A calibration method for the rotary center of a five-axis machining center
By clamping the calibration parts on the A-axis of the five-axis machining center, collecting the position coordinates of the multi-dimensional measurement point, and calculating the rotation axis and zero point, the problem of difficult to ensure the time and accuracy of the slewing center correction in the prior art is solved, and an efficient and accurate correction method is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510140265.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-08
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-01
AI Technical Summary
The existing five-axis machining center correction method has many operating steps and takes a long time. Relying on manual measurements is easy to generate errors and it is difficult to ensure calibration accuracy.
By clamping the calibration parts on the A-axis of the five-axis machining center, the position coordinates of the multi-dimensional measurement points are collected using the calibration disc and detection rod, the rotation axis of the B-axis and the A-axis and the Z-axis zero point are calculated, and the multi-dimensional accurate detection of the slewing center is realized, and the correction parameters are calculated based on the detection parameters.
It effectively shortens the correction detection time, reduces the cost of inspection and correction, and improves the correction accuracy and efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN119734142A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of five-axis machining centers, in particular to a correction method for a rotary center of a five-axis machining center. Background Art
[0002] The five-axis machining center has five mutually perpendicular working axes. Its machining tool can move in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions, while the workpiece needs to rotate in the A-axis and B-axis directions. Through the movement of the tool in different directions and the rotation of the workpiece in different directions, the multi-directional and multi-angle processing of the workpiece can be realized. It can be used for the processing of complex curved surface parts and can complete the processing of multiple surfaces of the workpiece in one setting, greatly improving the processing efficiency and accuracy. For the five-axis machining center, its rotary center is very important for the precise control of the machining operation, which directly affects the machining accuracy and quality of the machined parts. In order to ensure the accuracy and quality of the machining, the five-axis machining center requires the rotary center to have high precision to ensure that the parts can be accurately positioned and rotated when machining, thereby ensuring the machining quality of the parts. However, the machining errors, assembly errors, and wear caused by long-term use of the machine tool parts of the five-axis machining center will affect the accuracy of the rotary center, thereby affecting the machining quality of the parts. In order to avoid these effects and ensure the quality of part machining, the rotary center of the five-axis machining center needs to be calibrated during the first use and after a certain period of use. At present, the calibration of the five-axis machining center is to measure the size of the sample after machining the sample, convert the correction parameters according to the sample size deviation, and then process the new sample again, measure, convert and correct again until the sample reaches the required accuracy, thus completing the calibration of the rotation center. This calibration method not only has many operating steps, takes a long time to calibrate, is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and is inefficient, but also the sample processing operation and measurement rely on manual labor, which is prone to errors and the calibration accuracy is difficult to guarantee. Summary of the invention
[0003] The invention provides a correction method for a rotary center of a five-axis machining center which has high correction efficiency and can ensure correction accuracy.
[0004] The calibration method of the rotary center of the five-axis machining center of the present invention comprises the following steps: S1. Preparation steps: A correction piece for passing positive current is clamped on the A axis of the five-axis machining center. The correction piece includes a columnar clamping handle and a disc-shaped correction plate. The correction plate has two upper and lower horizontal mounting holes and two left and right vertical mounting holes. A vertical detection rod is installed in the middle of the horizontal mounting hole to divide the horizontal mounting hole into two independent windows. A horizontal detection rod is installed in the vertical mounting hole to divide the vertical mounting hole into two independent windows. The correction rod for passing negative current is clamped and installed on the chuck of the main shaft of the five-axis machining center. S2. Steps to find the B-axis rotation axis: The spindle chuck clamps the calibration rod and sequentially extends it into the windows on both sides of the detection rod above and below the calibration disk until it contacts the detection rod and conducts current. By measuring, the distance between the two detection points above the calibration disk and the distance between the two detection points below are obtained. The midpoint of the distance between the two detection points above and the midpoint of the distance between the two detection points below are taken, and the two midpoints are connected to form a vertical line; When the B axis is 0 degrees and the A axis is 0 degrees, the first vertical center line is measured; keeping the B axis at 0 degrees, the A axis is rotated 180 degrees, the second vertical center line is measured, and the midpoint of the distance between the first vertical center line and the second vertical center line is taken to obtain the first vertical sub-center line; then, the B axis is rotated 180 degrees and the A axis is kept at 0 degrees, and the third vertical center line is obtained by measurement; keeping the B axis at 180 degrees, the A axis is rotated 180 degrees, and the fourth vertical center line is obtained by measurement; the midpoint of the distance between the third vertical center line and the fourth vertical center line is taken to obtain the second vertical sub-center line, and finally, the midline of the first vertical sub-center line and the second vertical sub-center line is taken to calculate the rotation axis of the B axis; S3. Steps to find the A-axis rotation axis: The spindle chuck clamps the calibration rod and inserts it into the upper and lower windows of the detection rod on the left and right sides of the calibration disk in turn until it contacts the detection rod and conducts current. Measure the distance between the two detection points on the left side of the calibration disk and the distance between the two detection points on the right side respectively. Take the midpoint of the distance between the detection points on the left and right sides and connect the two midpoints into a horizontal line. When the B axis is 0 degrees and the A axis is 0 degrees, the first horizontal center line is obtained by measurement; keeping the B axis at 0 degrees, the A axis is rotated 180 degrees, and the second horizontal center line is obtained by measurement, and the midpoint of the distance between the first horizontal center line and the second horizontal center line is taken to obtain the first horizontal sub-center line; then, the B axis is rotated 180 degrees and the A axis is kept at 0 degrees, and the third horizontal center line is obtained by measurement; keeping the B axis at 180 degrees, the A axis is rotated 180 degrees, and the fourth horizontal center line is obtained by measurement; the midpoint of the distance between the third horizontal center line and the fourth horizontal center line is taken to obtain the second horizontal sub-center line; finally, the center line of the first horizontal sub-center line and the second horizontal sub-center line is taken to calculate the rotation axis of the A axis; S4. Steps to find the Z-axis zero point: The spindle chuck clamps the correction rod, touches and conducts current at any four positions on the surface of the correction disk in sequence, and the correction rod forms a vertical plane in the vertical direction of the four touching points; When the B axis is 0 degrees and the A axis is 0 degrees, the first vertical plane is obtained by measurement; when the B axis is 0 degrees and the A axis is 180 degrees, the second vertical plane is obtained by measurement, and the midpoint of the distance between the first vertical plane and the second vertical plane is taken to form a first dividing mid-plane; when the B axis is 180 degrees and the A axis is 0 degrees, the third vertical plane is obtained by measurement; when the B axis is 180 degrees and the A axis is 180 degrees, the fourth vertical plane is obtained by measurement; the midpoint of the distance between the third vertical plane and the fourth vertical plane is taken to form a second dividing mid-plane; the midpoint of the distance between the first dividing mid-plane and the second dividing mid-plane is taken to form a final mid-plane, and the mid-plane is divided by the thickness of the correction disk to obtain the vertical plane where the Z-axis zero point is located, and the center of the vertical plane is calculated, which is the Z-axis zero point.
[0005] The correction method of the rotary center of the five-axis machining center is described, by clamping the correction part on the A-axis and driving it to rotate by the A-axis, and at the same time installing the detection rod at the four mounting holes of the upper, lower, left and right of the correction disk, the spindle clamps the correction rod and sequentially extends it into the windows on both sides of the detection rod until it contacts the detection rod and conducts current, and collects the position coordinates of each measuring point. By rotating the A-axis and the B-axis respectively, the position coordinates of each measuring point on the front and back sides are collected, and then the rotation axis of the B-axis and the A-axis and the Z-axis zero point are calculated, so as to realize multi-dimensional precision detection of the rotary center. The present invention calculates the correction parameters based on the detection parameters, effectively shortens the correction detection time, and reduces the cost of inspection and correction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0006] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the calibration component.
[0007] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure on the other side of the correction piece.
[0008] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the B-axis state at 0 degrees.
[0009] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the B-axis at 180 degrees. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0010] like Figure 1-4 As shown, a method for calibrating the rotary center of a five-axis machining center includes the following steps: S1. Preparation steps: A correction piece for passing positive current is clamped on the A-axis 8 of the five-axis machining center. The correction piece includes a columnar clamping handle and a disc-shaped correction disc. The correction disc is provided with upper and lower horizontal mounting holes and left and right vertical mounting holes. A vertical detection rod is installed in the middle of the horizontal mounting hole to divide the horizontal mounting hole into two independent windows. A horizontal detection rod is installed in the vertical mounting hole to divide the vertical mounting hole into two independent windows. The correction rod for passing negative current is clamped and installed on the chuck of the main shaft of the five-axis machining center. S2. Steps for finding the rotation axis of axis B 9: The spindle chuck clamps the calibration rod and sequentially extends it into the windows on both sides of the detection rod above and below the calibration disk until it contacts the detection rod and conducts current. By measuring, the distance between the two detection points above the calibration disk and the distance between the two detection points below are obtained. The midpoint of the distance between the two detection points above and the midpoint of the distance between the two detection points below are taken, and the two midpoints are connected to form a vertical line; When the B axis is 0 degrees and the A axis is 0 degrees, the first vertical center line is measured; keeping the B axis at 0 degrees, the A axis is rotated 180 degrees, the second vertical center line is measured, and the midpoint of the distance between the first vertical center line and the second vertical center line is taken to obtain the first vertical sub-center line; then, the B axis is rotated 180 degrees and the A axis is kept at 0 degrees, and the third vertical center line is obtained by measurement; keeping the B axis at 180 degrees, the A axis is rotated 180 degrees, and the fourth vertical center line is obtained by measurement; the midpoint of the distance between the third vertical center line and the fourth vertical center line is taken to obtain the second vertical sub-center line, and finally, the midline of the first vertical sub-center line and the second vertical sub-center line is taken to calculate the rotation axis of the B axis; S3. Steps to find the A-axis rotation axis: The spindle chuck clamps the calibration rod and inserts it into the upper and lower windows of the detection rod on the left and right sides of the calibration disk in turn until it contacts the detection rod and conducts current. Measure the distance between the two detection points on the left side of the calibration disk and the distance between the two detection points on the right side respectively. Take the midpoint of the distance between the detection points on the left and right sides and connect the two midpoints into a horizontal line. When the B axis is 0 degrees and the A axis is 0 degrees, the first horizontal center line is obtained by measurement; keeping the B axis at 0 degrees, the A axis is rotated 180 degrees, and the second horizontal center line is obtained by measurement, and the midpoint of the distance between the first horizontal center line and the second horizontal center line is taken to obtain the first horizontal sub-center line; then, the B axis is rotated 180 degrees and the A axis is kept at 0 degrees, and the third horizontal center line is obtained by measurement; keeping the B axis at 180 degrees, the A axis is rotated 180 degrees, and the fourth horizontal center line is obtained by measurement; the midpoint of the distance between the third horizontal center line and the fourth horizontal center line is taken to obtain the second horizontal sub-center line; finally, the center line of the first horizontal sub-center line and the second horizontal sub-center line is taken to calculate the rotation axis of the A axis; S4. Steps to find the Z-axis zero point: The spindle chuck clamps the correction rod, touches and conducts current at any four positions on the surface of the correction disk in sequence, and the correction rod forms a vertical plane in the vertical direction of the four touching points; When the B axis is 0 degrees and the A axis is 0 degrees, the first vertical plane is obtained by measurement; when the B axis is 0 degrees and the A axis is 180 degrees, the second vertical plane is obtained by measurement, and the midpoint of the distance between the first vertical plane and the second vertical plane is taken to form a first dividing mid-plane; when the B axis is 180 degrees and the A axis is 0 degrees, the third vertical plane is obtained by measurement; when the B axis is 180 degrees and the A axis is 180 degrees, the fourth vertical plane is obtained by measurement; the midpoint of the distance between the third vertical plane and the fourth vertical plane is taken to form a second dividing mid-plane; the midpoint of the distance between the first dividing mid-plane and the second dividing mid-plane is taken to form a final mid-plane, and the mid-plane is divided by the thickness of the correction disk to obtain the vertical plane where the Z-axis zero point is located, and the center of the vertical plane is calculated, which is the Z-axis zero point.
[0011] The correction method of the rotary center of the five-axis machining center is described, by clamping the correction part on the A-axis and driving it to rotate by the A-axis, and at the same time installing the detection rod at the four mounting holes of the upper, lower, left and right of the correction disk, the spindle clamps the correction rod and sequentially extends it into the windows on both sides of the detection rod until it contacts the detection rod and conducts current, and collects the position coordinates of each measuring point. By rotating the A-axis and the B-axis respectively, the position coordinates of each measuring point on the front and back sides are collected, and then the rotation axis of the B-axis and the A-axis and the Z-axis zero point are calculated, so as to realize multi-dimensional precision detection of the rotary center. The present invention calculates the correction parameters based on the detection parameters, effectively shortens the correction detection time, and reduces the cost of inspection and correction.
[0012] In the step of finding the zero point of the Z-axis, the middle plane formed by the center of the distance between the first dividing plane and the second dividing plane is taken, and after the plane is divided by the thickness of the correction disk to obtain the vertical plane where the zero point of the Z-axis is located, the position coordinates of each point on the vertical plane are marked, and then the location of the zero point of the Z-axis is calculated based on the average value of the position coordinates of each point.
[0013] The calibration method of the rotary center of the five-axis machining center involves a calibration component structure, including a columnar clamping handle 1 and a disc-shaped calibration disk 2, wherein the calibration disk is provided with four mounting holes 3, namely, upper, lower, left, and right, and a detection rod 4 is installed in the middle of each mounting hole to separate the mounting hole into two independent windows. The columnar clamping handle is installed on the rotating shaft of the A-axis, so that the calibration disk and the A-axis rotating shaft rotate around the same concentric axis, and then the detection rod is installed at the upper, lower, left, and right four mounting holes of the calibration disk to facilitate the spindle to clamp the calibration rod and sequentially extend it into the windows on both sides of the detection rod until it contacts the detection rod and conducts current, and then the position coordinates of each measuring point are collected, and then the B-axis rotation axis, the A-axis rotation axis, and the Z-axis zero point are calculated, so as to realize multi-dimensional reliable detection of the rotary center, and the correction parameters are converted according to the detected parameters, thereby shortening the calibration detection time, saving inspection and calibration time and cost.
[0014] A vertical detection rod is vertically installed in the upper and lower mounting holes to separate the mounting holes into left and right independent windows, and a horizontal detection rod is horizontally installed in the left and right mounting holes to separate the mounting holes into upper and lower independent windows.
[0015] Furthermore, the upper and lower mounting holes are provided with a groove 7 that is sunken downwards along the vertical direction of the middle to form a detection rod, and the two ends of the vertical detection rod are placed in the groove; the left and right mounting holes are provided with a groove 7 that is sunken downwards along the horizontal direction of the middle to form a detection rod, and the two ends of the horizontal detection rod are placed in the groove. By providing the groove, the detection rod can be quickly and accurately placed in the mounting hole without additional position adjustment, thereby significantly improving the convenience and efficiency of operation.
[0016] At the same time, two fasteners 6 are provided on the back of the groove and pass through the groove to fix the two ends of the detection rod. Specifically, the fasteners can be screws or bolts, which can conveniently and quickly fix the detection rod in the groove.
[0017] A positioning hole 5 for inserting the positioning pin of the A-axis is provided on the correction disk on one side of the clamping handle. The correction disk can be fixed on the standard surface of the A-axis through the positioning hole to avoid the correction disk from loosening during rotation and affecting the detection parameters, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the detection.
[0018] A mounting platform for fixing the detection rod is provided in the mounting hole, and both ends of the detection rod are fixed to the mounting platform by screws. The position of the detection rod can be adjusted by fixing with screws 6, so that the detection rods on the upper and lower sides can be adjusted to be vertically aligned, and the detection rods on the left and right sides can be adjusted to be horizontally aligned with the clamping handle.
Claims
1. A method for calibrating the rotary center of a five-axis machining center, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Preparation steps: A correction piece for passing positive current is clamped on the A axis (8) of the five-axis machining center, the correction piece comprising a columnar clamping handle and a disc-shaped correction disc, the correction disc having upper and lower horizontal mounting holes and left and right vertical mounting holes, a vertical detection rod is installed in the middle of the horizontal mounting hole to divide the horizontal mounting hole into two independent windows, and a horizontal detection rod is installed in the vertical mounting hole to divide the vertical mounting hole into two independent windows; the correction rod for passing negative current is clamped and installed on the chuck of the main shaft of the five-axis machining center; S2. Steps for finding the rotation axis of axis B (9): The spindle chuck clamps the calibration rod and sequentially extends it into the windows on both sides of the detection rod above and below the calibration disk until it contacts the detection rod and conducts current. By measuring, the distance between the two detection points above the calibration disk and the distance between the two detection points below are obtained. The midpoint of the distance between the two detection points above and the midpoint of the distance between the two detection points below are taken, and the two midpoints are connected to form a vertical line; When the B axis is 0 degrees and the A axis is 0 degrees, the first vertical center line is measured; keeping the B axis at 0 degrees, the A axis is rotated 180 degrees, the second vertical center line is measured, and the midpoint of the distance between the first vertical center line and the second vertical center line is taken to obtain the first vertical sub-center line; then, the B axis is rotated 180 degrees and the A axis is kept at 0 degrees, and the third vertical center line is obtained by measurement; keeping the B axis at 180 degrees, the A axis is rotated 180 degrees, and the fourth vertical center line is obtained by measurement; the midpoint of the distance between the third vertical center line and the fourth vertical center line is taken to obtain the second vertical sub-center line, and finally, the midline of the first vertical sub-center line and the second vertical sub-center line is taken to calculate the rotation axis of the B axis; S3. Steps to find the A-axis rotation axis: The spindle chuck clamps the calibration rod and inserts it into the upper and lower windows of the detection rod on the left and right sides of the calibration disk in turn until it contacts the detection rod and conducts current. Measure the distance between the two detection points on the left side of the calibration disk and the distance between the two detection points on the right side respectively. Take the midpoint of the distance between the detection points on the left and right sides and connect the two midpoints into a horizontal line. When the B axis is 0 degrees and the A axis is 0 degrees, the first horizontal center line is obtained by measurement; keeping the B axis at 0 degrees, the A axis is rotated 180 degrees, and the second horizontal center line is obtained by measurement, and the midpoint of the distance between the first horizontal center line and the second horizontal center line is taken to obtain the first horizontal sub-center line; then, the B axis is rotated 180 degrees and the A axis is kept at 0 degrees, and the third horizontal center line is obtained by measurement; keeping the B axis at 180 degrees, the A axis is rotated 180 degrees, and the fourth horizontal center line is obtained by measurement; the midpoint of the distance between the third horizontal center line and the fourth horizontal center line is taken to obtain the second horizontal sub-center line; finally, the center line of the first horizontal sub-center line and the second horizontal sub-center line is taken to calculate the rotation axis of the A axis; S4. Steps to find the Z-axis zero point: The spindle chuck clamps the correction rod, touches and conducts current at any four positions on the surface of the correction disk in sequence, and the correction rod forms a vertical plane in the vertical direction of the four touching points; When the B axis is 0 degrees and the A axis is 0 degrees, the first vertical plane is obtained by measurement; when the B axis is 0 degrees and the A axis is 180 degrees, the second vertical plane is obtained by measurement, and the midpoint of the distance between the first vertical plane and the second vertical plane is taken to form a first dividing mid-plane; when the B axis is 180 degrees and the A axis is 0 degrees, the third vertical plane is obtained by measurement; when the B axis is 180 degrees and the A axis is 180 degrees, the fourth vertical plane is obtained by measurement; the midpoint of the distance between the third vertical plane and the fourth vertical plane is taken to form a second dividing mid-plane; the midpoint of the distance between the first dividing mid-plane and the second dividing mid-plane is taken to form a final mid-plane, and the mid-plane is divided by the thickness of the correction disk to obtain the vertical plane where the Z-axis zero point is located, and the center of the vertical plane is calculated, which is the Z-axis zero point.
2. The calibration method of the rotary center of a five-axis machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step of finding the zero point of the Z-axis, the middle plane formed by the center of the distance between the first dividing plane and the second dividing plane is taken, and after the plane is divided by the thickness of the correction disk to obtain the vertical plane where the zero point of the Z-axis is located, the position coordinates of each point on the vertical plane are marked, and then the location of the zero point of the Z-axis is calculated based on the average value of the position coordinates of each point.