock layer and the slope base or bottom layer in the natural environment.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the support seat 13 includes two side plates 131, a top plate 132 and a slide plate 133. The two side plates 131 are fixed on the mounting seat 12, the top plate 132 is arranged between the two side plates 131, and the slide plate 133 is arranged above the top plate 132; a plurality of rollers 134 are arranged on the two side plates 131, and the rollers 134 can drive the slide plate 133 to move; Specifically, the roller 134 includes a roller 1341 and a first bevel gear 1342 coaxially connected to the roller 1341 , and the first bevel gear 1342 is rotatably connected to the side plate 131 ; the roller 1341 is located below the slide plate 133 , and can drive the slide plate 133 to move when the roller 1341 rotates.

[0034] like Figure 3 As shown, a second driving unit 15 is provided on the support seat 13; the second driving unit 15 includes two driving shafts 151, a connecting shaft 152 and a second motor 153, the two driving shafts 151 are respectively connected to the side plate 131 for rotation, the connecting shaft 152 is provided between the two driving shafts 151, and is used to connect the two driving shafts 151 so that the two driving shafts 151 rotate synchronously; the second motor 153 drives one of the driving shafts 151 to rotate in the form of a chain or a sprocket, and one of the driving shafts 151 realizes the synchronous rotation of the two driving shafts 151 through the connecting shaft 152; A plurality of second bevel gears 1511 are coaxially connected to the driving shaft 151 , and each second bevel gear 1511 is meshed with a corresponding first bevel gear 1342 .

[0035] According to the above technical solution, the support seat 13, as the basis of the whole device, is composed of two side plates 131, a top plate 132 and a slide plate 133, forming a stable structure. The two side plates 131 are firmly fixed on the mounting seat 12, and the top plate 132 spans between the two side plates 131, providing a stable sliding plane for the slide plate 133. The slide plate 133 is arranged above the top plate 132 to simulate the ground sliding process during an earthquake. In order to realize the sliding of the slide plate 133, each roller 134 is composed of a roller 1341 and a coaxially connected first bevel gear 1342. The first bevel gear 1342 is rotatably connected to the side plate 131, and the roller 1341 is located below the slide plate 133. This design allows the roller 1341 to rotate when the first bevel gear 1342 is driven by a driving force. In order to provide this driving force, a second driving unit 15 is arranged on the support seat 13, and the two driving shafts 151 are respectively connected to the two side plates 131 for rotation, and the connecting shaft 152 is arranged between the two driving shafts 151 to ensure that the two driving shafts 151 can rotate synchronously. The second motor 153 serves as a power source, and drives the two driving shafts 151 to rotate, thereby driving the coaxially connected second bevel gear 1511 to rotate. Since the second bevel gear 1511 is meshed with the first bevel gear 1342, when the second bevel gear 1511 rotates, it will drive the first bevel gear 1342 to rotate, and then drive the roller 1341 to rotate. The slide plate 133 can move on the top plate 132 to simulate the seismic shear wave (S wave) that the slope sliding is affected by during an earthquake.

[0036] Furthermore, if Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, limiting slots 1331 are provided on both sides of the slide plate 133, and clamping parts 1311 are formed on the two side plates 131. The two clamping parts 1311 are engaged in the two limiting slots 1331. When the two clamping parts 1311 are engaged in the two limiting slots 1331, the slide plate 133 can slide above the top plate 132 and can vibrate up and down within a certain range; specifically, a plurality of cams 1512 are provided on the driving shaft 151, and a plurality of contact blocks 1513 are provided on the slide plate 133, and each cam 1512 is correspondingly arranged with a corresponding contact block 1513. When the drive shaft 151 starts to rotate, the cam 1512 will rotate accordingly and come into contact with the contact block 1513. Due to the convex design of the cam 1512, when it periodically comes into contact with the contact block 1513, an upward thrust will be generated. As the cam 1512 continues to rotate, the thrust will gradually decrease until the cam 1512 is separated from the contact block 1513. Then, under the action of gravity, the slide 133 will fall back. By repeating this process, the cam 1512 on the drive shaft 151 can drive the slide 133 to achieve periodic up and down vibration, and can vibrate up and down while sliding, simulating the seismic longitudinal waves (P waves) that the slope is subjected to during an earthquake.

[0037] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the irregular rock construction device 3 includes a rock delivery component 31 and a rock collapse component 32; the rock delivery component 31 is used to transport rocks to the top of the rock collapse component 32, and the rock delivery component 31 can adopt a telescopic conveyor belt. The rock collapse component 32 is arranged below the rock delivery component 31, and is used to deliver the rocks in the rock delivery component 31 to the slope model 2.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 7 As shown, the rock collapse component 32 includes two rock collapse units 321 and a slingboard 322. The slingboard 322 is arranged between the two rock collapse units 321. The slingboard 322 can be fixed between the two rock collapse units 321, or can be adjusted between the two rock collapse units 321. The slingboard 322 of this embodiment adopts a rectangular structure. Of course, it can be understood that the slingboard 322 can also adopt other shapes or structures, and a reasonable selection can be made according to the scene of the required throwing.

[0039] like Figure 7 As shown, the rock collapse unit 321 includes a fixed seat 3211, a first rotating arm 3212 and a second rotating arm 3213. The first rotating arm 3212 is rotatably connected to the fixed seat 3211, and the first rotating arm 3212 is connected to the second rotating arm 3213. The connection between the first rotating arm 3212 and the second rotating arm 3213 can be fixed or fixed in an adjustable angle form. If the adjustable angle form is used for fixing, the angle of the slingshot 322 can be adjusted within a certain range, which can adapt to different simulation test requirements and has a wider range of applications.

[0040] The fixed seat 3211 is rotatably connected with a toothed disc 3214, a driving gear 3215, a first driving gear 3216 and a third motor 3217. The toothed disc 3214 and the driving gear 3215 are rotatably connected with the fixed seat 3211. The third motor 3217 is fixed on the fixed seat 3211. The third motor 3217 can drive the toothed disc 3214 to rotate through the driving gear 3215. A first circular arc rack 3218 is formed on the first rotating arm 3212, and the first driving gear 3216 is meshed with the first circular arc rack 3218. The gear disk 3214 includes a gear ring 3219 and a gear column 3220 coaxially fixedly connected to the gear ring 3219, a first rack 3221 is arranged inside the gear ring 3219, a second rack 3222 is arranged on the periphery of the gear column 3220, a driven gear 3223 is arranged between the gear column 3220 and the gear ring 3219, the driven gear 3223 is rotatably connected to the fixed seat 3211, and the driven gear 3223 is coaxially connected to the first driving gear 3216; when the driven gear 3223 is engaged with the first rack 3221, the driven gear 3223 is not engaged with the second rack 3222; when the driven gear 3223 is engaged with the second rack 3222, the driven gear 3223 is not engaged with the first rack 3221.

[0041] According to the above technical solution, when the rock collapse unit 321 rotates, the slingshot plate 322 will also move accordingly, and the third motor 3217 drives the gear plate 3214 to rotate through the driving gear 3215. Fig.10 As shown, when the gear ring 3219 rotates clockwise, the driven gear 3223 is meshed with the first rack 3221, and the driven gear 3223 is not meshed with the second rack 3222, driving the driven gear 3223 to rotate clockwise, and the driven gear 3223 drives the first driving gear 3216 to rotate clockwise. Since the first driving gear 3216 is meshed with the first arc rack 3218, the angle of the first rotating arm 3212 is positively tilted, thereby driving the slingshot 3 22 changes its position and angle; when the toothed disc 3214 continues to rotate, the first rack 3221 no longer meshes with the driven gear 3223, and the second rack 3222 meshes with the driven gear 3223. At this time, the driven gear 3223 rotates counterclockwise, and the driven gear 3223 drives the first driving gear 3216 to rotate counterclockwise, driving the angle of the first rotating arm 3212 to change in the opposite direction, thereby causing the inclination angle of the first rotating arm 3212 to change periodically. When the rock dropped by the rock delivery assembly 31 falls on the slingboard 322, the rock falling from the slingboard 322 into the slope model 2 also changes, simulating the process of rocks at different angles impacting the slope, and being able to simulate a complex collapse and rockfall process.

[0042] The slope model 2 is fixedly arranged on the slide plate 133; the slope model 2 includes a plurality of support units 21, such as Figure 8As shown, the height of each support unit 21 decreases from left to right, and each support unit 21 is fixedly provided with a slope bottom plate 211, and two hinged plates 212 are provided between adjacent slope bottom plates 211; the support unit 21 includes a fixed support 213 and a third support arm 214, and the slope bottom plate 211 is fixed on the third support arm 214. A second driving gear 215 is rotatably connected to the fixed support 213, and a second arc rack 216 is formed on the third support arm 214, and the second arc rack 216 is meshed with the second driving gear 215. A rotating disk 217 is coaxially connected to the second driving gear 215, and the rotating disk 217 can drive the angle of the third support arm 214 to rotate. By lowering the height of the support unit 21 in sequence, the inclination angle of the real mountain slope is simulated. A slope bottom plate 211 is fixedly set on each support unit 21. These slope bottom plates 211 are connected to each other and connected by two hinged plates 212. Of course, baffles (not shown) can also be set on both sides of the slope bottom plate 211 and the hinged plate 212. Cold-region soil or sand is placed on the slope bottom plate 211 and the hinged plate 212 to form a slope body. Two hinged plates 212 are set between adjacent slope bottom plates 211. Screws, nuts, etc. can also be installed between the two hinged plates 212 to adjust the angle between the two hinged plates 212, so as to facilitate setting of slope models 2 with different inclination angles according to simulation requirements. A second arc rack 216 is formed on the third support arm 214, and the second arc rack 216 is meshed with the second driving gear 215. When the second driving gear 215 rotates, it drives the second arc rack 216 to rotate, thereby driving the third support arm 214 to rotate at an angle. In order to more accurately control the rotation of the third support arm 214, a turntable 217 is coaxially connected to the driving gear. This turntable 217 can be rotated manually. After rotating to a suitable angle, the turntable 217 is limited and fixed. At the same time, in order to improve the stability of the overall structure, other components are used to limit and fix each support unit 21. The support unit 21 is in an adjustable form so that the slope model 2 can adjust the inclination, which is convenient for simulating earthquakes to truly reflect the deformation and destruction process of the slope.

[0043] Of course, in a possible embodiment, the support unit 21 may also be in a non-adjustable form, and the support unit 21 includes a fixed support 213 and a third support arm 214, the fixed support 213 and the third support arm 214 are fixedly connected to each other, and the slope bottom plate 211 is fixedly set on the top of the third support arm 214.

[0044] As a preferred embodiment, the data acquisition system of the present application includes: A high-speed camera, installed on the torsional shear collapse test bench 1, is used to record the experimental device frame by frame; A wireless acceleration sensor is installed on the slope model 2 and is used to obtain a vibration acceleration signal of the slope model 2; A positioning module, used to obtain the trajectory and posture data of the rock released by the irregular rock construction device 3; A laser displacement sensor is used to obtain the vertical settlement deformation of the slope model 2 during the test; The computer controller, the high-speed camera, the wireless acceleration sensor, the positioning module, and the laser displacement sensor are all connected to the computer controller. The computer controller is used to control the opening and closing of the high-speed camera, the wireless acceleration sensor, the positioning module, and the laser displacement sensor, as well as data exchange; and also includes a data storage device for storing data of the computer controller.

[0045] On the other hand, the present invention also proposes a cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation test method, including using the cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation test device as mentioned above, the collapse simulation test method includes the following steps: S1: System construction: Build the cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device according to the design requirements, install and initialize the data acquisition system; gradually build the cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device, ensure that each component is installed according to the predetermined position and method, and during the installation process, accurately install and debug the collapse test bench, slope model 2, irregular rock structure device 3 and other components; fix the high-speed camera in a suitable position, adjust the lens focal length and exposure parameters, and ensure that the motion state of the experimental device can be clearly recorded. The wireless acceleration sensor needs to be accurately installed on the slope model 2 in order to accurately obtain the vibration acceleration signal of the slope model 2. The positioning module and laser displacement sensor also need to be installed and calibrated as required to ensure that the trajectory and posture data of the rock released by the irregular rock structure device 3, as well as the settlement deformation of the slope model 2, can be accurately recorded. When initializing the data acquisition system, it is necessary to ensure that the communication between all sensors and the computer controller is unimpeded, and the data can be transmitted and stored in real time. At the same time, it is also necessary to set a suitable sampling frequency and data recording format to meet the needs of subsequent data processing and analysis.

[0046] S2: according to the experimental requirements, set the rotation angle, frequency and other parameters of the torsion shear collapse test bench 1, and calibrate the angle of the irregular rock structure device 3 to ensure that rock collapse in different directions can be simulated; S3: Experimental process monitoring and data recording: Start the experimental device, start simulating the collapse process, record the motion state of the experimental device frame by frame through the high-speed camera, obtain the vibration acceleration signal of the slope model 2 through the wireless acceleration sensor, and the positioning module records the trajectory and posture data of the rock released by the irregular rock construction device 3. The laser displacement sensor measures the settlement deformation of the slope model 2; Start the device and start simulating the collapse process. During the experiment, it is necessary to record the motion state of the experimental device frame by frame through the high-speed camera according to the motion state of the experimental device and the deformation of the slope model 2, so as to capture the collapse moment of the rock impacting the slope and the deformation process of the slope model 2, and provide important visual information for subsequent data processing and analysis. At the same time, the wireless acceleration sensor will obtain the vibration acceleration signal of the slope model 2 in real time, and these signals can reflect the dynamic characteristics of the slope model 2 during the collapse process. The positioning module will record the trajectory and posture data of the rock released by the irregular rock construction device 3, and these data can be used to analyze parameters such as the path and speed of rock collapse. The laser displacement sensor will measure the settlement deformation of the slope model 2. These deformation data can reflect the stability changes of the slope model 2 during the collapse process.

[0047] S4: Data processing and analysis: After the experiment, the experimental data is exported from the data storage device, and the data is processed and analyzed using software. These data include video images taken by high-speed cameras, vibration acceleration signals obtained by wireless acceleration sensors, rock trajectory and posture data recorded by positioning modules, and settlement deformation data measured by laser displacement sensors. These data are processed and analyzed using data processing software. First, the video images need to be analyzed frame by frame to extract key motion parameters and deformation characteristics. Then, the vibration acceleration signals are subjected to spectrum analysis and time domain analysis to obtain the vibration characteristics and dynamic parameters of slope model 2. Next, the rock trajectory and posture data are statistically analyzed to reveal the laws of rock collapse path and speed; finally, the settlement deformation data are spatially and temporally analyzed to evaluate the stability and deformation trend of slope model 2.

[0048] The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitution or change made by a person skilled in the art based on the present invention is within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simulation experimental device for collapse of special soil engineering in cold regions, characterized in that: include: A torsional shear collapse test bench (1) and a slope model (2), wherein the slope model (2) is arranged on the torsional shear collapse test bench (1), and the torsional shear collapse test bench (1) can drive the slope model (2) to move in at least one direction; The slope model (2) has a slope body extending obliquely downward, and the inclination angle of the slope body is adjustable or non-adjustable; An irregular rock construction device (3), the irregular rock construction device (3) being located above the slope model (2), the irregular rock construction device (3) being used to drop rocks onto the slope model (2), and the angle of the irregular rock construction device (3) being adjustable; The data acquisition system is used to monitor the movement characteristics and collapse deformation of the slope model (2) in real time during the simulation process, and to collect data information generated during the test process.

2. The cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The torsional shear collapse test bench (1) comprises a base (11), a mounting seat (12) and a support seat (13); the mounting seat (12) is rotatably connected to the base (11), and the mounting seat (12) is fixedly connected to the support seat (13); A first driving unit (14) is provided between the base (11) and the mounting seat (12), and the first driving unit (14) can drive the mounting seat (12) and the support seat (13) to rotate.

3. The cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device according to claim 2 is characterized by: The base (11) comprises a bottom plate (111) and a central axis (112) fixed on the bottom plate (111); an axis hole (121) is provided on the mounting seat (12), and the central axis (112) extends into the central axis (112) and can rotate in the axis hole (121); The first drive unit (14) comprises a collar (141), a first drive rod (142), a second drive rod (143), a third drive rod (144) and a first motor (145); the collar (141) is sleeved on the central axis (112) and can rotate along the axis of the central axis (112); the first motor (145) is fixed on the bottom plate (111); the output shaft of the first motor (145) is connected to the first drive rod (142); the first drive rod (142) is hinged to the second drive rod (143); the second drive rod (143) is hinged to the third drive rod (144); and the third drive rod (144) is fixed to the collar (141).

4. The cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device according to claim 2 is characterized by: The support seat (13) comprises two side plates (131), a top plate (132) and a slide plate (133); the two side plates (131) are fixed on the mounting seat (12); the top plate (132) is arranged between the two side plates (131); and the slide plate (133) is arranged above the top plate (132); a plurality of rollers (134) are arranged on the two side plates (131); the rollers (134) can drive the slide plate (133) to move; The rotating roller (134) comprises a roller (1341) and a first bevel gear (1342) coaxially connected to the roller (1341); the first bevel gear (1342) is rotatably connected to the side plate (131).

5. The cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device according to claim 4 is characterized by: A second driving unit (15) is provided on the support seat (13); The second driving unit (15) comprises two driving shafts (151), a connecting shaft (152) and a second motor (153); the connecting shaft (152) is arranged between the two driving shafts (151) and is used to connect the two driving shafts (151) so that the two driving shafts (151) rotate synchronously; the second motor (153) is used to drive the two driving shafts (151) to rotate; A plurality of second bevel gears (1511) are coaxially connected to the driving shaft (151), and each of the second bevel gears (1511) is meshed with a corresponding first bevel gear (1342).

6. The cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device according to claim 5 is characterized by: Limiting slots (1331) are provided on both sides of the slide plate (133), and clamping portions (1311) are formed on the two side plates (131), and the two clamping portions (1311) are clamped in the two limiting slots (1331); A plurality of cams (1512) are arranged on the driving shaft (151), and a plurality of contact blocks (1513) are arranged on the sliding plate (133), and each cam (1512) is arranged correspondingly to a corresponding contact block (1513); when the driving shaft (151) rotates, the sliding plate (133) can be driven to move up and down periodically by the cams (1512) and the contact blocks (1513).

7. The cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The irregular rock construction device (3) comprises a rock delivery assembly (31) and a rock collapse assembly (32); the rock delivery assembly (31) is used to transport rocks to the top of the rock collapse assembly (32); the rock collapse assembly (32) is arranged below the rock delivery assembly (31) and is used to drop rocks in the rock delivery assembly (31) onto the slope model (2); The rock collapse assembly (32) comprises two rock collapse units (321) and a slingshot plate (322), wherein the slingshot plate (322) is arranged between the two rock collapse units (321); The rock collapse unit (321) comprises a fixed seat (3211), a first rotating arm (3212) and a second rotating arm (3213); the first rotating arm (3212) is rotatably connected to the fixed seat (3211); the first rotating arm (3212) is connected to the second rotating arm (3213); and the slingshot (322) is arranged between the two second rotating arms (3213); The fixed seat (3211) is rotatably connected with a toothed disc (3214), a driving gear (3215), a first driving gear (3216) and a third motor (3217); the toothed disc (3214) and the driving gear (3215) are rotatably connected to the fixed seat (3211); the third motor (3217) is fixed to the fixed seat (3211); the third motor (3217) can drive the toothed disc (3214) to rotate via the driving gear (3215); a first circular arc rack (3218) is formed on the first rotating arm (3212); the first driving gear (3216) is meshed with the first circular arc rack (3218); The toothed disc (3214) comprises a toothed ring (3219) and a toothed column (3220) coaxially fixedly connected to the toothed ring (3219); a first rack (3221) is arranged inside the toothed ring (3219); a second rack (3222) is arranged on the periphery of the toothed column (3220); a driven gear (3223) is arranged between the toothed column (3220) and the toothed ring (3219); when the driven gear (3223) is meshed with the first rack (3221), the driven gear (3223) is not meshed with the second rack (3222); when the driven gear (3223) is meshed with the second rack (3222), the driven gear (3223) is not meshed with the first rack (3221).

8. The cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device according to claim 6 is characterized by: The slope model (2) is fixedly arranged on the slide plate (133); The slope model (2) comprises a plurality of support units (21), the heights of the support units (21) being successively lowered, a slope bottom plate (211) being fixedly arranged on each support unit (21), and two hinged plates (212) being arranged between adjacent slope bottom plates (211); The support unit (21) comprises a fixed support (213) and a third support arm (214); a second driving gear (215) is rotatably connected to the fixed support (213); a second circular arc rack (216) is formed on the third support arm (214); the second circular arc rack (216) is meshed with the second driving gear (215); a rotating disk (217) is coaxially connected to the second driving gear (215); and the rotating disk (217) can drive the angle of the third support arm (214) to rotate.

9. The cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The data acquisition system comprises: A high-speed camera, installed on the torsional shear collapse test bench (1), is used to record the experimental device frame by frame; A wireless acceleration sensor, mounted on the slope model (2), for acquiring a vibration acceleration signal of the slope model (2); A positioning module, used to obtain trajectory and posture data of rocks released by the irregular rock construction device (3); A laser displacement sensor is used to obtain the vertical settlement deformation of the slope model (2) during the test; A computer controller is used to control the opening and closing of the high-speed camera, the wireless acceleration sensor, the positioning module and the laser displacement sensor, as well as data communication; and a data storage device is used to store data of the computer controller.

10. A method for simulating collapse of special soil engineering in cold regions, comprising using the device for simulating collapse of special soil engineering in cold regions as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The collapse simulation experimental method includes the following steps: S1: System construction: Build the cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device according to the design requirements, and install and initialize the data acquisition system; S2: Experimental parameter setting: according to the experimental requirements, set the rotation angle, frequency and other parameters of the torsion shear collapse test bench (1), and calibrate the angle of the irregular rock structure device (3) to ensure that rock collapse in different directions can be simulated; S3: Experimental process monitoring and data recording: Start the experimental device and start simulating the collapse process. Use a high-speed camera to record the motion state of the experimental device frame by frame. Use a wireless acceleration sensor to obtain the vibration acceleration signal of the slope model (2). Use a positioning module to record the trajectory and posture data of the rock released by the irregular rock construction device (3). Use a laser displacement sensor to measure the settlement deformation of the slope model (2). S4: Data processing and analysis: After the experiment, the experimental data is exported from the data storage device and the data is processed and analyzed using software.

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