Vertical shaft with special-shaped grating and open caisson excavation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a vertical shaft with a special-shaped grating and an open caisson excavation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of vertical shaft excavation. The technical problems that in the prior art, the construction cost is high, the construction efficiency is low, and the operation safety is poor are solved. The vertical shaft with the special-shaped grating comprises a vertical shaft wall, the special-shaped grating, a cylinder brick moulding bed matching surface, a grating brick moulding bed matching surface and a steel angle bead mounting part, and a cylinder brick moulding bed and a grating brick moulding bed are both formed by stacking lime-sand bricks and cement mortar; and cutting edges can be formed at the bottoms of the vertical shaft wall and the partition wall by chiseling away the cylinder brick moulding bed and the grating brick moulding bed. The construction cost and the operation risk are reduced, and the operation safety and the construction efficiency are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of vertical shaft excavation, and in particular to a vertical shaft with a special-shaped grid and a method for excavating and caissoning the vertical shaft with the special-shaped grid. Background Art

[0002] Vertical shafts with special-shaped grilles are widely used in the field of sewage treatment, but how to scientifically and reasonably design and construct the structure has always been a difficult problem in the engineering field.

[0003] In the prior art, the method for constructing a shaft with a special-shaped grille generally involves first excavating earth at a predetermined construction location to dig a deep pit sufficient to accommodate the shaft with the special-shaped grille. Due to the depth of the deep pit, a large amount of muddy water will seep out of the surrounding soil and flow into the deep pit, especially in low-lying areas or near rivers and lakes. A high-power water pump is required to promptly pump out the muddy water at the bottom of the deep pit. After the muddy water is pumped out, the reinforced concrete can be poured.

[0004] The applicant has found that the prior art has at least the following technical problems: The construction method of the shaft with special-shaped grids in the prior art is only suitable for construction in areas with relatively dry soil. When excavating earth near rivers and lakes, a lot of mud and water will seep out of the side walls of the deep pit. The water pumping capacity of the water pump is usually not enough to keep up with the amount of mud and water seeping out. The deep accumulation of mud and water will make it impossible to pour concrete, which seriously delays the construction period. Adding more high-power water pumps is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also reduces construction efficiency and increases construction costs. In addition, the mud and water seeping out during the pumping operation can easily cause the soil around the deep pit to collapse, which in turn causes safety accidents, resulting in poor operation safety. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present invention provide a vertical shaft with a special-shaped grid and a method for digging and caissoning the vertical shaft with the special-shaped grid, which solve the technical problems of high construction cost, low construction efficiency and poor operation safety in the prior art.

[0006] The embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solutions: An embodiment of the present invention provides a vertical shaft with a special-shaped grille, comprising a vertical shaft wall, a special-shaped grille, a matching surface of a barrel brick mold, a matching surface of a grille brick mold, and a steel corner protection installation portion, wherein: The shaft walls and special-shaped grilles are all reinforced concrete structures with waterproof properties; The special-shaped grille is composed of several partition walls fixedly installed inside the shaft wall; The matching surface of the barrel brick mold is an inclined surface set on the inner side of the bottom of the shaft wall, and the matching surface of the grille brick mold is an inclined surface set at the edges of both sides of the partition wall; the shaft with the special-shaped grille has an above-ground state and an underground state. When the shaft with the special-shaped grille is in the above-ground state, the matching surface of the barrel brick mold abuts against the barrel brick mold, and the matching surface of the grille brick mold abuts against the grille brick mold; The steel corner guard installation portion accommodates the steel corner guard that wraps the outer right-angle corners of the shaft wall. The cross-section of the steel corner guard is a "∟"-shaped steel material. The vertical outer wall of the steel corner guard is flush with the outer wall surface of the shaft wall, and the horizontal outer wall of the steel corner guard is flush with the bottom surface of the shaft wall. The barrel brick mold and the grille brick mold are each made of gray sand bricks and cement mortar. By chiseling away the barrel brick mold and the grille brick mold, a blade foot can be formed at the bottom of the shaft wall and the partition wall.

[0007] Optionally, the inner wall of the vertical part and the inner wall of the horizontal part of the steel corner guard are both welded to the steel bars in the shaft wall via two staggered steel connecting bars.

[0008] Optionally, the vertical surface of the barrel brick mold is flush with the inner wall of the shaft wall, and the vertical surface of the grille brick mold is flush with the side wall of the partition wall; the cement mortar in the barrel brick mold and the grille brick mold is located between the lime sand bricks and in the gap between the lime sand bricks and the matching surface of the barrel brick mold or the matching surface of the grille brick mold.

[0009] Optionally, the mass ratio of cement to sand in the cement mortar is 1 / 5-1 / 3, and the mass ratio of water to cement is 0.6-0.7.

[0010] Optionally, the sand-lime bricks are stacked in a staggered arrangement in the vertical direction.

[0011] Optionally, the vertical shaft with the special-shaped grille further includes a valve well, the vertical section of the valve well is U-shaped, the well wall of the valve well is connected to the well wall of the vertical shaft as a whole, and the valve well is connected to the compartment grid through a pre-buried waterproof casing; A gravel layer is laid under the valve well. When the vertical shaft with the special-shaped grid is in an underground state, the bottom of the valve well is in contact with the gravel layer. The vertical cross-sectional shapes of the gravel layer and the pit accommodating the valve well are both inverted right-angled trapezoids. The space above the gravel layer of the pit accommodating the valve well is filled with earth.

[0012] Optionally, when the vertical shaft with the special-shaped grid is above ground, the bottom surfaces of the vertical shaft wall and the partition wall respectively form a cushion pressure surface that presses against a plain concrete cushion on the soil, and the plain concrete cushion is made of plain concrete; the plain concrete contains cement, sand, gravel and water but does not contain steel bars.

[0013] Optionally, the vertical shaft with the special-shaped grid further comprises a sealing layer, a drainage weight layer, a plurality of waterproof bottom plates and a plurality of cover plates, wherein: The special-shaped grille divides the internal space of the shaft wall into several compartments in the horizontal direction, and the compartments are covered with covers; different waterproof bottom plates are arranged in different compartments; the sealing layer is between the waterproof bottom plate and the soil; the drainage counterweight layer is located above the waterproof bottom plate and the drainage counterweight layer has a slope; the shaft wall and the partition wall of the special-shaped grille have construction grooves that are concave in the horizontal direction, and the edges of the waterproof bottom plate in each compartment are embedded in the construction grooves.

[0014] The method for digging and caissoning a vertical shaft with a special-shaped grid provided by the present invention comprises the following steps: Step A, excavating a foundation pit, constructing a plain concrete cushion in the foundation pit, constructing a barrel brick mold, a grid brick mold and placing a steel corner guard on the plain concrete cushion; Step B, constructing the lower section of the shaft wall and the lower section of the partition wall on the plain concrete cushion layer, the barrel brick formwork, the grid brick formwork and the steel corner guard; Step C, chiseling away the plain concrete cushion layer, the barrel brick formwork and the grille brick formwork, so that the cushion layer pressure surface directly contacts the soil below, and the shaft wall and the bottom of the partition wall form a blade foot; excavating the soil below the cell, and excavating a pot-bottom-shaped pit on the soil, until the lower section of the shaft wall and the lower section of the partition wall sink to the target depth position of the shaft with the special-shaped grille under the action of gravity; Step D: construct the sealing bottom layer and the waterproof bottom plate in the cell from bottom to top, construct the upper section of the shaft wall and the upper section of the partition wall on the lower section of the shaft wall and the lower section of the partition wall, construct the valve well and the drainage weight layer, and install the cover plate.

[0015] Optionally, the method for digging and caissoning a vertical shaft with a special-shaped grid further comprises the following steps: Step E: While removing the plain concrete cushion layer, fill the gap between the plain concrete cushion layer and the soil below with sand to backfill the cavity created by removing the plain concrete cushion layer; Step F: If the soil at the blade foot cannot collapse to the center of the pot-shaped pit formed by the excavation during the excavation process, use a water jet pipe to spray water to the soil at the blade foot to cause the soil to collapse and increase the sinking speed; Step G, digging a number of precipitation wells outside the shaft wall, with intervals between adjacent precipitation wells, and each precipitation well is equipped with a water pump; Step H: The water pump continuously draws water from the precipitation well and discharges the water into a nearby river or lake.

[0016] Any of the above technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention produces at least the following technical effects: The present invention can first build a barrel brick mold, a grille brick mold and a vertical shaft with special-shaped grilles on the ground, and then chisel out the barrel brick mold and the grille brick mold to form a blade-like blade foot on the shaft wall and the bottom of the partition wall. At this time, it is only necessary to dig the soil in the warehouse grid so that the vertical shaft with the special-shaped grille can sink to the ground under the action of its own weight and switch from the ground state to the underground state. The provision of the steel corner guard improves the structural strength and sharpness of the blade foot, improves the sinking efficiency, and reduces the workload of earth excavation. Since the shaft wall and the special-shaped grille are both reinforced concrete structures with waterproof properties, a retaining wall will be formed during the sinking process of the shaft wall, thereby preventing the mud and water on the side wall of the deep pit dug during earth excavation from seeping into the bin grid and the deep pit, thereby avoiding too much mud and water affecting the construction progress and construction efficiency, and saving the cost caused by removing the mud and water, so the construction cost is lower. Even if some mud and water may gush out from the bottom of the deep pit, the amount of mud and water in the deep pit has been greatly reduced compared with the prior art. At the same time, the construction of the sealing bottom layer itself also requires the use of water, so the mud and water gushing out from the ground not only has a negligible negative impact on the construction, but also saves the step of adding water when building the sealing bottom layer, giving full play to the effectiveness of the mud and water on site. In addition, the retaining wall formed during the sinking process of the shaft wall can also prevent the soil around the deep pit from collapsing, thereby avoiding safety accidents caused by collapse, so the operation safety is also more ideal, thereby solving the technical problems of high construction cost, low construction efficiency and poor operation safety in the prior art.

[0017] Since the present invention has good water-retaining properties, it can be used not only in places with dry soil, but also in places with wet soil such as beside rivers or lakes, and has a wider range of applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Those skilled in the art may better understand the technical effects of the present invention through the following drawings, wherein: Figure 1 A schematic plan view of a vertical shaft with a special-shaped grid provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic cross-sectional view along line AA.

[0020] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic cross-sectional view along line BB.

[0021] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic cross-sectional view along line CC.

[0022] Figure 5A schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the middle shaft wall of a shaft with a special-shaped grille and the special-shaped grille provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the connection relationship between steel bars (the thick solid line represents the steel bar structure) and concrete (the thin solid line represents the outer contour of the concrete) in the shaft wall of a vertical shaft with a special-shaped grille provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the connection relationship between steel bars (the thick solid line represents the steel bar structure) and concrete (the thin solid line represents the outer contour of the concrete) in one of the partition walls of the special-shaped grille of the vertical shaft with the special-shaped grille provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the connection relationship between steel bars (the thick solid line represents the steel bar structure) and concrete (the thin solid line represents the outer contour of the concrete) in another partition wall of the special-shaped grille of the vertical shaft with the special-shaped grille provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the positional relationship between a vertical shaft with a special-shaped grid and a plain concrete cushion layer when the vertical shaft is above ground provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the connection relationship between a shaft steel corner protector with a special-shaped grille and steel bars in a shaft wall provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Markings in the figure: 1. Shaft wall; 101. Steel bars in the shaft wall; 2. Special-shaped grille; 3. Pressure surface of cushion layer; 4. Matching surface of brick formwork; 41. Matching surface of brick formwork for cylinder body; 42. Matching surface of grille brick formwork; 5. Plain concrete cushion layer; 6. Steel corner guard; 7. Valve well; 8. Sealing layer; 9. Drainage weight layer; 10. Waterproof bottom plate; 11. Cover plate; 12. Brick formwork for cylinder body; 13. Vertical convex edge; 14. Horizontal convex edge; 156. Waterproof casing; 15. Casing body; 16. Limiting flange; 17. Construction groove; 18. Gravel layer; 19. Frame column; 20. Steel connecting reinforcement; 21. Sand cushion layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following is combined with the above Figure 1-Figure 10 The preferred implementation modes and various optional implementation modes provided by the embodiments of the present invention are described in more detail.

[0030] like Figure 1-Figure 10 As shown, the present invention provides a vertical shaft with a special-shaped grid, including a vertical shaft wall 1, a special-shaped grid 2, a cushion layer pressure surface 3, a brick mold matching surface 4, a steel corner protection installation part, a valve well 7, a sealing layer 8, a drainage weight layer 9, a plurality of waterproof bottom plates 10 and a plurality of cover plates 11, wherein: The shaft wall 1 and the special-shaped grille 2 are both reinforced concrete structures with waterproof performance, and the bottom sealing layer 8 and the drainage weight layer 9 are both concrete structures with waterproof performance; The special-shaped grille 2 is composed of a plurality of partition walls fixedly arranged inside the shaft wall 1. The special-shaped grille 2 divides the internal space of the shaft wall 1 into a plurality of compartments in the horizontal direction. The compartments are provided with a plurality of openings, each of which is covered with a cover plate 11. A waterproof casing for water flow is pre-buried in the partition wall, and the waterproof casing connects different compartments. The cushion layer pressure surface 3 is arranged at the bottom of the shaft wall 1 and the partition wall, and the cushion layer pressure surface 3 is parallel to the horizontal plane; The shaft with the special-shaped grid has an above-ground state and an underground state. When the shaft with the special-shaped grid is in the above-ground state, the cushion pressure surfaces 3 of the shaft wall 1 and the partition wall are pressed against the plain concrete cushion 5 on the soil, and the top surface of the plain concrete cushion 5 is parallel to the horizontal plane; when the shaft with the special-shaped grid is in the underground state, the cushion pressure surfaces 3 of the shaft wall 1 and the partition wall are pressed against the soil; The brick mold matching surface 4 includes a barrel brick mold matching surface 41 and a grille brick mold matching surface 42. The barrel brick mold matching surface 41 is an inclined surface arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the shaft wall 1. There is an angle of 50° to 75° between the barrel brick mold matching surface 41 and the horizontal plane. The vertical section of the barrel brick mold 12 is a right triangle. When the shaft with the special-shaped grille is on the ground, the inclined surface of the barrel brick mold 12 abuts against the barrel brick mold matching surface 41. The horizontal surface of the barrel brick mold 12 is flush with the cushion layer pressing surface 3 and pressed against the plain concrete cushion layer 5. The vertical surface of the barrel brick mold 12 is flush with the inner wall of the shaft wall 1. The plain concrete cushion layer 5 pressed by the cushion layer pressing surface 3 of the shaft wall 1 has a horizontal width dimension of 1.5-2.5 times the thickness dimension of the shaft wall 1. The grille brick mold matching surface 42 is an inclined surface set at the edges of both sides of the partition wall. The vertical section of the grille brick mold is a right triangle. When the shaft with the special-shaped grille is on the ground, two grille brick molds are respectively set on both sides of the partition wall; the inclined surface of the grille brick mold is in contact with the grille brick mold matching surface 42, the horizontal surface of the grille brick mold is flush with the cushion layer pressing surface 3 and pressed on the plain concrete cushion layer 5, the vertical surface of the grille brick mold is flush with the side wall of the partition wall, and the plain concrete cushion layer 5 pressed by the cushion layer pressing surface 3 of the partition wall has a horizontal width dimension of 1.5-2.5 times the thickness dimension of the partition wall; The steel corner guard installation portion accommodates the steel corner guard 6 that wraps the outer right-angle corner of the shaft wall 1. The cross section of the steel corner guard 6 is a "∟"-shaped steel material. The vertical outer wall of the steel corner guard 6 is flush with the outer wall surface of the shaft wall 1, and the horizontal outer wall of the steel corner guard 6 is flush with the cushion pressure surface 3 of the shaft wall 1. By removing the plain concrete cushion layer 5, the barrel brick mold 12 and the grid brick mold, the shaft wall 1 and the bottom of the partition wall can form a blade foot. During the excavation of the soil in the shaft wall (in the cell), the shaft with the special-shaped grid can sink to the ground under the action of its own weight and switch from the above-ground state to the underground state. The steel corner guard 6 of the present invention can not only protect the outer right-angled corners of the shaft wall 1, and avoid damage to the outer right-angled corners of the shaft wall 1 during the process of chiseling the plain concrete cushion layer 5, the barrel brick mold 12 and the grille brick mold, but also after the plain concrete cushion layer 5, the barrel brick mold 12 and the grille brick mold are chiseled off, the steel corner guard 6 can increase the sharpness of the blade foot formed at the bottom of the shaft wall 1, thereby facilitating the sinking speed of the shaft with the special-shaped grille and reducing the amount of earth excavation. The coordination of the plain concrete cushion layer 5, the barrel brick mold 12 and the grille brick mold can form a supporting structure that is firm in the vertical direction but easy to chisel in the horizontal direction, so that the shaft wall 1 and the partition wall can be made higher in the vertical direction, reducing the frequency of segmented production, and even when the height of the shaft with the special-shaped grille is low, there is no need for segmented production. At the same time, the blade foot is sharper in the horizontal direction, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of construction.

[0031] The vertical cross section of the valve well 7 is U-shaped and the well wall of the valve well 7 is connected to the well wall 1 of the vertical shaft as a whole, and the valve well 7 is connected to the compartment through a pre-buried waterproof casing; A crushed stone layer 18 is laid below the valve well 7. When the vertical well with the special-shaped grid is in an underground state, the bottom of the valve well 7 abuts against the crushed stone layer 18. The waterproof bottom plate 10 is located at a height higher than the brick mold matching surface 4, and different waterproof bottom plates 10 are respectively arranged in different compartments and the waterproof bottom plates 10 in different compartments are all located at the same height; The sealing layer 8 is between the waterproof bottom plate 10 and the soil, and the thickness of the sealing layer 8 in the vertical direction is not less than the spacing between the cushion layer pressure surface 3 and the waterproof bottom plate 10; The drainage weight layer 9 is made of the same material as the bottom sealing layer 8, and the drainage weight layer 9 is located above the waterproof bottom plate 10 and has a slope. The drainage weight layer 9 can guide the water in part of the cells to the cells close to the shaft wall 1 by gravity. The openings of the shaft wall 1 and the special-shaped grille 2 have flanges extending in the horizontal direction, and the cover plate 11 is pressed against the flanges and is flush with the top surfaces of the shaft wall 1 and the special-shaped grille 2 .

[0032] The present invention can first build a plain concrete cushion layer 5, a barrel brick mold 12, a grille brick mold and a shaft with a special-shaped grille on the ground, and then remove the plain concrete cushion layer 5, the barrel brick mold 12 and the grille brick mold, so that the shaft wall 1 and the bottom of the partition wall form a blade-like foot. At this time, it is only necessary to dig the soil in the cell to allow the shaft with the special-shaped grille to sink to the ground under the action of its own weight and switch from the ground state to the underground state. Since the shaft wall 1 and the special-shaped grille 2 are both reinforced concrete structures with waterproof performance, a retaining wall will be formed during the sinking of the shaft wall 1, thereby preventing the mud and water on the side wall of the deep pit dug during the excavation from penetrating into the cell. and deep pits, thereby avoiding the impact of too much mud and water on construction progress and efficiency, and saving the cost of removing mud and water, so the construction cost is lower. Even if some mud and water may gush out from the bottom of the deep pit, the amount of mud and water in the deep pit has been greatly reduced compared with the prior art. At the same time, the construction of the sealing layer 8 itself also requires the use of water, so the mud and water gushing out from underground not only has a negligible negative impact on the construction, but also saves the step of adding water when building the sealing layer 8, and gives full play to the effectiveness of the on-site mud and water. In addition, the retaining wall formed during the sinking of the shaft wall 1 can also prevent the collapse of the soil around the deep pit, thereby avoiding safety accidents caused by collapse, so the operation safety is also more ideal.

[0033] Since the present invention has good water-retaining properties, it can be used not only in places with dry soil, but also in places with wet soil such as beside rivers or lakes, and has a wider range of applications.

[0034] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the inner wall of the vertical part and the inner wall of the horizontal part of the steel corner guard 6 in this embodiment are welded to the steel bars 101 in the shaft wall through two staggered steel connecting bars 20. The steel connecting bars 20 increase the connection strength between the steel corner guard 6 and the shaft wall, thereby also increasing the structural strength of the blade foot. The staggered steel connecting bars 20 each have a large angle with the inner wall of the steel corner guard 6, which is conducive to increasing the bending resistance of the steel corner guard 6.

[0035] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, in this embodiment, the vertical surface of the barrel brick mold 12 is flush with the inner wall of the shaft wall, and the vertical surface of the grid brick mold is flush with the side wall of the partition wall; the cement mortar in the barrel brick mold 12 and the grid brick mold is between the lime sand bricks and the gap between the lime sand bricks and the matching surface of the barrel brick mold 12 or the matching surface of the grid brick mold. The above structure occupies little space in the horizontal direction, which can not only reduce the amount of excavation of the foundation pit, but also help save the amount of cement mortar and lime sand bricks.

[0036] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of cement to sand in the cement mortar in this embodiment is 1 / 5-1 / 3, and the mass ratio of water to cement is 0.6-0.7. The cement mortar obtained by this ratio can not only meet the structural strength requirements of the barrel brick mold 12 and the grid brick mold, but also facilitate chiseling during the subsequent sinking operation.

[0037] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, in this embodiment, the sand-lime bricks are stacked in a staggered arrangement in the vertical direction. The cylindrical brick mold 12 and the sand-lime bricks in the grid brick mold obtained by this structure are evenly stressed at all places, and the overall structure is stable and has strong pressure bearing capacity.

[0038] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the contour line of the horizontal cross section of the cell in this embodiment is rectangular or right-angled trapezoidal; the section where the flange contacts the cover plate 11 includes a vertical convex edge 13 extending in the vertical direction and a horizontal convex edge 14 extending in the horizontal direction and connected to the vertical convex edge 13 as a whole; the circumferential outer wall of the cover plate 11 abuts against the vertical convex edge 13, and the bottom surface of the edge portion of the cover plate 11 presses against the horizontal convex edge 14; The provision of the vertical flange 13 can increase the size of the flange in the vertical direction, thereby improving the flexibility of the arrangement of the horizontal flange 14 in the vertical direction, and can also make the connection area between the horizontal flange 14 and the vertical flange 13 larger, which is beneficial to improving the connection strength of the horizontal flange 14.

[0039] The waterproof sleeve 156 includes a sleeve body 15 whose central axis extends in the horizontal direction and a limiting flange 16 fixedly arranged in the middle of the outer wall of the sleeve body 15 and extending in the vertical direction. The limiting flange 16 is embedded in the partition wall of the vertical shaft wall 1 or the special-shaped grille 2 and the port end face of the sleeve body 15 is flush with the vertical surface of the partition wall of the vertical shaft wall 1 or the special-shaped grille 2.

[0040] The waterproof sleeve 156 can be used as a channel for water circulation between different compartments, thereby different compartments can be used to separately achieve sedimentation and treatment of sewage.

[0041] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, in this embodiment, the plain concrete cushion layer 5 is made of plain concrete; the plain concrete contains cement, sand, gravel and water but does not contain steel bars, the thickness of the plain concrete cushion layer 5 is not less than 150 mm and not more than 250 mm, and the strength grade of the plain concrete is not less than C20; The barrel brick mold 12 and the grille brick mold are each made of lime sand bricks and cement mortar, and the lime sand bricks are stacked in a staggered manner in the vertical direction, and the cement mortar is in the gaps between the lime sand bricks. The mass ratio of lime sand bricks to cement mortar is 1 / 3; the brick mold made of lime sand bricks and cement mortar stacked in the above manner can ensure that it has sufficient strength in the vertical direction to support the shaft wall 1 and the special-shaped grille 2, and can also ensure that it can be easily chiseled off in the horizontal direction.

[0042] The main function of the plain concrete cushion layer 5 is to provide a support platform with an ideal horizontality. The advantage of using the plain concrete cushion layer 5, lime sand bricks and cement mortar together is that it can not only meet the strength requirements of the construction, but also facilitate subsequent chiseling to expose the blade foot.

[0043] The valve well 7 and the waterproof bottom plate 10 are both made of reinforced concrete, the sealing bottom layer 8 and the drainage weight layer 9 are both made of concrete, and the cover plate 11 is made of metal; The reinforced concrete material is not only high in strength, but also has good waterproof properties, and is suitable for sewage treatment. The sealing layer 8 can reduce vibration on the one hand, and prevent groundwater from flowing into the cell on the other hand.

[0044] The drainage weight layer 9 can not only use the gravity of the water flow itself to guide the water into the preset compartment, but also increase the weight of the vertical shaft with the special-shaped grid, thereby improving its stability.

[0045] In the horizontal direction, the width of the gravel layer 18 is greater than the width of the valve well 7. The vertical cross-sectional shapes of the gravel layer 18 and the pit accommodating the valve well 7 are both inverted right-angled trapezoids, and the space above the gravel layer 18 of the pit accommodating the valve well 7 is filled with earth.

[0046] The crushed stone layer 18 has good vibration reduction properties, and the pit with a vertical cross-section shape of an inverted right-angled trapezoid has a slope for crushed stones to fall, which facilitates the paving of crushed stones. The crushed stone layer 18 of the above structure has a large top area to ensure that all parts of the bottom of the valve well 7 can be pressed on the crushed stone layer 18, thereby achieving good vibration reduction effects.

[0047] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, in this embodiment, the partition wall of the shaft wall 1 and the special-shaped grille 2 has a construction groove 17 that is concave in the horizontal direction, and the edge of the waterproof bottom plate 10 in each compartment is embedded in the construction groove 17. The meshing cooperation between the construction groove 17 and the waterproof bottom plate 10 can improve the connection reliability and waterproofness of the two.

[0048] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, in this embodiment, the shaft wall 1 and the partition wall are divided into several sections from bottom to top, and the shaft wall 1 and the partition wall of different sections are cast in different time periods, and steel plate waterstops for sealing horizontal construction joints are provided between the shaft walls 1 of different sections and between the partition walls of different sections. The wall thickness of the section with the lowest position height in the shaft wall 1 of different sections is the largest, and the wall thickness of the section with the lowest position height in the partition walls of different sections is the largest.

[0049] When the height of the shaft wall 1 is too high to construct a scaffold, a portion of the shaft wall 1 can be sunk first and then the remaining sections can be constructed. At the same time, because the reinforced concrete structure needs to dry and solidify before it can bear a large weight, construction in time periods and sections can ensure that the structural strength is optimized.

[0050] The steel plate waterstop can seal the horizontal construction joints of the shaft wall 1 and the partition wall, thereby improving the waterproof performance of the shaft wall 1 and the partition wall.

[0051] The reason why the wall thickness of the section with the lowest height is the largest is that the wall of the section with the lowest height needs to bear a greater weight, so setting the wall thickness larger can improve the strength of the foundation and the stability and reliability of the overall structure.

[0052] The method for digging and caissoning a vertical shaft with a special-shaped grid provided in an embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps: Step A, excavating a foundation pit in a predetermined construction area, wherein the depth of the foundation pit is greater than the thickness of the plain concrete cushion layer 5 of the vertical shaft with the special-shaped grid provided by any technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention; A plain concrete cushion layer 5 is constructed in the foundation pit, and a barrel brick mold 12 and a grid brick mold are constructed on the plain concrete cushion layer 5, and a steel corner guard 6 is placed; Step B, constructing the lower section of the shaft wall 1 and the lower section of the partition wall on the plain concrete cushion 5, the barrel brick mold 12, the grid brick mold and the steel corner guard 6; Step C, chiseling away the plain concrete cushion layer 5, the barrel brick formwork 12 and the grille brick formwork, so that the cushion layer pressure surface 3 directly contacts the soil below, and the bottom of the shaft wall 1 and the partition wall form a blade foot; excavating the soil below the cellar, and excavating a pot-bottom-shaped pit on the soil, until the lower section of the shaft wall 1 and the lower section of the partition wall sink to the target depth position of the shaft with the special-shaped grille under the action of gravity; Step D: construct a sealing bottom layer 8 and a waterproof bottom plate 10 in the cell from bottom to top, construct the upper section of the shaft wall 1 and the upper section of the partition wall on the lower section of the shaft wall 1 and the lower section of the partition wall, and construct a valve well 7; construct a drainage weight layer 9, and install the upper cover plate 11.

[0053] The present invention first constructs a plain concrete cushion layer 5, a barrel brick formwork 12, a grille brick formwork and places a steel corner guard 6, then constructs the lower section of the shaft wall 1 and the lower section of the partition wall, then chisels out the plain concrete cushion layer 5, the barrel brick formwork 12 and the grille brick formwork, and then excavates the soil in the cell, so that the lower section of the shaft wall 1 and the lower section of the partition wall sink to the target depth position under the action of gravity, and then constructs a sealing layer 8, a waterproof bottom plate 10, an upper section of the shaft wall 1, an upper section of the partition wall, a valve well 7 and a drainage counterweight layer 9, and finally installs an upper cover plate 11. This construction method utilizes the lower section of the shaft wall 1 and the lower section of the partition wall as a water retaining wall, greatly reduces the amount of mud and water that penetrates into the cell, and also avoids landslides in the surrounding soil, thereby improving construction efficiency and construction safety and reducing construction costs. On the other hand, during the construction of the shaft wall 1 and the partition wall, the height of the part thereof protruding from the ground is relatively low, which facilitates the erection of the scaffolding and reduces the difficulty of construction.

[0054] The present invention can also make the lower section of the shaft wall 1 and the lower section of the partition wall sink to a certain height position above the target depth position of the shaft with the special-shaped grid under the action of gravity. After the upper section of the shaft wall 1 and the upper section of the partition wall are built and the valve well 7 is built, they are sunk as a whole to the target depth position of the shaft with the special-shaped grid. Although this method can minimize the seepage of muddy water, on the one hand, it is necessary to arrange two sinking operations, and the scaffolding built last time needs to be removed in the middle, and it is difficult to carry out excavation operations in different compartments simultaneously; on the other hand, the muddy water itself can also be used when constructing the sealing layer 8. If the soil seepage is not serious, it is preferred to construct the upper section of the shaft wall 1 and the upper section of the partition wall after the lower section of the shaft wall 1 and the lower section of the partition wall sink to the target depth position of the shaft with the special-shaped grid under the action of gravity.

[0055] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the present embodiment further includes step L before step B: step L is to detect the bearing capacity of the soil at the bottom of the foundation pit, if the bearing capacity is greater than 130 kPa, directly build a plain concrete cushion layer 5 on the soil at the bottom of the foundation pit, if the bearing capacity of the soil at the bottom of the foundation pit is less than 130 kPa, first build a sand cushion layer 21 with a bearing capacity greater than 130 kPa and then build a plain concrete cushion layer 5 on the sand cushion layer 21; In step C, when the shaft wall 1 and the partition wall sink to a depth of 1 to 3 meters from the target depth position of the shaft with the special-shaped grid, the speed of soil excavation is reduced, and after the shaft wall 1 and the partition wall sink to the target depth position of the shaft with the special-shaped grid, continuous observation is performed for 6 to 10 hours. If the observation shows that the sinking amount is less than 10 mm, step D is implemented; The above method can ensure the sinking accuracy of the vertical shaft with special-shaped grids of the present invention. Once it is found that the sinking amount of some blade feet is too large during the sinking process, the excavation speed of the compartment adjacent to the blade foot can be reduced. Conversely, if it is found that the sinking amount of some blade feet is too small, the excavation speed of the compartment adjacent to the blade foot can be increased to correct the deviation.

[0056] The method for digging and caissoning a vertical shaft with a special-shaped grid further comprises the following steps: Step I: Build an above-ground building based on the vertical shaft with special-shaped grids, the above-ground building includes frame columns 19, horizontal support beams connected between the frame columns 19, and parapets arranged on the frame columns 19, ensuring that the vertical projections of the frame columns 19 and the parapets fall on the vertical shaft wall 1.

[0057] The construction method of the above-ground building can ensure that the gravity of the main load-bearing wall in the frame column 19 falls on the part with the greatest structural strength of the shaft with the special-shaped grid, thereby improving the structural strength and service life of the entire building. The specific purpose and structure of the above-ground building can be designed as needed.

[0058] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, in the process of excavating a pot-bottom-shaped pit in the soil in step C of this embodiment, it is necessary to synchronously observe the sinking amount of each inflection point of the shaft wall 1, and perform position correction by controlling the excavation speed to ensure that the sinking amount of each inflection point is consistent.

[0059] This sinking method can ensure that the structure of the vertical shaft with the special-shaped grid of the present invention will not be damaged due to the lateral pressure of the soil after sinking.

[0060] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the method for excavating and caissoning a vertical shaft with a special-shaped grid in this embodiment also includes the following steps: Step E: while chiseling away the plain concrete cushion layer, filling sand between the plain concrete cushion layer and the soil below to backfill the holes created after the plain concrete cushion layer is chiseled away; this method can ensure that the supporting force at various locations of the vertical shaft with the special-shaped grid is uniform, thereby facilitating smooth sinking.

[0061] Step F: If the soil at the blade foot cannot collapse to the center of the pot-shaped pit formed by the excavation during the excavation process, use a water jet pipe to spray water to the soil at the blade foot to cause the soil to collapse and increase the sinking speed. The water sprayed to the soil at the blade foot can not only collapse the soil, but also lubricate the blade foot. At the same time, the water spraying method can be operated at a long distance, and the construction safety is high.

[0062] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, in step C of this embodiment, if the water level in a certain compartment is higher than a preset water level, a water pump is used to pump out excess water; The method for digging and caissoning a vertical shaft with a special-shaped grid further comprises the following steps: Step G, digging a number of precipitation wells on the outside of the shaft wall at a distance of 2 meters to 5 meters from the shaft wall, with the interval between adjacent precipitation wells being 4 meters to 6 meters, the diameter of the precipitation well being 0.3 meters to 0.6 meters, the depth being 16 meters to 20 meters, and each precipitation well being equipped with a water pump; Step H: The water pump continuously draws water from the precipitation well and discharges the water into a nearby river or lake.

[0063] The dewatering well can further reduce the water level outside the shaft wall, thereby requiring lower power for the water pump, eliminating the need for expensive water pumps, and helping to reduce costs. At the same time, the dewatering well can minimize the amount of water that infiltrates the shaft wall. If too much mud and water infiltrate the shaft wall, a water pump can be used to pump out the excess water to ensure the smooth progress of the project. Even if it is impossible to completely avoid excessive mud and water infiltration in some special occasions, the amount of mud and water that needs to be pumped out in the present invention has been greatly reduced compared to the prior art, and the present invention reduces the negative impact of mud and water on the progress of the project to the lowest possible level.

[0064] The above technical solutions are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A vertical shaft with a special-shaped grille, characterized in that: It includes the shaft wall, special-shaped grille, the matching surface of the barrel brick mold, the matching surface of the grille brick mold and the steel corner protection installation part, of which: The shaft walls and special-shaped grilles are all reinforced concrete structures with waterproof properties; The special-shaped grille is composed of several partition walls fixedly installed inside the shaft wall; The matching surface of the barrel brick mold is an inclined surface set on the inner side of the bottom of the shaft wall, and the matching surface of the grille brick mold is an inclined surface set at the edges of both sides of the partition wall; the shaft with the special-shaped grille has an above-ground state and an underground state. When the shaft with the special-shaped grille is in the above-ground state, the matching surface of the barrel brick mold abuts against the barrel brick mold, and the matching surface of the grille brick mold abuts against the grille brick mold; The steel corner guard installation portion accommodates the steel corner guard that wraps the outer right-angle corners of the shaft wall. The cross-section of the steel corner guard is a "∟"-shaped steel material. The vertical outer wall of the steel corner guard is flush with the outer wall surface of the shaft wall, and the horizontal outer wall of the steel corner guard is flush with the bottom surface of the shaft wall. The barrel brick mold and the grille brick mold are each made of gray sand bricks and cement mortar. By chiseling away the barrel brick mold and the grille brick mold, the bottom of the shaft wall and the partition wall can form a blade foot.

2. The vertical shaft with special-shaped grille according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the vertical part and the inner wall of the horizontal part of the steel corner guard are both welded and connected to the steel bars in the shaft wall through two staggered steel connecting bars.

3. The vertical shaft with special-shaped grille according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical surface of the barrel brick mold is flush with the inner wall of the shaft wall, and the vertical surface of the grille brick mold is flush with the side wall of the partition wall; the cement mortar in the barrel brick mold and the grille brick mold is located between the lime sand bricks and in the gap between the lime sand bricks and the matching surface of the barrel brick mold or the matching surface of the grille brick mold.

4. The vertical shaft with special-shaped grille according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mass ratio of cement to sand in cement mortar is 1 / 5-1 / 3, and the mass ratio of water to cement is 0.6-0.

7.

5. The vertical shaft with special-shaped grille according to claim 1, characterized in that: Sand-lime bricks are stacked in a staggered arrangement vertically.

6. The vertical shaft with special-shaped grille according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical shaft with the special-shaped grille also includes a valve well, the vertical section of the valve well is U-shaped, the well wall of the valve well is connected to the well wall of the vertical shaft, and the valve well is connected to the compartment grid through a pre-buried waterproof casing; A gravel layer is laid under the valve well. When the vertical shaft with the special-shaped grid is in an underground state, the bottom of the valve well is in contact with the gravel layer. The vertical cross-sectional shapes of the gravel layer and the pit accommodating the valve well are both inverted right-angled trapezoids. The space above the gravel layer of the pit accommodating the valve well is filled with earth.

7. The vertical shaft with special-shaped grille according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the shaft with the special-shaped grid is above ground, the bottom surfaces of the shaft wall and the partition wall form cushion pressure surfaces against the plain concrete cushion on the soil, and the plain concrete cushion is made of plain concrete; the plain concrete contains cement, sand, gravel and water but does not contain steel bars.

8. The vertical shaft with special-shaped grille according to claim 7, characterized in that: The vertical shaft with the special-shaped grid also includes a sealing layer, a drainage weight layer, a plurality of waterproof bottom plates and a plurality of cover plates, wherein: The special-shaped grille divides the internal space of the shaft wall into several compartments in the horizontal direction, and the compartments are covered with covers; different waterproof bottom plates are arranged in different compartments; the sealing layer is between the waterproof bottom plate and the soil; the drainage counterweight layer is located above the waterproof bottom plate and the drainage counterweight layer has a slope; the shaft wall and the partition wall of the special-shaped grille have construction grooves that are concave in the horizontal direction, and the edges of the waterproof bottom plate in each compartment are embedded in the construction grooves.

9. A method for digging and caissoning a vertical shaft with a special-shaped grid according to claim 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step A, excavating a foundation pit, constructing a plain concrete cushion layer in the foundation pit, constructing a barrel brick mold, a grid brick mold and placing a steel corner guard on the plain concrete cushion layer; Step B, constructing the lower section of the shaft wall and the lower section of the partition wall on the plain concrete cushion layer, the barrel brick formwork, the grid brick formwork and the steel corner guard; Step C, chiseling away the plain concrete cushion layer, the barrel brick formwork and the grille brick formwork, so that the cushion layer pressure surface directly contacts the soil below, and the shaft wall and the bottom of the partition wall form a blade foot; excavating the soil below the cell, and excavating a pot-bottom-shaped pit on the soil, until the lower section of the shaft wall and the lower section of the partition wall sink to the target depth position of the shaft with the special-shaped grille under the action of gravity; Step D: construct the sealing bottom layer and the waterproof bottom plate in the cell from bottom to top, construct the upper section of the shaft wall and the upper section of the partition wall on the lower section of the shaft wall and the lower section of the partition wall, construct the valve well and the drainage weight layer, and install the cover plate.

10. The method for digging and caissoning a vertical shaft with a special-shaped grid according to claim 9, characterized in that: The method for digging and caissoning a vertical shaft with a special-shaped grid further comprises the following steps: Step E: While removing the plain concrete cushion layer, fill the gap between the plain concrete cushion layer and the soil below with sand to backfill the cavity created by removing the plain concrete cushion layer; Step F: If the soil at the blade foot cannot collapse to the center of the pot-shaped pit formed by the excavation during the excavation process, use a water jet pipe to spray water to the soil at the blade foot to cause the soil to collapse and increase the sinking speed; Step G, digging a number of precipitation wells outside the shaft wall, with intervals between adjacent precipitation wells, and each precipitation well is equipped with a water pump; Step H: The water pump continuously draws water from the precipitation well and discharges the water into a nearby river or lake.

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