A slope ecological protection drainage structure

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of slope protection of ecological engineering, and provides a slope ecological protection drainage structure, including an intercepting ditch, a water collection ditch, and a diversion ditch; the intercepting ditch is arranged on the top surface of the slope; the water collection ditch is arranged on the slope surface of the slope, the water collection ditch extends from the top of the slope to the bottom, and the water collection ditch is connected with the intercepting ditch; the diversion ditch includes a plurality of primary diversion ditches, the primary diversion ditch is arranged on the slope, and the primary diversion ditch extends obliquely downward from the top of the slope to the bottom. In this structure, the upstream rainfall water of the top of the slope is intercepted by the intercepting ditch and then discharged into the water collection ditch, and then discharged into the downstream, which can avoid the upstream rainfall water of the top of the slope directly flowing into the slope through the top of the slope, thereby increasing the degree of slope scouring. The diversion ditch can divide the slope into different water collection areas, and the rainfall in each water collection area is collected into the corresponding primary diversion ditch, and then discharged into the downstream. It can significantly reduce the surface runoff along the slope from the top to the bottom of the slope, avoid the continuous increase of water collection per unit area along the way, and reduce the degree of slope scouring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological engineering slope protection, and in particular relates to a slope ecological protection drainage structure. Background Art

[0002] Slope protection practice has a long history of application in my country and is a relatively mature technology. Traditional slope protection focuses on the stability and safety of slope structures, and mostly uses hard materials such as mortar masonry and cast-in-place concrete for rigid slope protection. In the short term, it can provide better slope protection, but the rigid slope protection structure has poor durability and is prone to structural aging, cracking and damage, resulting in the decline of slope protection function and reduced slope protection effect. In addition, the rigid slope constructed in the water inlet area will form an ecological isolation zone at the interface between water and land, seriously affecting the information transmission between aquatic and terrestrial organisms and reducing biodiversity. With the rise of slope ecological protection technology, a large number of vegetation slope consolidation projects have been widely used for their good ecological and landscape effects.

[0003] Slope ecological protection is an organic combination of slope protection and slope greening, and vegetation restoration is one of the important conditions for its success. Existing slope ecological protection projects often use fixed substrates such as prefabricated porous plates or protective nets to plant plants, without considering the poor durability of the protection project structure, which affects the cultivation effect of slope vegetation. In addition, the existing slope ecological protection projects do not design drainage channels for the top of the slope and the rainfall on the slope, which can easily cause the slope to be eroded for a long time and with high intensity, causing deformation of the slope structure and soil erosion, resulting in problems such as slope structure safety and secondary ecological degradation. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a slope ecological protection drainage structure, which overcomes the shortcomings and limitations of traditional slope protection and can be effectively applied to river slopes, lakeside slopes and other near-natural water slopes and mountain slopes. By constructing a drainage structure network and creating planting conditions, the rainfall and water collection on the top and slope surface can be reasonably guided, and the rainfall and water collection on the top of the slope upstream can be effectively intercepted, significantly reducing the rainfall and water collection per unit area of ​​the slope surface, creating planting conditions, and reducing the slope scouring intensity, so as to achieve the purpose of ecological slope protection and soil consolidation, and have the effect of landscape beauty.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a slope ecological protection drainage structure, including an intercepting ditch, a drainage ditch, and a diversion ditch; The intercepting ditch is arranged on the top surface of the slope; The water collection ditch is arranged on the slope surface of the slope body, the water collection ditch extends from the top end to the bottom end of the slope surface, and the water collection ditch is connected with the intercepting ditch; The guide groove comprises a plurality of primary guide grooves, wherein the primary guide grooves are arranged on the slope surface, the primary guide grooves extend from the top end to the bottom end of the slope surface, and the primary guide grooves are arranged obliquely downward with the slope surface as a reference plane. Preferably, the primary guide ditch is a stepped structure. Preferably, the cross-sectional size of the primary guide ditch gradually increases from upstream to downstream.

[0006] Preferably, the diversion ditch further comprises a secondary diversion ditch; The secondary diversion ditch is arranged on the slope surface, and the secondary diversion ditch is communicated with the primary diversion ditch.

[0007] Preferably, the secondary diversion ditch is of an "L"-shaped structure, the transverse section of the secondary diversion ditch is arranged obliquely downward with the slope as a reference plane, and the end of the transverse section of the secondary diversion ditch is connected to the primary diversion ditch.

[0008] Preferably, the diversion ditch further comprises a three-level diversion ditch; The tertiary diversion ditch is arranged on the slope surface, and the tertiary diversion ditch is connected with the primary diversion ditch.

[0009] Preferably, the tertiary diversion ditch is an "L"-shaped structure, the transverse section of the tertiary diversion ditch is arranged obliquely downward with the slope as a reference plane, and the end of the transverse section of the tertiary diversion ditch is connected to the primary diversion ditch.

[0010] Preferably, the cross-section of the intercepting ditch is a rectangular or "U"-shaped structure.

[0011] Preferably, the cross-section of the drainage ditch is a rectangular or "U"-shaped structure.

[0012] Preferably, aquatic or wetland plants are planted in the intercepting ditch, the water collection ditch and the diversion ditch.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention provides a slope ecological protection drainage structure, in which the upstream rainfall water from the top of the slope is intercepted by the interception ditch and then discharged into the drainage ditch, and then discharged downstream, which can prevent the upstream rainfall water from the top of the slope from directly flowing into the slope through the top of the slope, increasing the degree of slope scouring. The diversion ditch can divide the slope into different drainage areas, and the rainfall in each drainage area is collected into the corresponding primary diversion ditch and then discharged downstream. It can significantly reduce the surface runoff from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope, avoid the continuous increase of the water volume per unit area along the way, and reduce the degree of slope scouring.

[0014] 2. The present invention provides a slope ecological protection drainage structure, which divides the slope into multiple water collection areas by setting a primary diversion ditch, a secondary diversion ditch, and a tertiary diversion ditch, evenly distributes the water collection on the slope, narrows the unit area of ​​different water collection areas, creates good plant planting conditions, and is conducive to vegetation restoration and soil consolidation and slope protection. In general, the slope ecological protection drainage structure is jointly constructed by the intercepting ditch, water collection ditch, multi-level diversion ditch, and multi-level water collection area on the ecological slope, which reasonably guides the upstream rainfall water collection on the top of the slope, can effectively intercept the upstream rainfall water collection on the top of the slope, significantly reduce the rainfall water collection per unit area of ​​the slope, create planting conditions, reduce the slope scouring intensity, achieve the purpose of ecological slope protection and soil consolidation, and have the effect of landscape beauty. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 One of the three-dimensional structural schematic diagrams of a slope ecological protection drainage structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A second three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a slope ecological protection drainage structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a top view of a diversion ditch of a slope ecological protection drainage structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the top view of a partial diversion ditch of a slope ecological protection drainage structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are listed as follows: 1. Slope; 2. Intercepting ditch; 3. Drainage ditch; 4. diversion ditch; 401. primary diversion ditch; 402. secondary diversion ditch; 403. tertiary diversion ditch; 5. Primary catchment area; 6. Secondary catchment area; 7. Third-level catchment area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the technical solutions and advantages in the embodiments of the present application more clearly understood, the exemplary embodiments of the present application are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than an exhaustive list of all the embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0018] This embodiment provides a slope ecological protection drainage structure, which can be applied not only to river slopes, lakeside slopes and other slopes near natural water bodies, but also to mountain slopes and other types.

[0019] The slope ecological protection drainage structure provided in this embodiment includes an intercepting ditch 2, a drainage ditch 3, and a diversion ditch 4.

[0020] The intercepting ditch 2 is arranged on the top surface of the slope 1. Figure 1-2 The slope 1 has a slope ratio of about 1:1.2 and a slope height of about 3 meters. The intercepting ditch 2 is arranged along the top of the slope to intercept and collect the upstream rainfall of the top of the slope.

[0021] The drainage ditch 3 is arranged on the slope surface of the slope body 1, and the drainage ditch 3 extends from the top to the bottom of the slope surface, and the drainage ditch 3 is connected with the intercepting ditch 2. For example, see Figure 2 The drainage ditch 3 is arranged along the slope, and the top of the drainage ditch 3 is connected with the intercepting ditch 2. The rainwater in the intercepting ditch 2 can directly flow into the drainage ditch 3 and then be discharged downstream.

[0022] The diversion ditch 4 includes a plurality of primary diversion ditch 401, which is arranged on the slope surface, and extends from the top to the bottom of the slope surface, and the primary diversion ditch 401 is arranged obliquely downward with the slope surface as the reference plane. Figure 3-4 A plurality of primary diversion ditches 401 are arranged on the slope, and the plurality of primary diversion ditches 401 are arranged in parallel and are not connected to each other. Since the primary diversion ditches 401 are arranged obliquely downward on the slope, the primary diversion ditches 401 can divide the slope into different catchment areas. Rainfall in the upper area of ​​the primary diversion ditches 401 is collected into the primary diversion ditches 401, and rainfall in the lower area is collected into the adjacent primary diversion ditches 401 on the left.

[0023] The technical solution provided by this embodiment is that the upstream rainfall water from the top of the slope is intercepted by the interception ditch 2 and then discharged into the drainage ditch 3, and then discharged downstream, which can prevent the upstream rainfall water from the top of the slope from directly flowing into the slope surface through the top of the slope, increasing the degree of slope scouring. The diversion ditch 4 can divide the slope into different areas, and the rainfall in each area is collected into the corresponding first-level diversion ditch 401, and then discharged downstream. It can significantly reduce the surface runoff along the slope top to the bottom of the slope, avoid the continuous increase of the water volume per unit area along the way, and reduce the degree of slope scouring.

[0024] On the basis of the above technical solution, this embodiment provides a specific implementation method of a primary guide ditch 401: the primary guide ditch 401 is a stepped structure.

[0025] For example, see Figure 3 The primary diversion ditch 401 first extends from the top of the slope downward along the slope for a certain distance, then extends to the right along the slope for a certain distance, then continues to extend downward along the slope for a certain distance, then continues to extend to the right along the slope for a certain distance... until it extends to the bottom of the slope.

[0026] The first-level diversion ditch 401 has a curvature treatment at the corner. A plurality of first-level diversion ditch 401 can separate the slope into different catchment areas, and rainfall in different catchment areas flows into the corresponding first-level diversion ditch 401 respectively, and finally flows downstream along the first-level diversion ditch 401.

[0027] For example, see Figure 4 The distance between the left and right primary diversion ditches 401 is small, so that four rectangular water catchment areas are formed between the two primary diversion ditches 401. Take the top rectangular water catchment area as an example. The rainwater in the rectangular water catchment area can directly flow into the left primary diversion ditches 401, and will not flow along the slope to the area below it, which can prevent the rainwater in the rectangular water catchment area from merging with the rainwater in the area below it, so as to avoid the continuous increase of the water catchment along the way and reduce the degree of downstream slope scouring.

[0028] Of course, the primary guide groove 401 may also be in other shapes, such as a wavy structure, an arc structure, or a straight structure, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0029] The cross section of the primary diversion ditch 401 can be in the form of an arc, a curve, etc., and the geometric dimensions are determined according to factors such as the catchment area, the designed rainfall, etc. Moreover, the cross-sectional dimensions of the primary diversion ditch 401 gradually increase from upstream to downstream, which is conducive to diversion and blockage prevention. For example, the inner bottom surface of the primary diversion ditch 401 is an arc surface, and the arc surface radius of the primary diversion ditch 401 adjacent to the top of the slope is 0.03m, and the arc surface radius increases by 0.01m for each step.

[0030] The guide ditch 4 provided in this embodiment further includes a secondary guide ditch 402 ; the secondary guide ditch 402 is arranged on the slope surface, and the secondary guide ditch 402 is connected to the primary guide ditch 401 .

[0031] Furthermore, the secondary diversion ditch 402 is an “L”-shaped structure, and the transverse section of the secondary diversion ditch 402 is arranged obliquely downward with the slope as a reference plane, and the end of the transverse section of the secondary diversion ditch 402 is connected to the primary diversion ditch 401 .

[0032] For example, see Figure 4 The secondary diversion ditch 402 includes a transverse section and a vertical section. The vertical section of the secondary diversion ditch 402 extends downward along the slope to be connected to the left end of the transverse section through a hook, and the right end of the transverse section of the secondary diversion ditch 402 is connected to the primary diversion ditch 401. In this way, rainwater in the upper area of ​​the secondary diversion ditch 402 will flow into the secondary diversion ditch 402, and will not flow to the lower area of ​​the secondary diversion ditch 402, that is, rainwater in the upper area of ​​the secondary diversion ditch 402 cannot merge with rainwater in the lower area, which can avoid an increase in the amount of rainwater collected in the lower area, resulting in an increase in the slope scouring degree. Its principle is similar to that of the primary diversion ditch 401.

[0033] The guide ditch 4 provided in this embodiment further includes a tertiary guide ditch 403 ; the tertiary guide ditch 403 is arranged on the slope surface, and the tertiary guide ditch 403 is connected with the primary guide ditch 401 .

[0034] Furthermore, the tertiary diversion ditch 403 is an “L”-shaped structure, and the transverse section of the tertiary diversion ditch 403 is arranged obliquely downward with the slope as a reference plane, and the end of the transverse section of the tertiary diversion ditch 403 is connected to the primary diversion ditch 401 .

[0035] For example, see Figure 4 The third-level diversion ditch 403 includes a horizontal section and a vertical section. The vertical section of the third-level diversion ditch 403 extends downward along the slope to be connected to the left end of the horizontal section through a hook, and the right end of the horizontal section of the third-level diversion ditch 403 is connected to the first-level diversion ditch 401. In this way, rainwater in the upper area of ​​the third-level diversion ditch 403 will flow into the third-level diversion ditch 403, and will not flow to the lower area of ​​the third-level diversion ditch 403, that is, rainwater in the upper area of ​​the third-level diversion ditch 403 cannot merge with rainwater in the lower area, which can avoid an increase in the amount of rainwater collected in the lower area, resulting in an increase in the slope scouring degree. Its principle is similar to that of the first-level diversion ditch 401.

[0036] The inner bottom surfaces of the secondary guide groove 402 and the tertiary guide groove 403 can both be arc surfaces, and the radius of the arc surfaces is 0.03 m.

[0037] The third-level diversion ditch 403, the second-level diversion ditch 402, and the first-level diversion ditch 401 can form a slope drainage structure network together, dividing the slope into multiple levels of drainage areas. Figure 4 The distance between the left and right primary diversion ditches 401 is small, and four rectangular water collection areas are formed between the two primary diversion ditches 401. Take the top rectangular water collection area as an example. A secondary diversion ditch 402 and a tertiary diversion ditch 403 are provided in the rectangular water collection area, and the top of the vertical section of the tertiary diversion ditch 403 extends to the top of the rectangular water collection area, and the top of the vertical section of the secondary diversion ditch 402 also extends to the top of the rectangular water collection area.

[0038] At this time, the inner area of ​​the tertiary diversion ditch 403 is called the tertiary catchment area 7, and the rainwater in the tertiary catchment area 7 will all flow into the tertiary diversion ditch 403.

[0039] The area between the secondary diversion ditch 402 and the tertiary diversion ditch 403 is called the secondary water catchment area 6, and rainwater in the secondary water catchment area 6 will all flow into the secondary diversion ditch 402.

[0040] The area between the primary diversion ditch 401 and the secondary diversion ditch 402 is called the primary catchment area 5, and rainwater in the primary catchment area 5 will all flow into the primary diversion ditch 401.

[0041] The catchment area division of each area is determined by comprehensively considering factors such as slope height, slope, design rainfall, catchment area, etc. For example, in the same rectangular catchment area, the lengths of the vertical and horizontal sections of the first-level diversion ditch 401 are both 0.3m, the lengths of the vertical and horizontal sections of the second-level diversion ditch 402 are both 0.2m, and the lengths of the vertical and horizontal sections of the third-level diversion ditch 403 are both 0.15m. At this time, the area of ​​the first-level catchment area 5 is 0.0225m 2 , the area of ​​secondary catchment area 6 is 0.0175m 2 , the area of ​​the third-level catchment area 7 is 0.0225m 2 . Ryegrass is planted in all levels of catchment areas.

[0042] In summary, the multi-level diversion ditch and multi-level catchment area form a specific drainage structure on the slope, which can evenly distribute the water volume of the same-level catchment area and narrow the catchment area of ​​different levels. The rainfall in the catchment area of ​​each level will eventually flow into the first-level diversion ditch 401 and then be discharged downstream. This creates good conditions for plant colonization, which is conducive to vegetation recovery and soil consolidation and slope protection.

[0043] In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, the number of diversion ditch levels is generally three, and the actual number of levels can be determined comprehensively based on the slope geometry parameters, slope, design rainfall, catchment area, etc., with the minimum number of levels being three. For example, in some embodiments, the diversion ditch 4 can also include a four-level diversion ditch, a five-level diversion ditch, etc.

[0044] In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, aquatic or wetland plants are planted in the intercepting ditch 2, the water collection ditch 3, and the diversion ditch 4. Native aquatic or wetland plants with strong pollution resistance, developed root system, good soil fixation effect, and easy management can be selected. One or more plants can be selected for planting, and the planting density is determined according to the plant type.

[0045] The geometric dimensions of the intercepting ditch 2 and the drainage ditch 3 can be determined comprehensively based on the designed rainfall, drainage area, structural safety, etc. The cross section of the intercepting ditch 2 can be a rectangular or "U" shaped structure. The cross section of the drainage ditch 3 can be a rectangular or "U" shaped structure.

[0046] For example, the cross section of the intercepting ditch 2 is rectangular, 0.2m wide and 0.3m high, and bermudagrass is planted at the bottom of the ditch. A drainage ditch 3 is arranged on the slope every 50m along the length direction of the intercepting ditch 2, and bermudagrass is planted at the bottom of the ditch.

[0047] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0048] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0049] Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art may make other changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present application.

[0050] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A slope ecological protection drainage structure, characterized in that: It includes a water intercepting ditch (2), a water collecting ditch (3), and a diversion ditch (4); The intercepting ditch (2) is arranged on the top surface of the slope (1); The water collection ditch (3) is arranged on the slope surface of the slope body (1), the water collection ditch (3) extends from the top end to the bottom end of the slope surface, and the water collection ditch (3) is connected with the intercepting ditch (2); The guide groove (4) comprises a plurality of primary guide grooves (401), wherein the primary guide grooves (401) are arranged on the slope surface, the primary guide grooves (401) extend from the top end to the bottom end of the slope surface, and the primary guide grooves (401) are arranged obliquely downward with the slope surface as a reference plane.

2. A slope ecological protection drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The primary guide groove (401) is a stepped structure.

3. The slope ecological protection drainage structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cross-sectional dimensions of the primary guide groove (401) gradually increase from upstream to downstream.

4. The slope ecological protection drainage structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The guide groove (4) further includes a secondary guide groove (402); The secondary diversion ditch (402) is arranged on the slope surface, and the secondary diversion ditch (402) is connected to the primary diversion ditch (401).

5. A slope ecological protection drainage structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The secondary diversion ditch (402) is of an "L"-shaped structure, the transverse section of the secondary diversion ditch (402) is arranged obliquely downward with the slope surface as a reference plane, and the end of the transverse section of the secondary diversion ditch (402) is connected to the primary diversion ditch (401).

6. The slope ecological protection drainage structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The diversion groove (4) further comprises a third-level diversion groove (403); The tertiary diversion ditch (403) is arranged on the slope surface, and the tertiary diversion ditch (403) is connected to the primary diversion ditch (401).

7. A slope ecological protection drainage structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The tertiary diversion ditch (403) is an "L"-shaped structure, the transverse section of the tertiary diversion ditch (403) is arranged obliquely downward with the slope surface as a reference plane, and the end of the transverse section of the tertiary diversion ditch (403) is connected to the primary diversion ditch (401).

8. The slope ecological protection drainage structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cross section of the intercepting ditch (2) is a rectangular or U-shaped structure.

9. The slope ecological protection drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the drainage ditch (3) is a rectangular or U-shaped structure.

10. The slope ecological protection drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Aquatic or wetland plants are planted in the intercepting ditch (2), the water collection ditch (3) and the diversion ditch (4).

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