Cultivation method for figs in greenhouse with two crops per year

Abstract

The present application relates to a method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse, comprising the following steps: selecting planting containers and fig plants, starting planting in a greenhouse in early February, pre-treating the root systems of the fig plants before planting in the containers, immediately watering the plants, and drip-irrigating with a plant growth regulator and a fungicide seven days later; for the first production, pruning and fixing the stems of the figs in mid-February, selecting and retaining strong branches for cultivation after new shoots sprout; controlling growth with prohexadione-calcium every 10-15 days during the rapid growth period of the new shoots, pinching the new shoots when they reach 1.5 meters, and then removing side buds, with the fruits ripening in July or August; for the second production, pruning the figs in mid-to-late August, re-pruning each fruiting branch with 2-3 buds, selecting and retaining 1-2 new shoots with suitable orientations for cultivation of new fruiting branches after sprouting, and removing all other new shoots; and covering the greenhouse and raising the temperature in late October, with the fruits ripening in January or February of the following year. This method is simple, easy, efficient, low-cost, not restricted by ground temperature, and can be put on the market in different seasons.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of fruit tree cultivation technology, and in particular relates to a method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse suitable for cold and arid areas (such as southern Xinjiang). Background Art

[0002] Figs bear fruit the same year they are planted, reaching peak production the following year, offering significant economic benefits. Currently, the main fig variety grown in southern Xinjiang is the local yellow Zaohuang variety. In recent years, new fig varieties such as Bojihong, Balaonai, and Masyitaofen have become increasingly popular in the market, becoming a favorite among leisure picking gardens and agricultural cooperatives. Various regions in southern Xinjiang are actively introducing and developing these varieties. However, under open-field cultivation conditions, figs mature in September, and by the time frost strikes in October, only one-third of the fruit will reach maturity, resulting in a waste of approximately two-thirds of the yield. Furthermore, the figs must be buried in the ground over the winter, which is costly and inefficient.

[0003] Facility cultivation can effectively avoid these problems. Figs are currently mostly grown in greenhouses, utilizing micro-environmental regulation to ensure normal ripening and safe wintering. However, the current greenhouse cultivation method used by the industry primarily involves a single crop per year. This method presents challenges such as low ground temperatures in early spring, late bud break, a long production cycle, concentrated ripening periods, low effective yields, and low overall economic benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing method of cultivating figs in greenhouses with one crop per year, the present application proposes a new method of cultivating figs in greenhouses with two crops per year, which is suitable for cold and arid areas (such as southern Xinjiang).

[0005] The present application aims to provide a method for cultivating figs in a greenhouse with facilities, which is not restricted by ground temperature, can be put on the market in different seasons, and can achieve efficient production with two crops a year.

[0006] In order to achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solutions.

[0007] Specifically, the present application provides a method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse, such as Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0008] S1. Container Planting: Select planting containers and fig plants. Begin planting in a greenhouse in early February. Trim the roots of the fig plants before soaking them in a mixture of rooting powder and chlorothalonil. Allow to dry in the shade before planting in the containers. Immediately after planting, water thoroughly. Seven days later, drip-irrigate with plant growth regulators and fungicides.

[0009] S2. First crop: In mid-February, the figs are cut and the stems are set. After new shoots sprout, strong branches are selected for cultivation. During the rapid growth period, 400-600 times the dosage of calcium cyclohexane is used every 10-15 days to control growth. When new shoots reach 1.5 meters, they are topped and side buds are removed. Fruit matures in July and August.

[0010] S3. Second crop: In mid-to-late August, the figs are pruned back, leaving 2-3 buds on each fruiting branch. After budding, 1-2 new shoots with suitable orientation and space are selected from each branch to cultivate new fruiting branches, and all others are removed. In late October, the greenhouse is covered and heated according to temperature changes. The fruits mature in January and February of the following year.

[0011] Optionally, according to some embodiments of the present application, the planting container in step S1 of the method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse of the present application includes but is not limited to: a non-woven bag, a root control container or a purple clay pot; the diameter of the planting container is 30-45 cm and the height is 25-45 cm.

[0012] Optionally, according to some embodiments of the present application, the fig plants described in step S1 of the twice-a-year cultivation method of greenhouse figs of the present application are 2-year-old or perennial.

[0013] Optionally, according to some embodiments of the present application, the soaking treatment in a mixture of rooting powder and chlorothalonil as described in step S1 of the method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse of the present application comprises: soaking the roots of the fig plants in a mixture of 600-800 times rooting powder and 700-800 times chlorothalonil for 30 seconds and then taking them out;

[0014] The method of planting the fig plant in the container includes: first filling 40% of the container with a substrate, then placing the fig plant in the center of the container, and then filling the container with the remaining substrate. After filling, the root system of the fig plant is slightly lifted upward and compacted by shaking, so that the amount of substrate filled in the container is flush with the position where the root neck of the fig plant emerges from the soil.

[0015] The drip irrigation plant growth regulator and fungicide comprises: drip irrigation with 25,000 times of Bihu and 800 times of 30% hydroxychloroquine.

[0016] Optionally, according to some embodiments of the present application, the substrate used in the twice-a-year cultivation method of greenhouse figs in the present application is composed of the following raw materials in the following mass ratios:

[0017] Garden soil: organic fertilizer: organic matter: particulate matter = 8:1:0.5:0.5.

[0018] Optionally, according to some embodiments of the present application, the stem setting in step S2 of the twice-a-year cultivation method of greenhouse figs of the present application is performed within 10 cm from the container opening.

[0019] Optionally, according to some embodiments of the present application, step S2 of the method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse of the present application further includes:

[0020] In the early stage of the first crop, water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer should be applied at a concentration of 0.2-0.3%;

[0021] In the middle and late stages of the first crop, water-soluble phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer should be applied at a fertilizer concentration of 0.3-0.5%;

[0022] When the outside temperature is stable above 25℃, ventilate the room to keep the temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse consistent with the outside temperature.

[0023] Pest and disease control is carried out by hanging yellow boards, using sweet and sour liquid or ozone generators.

[0024] Optionally, according to some embodiments of the present application, in the first production in step S2 of the twice-a-year cultivation method of greenhouse figs in the present application, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 22-28°C during the germination and new shoot growth period during the day and at 15-18°C at night, the air humidity is maintained at 60%-80%, and the soil humidity is maintained at 40%-60%.

[0025] Optionally, according to some embodiments of the present application, in the method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse facility of the present application, the water and fertilizer management and temperature and humidity control cultivation management measures for the second crop production in step S3 are exactly the same as those for the first crop production in step S2.

[0026] In addition, the present application also relates to the application of the above-mentioned facility greenhouse fig cultivation method for two crops a year in fig tree cultivation production.

[0027] In summary, this application utilizes greenhouse-based root cultivation of figs, solving the problems of low ground temperature, late fig germination, high heating costs for off-season cultivation, and low efficiency of one harvest per year in traditional greenhouse-based soil cultivation, thereby achieving the goal of achieving two harvests per year in greenhouse-based fig cultivation. This method has the advantages of being simple, efficient, and low-cost, can significantly improve the economic benefits of fig cultivation, and has broad application prospects in fig cultivation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments recorded in this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 The figure is a flowchart of the overall implementation of the present application method.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a picture of the first batch of plants produced in this application method.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a picture of the second batch of plants produced in this application method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application more clear, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. This application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementation methods. The details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this application.

[0033] At the same time, it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments described below; it should also be understood that the terms used in the examples of the present application are for describing specific embodiments rather than for limiting the scope of protection of the present application.

[0034] When the embodiments provide numerical ranges, it should be understood that, unless otherwise specified herein, the two endpoints of each numerical range and any numerical value between the two endpoints can be selected. Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used in this application have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. In addition to the specific methods, equipment, and materials used in the embodiments, according to the prior art mastery and the records of this application by those skilled in the art, any methods, equipment, and materials of the prior art similar or equivalent to the methods, equipment, and materials described in the embodiments of the present application can also be used to implement this application. In this application, unless otherwise specified, all parts and percentages are weight units, and unless otherwise specified, all instruments and reagents can be obtained from commercial sources or are commonly used in this industry. The experimental methods and operations in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are conventional experimental methods and operations in this area.

[0035] Example: A method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse

[0036] This method comprises the following steps:

[0037] (1) Variety selection

[0038] The varieties that should be chosen are Brooke Red, Brunrick, Mas Yi Taupin, Balaunay, etc., and the tree should be more than 2 years old.

[0039] Container planting

[0040] Planting containers should preferably be non-woven bags, root control containers, or purple clay pots, with a diameter of 30-45 cm and a height of 25-45 cm. Planting should begin in a greenhouse in early February. Trim the roots during planting and soak them in a mixture of 600-800 times diluted rooting powder and 700-800 times diluted chlorothalonil for 30 seconds, then dry in the shade. Fill the container 40% with substrate (garden soil: organic fertilizer: organic matter: particulate matter mass ratio = 8:1:0.5:0.5). Place the fig tree in the center of the container and fill it with the prepared substrate. Once filled, lift the roots slightly upward and shake to firm them. Fill the container with substrate until the root neck of the fig emerges from the soil. Insert one or two drip irrigation rods in each container. Water thoroughly immediately after planting, and drip irrigate with Bihu and chlorothalonil after seven days.

[0041] (3) First crop production

[0042] In mid-February, trim the figs and set the stems within 10 cm of the container opening. After new shoots emerge, select two strong branches for cultivation. During the rapid growth period, apply 400-600 times the dosage of procyclate calcium every 10-15 days to control growth. When new shoots reach 1.5 meters, pinch them off. Remove lateral buds promptly after pinching. Strengthen water and fertilizer management, choosing water-soluble fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizers should be used primarily in the early stages, with a suitable concentration of 0.2-0.3%. Phosphate, potassium, and calcium fertilizers should be used primarily in the mid-to-late stages, with a suitable concentration of 0.3-0.5%. During the budding and new shoot growth periods, the greenhouse temperature should be maintained at 22-28°C during the day and 15-18°C at night. Maintain air humidity at 60%-80%, and soil humidity at 40%-60%. Around mid-May, when the outside temperature is stable above 25°C, ensure ventilation and keep the greenhouse temperature and humidity consistent with the outside environment. Use yellow boards, sweet and sour liquid, ozone generators and other methods to control pests and diseases. From July to August, the fruits gradually mature. When harvesting, remove the lower old leaves in time and maintain ventilation and light. The first batch of plants are shown in the following pictures. Figure 2 shown.

[0043] (IV) Second crop production

[0044] In mid-to-late August, the figs are pruned, and each fruiting branch is pruned back to 2-3 buds. After budding, 1-2 new shoots with suitable orientation and space are selected from each branch to cultivate new fruiting branches, and the rest are removed. The cultivation and management measures such as water and fertilizer management, temperature and humidity control are the same as those for the first crop. After late October, the greenhouse is covered and the temperature is raised in time according to the temperature changes. The fruits mature in January and February. The pictures of the plants produced in the second crop are as follows: Figure 3 shown.

[0045] Comparative experiment on fig cultivation:

[0046] (1) Variety selection

[0047] The variety chosen is the large-fruited variety Bojihong, which has purple-red skin and red flesh. The seedling has a diameter of 2.5 cm, a complete root system, no mechanical damage and pests and diseases, and is 3 years old.

[0048] (2) Planting

[0049] (1) Field planting

[0050] Planting should begin in the field in late April. When planting, dig a planting pit 30cm in diameter and 40cm deep. Plant in a north-south orientation, with a spacing of 1.5m x 2m. Before planting, trim the fig's roots and soak them in a mixture of 800x rooting powder and 800x chlorothalonil for 30 seconds, then dry in the shade. When planting, place the fig tree in the center of the planting pit and backfill the pit with soil. While backfilling, lift the roots slightly upward to allow them to fully stretch. The backfill should be level with the original unearthed position of the fig's root neck after being pressed and compacted. Immediately after planting, water thoroughly. Seven days later, irrigate the root zone with 25,000x Bihu and 800x 30% chlorothalonil.

[0051] (2) Greenhouse cultivation

[0052] Planting should be carried out in a greenhouse in late March. When planting, dig a planting pit 30cm in diameter and 40cm deep. Plant in a north-south orientation, with a spacing of 1.5m x 2m. Before planting, trim the fig's roots and soak them in a mixture of 800x rooting powder and 800x chlorothalonil for 30 seconds, then dry in the shade. When planting, place the fig tree in the center of the planting pit and backfill the pit with soil. While backfilling, lift the roots slightly upward to allow them to fully expand. The backfill should be level with the original unearthed position of the fig's root neck after being compacted. Immediately after planting, water thoroughly. Seven days later, irrigate the root zone with 25,000x Bihu and 800x 30% chlorothalonil.

[0053] (3) Greenhouse + container planting

[0054] Choose a 35cm x 40cm (diameter x height) non-woven bag as the planting container. Planting should begin in the greenhouse in early February, with a row spacing of 1.0m x 0.4m. Trim the roots before planting, then soak them in a mixture of 800x rooting powder and 800x chlorothalonil for 30 seconds, then dry in the shade. Fill the non-woven bag 40% with substrate (garden soil: decomposed sheep manure: crushed straw: river sand, mass ratio = 8:1:0.5:0.5). Place the fig tree in the center of the bag and fill it with the prepared substrate. Once filled, lift the roots slightly upward and shake to firm them. Fill the bag with substrate until the root neck of the fig emerges from the soil. Insert a drip irrigation rod in each container and water thoroughly immediately after planting. Seven days later, drip irrigation should be applied with 25,000x Bihu and 800x 30% chlorothalonil.

[0055] (3) Production

[0056] (1) Field production

[0057] Figs should be cut back in early May. After the figs begin to sprout, select two strong branches for cultivation. During the rapid growth period of new shoots, use 500 times the amount of calcium cyclohexane every 15 days to control growth. When new shoots reach 1.8 meters, pinch them off. After pinching, remove side buds promptly. Strengthen water and fertilizer management, choosing water-soluble fertilizers. In the early stage, nitrogen fertilizers should be used primarily, with an application rate of 15 kg per mu. In the middle and late stages, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium fertilizers should be used primarily, with an application rate of 25 kg per mu. Maintain soil moisture content at 60%. Use yellow boards and sweet and sour liquids for pest and disease control. Fruits begin to mature in late August. Remove old leaves from the lower part of the tree when harvesting, and maintain ventilation and light transmission.

[0058] (2) Greenhouse production

[0059] Figs should be cut back in early April. After the figs begin to sprout, select two strong branches for cultivation. During the rapid growth period of new shoots, use 500 times the amount of calcium cyclohexane every 10 days to control growth. When the new shoots reach 2.0 meters, pinch them off. After pinching, remove the side buds promptly. Strengthen water and fertilizer management, and choose water-soluble fertilizers. In the early stage, nitrogen fertilizers should be used as the main fertilizer, with an application rate of 15 kg per mu. In the middle and late stages, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium fertilizers should be used as the main fertilizers, with an application rate of 25 kg per mu. Maintain soil moisture content at 60%. Use yellow boards, sweet and sour liquid, and ozone generators for pest and disease control. Fruits begin to mature in mid-June. Remove the lower leaves promptly when harvesting and maintain ventilation and light transmission.

[0060] (3) Greenhouse + container production

[0061] (a) First crop production

[0062] In mid-February, trim the figs and set the stems within 10 cm of the container opening. After new shoots emerge, select two strong branches for cultivation. During the rapid growth period, apply 500 times the amount of calcium cyclohexane every 10 days to control growth. When new shoots reach 1.5 meters, pinch them off. Remove lateral buds promptly after pinching. Strengthen water and fertilizer management, using water-soluble fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizers should be used primarily in the early stages at a concentration of 0.2%, while phosphorus, potassium, and calcium fertilizers should be used primarily in the middle and late stages at a concentration of 0.4%. During the budding and new shoot growth periods, the greenhouse temperature should be maintained at 26°C during the day and 18°C at night. The air humidity should be maintained at 70%, and the soil moisture at 50%. Around mid-May, when the outside temperature is consistently above 25°C, ensure proper ventilation to keep the greenhouse temperature and humidity consistent with the outside environment. Pest and disease control measures include hanging yellow boards, using sugar and vinegar solution, and using an ozone generator. Fruits mature gradually from July to August. Remove the lower, older leaves before harvesting, and maintain good ventilation and light.

[0063] (b) Second crop production

[0064] Figs should be pruned in mid-to-late August, leaving 2-3 buds on each fruiting branch. After budding, select two shoots from each branch with suitable spacing to cultivate new fruiting branches, and remove all others. Water and fertilizer management, temperature and humidity control, and other cultivation and management measures are the same as for the first crop. After late October, cover the greenhouse and increase the temperature according to temperature fluctuations. Fruits will gradually mature from January to February.

[0065] The cultivation results of the above three production methods are shown in the following table:

[0066]

[0067] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and does not constitute any form of limitation to the present application. Any technician familiar with the present profession can, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present application, make slight changes or modifications to the technical contents disclosed above to obtain equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present application without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse, characterized in that: The method comprises: S1. Container Planting: Select planting containers and fig plants. Begin planting in a greenhouse in early February. Trim the roots of the fig plants before soaking them in a mixture of rooting powder and chlorothalonil. Allow to dry in the shade before planting in the containers. Immediately after planting, water thoroughly. Seven days later, drip-irrigate with plant growth regulators and fungicides. S2. First crop: In mid-February, the figs are cut and the stems are set. After new shoots sprout, strong branches are selected for cultivation. During the rapid growth period, 400-600 times the dosage of calcium cyclohexane is used every 10-15 days to control growth. When new shoots reach 1.5 meters, they are topped and side buds are removed. Fruit matures in July and August. S3. Second crop: In mid-to-late August, the figs are pruned back, leaving 2-3 buds on each fruiting branch. After budding, 1-2 new shoots with suitable orientation and space are selected from each branch to cultivate new fruiting branches, and all others are removed. In late October, the greenhouse is covered and heated according to temperature changes. The fruits mature in January and February of the following year.

2. The cultivation method of greenhouse figs twice a year according to claim 1, wherein The planting container in step S1 is a non-woven bag, a root control container or a purple clay pot; the diameter of the planting container is 30-45 cm and the height is 25-45 cm.

3. The cultivation method of greenhouse figs twice a year according to claim 1, wherein The fig plants in step S1 are 2 years old or perennial.

4. The cultivation method of greenhouse figs twice a year according to claim 1, wherein The soaking treatment in the mixed solution of rooting powder and chlorothalonil in step S1 comprises: soaking the roots of the fig plants in the mixed solution of 600-800 times the rooting powder and 700-800 times the chlorothalonil for 30 seconds and then taking them out; The method of planting the fig plant in the container includes: first filling 40% of the container with a substrate, then placing the fig plant in the center of the container, and then filling the container with the remaining substrate. After filling, the root system of the fig plant is slightly lifted upward and compacted by shaking, so that the amount of substrate filled in the container is flush with the position where the root neck of the fig plant emerges from the soil. The drip irrigation plant growth regulator and fungicide comprises: drip irrigation with 25,000 times of Bihu and 800 times of 30% hydroxychloroquine.

5. The cultivation method of greenhouse figs twice a year according to claim 4, wherein: The matrix is composed of the following raw materials in the following mass ratios: Garden soil: organic fertilizer: organic matter: particulate matter = 8:1:0.5:0.

5.

6. The cultivation method of greenhouse figs twice a year according to claim 1, wherein: The drying in step S2 is performed within 10 cm from the container opening.

7. The method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein: Step S2 also includes: In the early stage of the first crop production, water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer should be applied at a concentration of 0.2-0.3%; In the middle and late stages of the first crop, water-soluble phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer should be applied at a fertilizer concentration of 0.3-0.5%; When the outside temperature is stable above 25℃, ventilate the room to keep the temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse consistent with the outside temperature. Pest and disease control is carried out by hanging yellow boards, using sweet and sour liquid or ozone generators.

8. The method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein: During the first crop production in step S2, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 22-28° C. during the germination and new shoot growth period during the day and at 15-18° C. at night, the air humidity is maintained at 60%-80%, and the soil moisture is maintained at 40%-60%.

9. The method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein: The water and fertilizer management and temperature and humidity control cultivation management measures for the second crop production in step S3 are exactly the same as those for the first crop production in step S2.

10. Application of the twice-a-year cultivation method for greenhouse figs according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in fig tree cultivation and production.

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