A special compound fertilizer for large-scale planting of Chinese kiwifruit and preparation method thereof
The envelope material prepared by modifying corn starch polymer and other materials solves the problem of easy dissolution of starch-based envelope material in water, improves the sustained release performance and durability of fertilizers, and promotes the healthy growth and fruit quality of kiwi fruit.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411923344.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-01
AI Technical Summary
The existing starch-based envelope materials are prone to swell or dissolve when exposed to water, and the envelope materials are prone to rupture, resulting in low product rate. The effect of using starch as a fertilizer body is not ideal.
Modified corn starch polymer, gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol are used as raw materials to prepare the envelope material by formaldehyde cross-linking and glycerol plasticization to improve its hydrophobicity and mechanical properties.
It improves the sustained release ability of the envelope fertilizer, enhances the durability of the fertilizer during transportation and use, promotes the growth and fruit quality of kiwi fruit, and reduces the occurrence of diseases.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and in particular relates to a special compound fertilizer for large-scale planting of Chinese kiwifruit and a preparation method thereof. Background Art
[0002] my country is a major agricultural country with a huge demand for agricultural products and the fertilizers needed in agricultural production. Compound fertilizer is a common fertilizer, typically containing two or more nutrients. Compound fertilizer has the advantages of high nutrient content, few by-products, and excellent physical properties. It plays a vital role in balanced fertilization, improving fertilizer utilization, and promoting high and stable crop yields.
[0003] Kiwifruit is a nutritious fruit with an extremely high vitamin C content, several times, or even dozens of times, higher than fruits like citrus and apples. Due to the maturing of cultivation techniques and favorable economic returns, my country's kiwifruit cultivation area has expanded annually in recent years, with many producing high-yield, high-quality varieties. However, overall production levels are still insufficient, lagging behind major kiwifruit producers like New Zealand and Italy, primarily due to low yields and poor quality.
[0004] Slow-release fertilizers can continuously and stably supply nutrients, allowing kiwifruit plants to absorb and utilize nutrients more effectively, thereby promoting healthy growth. This not only increases fruit yield, but also improves fruit quality, such as larger, more uniform fruits and a glossy surface. Currently, the coating materials involved in slow-release fertilizers studied domestically and abroad are mainly concentrated on biodegradable polymers, among which starch-based coating materials are the main ones. This is mainly because starch is a natural renewable resource with low price and has advantages such as good controlled release performance and good stability in soil. The synthetic polymer used as a coating material is environmentally friendly and easily degraded. However, during application, it is often found that starch easily swells or dissolves when exposed to water, and its coating material is prone to rupture, resulting in low product yield. The effect of directly using starch as a fertilizer body is less than ideal. Summary of the Invention
[0005] In order to solve the problems in the prior art that starch is often found to swell or dissolve easily when in contact with water, its coating material is easily broken, the product rate is low, and the effect of directly using starch as a fertilizer is not ideal, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a special compound fertilizer for large-scale planting of Chinese kiwifruit and a preparation method thereof.
[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
[0007] A special compound fertilizer for large-scale planting of Chinese kiwifruit comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of fertilizer-efficient particles and 20-30 parts of coating materials.
[0008] Furthermore, the fertilizer granules are prepared by the following steps:
[0009] Dissolve nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers and trace elements in water, stir, and then granulate through a spray drum to obtain fertilizer-efficient granules.
[0010] Among them, the usage ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, trace elements and water is 1.4-1.8kg:4-7g:2L.
[0011] Furthermore, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers include the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 35-45 parts of phosphorus fertilizer, and 35-45 parts of potassium fertilizer.
[0012] Furthermore, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea; the phosphate fertilizer is one or more of phosphorus pentoxide, diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed in any proportion; and the potash fertilizer is one or more of potassium oxide, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, and potassium nitrate mixed in any proportion.
[0013] Furthermore, the trace elements are combinations of copper, iron, zinc and manganese compounds in any ratio.
[0014] Furthermore, the preparation method of the coating material is:
[0015] The modified corn starch polymer was dissolved in isopropanol, and then a gelatin aqueous solution and a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution were added. After mixing evenly, Tween-80 and glycerol were added. After stirring at 90°C for 30 minutes, the pH was adjusted to 4-5 with a 2% acetic acid solution. Formaldehyde was added and the mixture was reacted at 90°C for 2-3 hours to obtain a coating material.
[0016] Among them, the dosage ratio of modified corn starch polymer, isopropyl alcohol, gelatin aqueous solution, polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, Tween-80, glycerol and formaldehyde is 1g:20mL:50mL:7mL:0.4-1mL:0.4-0.8mL:0.4-0.7mL; the dosage ratio of gelatin and water in the gelatin aqueous solution is 0.4g:20mL; the dosage ratio of polyvinyl alcohol and water in the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is 1.6g:20mL.
[0017] The coating material is prepared using modified corn starch polymer, gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol as raw materials, formaldehyde as a cross-linking agent and glycerol as a plasticizer. The modified corn starch polymer is obtained by chemically grafting hydroxyl groups in corn starch with epoxy groups in polysiloxane.
[0018] The organosilicon groups in polysiloxanes are non-polar organic groups that repel the hydrogen atoms of water molecules. Therefore, their introduction can improve the hydrophobicity of the coating material, resolving the problem of starch easily swelling or dissolving in water, which makes it prone to rupture when used as a coating material, and enhancing the slow-release capacity of the coated fertilizer. Silicon can also promote plant growth and increase yield, enhancing plant resistance to diseases and pests, and reducing the damage to plants from abiotic stresses such as salt stress, drought stress, heavy metal toxicity, radiation, nutrient imbalance, and frost damage.
[0019] Polysiloxanes are formed by the hydrosilylation reaction of the silicon-hydrogen bonds in polymethylhydrogensiloxane with the unsaturated double bonds in 4-vinylphenylboronic acid and antimicrobial monomers. The boronic acid group in 4-vinylphenylboronic acid contains boron and a benzene ring. Boron significantly promotes kiwifruit growth and fruit quality. First, boron can significantly increase the chlorophyll and dry matter content in kiwifruit leaves, thereby enhancing photosynthesis and providing more energy and nutritional support for the plant. Second, the application of boron can significantly improve fruit quality, including increasing fruit weight, diameter, and seed number, while also increasing the fruit's vitamin and sugar content, thereby enhancing its taste and market value. The high rigidity and stability of the benzene ring make the polymer molecular chains containing it more compact and orderly, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties of the coating material and improving the durability of the fertilizer during transportation and use.
[0020] The antimicrobial monomers include quaternary ammonium groups and epoxy groups. The quaternary ammonium groups possess broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, allowing the fertilizer to not only promote the growth of Chinese kiwifruit but also possess antimicrobial properties, reducing disease risks during growth and ultimately improving growth rate and fruit quality. The epoxy groups react with the hydroxyl groups on the starch surface to form a polysiloxane-modified cornstarch polymer. Chemical grafting allows the polysiloxane to firmly bond to the cornstarch, improving the mechanical properties of the coating material and further enhancing the fertilizer's durability during transportation and use.
[0021] Furthermore, the preparation method of the modified corn starch polymer is:
[0022] Corn starch was dissolved in 85°C water and stirred for 30 minutes. Then, a 2% by mass acetic acid solution was added to obtain a mixed solution a. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Polysiloxane was dissolved in isopropanol and then added to the mixed solution a. The mixture was stirred continuously and reacted at 60°C for 4-5 hours. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a solid. The solid was then washed with water until neutral and dried in vacuo to obtain a modified corn starch polymer.
[0023] The dosage ratio of corn starch, water, acetic acid solution with a mass fraction of 2%, polysiloxane and isopropyl alcohol is 5g:80-85mL:15-20mL:0.05-0.2g:2-3mL.
[0024] In the above steps, the hydroxyl groups in the corn starch can react with the epoxy groups in the polysiloxane to form chemical bonds, thereby obtaining a modified corn starch polymer.
[0025] Furthermore, the preparation method of polysiloxane is:
[0026] Polymethylhydrogensiloxane was slowly added dropwise to the reaction vessel, and 4-vinylphenylboronic acid and antibacterial monomer were added. The temperature was raised to 80-85° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere, and then chloroplatinic acid solution was added dropwise. The mixture was kept warm for 3 hours to obtain polysiloxane.
[0027] The dosage ratio of polymethylhydrogensiloxane, 4-vinylphenylboronic acid, antibacterial monomer and chloroplatinic acid solution is 5-5.5 mL: 1.5 g: 3.1 g: 50 μL; the dosage ratio of chloroplatinic acid and isopropyl alcohol in the chloroplatinic acid solution is 0.25 g: 25 mL.
[0028] In the above steps, the Si-H bonds in the polymethylhydrogensiloxane react with the unsaturated double bonds in the 4-vinylphenylboronic acid and antimicrobial monomer to form carbon-silicon bonds, thereby obtaining the polysiloxane. The 4-vinylphenylboronic acid contains a boronic acid group, and the antimicrobial monomer contains a quaternary ammonium salt group and an epoxy group.
[0029] Furthermore, the preparation method of the antibacterial monomer is as follows:
[0030] Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 1,2-epoxy-4-bromobutane and acetone were placed in a three-necked flask, nitrogen was introduced, and the reaction was carried out at 55°C for 60 hours. Most of the solvent and some unreacted raw materials were removed by reduced pressure rotary evaporation. The remaining distillate was cooled to room temperature and ether was added. It was cooled to 0°C for crystallization, and then filtered and washed with ether three times. It was vacuum dried at 45°C for 24 hours to obtain an antibacterial monomer.
[0031] The usage ratio of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 1,2-epoxy-4-bromobutane and acetone is 5.3 g:0.6 g:30 mL.
[0032] The tertiary amine in dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate can undergo quaternization reaction with the bromine in 1,2-epoxy-4-bromobutane to obtain an antibacterial monomer containing a quaternary ammonium salt structure.
[0033] A method for preparing a special compound fertilizer for large-scale planting of Chinese kiwifruit comprises the following steps:
[0034] The fertilizer-effective particles are placed in a spray drum granulator, and the coating material is coated on the surface of the fertilizer-effective particles while the particles are rotating. The particles are dried in an oven at 50-60° C. to obtain a special compound fertilizer for large-scale planting of Chinese kiwifruit.
[0035] Beneficial effects of the present invention:
[0036] 1. The present invention utilizes a coating material in the preparation of a compound fertilizer specifically for large-scale cultivation of Chinese kiwifruit. The coating material is prepared using a modified corn starch polymer, gelatin, and polyvinyl alcohol as raw materials. The modified corn starch polymer is obtained by chemically grafting hydroxyl groups in corn starch with epoxy groups in polysiloxane. The polysiloxane can improve the fertilizer's sustained release capacity, promote kiwifruit growth and fruiting, increase fruit weight, enhance the coating material's mechanical properties, improve the fertilizer's durability during transportation and use, and enhance the kiwifruit's disease resistance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0037] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0038] Preparation Example 1
[0039] The preparation method of polysiloxane in this preparation example is:
[0040] Slowly add 5 mL of polymethylhydrogensiloxane into the reaction container, add 1.5 g of 4-vinylphenylboronic acid and 3.1 g of antibacterial monomer, heat to 80 ° C under a nitrogen atmosphere, then add 50 μL of chloroplatinic acid solution (the ratio of chloroplatinic acid and isopropanol in the chloroplatinic acid solution is 0.25 g: 25 mL), keep warm and react for 3 hours to obtain polysiloxane.
[0041] The preparation method of the antibacterial monomer is as follows:
[0042] 5.3 g of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 0.6 g of 1,2-epoxy-4-bromobutane, and 30 mL of acetone were placed in a three-necked flask, nitrogen was introduced, and the reaction was carried out at 55°C for 60 hours. Most of the solvent and some unreacted raw materials were removed by reduced pressure rotary evaporation. The remaining distillate was cooled to room temperature and ether was added. It was cooled to 0°C for crystallization, then filtered and washed with ether three times, and vacuum dried at 45°C for 24 hours to obtain an antibacterial monomer.
[0043] Preparation Example 2
[0044] The preparation method of polysiloxane in this preparation example is:
[0045] Slowly add 5.5 mL of polymethylhydrogensiloxane into the reaction container, add 1.5 g of 4-vinylphenylboronic acid and 3.1 g of antibacterial monomer, heat to 85 ° C under a nitrogen atmosphere, then add 50 μL of chloroplatinic acid solution (the ratio of chloroplatinic acid and isopropanol in the chloroplatinic acid solution is 0.25 g: 25 mL), keep warm and react for 3 hours to obtain polysiloxane.
[0046] The preparation method of the antibacterial monomer is the same as that in Preparation Example 1.
[0047] Comparative Example 1
[0048] The only difference between this comparative example and Preparation Example 1 is that:
[0049] Replace polysiloxane with KH560.
[0050] Preparation Example 3
[0051] The preparation method of the modified corn starch polymer in this preparation example is:
[0052] 5 g of corn starch was dissolved in 80 mL of 85°C water and stirred for 30 min. Then, 20 mL of 2% by mass acetic acid solution was added to obtain a mixed solution a. The mixture was stirred for 30 min. 0.05 g of the polysiloxane prepared in Preparation Example 1 was dissolved in 3 mL of isopropanol and then added to the mixed solution a. The mixture was stirred continuously and reacted at 60°C for 4 h. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a solid, which was then washed with water until neutral and dried in vacuo to obtain a modified corn starch polymer.
[0053] Preparation Example 4
[0054] The preparation method of the modified corn starch polymer in this preparation example is:
[0055] 5 g of corn starch was dissolved in 85 mL of 85°C water and stirred for 30 min. Then, 15 mL of 2% by mass acetic acid solution was added to obtain a mixed solution a. The mixture was stirred for 30 min. 0.13 g of the polysiloxane prepared in Preparation Example 2 was dissolved in 3 mL of isopropanol and then added to the mixed solution a. The mixture was stirred continuously and reacted at 60°C for 5 h. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a solid, which was then washed with water until neutral and dried in vacuo to obtain a modified corn starch polymer.
[0056] Preparation Example 5
[0057] The preparation method of the modified corn starch polymer in this preparation example is:
[0058] 5 g of corn starch was dissolved in 82 mL of 85°C water and stirred for 30 min. Then, 18 mL of 2% by mass acetic acid solution was added to obtain a mixed solution a. The mixture was stirred for 30 min. 0.2 g of the polysiloxane prepared in Preparation Example 2 was dissolved in 3 mL of isopropanol and then added to the mixed solution a. The mixture was stirred continuously and reacted at 60°C for 4.5 h. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a solid, which was then washed with water until neutral and dried in vacuo to obtain a modified corn starch polymer.
[0059] Comparative Example 2
[0060] The only difference between this comparative example and Preparation Example 3 is that:
[0061] The polysiloxane in Preparation Example 3 was replaced by the product in Comparative Example 1.
[0062] Comparative Example 3
[0063] The only difference between this comparative example and Preparation Example 3 is that:
[0064] 5 g of corn starch was dissolved in 82 mL of 85° C. water, stirred for 30 min, and then vacuum dried to obtain a modified corn starch polymer.
[0065] Preparation Example 6
[0066] The preparation method of the coating material of this preparation example is:
[0067] 1 g of the modified corn starch polymer prepared in Preparation Example 3 was dissolved in 20 mL of isopropanol, followed by the addition of 50 mL of gelatin aqueous solution and 7 mL of polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution. After mixing evenly, 1 mL of Tween-80 and 0.4 mL of glycerol were added. The mixture was stirred at 90°C for 30 min, and the pH was adjusted to 4-5 with a 2% acetic acid solution. 0.4 mL of formaldehyde was added, and the mixture was reacted at 90°C for 2 h to obtain a coating material.
[0068] Preparation Example 7
[0069] The preparation method of the coating material of this preparation example is:
[0070] 1 g of the modified corn starch polymer prepared in Preparation Example 4 was dissolved in 20 mL of isopropanol, followed by the addition of 50 mL of gelatin aqueous solution and 7 mL of polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution. After mixing evenly, 1 mL of Tween-80 and 0.6 mL of glycerol were added. The mixture was stirred at 90°C for 30 min, and the pH was adjusted to 4-5 with a 2% acetic acid solution. 0.5 mL of formaldehyde was added, and the mixture was reacted at 90°C for 2.5 h to obtain a coating material.
[0071] Preparation Example 8
[0072] The preparation method of the coating material of this preparation example is:
[0073] 1 g of the modified corn starch polymer prepared in Preparation Example 5 was dissolved in 20 mL of isopropanol, followed by the addition of 50 mL of gelatin aqueous solution and 7 mL of polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution. After mixing evenly, 1 mL of Tween-80 and 0.8 mL of glycerol were added. The mixture was stirred at 90°C for 30 min, and the pH was adjusted to 4-5 with a 2% acetic acid solution. 0.7 mL of formaldehyde was added, and the mixture was reacted at 90°C for 3 h to obtain a coating material.
[0074] Comparative Example 4
[0075] The only difference between this comparative example and Preparation Example 6 is that:
[0076] The modified corn starch polymer is the product of Comparative Example 2.
[0077] Comparative Example 5
[0078] The only difference between this comparative example and Preparation Example 6 is that:
[0079] The modified corn starch polymer is the product of Comparative Example 3.
[0080] Example 1
[0081] A special compound fertilizer for large-scale planting of Chinese kiwifruit comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of fertilizer-efficient granules and 20 parts of coating materials prepared in Preparation Example 6.
[0082] Fertilizer granules are made by the following steps:
[0083] Dissolve 1.4 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer and 4 g of trace elements in 2 L of water, stir, and spray drum granulate to produce fertilizer granules. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers consist of the following raw materials by weight: 20 parts urea, 35 parts diammonium phosphate, and 35 parts potassium oxide. The trace elements are zinc sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate, and ammonium molybdate mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.
[0084] The preparation method of the special compound fertilizer for large-scale planting of Chinese kiwifruit comprises the following steps:
[0085] The fertilizer-effective particles are placed in a spray drum granulator, and the coating material is coated on the surface of the fertilizer-effective particles while the particles are rotating. The particles are dried in an oven at 55° C. to obtain a special compound fertilizer for large-scale planting of Chinese kiwifruit.
[0086] Example 2
[0087] A special compound fertilizer for large-scale planting of Chinese kiwifruit comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 72.5 parts of fertilizer-efficient granules and 22.5 parts of coating material prepared in Preparation Example 7.
[0088] Fertilizer granules are made by the following steps:
[0089] Dissolve 1.6 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer and 5 g of trace elements in 2 L of water, stir, and then spray drum granulate to produce fertilizer granules. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers contain the following raw materials by weight: 25 parts urea, 40 parts phosphorus pentoxide, and 40 parts potassium sulfate. The trace elements are zinc sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate, and ammonium molybdate mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.
[0090] The preparation method of the special compound fertilizer for large-scale planting of Chinese kiwifruit is the same as that in Example 1.
[0091] Example 3
[0092] A compound fertilizer specially used for large-scale planting of Chinese kiwifruit comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75 parts of fertilizer-efficient granules and 25 parts of coating materials prepared in Preparation Example 8.
[0093] Fertilizer granules are made by the following steps:
[0094] Dissolve 1.8 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer and 7 g of trace elements in 2 L of water, stir, and then spray drum granulate to produce fertilizer granules. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer comprises the following raw materials by weight: 30 parts nitrogen fertilizer, 45 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 45 parts potassium chloride. The trace elements are zinc sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate, and ammonium molybdate mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.
[0095] The preparation method of the special compound fertilizer for large-scale planting of Chinese kiwifruit is the same as that in Example 1.
[0096] Example 4
[0097] A compound fertilizer specially used for large-scale planting of Chinese kiwifruit comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 77.5 parts of fertilizer-efficient granules and 27.5 parts of a coating material prepared in Preparation Example 8.
[0098] The preparation method of the fertilizer-effective granules is the same as that in Example 3.
[0099] The preparation method of the special compound fertilizer for large-scale planting of Chinese kiwifruit is the same as that in Example 3.
[0100] Example 5
[0101] A special compound fertilizer for large-scale planting of Chinese kiwifruit comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of fertilizer-efficient granules and 30 parts of coating materials prepared in Preparation Example 8.
[0102] The preparation method of the fertilizer-effective granules is the same as that in Example 3.
[0103] The preparation method of the special compound fertilizer for large-scale planting of Chinese kiwifruit is the same as that in Example 3.
[0104] Comparative Example 1
[0105] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example is different only in that:
[0106] The coating material in Example 1 was replaced by the product in Comparative Example 4.
[0107] Comparative Example 2
[0108] The coating material in Example 1 was replaced by the product in Comparative Example 5.
[0109] Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were tested, and the test items were as follows:
[0110] 1. Mechanical Properties Test: The coating materials in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were vacuum dried to form films, and their tensile strength and elongation at break were tested in accordance with the national standard GB / T4456-2008. A universal electronic tensile testing machine produced by Shanghai Yeshuai Precision Technology Co., Ltd. was used. The test was repeated 5 times, and the average value was taken. The test results are shown in Table 1.
[0111] 2. Fertilizer slow-release experiment: The water solubility method was used in accordance with GB / T 23348-2009; 10 g of the fertilizers prepared in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were weighed and placed in a small bag made of 100-mesh nylon gauze. The small bag was placed in a 250 mL glass bottle, 200 mL of water was added, the bottle was sealed with a lid, and the bottle was placed in a biochemical constant temperature incubator at 25°C. Samples were taken on days 1, 15, 30, and 45, and the nitrogen release was measured using an automatic analyzer. The cumulative nitrogen release rate was calculated using the following formula: Nitrogen release rate = Wn / W, where Wn is the mass fraction of the nitrogen release measured on day n, and W is the mass fraction of the total nitrogen. The test results are shown in Table 2.
[0112] 3. Application test on kiwifruit: The test variety is Xu Xiang, 6 years old, with a density of 80 plants / mu, and the tree vigor is moderate to weak. In early March (spring), when the kiwifruit flowers are falling, the fertilizers prepared by Examples 1-5 of the present invention and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are irrigated (irrigated after dilution 50 times), 12 kg per plant, and conventional field management is carried out. In early April, the incidence of kiwifruit canker was investigated, and the incidence rate = (number of affected plants / total number of plants) × 100%. After harvesting, the per-mu yield of kiwifruit was counted and calculated, and the results are shown in Table 3.
[0113] Table 1
[0114] project Elongation at break / % Tensile strength / Mpa Example 1 49.5 44.5 Example 2 50.7 45.9 Example 3 51.1 46.3 Example 4 52.5 47.2 Example 5 53.4 48.6 Comparative Example 1 37.6 32.8 Comparative Example 2 30.8 29.4
[0115] It can be seen from Table 1 that the mechanical properties of the coating materials prepared in Examples 1 to 5 are better than those in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2.
[0116] Table 2
[0117]
[0118]
[0119] As can be seen from Table 2, the slow-release properties of the fertilizers prepared in Examples 1 to 5 are better than those in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2.
[0120] Table 3
[0121] project Incidence / % Yield per mu (kg / mu) Example 1 1.36 2145 Example 2 1.32 2169 Example 3 1.30 2178 Example 4 1.26 2184 Example 5 1.22 2196 Comparative Example 1 32.61 1968 Comparative Example 2 48.92 1912
[0122] It can be seen from Table 3 that the fertilizers prepared in Examples 1 to 5 can reduce the incidence of kiwifruit canker and increase the per-acre yield of kiwifruit.
[0123] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
[0124] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A compound fertilizer specially used for large-scale planting of Chinese kiwifruit, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of fertilizer particles and 20-30 parts of coating materials.
2. The compound fertilizer specially used for large-scale planting of Chinese kiwifruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: Fertilizer granules are made by the following steps: Dissolve nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and trace elements in water, stir, and then spray drum granulate to obtain fertilizer granules; the dosage ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, trace elements and water is 1.4-1.8kg: 4-7g: 2L; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers include the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 35-45 parts of phosphorus fertilizer, and 35-45 parts of potassium fertilizer.
3. The compound fertilizer for large-scale planting of Chinese kiwifruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitrogen fertilizer is urea; the phosphate fertilizer is one or more of phosphorus pentoxide, diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed in any proportion; the potash fertilizer is one or more of potassium oxide, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, and potassium nitrate mixed in any proportion; the trace elements are a combination of copper, iron, zinc, and manganese compounds in any ratio.
4. The compound fertilizer specially used for large-scale planting of Chinese kiwifruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the coating material is as follows: The modified corn starch polymer is dissolved in isopropanol, and then a gelatin aqueous solution and a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution are added, and after being mixed evenly, Tween-80 and glycerol are added, and after stirring at 90° C. for 30 minutes, the pH value is adjusted to 4-5 with a 2% acetic acid solution by mass fraction, and formaldehyde is added, and the reaction is carried out at 90° C. for 2-3 hours to obtain a coating material; The dosage ratio of modified corn starch polymer, isopropanol, gelatin aqueous solution, polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, Tween-80, glycerol and formaldehyde is 1g:20mL:50mL:7mL:0.4-1mL:0.4-0.8mL:0.4-0.7mL; the dosage ratio of gelatin to water in the gelatin aqueous solution is 0.4g:20mL; the dosage ratio of polyvinyl alcohol to water in the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is 1.6g:20mL.
5. The compound fertilizer specially used for large-scale planting of Actinidia chinensis according to claim 4, characterized in that: The preparation method of modified corn starch polymer is: Dissolve corn starch in 85°C water, stir for 30 minutes, add 2% acetic acid solution by mass to obtain a mixed solution a, stir for 30 minutes, dissolve polysiloxane in isopropanol, then add the mixture to the mixed solution a, continue stirring, react at 60°C for 4-5 hours, evaporate the solvent under reduced pressure, wash with water, and vacuum dry to obtain a modified corn starch polymer; The dosage ratio of corn starch, water, acetic acid solution with a mass fraction of 2%, polysiloxane and isopropanol is 5g:80-85mL:15-20mL:0.05-0.2g:2-3mL.
6. The compound fertilizer specially used for large-scale planting of Chinese kiwifruit according to claim 5, characterized in that: The preparation method of polysiloxane is: Slowly drop polymethylhydrogensiloxane into a reaction container, add 4-vinylbenzeneboronic acid and antibacterial monomer, heat to 80-85° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere, then drop chloroplatinic acid solution, and keep the temperature for 3 hours to obtain polysiloxane.
7. The compound fertilizer specially used for large-scale planting of Actinidia chinensis according to claim 6, characterized in that: The dosage ratio of polymethylhydrogensiloxane, 4-vinylbenzeneboronic acid, antibacterial monomer and chloroplatinic acid solution is 5-5.5mL:1.5g:3.1g:50μL; the dosage ratio of chloroplatinic acid and isopropanol in the chloroplatinic acid solution is 0.25g:25mL.
8. The compound fertilizer specially used for large-scale planting of Chinese kiwifruit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The preparation method of the antibacterial monomer is as follows: Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 1,2-epoxy-4-bromobutane and acetone were mixed, nitrogen was introduced, the mixture was reacted at 55°C for 60 hours, and vacuum rotary evaporation was performed. After the remaining distillate was cooled to room temperature, ether was added, crystallized, filtered, washed and dried to obtain an antibacterial monomer.
9. The compound fertilizer specially used for large-scale planting of Actinidia chinensis according to claim 8, characterized in that: The usage ratio of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 1,2-epoxy-4-bromobutane and acetone is 5.3g:0.6g:30mL.
10. The method for preparing a high-magnesium content compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The fertilizer particles are placed in a spray drum granulator, and the coating material is coated on the surface of the fertilizer particles in a rotating state, and the particles are dried in an oven at 50-60° C. to obtain a special compound fertilizer for large-scale planting of Chinese kiwifruit.