Electrochromic element with uniform color change
By designing a finger-shaped metal wire group on the conductive substrate of the electrochromic element, the "pupil effect" problem during large-area applications is solved, uniform discoloration and rapid fading are achieved, and the performance and stability of the element are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411326369.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-09-27
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-28
AI Technical Summary
Existing electrochromic elements are prone to "pupil effect" when applied in large areas, that is, darker discoloration edges and lighter middles, resulting in slower fading speed and reduced uniformity.
By adopting a finger-shaped metal wire group structure, by applying several first metal wires and second metal wires on the first conductive substrate and the second conductive substrate, a non-overlapping rotation interval arrangement is formed to improve the electric field change speed and uniformity.
The uniform discoloration of the electrochromic elements is achieved, which improves the overall fading speed and uniformity, and avoids the abnormal electric field and current caused by the overlap of metal electrode layers.
Smart Images
Figure CN119717351A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to an electrochromic element, and in particular to an electrochromic element with uniform color change. Background Art
[0002] An electrochromic element is a material or element that can change color by applying an electric field. Electrochromic materials undergo redox reactions under the action of an electric field, and the color of the material changes. Electrochromic elements are generally composed of electrodes, electrochromic materials, electrolytes, and ion storage layers. Most electrochromic elements use indium tin oxide (ITO) glass as a substrate. In actual operation, it is found that the colored area is the darkest in the surrounding area near the power feed point, and then gradually diffuses and changes color toward the center of the element. This is especially obvious when the area of the electrochromic element is enlarged. This problem is called the "pupil effect". It is mainly because when the current of the power supply is fed from the two end points, the surface resistance of the indium tin oxide glass increases due to the enlargement of the element area, resulting in a larger electric field at the edge of the element and a smaller electric field in the middle area. As a result, most of the ions in the electrolyte will first gather at the edge of the element, resulting in a darker color around the element; the color of the element changes relatively light in the middle area because the ions diffuse more slowly.
[0003] Figure 1 1, the conventional electrochromic structure comprises a first transparent conductive substrate 91, a second transparent conductive substrate 92, a first electrochromic film 93, a second electrochromic film 94 and an electrolyte layer 95, a first conductive layer 911 is provided on one surface of the first transparent conductive substrate 91, a second conductive layer 921 is provided on one surface of the second transparent conductive substrate 92, the first electrochromic film 93 is formed on the surface of the first conductive layer 911, the second electrochromic film 94 is formed on the surface of the second conductive layer 921, and the electrolyte layer 95 is formed between the first electrochromic film 93 and the second electrochromic film 94. When a power supply component 96 applies a voltage to the first conductive layer 911 and the second conductive layer 921 so that there is a voltage difference between the first conductive layer 911 and the second conductive layer 921, the first electrochromic film 93, the second electrochromic film 94 and the electrolyte layer 95 can be prompted to transfer ions or electrons, thereby changing the color or transmittance of the first electrochromic film 93 and the second electrochromic film 94 themselves.
[0004] However, when a voltage is applied to the first conductive layer 911 and the second conductive layer 921, the first electrochromic film 93 and the second electrochromic film 94 do not change color immediately. Instead, as the electric field between the first conductive layer 911 and the second conductive layer 921 changes, ions or electrons are slowly transferred between the first electrochromic film 93 and the electrolyte layer 95 and the second electrochromic film 94 and the electrolyte layer 95 to gradually perform coloring or bleaching operations. The first conductive layer 911, the second conductive layer 921, the first electrochromic film 93 and the second electrochromic film 94 of the color structure are a single component. When the first conductive layer 911, the second conductive layer 921, the first electrochromic film 93 and the second electrochromic film 94 have a large area, the first conductive layer 911 and the second conductive layer 921 will reduce the speed of the electric field change due to their large area, and cause the coloring and fading of the first electrochromic film 93 and the second electrochromic film 94 to produce a pupil effect, thereby reducing the coloring and fading speed of the electrochromic structure.
[0005] Furthermore, if a large-area structure is formed by a plurality of small-area first conductive layers 911, second conductive layers 921, first electrochromic films 93 and second electrochromic films 94, the power supply component 96 can be used to apply voltage to the first conductive layers 911 and the second conductive layers 921 respectively, thereby reducing the slow fading speed caused by the large area of a single component, but the above-mentioned arrangement will complicate the electrical connection between the power supply component 96 and the first conductive layers 911 and the second conductive layers 921, and when the first conductive layers 911, the second conductive layers 921, the first electrochromic films 93 and the second electrochromic films 94 of small areas are pieced together into a large-area overall structure, the manufacturing process is further complicated, thereby greatly increasing the manufacturing cost.
[0006] Another solution is to extend the electrodes around the conductive layer into the interior of the electrochromic glass, and to design the upper and lower electrodes extending inward into hollow patterns including but not limited to: grid squares, diamonds, polygons, etc. for the sake of light transmittance. However, these methods have been found through actual measurements to be prone to large current surges and electric field convergence at the intersections of electrodes constituting the same layer of the hollow mesh and / or at the overlaps of the vertical projections of the upper and lower electrodes after the electrodes are energized, so that the color change state at the overlap is different from that at the non-overlap, causing the electrochromic glass to lose uniformity in fading and produce color spots, and the color-changing film and electrolyte layer in the overlapping area are prone to deterioration, resulting in a shortened lifespan.
[0007] In view of this, there is still a need to improve the prior art electrochromic elements with better large-area coloring and fading uniformity, stability, coloring memory, fast decoloring, and adjustable color depth. Summary of the invention
[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an electrochromic element with uniform color change to improve the shortcomings of the prior art.
[0009] Another purpose of the invention is to provide an electrochromic element with uniform color change, which improves the color change uniformity of the electrochromic element while increasing the overall color fading speed.
[0010] Another purpose of the invention is to provide an electrochromic element with uniform color change, which can increase the overall color fading speed and improve uniformity, while avoiding the problem of abnormal electric field and current caused by the overlapping correspondence of metal wires in the upper and lower layers.
[0011] To achieve the above and other purposes, the invention provides an electrochromic element with uniform color change, comprising: a first conductive substrate, having a first base material, a first conductive layer disposed on a surface of the first base material, the first conductive layer comprising a first conductive film and one or several first metal wires electrically connected to the first conductive film, each of the first metal wires extending along the X-axis direction of a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system; a second conductive substrate, having a second base material, a second conductive layer disposed on a surface of the second base material, the second conductive layer comprising a second conductive film and one or several second metal wires electrically connected to the second conductive film, each of the second metal wires extending along the Y-axis direction; a first electrochromic film disposed on a surface of the first conductive layer; a second electrochromic film disposed on a surface of the second conductive layer; and an electrolyte layer disposed between the first electrochromic film and the second electrochromic film; wherein the projections of the first metal wires and the second metal wires relative to each other along the Z-axis direction are respectively arranged alternately and non-overlappingly along the Y-axis direction.
[0012] In one embodiment, each of the first metal lines and each of the second metal lines are in an I-shaped shape.
[0013] In one embodiment, each of the first metal wires is in an I-shape, and one side of the I-shape has a number of comb teeth extending along the Y-axis. Each of the second metal wires is in an I-shape, and the I-shape has a number of comb teeth extending along the Y-axis on the side facing each comb tooth opening. The relative comb teeth and the projections of the comb teeth along the Z-axis direction are arranged alternately along the X-axis direction without overlapping.
[0014] In one embodiment, each of the first metal lines is disposed on a surface of the first substrate between the first substrate and the first conductive film, and each of the second metal lines is disposed on a surface of the second substrate between the second substrate and the second conductive film.
[0015] In one embodiment, the ratio of the projection area of each first metal wire along the Z-axis direction projected onto the surface of the first substrate to the distribution range area is not higher than 50%, and the ratio of the projection area of each second metal wire along the Z-axis direction projected onto the surface of the second substrate to the distribution range area is not higher than 50%.
[0016] In one embodiment, each of the first metal wires is disposed on a surface of the first conductive film between the first conductive film and the first electrochromic film, and each of the second metal wires is disposed on a surface of the second conductive film between the second conductive film and the second electrochromic film.
[0017] In one embodiment, the ratio of the projection area of each of the first metal lines along the Z-axis direction onto the surface of the first conductive film to the distribution range area is not higher than 50%, and the ratio of the projection area of each of the second metal lines along the Z-axis direction onto the surface of the second conductive film to the distribution range area is not higher than 50%.
[0018] In one embodiment, a power supply component is further included. The power supply component has a first electrical connection port and a second electrical connection port. The first electrical connection port is electrically connected to the first conductive layer, and the second electrical connection port is electrically connected to the second conductive layer.
[0019] In one embodiment, a packaging body is further included, which is disposed between the first conductive film and the second conductive film and surrounds the first electrochromic film, the second electrochromic film and the side surfaces of the electrolyte layer.
[0020] In one embodiment, a power supply component is further included. The power supply component has a first electrical connection port and a second electrical connection port. The first electrical connection port is electrically connected to each of the first metal wires, and the second electrical connection port is electrically connected to each of the second metal wires.
[0021] In one embodiment, one end of each of the first metal wires is electrically connected to a first metal conductive layer, and one end of each of the second metal wires is electrically connected to a second metal conductive layer.
[0022] In one embodiment, a power supply component is further included. The power supply component has a first electrical connection port and a second electrical connection port. The first electrical connection port is electrically connected to the first metal conductive layer, and the second electrical connection port is electrically connected to the second metal conductive layer.
[0023] In one embodiment, the line width of the first metal line and the line width of the second metal line are between 1 μm and 10 mm.
[0024] In one embodiment, the thickness of the first metal line and the second metal line is between 10 nm and 0.1 mm, and the thickness of the first metal conductive layer and the second metal conductive layer is between 10 nm and 1 mm.
[0025] In one embodiment, the first metal wire and the second metal wire are parallel to each other and 5 mm to 1 m apart, the end edge of the first metal wire is 1 mm to 10 cm away from the second metal conductive layer, and the end edge of the second metal wire is 1 mm to 10 cm away from the first metal conductive layer.
[0026] In one embodiment, each of the first metal lines or each of the second metal lines is made of a metal or alloy having a resistivity between 10-6Ω·m and 10-8Ω·m.
[0027] In one embodiment, a material of each of the first metal lines or each of the second metal lines is selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, copper, aluminum, tungsten, tin and titanium.
[0028] In one embodiment, the first electrochromic film is made of any one of tungsten oxide, titanium oxide, niobium oxide and iridium oxide.
[0029] In one embodiment, the material of the first electrochromic film further includes a lithium element, wherein the x value of the lithium element in LixABy is between 0.01 and 2, A is any one of tungsten, titanium, niobium and iridium, and B is oxygen.
[0030] In one embodiment, the second electrochromic film is made of any one of vanadium oxide, nickel oxide, chromium oxide, manganese oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide and rhodium oxide.
[0031] In one embodiment, the material of the second electrochromic film further includes a lithium element, wherein the x value of the lithium element in LixCBy is between 0.01 and 2, C is any one of nickel, chromium, manganese, iron, copper and rhodium, and B is oxygen.
[0032] Accordingly, the present invention applies a number of first metal wires and a number of second metal wires as fingers on the first conductive substrate and the second conductive substrate respectively, forming two groups of forked metal wire groups, and the forked electrochromic structure in which the first metal wires and the second metal wires in each group are arranged alternately can increase the overall color fading speed and improve uniformity, while avoiding the problem of abnormal electric field and current caused by the overlap of the upper and lower metal electrode layers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0033] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a conventional voltage-chromic element.
[0034] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of a uniformly color-changing electrochromic element according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
[0035] Figure 3 This is a top view schematic diagram of the configuration of the first metal wire and the second metal wire according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0036] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of a uniformly color-changing electrochromic element according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
[0037] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Exploded perspective view of an embodiment.
[0038] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of a uniformly color-changing electrochromic element according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
[0039] Figure 7 This is a top view schematic diagram of the configuration of the first metal wire and the second metal wire according to another embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0040] In order to make the above and other purposes, effects, and features more obvious and understandable, some preferred embodiments are specifically cited below and described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. Without departing from the spirit of the invention, the present invention has a variety of implementation methods and is not limited to the details specifically described in the following implementation methods. The drawings may not be drawn according to the actual scale and are only provided for illustrating the embodiments.
[0041] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the uniformly colored electrochromic element of the first embodiment of this invention. Please refer to Figure 2 As shown, the uniformly color-changing electrochromic element of the present embodiment comprises: a first conductive substrate 1, a second conductive substrate 2, a first electrochromic film 3, a second electrochromic film 4 and an electrolyte layer 5. The first conductive substrate 1 and the second conductive substrate 2 are located at opposite ends of the electrochromic element of the present invention, and the first electrochromic film 3, the electrolyte layer 5 and the second electrochromic film 4 are sandwiched in sequence in the middle.
[0042] The first conductive substrate 1 has a first base material 11, and a first conductive layer 12 is disposed on a surface of the first base material 11. The first conductive layer 12 includes a first conductive film 121 and one or more first metal wires 122 electrically connected to the first conductive film 121. Each of the first metal wires 122 extends along the X-axis direction of a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system of the X-axis, the Y-axis and the Z-axis. The first electrochromic film 3 is disposed on a surface of the first conductive layer 12.
[0043] The second conductive substrate 2 has a second base material 21, and a second conductive layer 22 is arranged on a surface of the second base material 21. The second conductive layer 22 includes a second conductive film 221 and one or more second metal wires 222 electrically connected to the second conductive film 221. Each of the second metal wires 222 extends along the Y-axis direction. The second electrochromic film 4 is arranged on a surface of the second conductive layer 22, and the electrolyte layer 5 is arranged between the first electrochromic film 3 and the second electrochromic film 4. In the above structure, each of the first metal wires 122 and each of the second metal wires 222 are opposite to each other, and their projections along the Z-axis direction are arranged alternately along the Y-axis direction without overlapping.
[0044] Figure 3 This is a top view of the configuration of the first metal wire and the second metal wire according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 As shown, the projections of the first metal wires 122 and the second metal wires 222 along the Z-axis direction are arranged alternately without overlapping, and the first metal wires 122 and the second metal wires 222 are all in an I-shaped shape. In one embodiment, the line width W1 of the first metal wire 122 and the line width W2 of the second metal wire 222 are between 1 μm and 10 mm, and the thickness is between 10 nm and 0.1 mm. The first metal wire 122 and the adjacent second metal wire 222 are parallel to each other and separated by a distance S of 5 mm~1m, one end of each first metal wire 122 can be electrically connected to a first metal conductive layer 81 with a thickness of 10nm~1mm, one end of each second metal wire 222 can be electrically connected to a second metal conductive layer 82 with a thickness of 10nm~1mm, the end point B1 of the first metal wire 122 and the nearest second metal conductive layer 82 are separated by a distance S1 of 1mm~10cm, and the end point B2 of the second metal wire 222 and the nearest first metal conductive layer 81 are separated by a distance S2 of 1mm~10cm. Therefore, when the wire diameters of the first metal wire 122 and the second metal wire 222 are thin enough, and the areas occupied by the first metal wire 122 and the second metal wire 222 meet the above-mentioned ratio range, the first metal wire 122 and the second metal wire 222 can be difficult to be directly seen by human eyes, and maintain appropriate light transmittance, so that the structure of the invention can be applied to transparent or non-transparent glass structures, thereby improving the overall practicality.
[0045] Thus, when each of the first metal wires 122 is energized, since the first metal wires 122 directly contact the first electrochromic film 3, the electric field around the first electrochromic film 3 can be changed at the first time to accelerate the transfer of ions or electrons in the first electrochromic film 3. When the first metal wires 122 gradually change the overall voltage state of the first conductive film 121, the electric field strength around the first electrochromic film 3 can be made uniform to complete the coloring and fading operation of the first electrochromic film 3. Therefore, the setting of the above-mentioned first metal wires 122 can further improve the coloring and fading speed of the first electrochromic film 3. Similarly, the conductivity of the second metal wire 222 is better than the conductivity of the second conductive film 221. Therefore, through the provision of the second metal wire 222, the electrical conduction and electric field formation speed of the second conductive layer 22 can be improved, thereby improving the coloring and fading speed of the second electrochromic film 4. In addition, due to the line width, proportion and mutual staggered configuration of each of the first metal wires 122 and each of the second metal wires 222, it is further possible to avoid the problem of uneven coloring and fading speed and material degradation caused by the abnormal increase of the electric field and current at that location due to the overlapping correspondence of the upper and lower layer Z-axis projection directions of each of the first metal wires 122 and each of the second metal wires 222.
[0046] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of a uniformly color-changing electrochromic element of the third embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 As shown, each of the first metal lines 122 is disposed on the surface of the first substrate 11 between the first substrate 11 and the first conductive film 121 , and each of the second metal lines 222 is disposed on the surface of the second substrate 21 between the second substrate 21 and the second conductive film 221 . In other words, the arrangement sequence of the first conductive film 121 and each first metal wire 122 of the first conductive layer 12 is that each first metal wire 122 is first formed on the first substrate 11, and then the first conductive film 121 is formed on each first metal wire 122 and the first substrate 11 with hollow spacing therebetween. Similarly, the arrangement of the second conductive film 221 and each second metal wire 222 of the second conductive layer 22 is that each second metal wire 222 is first formed on the second substrate 21, and then the second conductive film 221 is formed on each second metal wire 222 and the second substrate 21 with hollow spacing therebetween. This structure also has the same characteristic as the first embodiment of the aforementioned structure in that it can improve the coloring and fading speeds of the first electrochromic film 3 and the second electrochromic film 4.
[0047] For example Figure 2As shown, the ratio of the projection area of each first metal wire 122 projected on the surface of the first substrate 11 along the Z-axis direction to the distribution range area is not higher than 50%, and the ratio of the projection area of each second metal wire 222 projected on the surface of the second substrate 21 along the Z-axis direction to the distribution range area is not higher than 50%, so as to control the magnetic field interference range of each first metal wire 122 and each second metal wire 222, and avoid the current of each first metal wire 122 and each second metal wire 222 from being too close to each other to produce a current convergence effect, resulting in a larger electric field and current convergence in the area.
[0048] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of a uniformly color-changing electrochromic element according to a second embodiment of the present invention, Figure 5 for Figure 4 3D exploded view of the embodiment. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the overall structure of the second embodiment is similar to that of the first embodiment, wherein the difference includes that each of the first metal wires 122 is disposed on the surface of the first conductive film 121 between the first conductive film 121 and the first electrochromic film 3, and each of the second metal wires 222 is disposed on the surface of the second conductive film 221 between the second conductive film 221 and the second electrochromic film 4. In other words, the arrangement order and relationship of the first conductive film 121 and each of the first metal wires 122 of the first conductive layer 12 are as follows: firstly, the first conductive film 121 is formed on the first substrate 11, and then, each of the first metal wires 122 is formed on the first conductive film 121, and then, the first electrochromic film 3 is formed on each of the first metal wires 122 and on the first conductive film 121 with hollow spacing therebetween. Similarly, the second conductive film 221 and each of the second metal wires 222 of the second conductive layer 22 are arranged on the first conductive film 121. The arrangement order and relationship of the lines 222 are as follows: first, the second conductive film 221 is formed on the second substrate 21, and then each second metal line 222 is formed on the second conductive film 221, and then the second electrochromic film 4 is formed on each second metal line 222 and on the second conductive film 221 with hollow spacing therebetween. Therefore, this structure of the second embodiment also has the same characteristic as the aforementioned first embodiment in that it can improve the coloring and fading speeds of the first electrochromic film 3 and the second electrochromic film 4.
[0049] It is worth noting that in the above-mentioned second embodiment, the ratio of the projection area of each of the first metal wires 122 projected on the surface of the first substrate 11 along the Z-axis direction to the distribution range area is not higher than 50%, and the ratio of the projection area of each of the second metal wires 222 projected on the surface of the second substrate 21 along the Z-axis direction to the distribution range area is not higher than 50%, so as to maintain the transparency of the first conductive substrate 1 and the second conductive substrate 2, and maintain a certain degree of electrochromic transparency to opaque contrast.
[0050] Figure 6This is a cross-sectional view of a uniformly colored electrochromic element of the third embodiment of the present invention. Please refer to Figure 6 As shown, the overall structure of the third embodiment is similar to that of the second embodiment, wherein the differences include that each of the first metal wires 122 is disposed on the surface of the first conductive film 121 between the first conductive film 121 and the first electrochromic film 3, and each of the second metal wires 222 is disposed on the surface of the second conductive film 221 between the second conductive film 221 and the second electrochromic film 4.
[0051] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, in the first, second and third embodiments, one end of each of the first metal wires 122 is electrically connected to a first metal conductive layer 81 , and one end of each of the second metal wires 222 is electrically connected to a second metal conductive layer 82 .
[0052] In the third embodiment, the ratio of the projection area of each first metal wire 122 projected on the surface of the first conductive film 121 along the Z-axis direction to the distribution area is not higher than 50%, and the ratio of the projection area of each second metal wire 222 projected on the surface of the second conductive film 221 along the Z-axis direction to the distribution area is not higher than 50%, so as to maintain the transparency of the first conductive substrate 1 and the second conductive substrate 2, and maintain a certain degree of contrast from electrochromic transparency to opaqueness.
[0053] In addition, in each embodiment, the line width W1 of the first metal line 122 and the line width W2 of the second metal line 222 are between 1 μm and 10 mm, and the line width W2 of the second metal line 222 is between 1 μm and 10 mm.
[0054] Figure 7 This is a top view of the configuration of the first metal wire and the second metal wire of another embodiment of the invention. Please refer to Figure 7As shown, each of the first metal wires 122 of the present embodiment presents an I-shaped shape, and one side of the I-shaped shape has a plurality of comb teeth 123 extending along the Y axis, and each of the second metal wires 222 presents an I-shaped shape, and the I-shaped shape has a plurality of comb teeth 223 extending along the Y axis on the opening side facing each of the comb teeth 123. The projections of the comb teeth 123 and the comb teeth 223 along the Z axis are arranged alternately along the X axis without overlapping, and the line width W1 of the first metal wire 122 and the line width W2 of the second metal wire 222 are between 1 μm and 10 μm. mm, and the first metal wire 122 and the adjacent second metal wire 222 are parallel to each other and separated by a distance S of 5 mm to 1 m, the end edge B1 of the first metal wire 122 and the second metal conductive layer 82 are separated by a distance S1 of 1 mm to 10 cm, and the end edge of the second metal wire 222 and the first metal conductive layer 81 are separated by a distance S2 of 1 mm to 10 cm, wherein the thickness of each of the first metal wires 122, each of the second metal wires 222, the first metal conductive layer 81 and the second metal conductive layer 82 are all between 10 nm and 1 mm.
[0055] Thus, when the wire diameters of the first metal wire 122 and the second metal wire 222 are thin enough and the areas occupied by the first metal wire 122 and the second metal wire 222 meet the above-mentioned ratio range, the first metal wire 122 and the second metal wire 222 can be difficult to be directly seen by the human eye and maintain appropriate light transmittance, so that the structure of the present invention can be applied to transparent or non-transparent glass structures, thereby improving the overall practicality.
[0056] like Figure 2 As shown, the invention includes a power supply component 7, which has a first electrical connection port 71 and a second electrical connection port 72. The first electrical connection port 71 is electrically connected to the first conductive layer 12, and the second electrical connection port 72 is electrically connected to the second conductive layer 22.
[0057] like Figure 4 , Figure 6As shown, the invention may further include a power supply component 7 in the second embodiment and the third embodiment, and the power supply component 7 has a first electrical connection port 71 and a second electrical connection port 72, wherein the first electrical connection port 71 is electrically connected to the first metal conductive layer 81, and the second electrical connection port 72 is electrically connected to the second metal conductive layer 82. When each of the first metal wires 122 is electrically connected to the first metal conductive layer 81, and the power supply component 7 is also electrically connected to the first metal conductive layer 81, several metal wires of the first metal wires 122 can be electrically conductive at the same time, thereby accelerating the electrical conduction speed, thereby increasing the coloring and fading speed of the first electrochromic film 3; similarly, when each of the second metal wires 222 is electrically connected to the second metal conductive layer 82, and the power supply component 7 is also electrically connected to the second metal conductive layer 82, several metal wires of the second metal wires 222 can be electrically conductive at the same time, thereby accelerating the electrical conduction speed, thereby increasing the coloring and fading speed of the second electrochromic film 4.
[0058] In addition, as in the structures of the first to third embodiments described above, the first electrical connection port 71 of the power supply component 7 can also be electrically connected to each of the first metal wires 122, and the second electrical connection port 72 can be electrically connected to each of the second metal wires 222, so that the electrochromic element of the present invention can change color quickly and evenly.
[0059] like Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the invention may further include a packaging body 6, which is disposed between the first conductive film 121 and the second conductive film 221 and surrounds the first electrochromic film 3, the second electrochromic film 4 and the side surfaces of the electrolyte layer 5 and other intermediate layers.
[0060] In each embodiment, each of the first metal lines 122 or each of the second metal lines 222 is made of a metal or alloy having a resistivity between 10-6 Ω·m and 10-8 Ω·m.
[0061] In various embodiments, the material of each of the first metal lines 122 or each of the second metal lines 222 is selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, copper, aluminum, tungsten, tin and titanium.
[0062] In each embodiment, the first electrochromic film 3 is made of any one of tungsten oxide, titanium oxide, niobium oxide and iridium oxide. The material of the first electrochromic film 3 further includes a lithium element, wherein the x value of the lithium element in LixABy is between 0.01 and 2, A is any one of tungsten, titanium, niobium and iridium, and B is oxygen.
[0063] In each embodiment, the second electrochromic film 4 is made of any one of vanadium oxide, nickel oxide, chromium oxide, manganese oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide and rhodium oxide. The material of the second electrochromic film 4 further includes a lithium element, wherein the x value of the lithium element in LixCBy is between 0.01 and 2, C is any one of nickel, chromium, manganese, iron, copper and rhodium, and B is an oxygen element.
[0064] It is worth mentioning that the first substrate 11 of the present invention can be made of glass or other transparent materials, but not limited thereto, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) or polyester (PES). The second substrate 21 can be made of glass or other transparent materials, but not limited thereto, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) or polyester (PES).
[0065] The first conductive film 121 may be a transparent conductive film, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum zinc oxide (AZO) or fluorine tin oxide (FTO), wherein the first conductive film 121 may be formed by sputtering, evaporation or chemical vapor deposition, and the thickness thereof is between 50 and 500 nanometers.
[0066] The second conductive film 221 may be a transparent conductive film, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum zinc oxide (AZO) or fluorine tin oxide (FTO), wherein the first conductive film 121 may be formed by sputtering, evaporation or chemical vapor deposition, and the thickness thereof is between 50 and 500 nanometers.
[0067] The first electrochromic film 3 may be formed on the surface of the first electrode layer 12 by sputtering or the like, but is not limited thereto. The first electrochromic film 3 may be made of one of tungsten oxide, titanium oxide, niobium oxide, and iridium oxide. In this embodiment, tungsten oxide is selected. In addition, the second electrochromic film 4 may be made of one of vanadium oxide, nickel oxide, chromium oxide, manganese oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, and rhodium oxide. In this embodiment, nickel oxide is selected.
[0068] In addition, each of the first metal wires 122 and each of the second metal wires 222 of the present invention can be simply formed through a coating or printing process, which can improve the overall fading speed while shortening the process time and reducing production costs.
[0069] In summary, the invention ensures and maintains the overall conductivity speed of each of the first metal wires and each of the second metal wires through the parallel and alternating arrangement and the mutual coordination of maintaining a specific spacing, and the selection of metal materials with appropriate resistivity, thereby improving the coloring and fading speed and uniformity of the first and second electrochromic films. The invention enables the voltage applied by the power supply component to be quickly transmitted to every corner of the first metal wire and the second metal wire through the aforementioned parallel and alternating arrangement of the first metal wire and the second metal wire and the setting of the specific spacing and the setting of the power supply component, so as to improve the speed of forming the electric field, thereby improving the coloring and fading speed and uniformity of the first electrochromic film and the second electrochromic film, and due to the non-converging circuit design of the first metal wire and the second metal wire, after power is turned on, the current of the circuit only flows in one direction without converging impact, which can reduce the fluctuation of the current or magnetic field, avoid the generation of color spots of the electrochromic film and the early degradation of the material itself.
[0070] The invention has been disclosed by the above preferred embodiments, but they are not used to limit the invention. Those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the invention belongs can clearly understand that the invention is not limited to the details of the above illustrative implementation methods. The implementation methods are only for explaining the invention, not for limiting the invention. The invention is based on the scope of the patent application, not on the above description. The meaning of the scope of the patent application and its equivalent scope belong to the scope of the patent right of the invention.
[0071] Explanation of symbols
[0072] [This creation]
[0073] First conductive substrate (1)
[0074] First substrate (11)
[0075] First conductive layer (12)
[0076] First conductive film (121)
[0077] First metal wire (122)
[0078] Comb teeth(123)
[0079] Second conductive substrate (2)
[0080] Second substrate (21)
[0081] Second conductive layer (22)
[0082] Second conductive film (221)
[0083] Second metal wire (222)
[0084] Comb teeth(223)
[0085] The first electrochromic film (3)
[0086] Second electrochromic film (4)
[0087] Electrolyte layer (5)
[0088] Package(6)
[0089] Power supply components (7)
[0090] First electrical connection port (71)
[0091] Second electrical connection port (72)
[0092] First metal conductive layer (81)
[0093] Second metal conductive layer (82)
[0094] Edge(B1,B2)
[0095] Distance from edge (S, S1, S2)
[0096] Line width (W1, W2)
[0097] [customary knowledge]
[0098] First transparent conductive substrate (91)
[0099] First conductive layer (911)
[0100] Second transparent conductive substrate (92)
[0101] Second conductive layer (921)
[0102] The first electrochromic film (93)
[0103] Second electrochromic film (94)
[0104] Electrolyte layer (95)
[0105] Power Supply Components(96)
Claims
1. A uniformly color-changing electrochromic element, comprising: A first conductive substrate (1) comprises a first base material (11), a first conductive layer (12) is provided on a surface of the first base material (11), the first conductive layer (12) comprises a first conductive film (121) and one or more first metal wires (122) electrically connected to the first conductive film (121), each of the first metal wires (122) extending along the X-axis direction of a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system; A second conductive substrate (2) has a second base material (21), a second conductive layer (22) is provided on a surface of the second base material (21), the second conductive layer (22) comprises a second conductive film (221) and one or more second metal wires (222) electrically connected to the second conductive film (221), each of the second metal wires (222) extending along the Y-axis direction; A first electrochromic film (3) is disposed on a surface of the first conductive layer (12); a second electrochromic film (4) disposed on a surface of the second conductive layer (22); and An electrolyte layer (5) is disposed between the first electrochromic film (3) and the second electrochromic film (4); in, The projections of the first metal wires (122) and the second metal wires (222) along the Z-axis direction are arranged alternately along the Y-axis direction without overlapping.
2. The uniformly color-changing electrochromic element according to claim 1, wherein: Each of the first metal wires (122) and each of the second metal wires (222) are in an I-shaped shape.
3. The uniformly color-changing electrochromic element according to claim 1, wherein: Each of the first metal wires (122) is in an I-shaped shape, and one side of the I-shaped shape has a number of comb teeth (123) extending along the Y axis. Each of the second metal wires (222) is in an I-shaped shape, and the I-shaped shape has a number of comb teeth (223) extending along the Y axis on the opening side facing each of the comb teeth (123). The projections of the relative comb teeth (123) and the relative comb teeth (223) along the Z axis are arranged alternately along the X axis without overlapping.
4. The uniformly color-changing electrochromic element according to claim 1, wherein: Each of the first metal wires (122) is disposed on the surface of the first substrate (11) between the first substrate (11) and the first conductive film (121), and each of the second metal wires (222) is disposed on the surface of the second substrate (21) between the second substrate (21) and the second conductive film (221).
5. The uniformly color-changing electrochromic element according to claim 4, wherein: The ratio of the projection area of each first metal wire (122) projected along the Z-axis direction onto the surface of the first substrate (11) to the distribution range area is not higher than 50%, and the ratio of the projection area of each second metal wire (222) projected along the Z-axis direction onto the surface of the second substrate (21) to the distribution range area is not higher than 50%.
6. The uniformly color-changing electrochromic element according to claim 1, wherein: Each of the first metal wires (122) is arranged on the surface of the first conductive film (121) between the first conductive film (121) and the first electrochromic film (3), and each of the second metal wires (222) is arranged on the surface of the second conductive film (221) between the second conductive film (221) and the second electrochromic film (4).
7. The uniformly color-changing electrochromic element according to claim 6, wherein: The ratio of the projection area of each first metal line (122) projected along the Z-axis direction onto the surface of the first conductive film (121) to the distribution range area is not higher than 50%, and the ratio of the projection area of each second metal line (222) projected along the Z-axis direction onto the surface of the second conductive film (221) to the distribution range area is not higher than 50%.
8. The uniformly color-changing electrochromic element as described in claim 1 further comprises a power supply component (7), the power supply component (7) having a first electrical connection port (71) and a second electrical connection port (72), the first electrical connection port (71) being electrically connected to the first conductive layer (12), and the second electrical connection port (72) being electrically connected to the second conductive layer (22).
9. The uniformly color-changing electrochromic element as described in any one of claims 1, 4 and 6 further comprises a packaging body (6) disposed between the first conductive film (121) and the second conductive film (221) and surrounding the side surfaces of the first electrochromic film (3), the second electrochromic film (4) and the electrolyte layer (5).
10. The electrochromic element as described in claim 4 or 6 further comprises a power supply component (7), the power supply component (7) having a first electrical connection port (71) and a second electrical connection port (72), the first electrical connection port (71) being electrically connected to each of the first metal wires (122), and the second electrical connection port (72) being electrically connected to each of the second metal wires (222).
11. The uniformly color-changing electrochromic element according to claim 4 or 6, wherein: One end of each of the first metal wires (122) is electrically connected to a first metal conductive layer (81), and one end of each of the second metal wires (222) is electrically connected to a second metal conductive layer (82).
12. The uniformly color-changing electrochromic element as described in claim 11 further comprises a power supply component (7), the power supply component (7) having a first electrical connection port (71) and a second electrical connection port (72), the first electrical connection port (71) being electrically connected to the first metal conductive layer (81), and the second electrical connection port (72) being electrically connected to the second metal conductive layer (82).
13. The uniformly color-changing electrochromic element according to claim 1, wherein: The line width (W1) of the first metal line (122) and the line width (W2) of the second metal line (222) are between 1 μm and 10 mm.
14. The uniformly color-changing electrochromic element according to claim 11, wherein: The thickness of the first metal line (122) and the second metal line (222) is between 10 nm and 0.1 mm, and the thickness of the first metal conductive layer (81) and the second metal conductive layer (82) is between 10 nm and 1 mm.
15. The uniformly color-changing electrochromic element according to claim 13, wherein: The first metal wire (122) and the second metal wire (222) are parallel to each other and separated by a distance S of 5 mm to 1 m. The end edge (B1) of the first metal wire (122) and the second metal conductive layer (82) are separated by a distance S1 of 1 mm to 10 cm. The end edge (B2) of the second metal wire (222) and the first metal conductive layer (81) are separated by a distance S2 of 1 mm to 10 cm.
16. The uniformly color-changing electrochromic element according to claim 15, wherein: Each of the first metal lines (122) or each of the second metal lines (222) is made of a metal or alloy having a resistivity between 10-6Ω·m and 10-8Ω·m.
17. The uniformly color-changing electrochromic element according to claim 1, wherein: The material of each of the first metal lines (122) or each of the second metal lines (222) is selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, copper, aluminum, tungsten, tin and titanium.
18. The uniformly color-changing electrochromic element according to claim 1, wherein: The first electrochromic film (3) is made of any one of tungsten oxide, titanium oxide, niobium oxide and iridium oxide.
19. The uniformly color-changing electrochromic element according to claim 18, wherein: The material of the first electrochromic film (3) further comprises a lithium element, wherein the x value of the lithium element in LixABy is between 0.01 and 2, A is any one of tungsten, titanium, niobium and iridium, and B is oxygen.
20. The uniformly color-changing electrochromic element according to claim 1, wherein: The second electrochromic film (4) is made of any one of vanadium oxide, nickel oxide, chromium oxide, manganese oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide and rhodium oxide.
21. The uniformly color-changing electrochromic element according to claim 19, wherein: The material of the second electrochromic film (4) further comprises a lithium element, wherein the x value of the lithium element in LixCBy is between 0.01 and 2, C is any one of nickel, chromium, manganese, iron, copper and rhodium, and B is oxygen.