Sowing and seedling raising method for Shaniodendron subaequalis

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of plant seedling raising, and particularly relates to a Shaniodendron subaequalis sowing and seedling raising method which specifically comprises the following steps: collecting seeds from the middle ten days of September to the first ten days of October; removing impurities from the seeds, and drying in the shade until the water content of the seeds is 8-10%; by dynamically controlling the humidity, the seeds are subjected to sand storage for winter by adopting a sand-seed-sand lamination method, and the seeds are turned over and disinfected for many times during sand storage; sowing the seeds when the germination rate of the seeds in the next year reaches 20%-30%, and covering the seeds with fine soil and hay; hay is gradually removed when 20%-30% of seedling cotyledons are unfolded, and conventional seedling management is carried out. The emergence rate of the Shaniodendron subaequalis cultivated through the method can reach 80%-85%, the survival rate of seedlings can reach 95%-98%, the seedlings are robust and high in environmental adaptability, meanwhile, the method has the advantages of being easy to operate and master and low in cost, and the method has important practical significance on resource protection, scientific research and development and utilization of Shaniodendron subaequalis species.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of plant seedling cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for sowing and raising seedlings of Hamamelis argyi. Background Art

[0002] Shaniodendron subaequale is a deciduous tree or small tree of the genus Shaniodendron in the family Hamamelidaceae. Shaniodendron subaequale was discovered in the late 1950s. As the oldest species of angiosperms, it is now listed in the list of endangered plants under national key protection, and is a national first-class protected tree species. Shaniodendron subaequale has a capitulate inflorescence, ovate or broadly ovate bracts, a shallow cup-shaped calyx tube, wavy and blunt teeth on the edges, no petals, 5-15 stamens, and slender filaments that droop like threads, hence the name "silver thread". The fruit is a capsule, and the seeds are spindle-shaped, the size of rice grains, about 3-4mm long, pointed at both ends, brown and shiny, and the hilum is light yellow. The wild population of Shaniodendron subaequale is distributed in the Dabie Mountain area in Anhui, Zhejiang, Henan, Chongqing, the Huangshan Mountain area north of Tianmu Mountain, and the Yili Mountain area in southern Jiangsu.

[0003] Due to the narrow distribution area of ​​​​Witch Hazel, there are very few existing plants, and it blooms only once every few years, causing the Witch Hazel to be on the verge of extinction. Therefore, artificial breeding technology is urgently needed to improve the germination rate and emergence rate of Witch Hazel seeds to strengthen the protection of Witch Hazel germplasm resources. There are few methods for improving the emergence rate and survival rate of seedlings of Witch Hazel in the prior art. It is reported that gibberellin can be used to break the endogenous dormancy of Witch Hazel seeds, but artificially breaking the endogenous dormancy of seeds may affect the survival rate of seedlings. In addition, the problems of inaccurate grasp of the maturity of the collected seeds, easy mildew of seeds during low-temperature storage, and low success rate of seedling cultivation in traditional sowing and seedling cultivation of Witch Hazel also need to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for sowing and raising seedlings of Hamamelis argentea. The emergence rate of Hamamelis argentea cultivated by the method provided by the present invention can reach 80% to 85%, the survival rate of seedlings can reach 95% to 98%, and the seedlings are strong and have strong adaptability to environmental growth.

[0005] The invention provides a method for sowing and raising seedlings of Hamamelis chinensis, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Seed collection: Choose to complete the collection of silver hazel seeds from mid-September to early October each year;

[0007] Seed treatment: remove impurities and dry in the shade until the moisture content of the seeds is 8% to 10%;

[0008] Seed storage: Use the "sand-seed-sand" stratification method to store the disinfected seeds in the sand for the winter; control the relative humidity of the sand storage at 15%-20% in the first month, 21%-25% in the second month to the beginning of the third month, and 30%-50% in the later stage of sand storage; turn the seeds over and disinfect during the sand storage period;

[0009] Sowing: When the germination rate of seeds reaches 20% to 30% in the next year, sow the seeds on the seedbed and then cover them with fine soil and hay in turn;

[0010] Seedling management: When the cotyledons of 20% to 30% of the seedlings have unfolded, remove the hay one by one and carry out seedling management.

[0011] Furthermore, the seed collection time is early October every year.

[0012] Further, the lamination method is:

[0013] Spread the sterilized seeds flat on 5-8 cm thick sterilized river sand, and then cover with 3-4 cm thick sterilized river sand.

[0014] Furthermore, the seed storage replanting and disinfection method is as follows:

[0015] The seeds stored in the sand are taken out, the river sand on the surface of the seeds is removed, and the seeds are disinfected by soaking the seeds in a 0.3 g / L to 0.5 g / L potassium permanganate solution for 30 to 40 minutes, and the disinfected seeds are stored in the sand again according to the stratification method.

[0016] Furthermore, during the storage period of the seeds, the seeds are turned over and disinfected once a month.

[0017] Furthermore, the sand storage temperature is 6-10°C.

[0018] Furthermore, the relative humidity of the river sand is controlled at 20% in the first month, and the relative humidity of the river sand is controlled at 25% from the second month to the beginning of the third month.

[0019] Furthermore, the seedbed is a seedbed in which 140-160 kg of cake fertilizer, 8-12 kg of plant iron supplement and 2-3 kg of organophosphorus insecticide are applied per mu.

[0020] Preferably, the seedbed is a seedbed applied with 150 kg of cake fertilizer, 10 kg of plant iron supplement and 3 kg of organophosphorus insecticide per mu.

[0021] Furthermore, the cake fertilizer is decomposed rapeseed cake, bean cake, sesame cake, peanut cake or cottonseed cake.

[0022] Furthermore, the plant iron supplement is preferably ferrous sulfate, and the organophosphorus insecticide is preferably crystalline trichlorfon.

[0023] Furthermore, the seedling management also includes: spraying fungicides after weeding is completed, applying nitrogen fertilizer during the rapid growth period of seedlings, and spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate in late September.

[0024] Furthermore, the fungicide is preferably carbendazim, the nitrogen fertilizer is preferably urea foliar fertilizer, and the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is preferably potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0025] In summary, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects:

[0026] (1) The present invention provides a method for sowing and raising seedlings of Hamamelis argentea, comprising seed collection, seed treatment, seed storage, seedbed preparation, sowing, and seedling management. Through the sowing and raising seedling method provided by the present invention, the germination rate of Hamamelis argentea seeds can be increased to 80% to 85%, the survival rate of seedlings can reach 95% to 98%, and the Hamamelis argentea seedlings grow strong and have strong vitality. The method of the present invention has the characteristics of simple operation, easy mastery, and low cost. Hamamelis argentea is extremely rare to bloom, and it blooms about once every 2 to 5 years. The seed source of Hamamelis argentea, a rare and endangered plant, is very precious. The present invention has important practical significance for the resource protection, scientific research, and development and utilization of Hamamelis argentea species.

[0027] (2) In the method of the present invention, the seed collection time is from mid-September to early October. During this period, the fruit has turned yellow, the outer seed coat of the fruit has partially cracked, the seeds are dark brown, the size of rice grains, the seeds are highly mature, contain rich nutrients, and are of good quality, making them suitable for collection for breeding. When the seed collection time is too early, the seeds collected are less plump, the seeds are not fully mature, the germination rate and the seedling survival rate are low, and rare seed sources will be wasted. If the seed collection time is later than the seed collection time disclosed in the present invention, the fruit of the witch hazel will mature and crack, and the seeds will automatically fall out and scatter on the ground, be eaten by animals or blown away by the wind, and it will be impossible to collect enough seeds. At the same time, in the later stage of seed maturity, the seeds will be empty and the seed quality will also decline.

[0028] (3) The method of the present invention adopts dynamic humidity treatment, which can ensure the germination rate of Hamamelis chinensis seeds and safely overwinter. The reasons are as follows: first, the low-temperature layered sand storage method is adopted in the early stage. The low temperature and low humidity environment can temporarily force the seeds into a forced dormant state to maintain their weak life activities, and the "sand-seed-sand" layered sand storage method is adopted to avoid the lack of ventilation during seed storage and cause CO 2 Poisoning and mildew. The disinfected river sand has a certain water content and oxygen content, which is the key to maintaining the life activity of seeds and the permeability of seed coats. If the temperature and humidity are high, the activity of microorganisms will increase, leading to mildew. Therefore, repeated disinfection and stacking treatment are adopted in this method to prevent mildew. Second, the increase in humidity in the later stage is conducive to germination.

[0029] (4) Adequate nutrient supply is the key to ensuring strong seedlings. The method of the present invention can effectively improve the seed germination rate of Hamamelis chinensis, the survival rate of seedlings and the number of strong seedlings by applying sufficient base fertilizer to the seedbed during the sowing and seedling raising process, covering the seeds with fine soil and hay after sowing, and sterilizing the seedlings, etc., and combining with the cooperation of topdressing in the later stage. This is mainly because, firstly, during the sowing and cultivation stage, sufficient nutrient supply and healthy soil can provide a good environment for the germination and growth of seedlings, and it is not easy to cause pests and diseases and root poisoning. The decomposed cake fertilizer has a high content of quick-acting nutrients, which is conducive to the absorption of Hamamelis chinensis. Secondly, covering with fine soil can fill the soil gap between the seeds and the sowing hole, so that the seeds are in close contact with the soil, which is conducive to the water absorption and root growth of the Hamamelis chinensis seeds. Covering with hay and removing the hay in time are not only conducive to ensuring the temperature during the germination of seeds, and the emergence of seedlings is neat, but also conducive to eliminating the adverse effects of grass on seedling bending and shading. Third, if the temperature and humidity are high during the grass covering period, it may cause the breeding of pathogens, and fungicides should be sprayed in time to eliminate hidden dangers; during the entire rapid growth period of seedlings, since seedlings require a large amount of nutrients for growth, nitrogen fertilizers should be applied multiple times during this period, and in the later stage of seedling growth, it is necessary to promote seedling lignification, reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizers and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, promote root growth, and prepare for leaf shedding for winter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, all reagents used are commercially available and all methods used are conventional techniques in the art.

[0032] The Hamamelis argentea seeds in the embodiment of the present invention are taken from the Hamamelis argentea mother trees in the Tianma National Nature Reserve in Jinzhai, Anhui Province.

[0033] The first-class protected tree species of Hamamelis argentea is on the verge of extinction due to its small distribution area, very few existing plants, and it blooms only once every few years. Therefore, it is urgently needed to provide protection measures for the artificial propagation of Hamamelis argentea. At present, there are few reports on the sowing and seedling raising of Hamamelis argentea. The current problems in the sowing and seedling raising of Hamamelis argentea are that the seeds are prone to mildew during low-temperature storage, the maturity of the seeds to be collected is not accurately determined, and the success rate of seedling raising is low, which need to be solved urgently.

[0034] The invention provides a method for sowing and raising seedlings of Hamamelis argentea, which specifically includes firstly completing the harvesting of Hamamelis argentea seeds from mid-September to early October each year, then removing impurities from the harvested seeds, drying in the shade until the moisture content of the seeds is 8% to 10%, then dynamically controlling the humidity, adopting the "sand-seed-sand" stratification method to store the seeds in sand for winter, repeatedly turning over and disinfecting during the sand storage period, and when the seed germination rate reaches 20% to 30% in the next year, sowing the seeds on the seedbed, and then covering them with fine soil and hay in sequence, and finally gradually removing the hay during the period when the cotyledons of 20% to 30% of the seedlings are unfolded, and performing conventional seedling management. The emergence rate of Hamamelis argentea cultivated by the method provided by the invention can reach 80% to 85%, the survival rate of the seedlings can reach 95% to 98%, the seedlings are strong, and the growth adaptability is strong.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] A method for sowing and raising seedlings of Hamamelis argyi, comprising the following specific steps:

[0037] S1. Seed Collection

[0038] Pick the witch hazel berries in early October.

[0039] S2. Seed treatment

[0040] The picked fruits are placed outdoors under weak light and turned over while drying until all the fruits are cracked and the seeds fall out of the fruits. The seed shells and impurities are removed manually, and the seeds are put into cloth bags and hung indoors to dry in the shade until the moisture content of the seeds is 9%, so as to remove moisture from the surface and inside of the seeds.

[0041] S3. Seed storage

[0042] The seeds that have been cleaned of impurities and dried in the shade are stored in sand in early January of the following year at a temperature of 8°C.

[0043] (1) River sand treatment: Disinfect the filtered river sand with 1g / L potassium permanganate solution.

[0044] (2) Seed treatment: Soak the seeds in 0.5 g / L potassium permanganate solution for 0.5 h.

[0045] (3) Seed burial: Spread river sand evenly on the ground with a thickness of 6 cm, then spread a layer of seeds on the river sand, and then cover it with a thickness of 4 cm. The relative humidity of the river sand is controlled at 20% in the first month of storage, 25% in the second month to the beginning of the third month, and 40% in the later stage of storage. Observe frequently to prevent the seeds from drying out and mildewing.

[0046] (4) Turning the seeds over: Turn the seeds over once a month to release carbon dioxide and other gases produced by the seeds’ respiration. Use a rice sieve to remove river sand from the surface of the seeds. Disinfect the seeds with 0.5g / L potassium permanganate and store them in sand again.

[0047] S4. Seeding

[0048] Choose a nursery with flat terrain, good drainage, and sandy loam with a pH value of 6.1. Start land preparation in mid-February, plow and harrow at least twice to break up the soil and level the nursery. Open a good ditch system to ensure smooth drainage and irrigation. Apply 150kg of decomposed cake fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer, and apply 10kg of ferrous sulfate and 3kg of 90% crystal trichlorfon for soil disinfection and killing soil pests. The bed is made in a north-south direction, which is conducive to the growth and lighting of silver hazel. The bed is 25cm high and 1.2m wide, with the middle slightly higher than the two sides for easy drainage. Because the seeds of silver hazel are small, the bed surface must be flat.

[0049] When sowing, first spray water on the bed to moisten it, and evenly spread the seeds with a germination rate of 25% on the bed. Because the seeds of silver hazel are few, they need to be evenly covered with finely crushed yellow heart soil with a thickness of 2mm, and then covered with 5mm thick hay to keep warm and moisturize, so as to facilitate the growth of seedlings. Then spray water to keep the bed moist and make the grass lie on the bed to prevent it from being blown away by the wind. The grass surface is compacted with branches. Fences are set around the seedling field to prevent damage by people and animals. Use together.

[0050] S5. Seedling Management

[0051] 7 days after sowing, start to remove the grass to check the emergence of seedlings. When the cotyledons of 20% of the seedlings unfold, remove the first batch of grass, and remove it in 3 batches. The grass removal should be done on cloudy days to prevent the seedlings from being exposed to the sun on sunny days. The seeds take root before removing the grass, so as to ensure the emergence rate and increase the seedling yield. All the grass should be removed within 20 days, and the grass should not be removed too late, otherwise tall seedlings will be formed. After removing the grass, it is necessary to weed once. After removing the grass six times during the entire seedling period, the seedlings will basically be closed in September. During the entire growing period, attention should be paid to clearing ditches and draining water to prevent the seedlings from being waterlogged. Water or flood irrigation should be carried out in time during drought.

[0052] In the late stage of weeding, spray carbendazim once to prevent sudden wilting of seedlings. In the rapid growth period of seedlings, spray 0.3% urea foliar fertilizer once every half month, and spray 3.0% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 3 times starting from late September every year to promote the growth of seedling root system and early lignification of seedlings. Topdressing should be based on the principle of "less application, more times", try not to affect the growth of seedlings, and spray pesticides if pests appear.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] A method for sowing and raising seedlings of Hamamelis argyi, comprising the following specific steps:

[0055] S1. Seed Collection

[0056] Pick witch hazel berries in mid-September.

[0057] S2. Seed treatment

[0058] Place the harvested fruits outdoors in low light and turn them over while drying until all the fruits are cracked and the seeds fall out. Remove the seed shells and impurities manually, put the seeds into cloth bags, and hang them in the shade to dry indoors until the moisture content is 8%, so as to remove moisture from the surface and inside of the seeds.

[0059] S3. Seed storage

[0060] The seeds that have been cleaned of impurities and dried in the shade are stored in sand in early January of the following year at a temperature of 6°C.

[0061] (1) River sand treatment: Disinfect the filtered river sand with 1g / L potassium permanganate solution.

[0062] (2) Seed treatment: Soak the seeds in 0.5 g / L potassium permanganate solution for 0.5 h.

[0063] (3) Seed burial: Spread river sand evenly on the ground with a thickness of 8 cm, then spread a layer of seeds on the river sand, and then cover it with a thickness of 4 cm. The relative humidity of the river sand is controlled at 15% in the first month of storage, 21% in the second month to the beginning of the third month, and 30% in the later stage of storage. Observe frequently to prevent the seeds from drying out and mildewing.

[0064] (4) Turning the seeds over: Turn the seeds over once a month to release carbon dioxide and other gases produced by the seeds’ respiration. Use a rice sieve to remove river sand from the surface of the seeds. Disinfect the seeds with 0.5g / L potassium permanganate and store them in sand again.

[0065] S4. Seeding

[0066] Choose a nursery with flat terrain, good drainage, and sandy loam with a pH value of 6.0. Start land preparation in mid-February, plow and harrow at least twice to break up the soil and level the nursery. Open a good ditch system to ensure smooth drainage and irrigation. Apply 150kg of decomposed cake fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer, and apply 10kg of ferrous sulfate and 3kg of 90% crystal trichlorfon for soil disinfection and killing soil pests. The bed is made in a north-south direction, which is conducive to the growth and lighting of silver hazel. The bed is 25cm high and 1.2m wide, with the middle slightly higher than the two sides for easy drainage. Because the seeds of silver hazel are small, the bed surface must be flat.

[0067] When sowing, first spray water on the bed to moisten it, and evenly spread the seeds with a 20% germination rate on the bed. Because the seeds of silver hazel are few, they need to be evenly covered with finely crushed yellow heart soil with a thickness of 2mm, and then covered with 6mm thick hay to keep warm and moisturize, so as to facilitate the growth of seedlings. Then spray water to keep the bed moist and make the grass lie on the bed to prevent it from being blown away by the wind. The grass surface is compacted with branches. Fences are set around the seedling field to prevent damage by people and animals. Use together.

[0068] S5. Seedling Management

[0069] 7 days after sowing, start to remove the weeds to check the emergence of seedlings. When the cotyledons of 25% of the seedlings unfold, remove the first batch of weeds. Remove the weeds in 2 batches. Remove the weeds on a cloudy day to prevent the seedlings from being exposed to the sun on sunny days. After removing the weeds, weeding is required. After weeding six times during the entire seedling period, the seedlings will basically be closed in September. During the entire growing period, pay attention to clearing ditches and draining water to prevent the seedlings from being waterlogged. Water or flood irrigation in time during drought.

[0070] In the late stage of weeding, spray carbendazim once to prevent sudden wilting of seedlings. In the rapid growth period of seedlings, spray 0.3% urea foliar fertilizer once every half month, and spray 3.0% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 3 times starting from late September every year to promote the growth of seedling root system and early lignification of seedlings. Topdressing should be based on the principle of "less application, more times", try not to affect the growth of seedlings, and spray pesticides if pests appear.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] A method for sowing and raising seedlings of Hamamelis argyi, comprising the following specific steps:

[0073] S1. Seed Collection

[0074] Pick witch hazel berries in late September.

[0075] S2. Seed treatment

[0076] Place the harvested fruits outdoors in low light and turn them over while drying until all the fruits are cracked and the seeds fall out. Remove the seed shells and impurities manually, put the seeds into cloth bags, and hang them in the shade to dry indoors until the moisture content is 10%, so as to remove moisture from the surface and inside of the seeds.

[0077] S3. Seed storage

[0078] The seeds that have been cleaned of impurities and dried in the shade are stored in sand at the beginning of January of the following year at a temperature of 10°C.

[0079] (1) River sand treatment: Disinfect the filtered river sand with 1g / L potassium permanganate solution.

[0080] (2) Seed treatment: Soak the seeds in 0.5 g / L potassium permanganate solution for 0.5 h.

[0081] (3) Seed burial: Spread river sand evenly on the ground with a thickness of 5 cm, then spread a layer of seeds on the river sand, and then cover it with a thickness of 3 cm. The relative humidity of the river sand should be controlled at 20% in the first month of storage, 25% in the second month to the beginning of the third month, and 50% in the later stage of storage. Observe frequently to prevent the seeds from drying out and mildewing.

[0082] (4) Turning the seeds over: Turn the seeds over once a month to release carbon dioxide and other gases produced by the seeds’ respiration. Use a rice sieve to remove river sand from the surface of the seeds. Disinfect the seeds with 0.5g / L potassium permanganate and store them in sand again.

[0083] S4. Seeding

[0084] Choose a nursery with flat terrain, good drainage, and sandy loam with a pH value of 6.1. Start land preparation in mid-February, plow and harrow at least twice to break up the soil and level the nursery. Open a good ditch system to ensure smooth drainage and irrigation. Apply 150kg of decomposed cake fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer, and apply 10kg of ferrous sulfate and 3kg of 90% crystal trichlorfon for soil disinfection and killing soil pests. The bed is made in a north-south direction, which is conducive to the growth and lighting of silver hazel. The bed is 25cm high and 1.2m wide, with the middle slightly higher than the two sides for easy drainage. Because the seeds of silver hazel are small, the bed surface must be flat.

[0085] When sowing, first spray water on the bed to moisten it, and evenly spread the seeds with a 30% germination rate on the bed. Because the seeds of silver hazel are few, they need to be evenly covered with finely crushed yellow heart soil with a thickness of 3mm, and then covered with 5mm thick hay to keep warm and moisturize, so as to facilitate the growth of seedlings. Then spray water to keep the bed moist and make the grass lie on the bed to prevent it from being blown away by the wind. The grass surface is compacted with branches. Fences are set around the seedling field to prevent damage by people and animals. Use together.

[0086] S5. Seedling Management

[0087] 7 days after sowing, start to remove the weeds to check the emergence of seedlings. When the cotyledons of 25% of the seedlings unfold, remove the first batch of weeds, and remove them in 3 batches. Weeding should be done on cloudy days to prevent the seedlings from being exposed to the sun on sunny days. After removing the weeds, weeding should be carried out once. After weeding six times during the entire seedling period, the seedlings will basically be closed in September. During the entire growing period, attention should be paid to clearing ditches and draining water to prevent the seedlings from being waterlogged. Water or flood irrigation should be carried out in time during drought.

[0088] In the late stage of weeding, spray carbendazim once to prevent sudden wilting of seedlings. In the rapid growth period of seedlings, spray 0.3% urea foliar fertilizer once every half month, and spray 3.0% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 3 times starting from late September every year to promote the growth of seedling root system and early lignification of seedlings. Topdressing should be based on the principle of "less application, more times", try not to affect the growth of seedlings, and spray pesticides if pests appear.

[0089] Comparative Example 1

[0090] A method for sowing and raising seedlings of Hamamelis argyi, comprising the following specific steps:

[0091] S1. Seed Collection

[0092] Pick the witch hazel berries in early September.

[0093] S2. Seed treatment

[0094] The picked fruits are placed outdoors under weak light and turned over while drying until all the fruits are cracked and the seeds fall out of the fruits. The seed shells and impurities are removed manually, and the seeds are put into cloth bags and hung indoors to dry in the shade until the moisture content of the seeds is 9%, so as to remove moisture from the surface and inside of the seeds.

[0095] S3. Seed storage

[0096] The seeds that have been cleaned of impurities and dried in the shade are stored in sand in early January of the following year at a temperature of 8°C.

[0097] (1) River sand treatment: Disinfect the filtered river sand with 1g / L potassium permanganate solution.

[0098] (2) Seed treatment: Soak the seeds in 0.5 g / L potassium permanganate solution for 0.5 h.

[0099] (3) Seed burial: Spread river sand evenly on the ground with a thickness of 6 cm, then spread a layer of seeds on the river sand, and then cover it with a thickness of 4 cm. The relative humidity of the river sand is controlled at 18% in the first month of storage, 23% in the second month to the beginning of the third month, and 40% in the later stage of storage. Observe frequently to prevent the seeds from drying out and mildewing.

[0100] (4) Turning the seeds over: Turn the seeds over once a month to release carbon dioxide and other gases produced by the seeds’ respiration. Use a rice sieve to remove river sand from the surface of the seeds. Disinfect the seeds with 0.5g / L potassium permanganate and store them in sand again.

[0101] S4. Seeding

[0102] Choose a nursery with flat terrain, good drainage, and sandy loam with a pH value of 6.0. Start land preparation in mid-February, plow and harrow at least twice to break up the soil and level the nursery. Open a good ditch system to ensure smooth drainage and irrigation. Apply 150kg of decomposed cake fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer, and apply 10kg of ferrous sulfate and 3kg of 90% crystal trichlorfon for soil disinfection and killing soil pests. The bed is made in a north-south direction, which is conducive to the growth and lighting of silver hazel. The bed is 25cm high and 1.2m wide, with the middle slightly higher than the two sides for easy drainage. Because the seeds of silver hazel are small, the bed surface must be flat.

[0103] When sowing, first spray water on the bed to moisten it, and evenly spread the seeds with a germination rate of 25% on the bed. Because the seeds of silver hazel are few, they need to be evenly covered with finely crushed yellow heart soil with a thickness of 2mm, and then covered with 5mm thick hay to keep warm and moisturize, so as to facilitate the growth of seedlings. Then spray water to keep the bed moist and make the grass lie on the bed to prevent it from being blown away by the wind. The grass surface is compacted with branches. Fences are set around the seedling field to prevent damage by people and animals. Use together.

[0104] S5. Seedling Management

[0105] 7 days after sowing, start to remove the grass to check the emergence of seedlings. When the cotyledons of 20% of the seedlings unfold, remove the first batch of grass, and remove it in 3 batches. The grass removal should be done on cloudy days to prevent the seedlings from being exposed to the sun on sunny days. The seeds take root before removing the grass, so as to ensure the emergence rate and increase the seedling yield. All the grass should be removed within 20 days, and the grass should not be removed too late, otherwise tall seedlings will be formed. After removing the grass, it is necessary to weed once. After removing the grass six times during the entire seedling period, the seedlings will basically be closed in September. During the entire growing period, attention should be paid to clearing ditches and draining water to prevent the seedlings from being waterlogged. Water or flood irrigation should be carried out in time during drought.

[0106] In the late stage of weeding, spray carbendazim once to prevent sudden wilting of seedlings. In the rapid growth period of seedlings, spray 0.3% urea foliar fertilizer once every half month, and spray 3.0% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 3 times starting from late September every year to promote the growth of seedling root system and early lignification of seedlings. Topdressing should be based on the principle of "less application, more times", try not to affect the growth of seedlings, and spray pesticides if pests appear.

[0107] Comparative Example 2

[0108] A method for sowing and raising seedlings of Hamamelis argyi, comprising the following specific steps:

[0109] S1. Seed Collection

[0110] Pick the witch hazel berries in early October.

[0111] S2. Seed treatment

[0112] The picked fruits are placed outdoors under weak light and turned over while drying until all the fruits are cracked and the seeds fall out of the fruits. The seed shells and impurities are removed manually, and the seeds are put into cloth bags and hung indoors to dry in the shade until the moisture content of the seeds is 9%, so as to remove moisture from the surface and inside of the seeds.

[0113] S3. Seed storage

[0114] The seeds that have been cleaned of impurities and dried in the shade are stored in sand in early January of the following year at a temperature of 2°C.

[0115] (1) River sand treatment: Disinfect the filtered river sand with 1g / L potassium permanganate solution.

[0116] (2) Seed treatment: Soak the seeds in 0.5 g / L potassium permanganate solution for 0.5 h.

[0117] (3) Burying seeds: Spread river sand evenly on the ground with a thickness of 6 cm, then spread a layer of seeds on the river sand, and then cover with river sand with a thickness of 4 cm. During storage, the relative humidity of the river sand is controlled at 16%.

[0118] (4) Turning the seeds over: Turn the seeds over once a month to release carbon dioxide and other gases produced by the seeds’ respiration. Use a rice sieve to remove river sand from the surface of the seeds. Disinfect the seeds with 0.5g / L potassium permanganate and store them in sand again.

[0119] S4. Seeding

[0120] Choose a nursery with flat terrain, good drainage, and sandy loam with a pH value of 5.8. Start land preparation in mid-February, plow and harrow at least twice to break up the soil and level the nursery. Open a good ditch system to ensure smooth drainage and irrigation. Apply 150kg of decomposed cake fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer, and apply 10kg of ferrous sulfate and 3kg of 90% crystal trichlorfon for soil disinfection and killing soil pests. The bed is made in a north-south direction, which is conducive to the growth and lighting of the silver hazel. The bed is 25cm high and 1.2m wide, with the middle slightly higher than the two sides for easy drainage. Because the silver hazel seeds are small, the bed surface must be flat.

[0121] When sowing, first spray water on the bed to moisten it, and evenly spread the seeds with a 20% germination rate on the bed. Because the seeds of silver hazel are few, they need to be evenly covered with finely crushed yellow heart soil with a thickness of 2mm, and then covered with 5mm thick hay to keep warm and moisturize, so as to facilitate the growth of seedlings. Then spray water to keep the bed moist and make the grass lie on the bed to prevent it from being blown away by the wind. The grass surface is compacted with branches. Fences are set around the seedling field to prevent damage by people and animals. Use together.

[0122] S5. Seedling Management

[0123] 7 days after sowing, start to remove the grass to check the emergence of seedlings. When the cotyledons of 20% of the seedlings unfold, remove the first batch of grass, and remove it in 3 batches. The grass removal should be done on cloudy days to prevent the seedlings from being exposed to the sun on sunny days. The seeds take root before removing the grass, so as to ensure the emergence rate and increase the seedling yield. All the grass should be removed within 20 days, and the grass should not be removed too late, otherwise tall seedlings will be formed. After removing the grass, it is necessary to weed once. After removing the grass six times during the entire seedling period, the seedlings will basically be closed in September. During the entire growing period, attention should be paid to clearing ditches and draining water to prevent the seedlings from being waterlogged. Water or flood irrigation should be carried out in time during drought.

[0124] In the late stage of weeding, spray carbendazim once to prevent sudden wilting of seedlings. In the rapid growth period of seedlings, spray 0.3% urea foliar fertilizer once every half month, and spray 3.0% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 3 times starting from late September every year to promote the growth of seedling root system and early lignification of seedlings. Topdressing should be based on the principle of "less application, more times", try not to affect the growth of seedlings, and spray pesticides if pests appear.

[0125] Comparative Example 3

[0126] A method for sowing and raising seedlings of Hamamelis argyi, comprising the following specific steps:

[0127] S1. Seed Collection

[0128] Pick the witch hazel berries in early October.

[0129] S2. Seed treatment

[0130] The picked fruits are placed outdoors under weak light and turned over while drying until all the fruits are cracked and the seeds fall out of the fruits. The seed shells and impurities are removed manually, and the seeds are put into cloth bags and hung indoors to dry in the shade until the moisture content of the seeds is 9%, so as to remove moisture from the surface and inside of the seeds.

[0131] S3. Seed storage

[0132] The seeds that have been cleaned of impurities and dried in the shade are stored in sand in early January of the following year at a temperature of 2°C.

[0133] (1) River sand treatment: Disinfect the filtered river sand with 1g / L potassium permanganate solution.

[0134] (2) Seed treatment: Soak the seeds in 0.5 g / L potassium permanganate solution for 0.5 h.

[0135] (3) Seed burial: Spread river sand evenly on the ground, spread a layer of river sand with a thickness of 6 cm in step (1), then spread a layer of seeds on the river sand, continue to cycle and lay a layer of river sand and a layer of seeds, stack 3 to 4 layers, and finally cover with river sand with a thickness of 4 cm in step (1). The relative humidity of the river sand is controlled at 18% in the first month of storage, 25% in the second month to the beginning of the third month, and 40% in the later stage of storage.

[0136] S4. Seeding

[0137] Choose a nursery with flat terrain, good drainage, and sandy loam with a pH value of 6.1. Start land preparation in mid-February, plow and harrow at least twice to break up the soil and level the nursery. Open a good ditch system to ensure smooth drainage and irrigation. Apply 150kg of decomposed cake fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer, and apply 10kg of ferrous sulfate and 3kg of 90% crystal trichlorfon for soil disinfection and killing soil pests. The bed is made in a north-south direction, which is conducive to the growth and lighting of silver hazel. The bed is 25cm high and 1.2m wide, with the middle slightly higher than the two sides for easy drainage. Because the seeds of silver hazel are small, the bed surface must be flat.

[0138] When sowing, first spray water on the bed to moisten it, and evenly spread the seeds with a 20% germination rate on the bed. Because the seeds of silver hazel are few, they need to be evenly covered with finely crushed yellow heart soil with a thickness of 2mm, and then covered with 5mm thick hay to keep warm and moisturize, so as to facilitate the growth of seedlings. Then spray water to keep the bed moist and make the grass lie on the bed to prevent it from being blown away by the wind. The grass surface is compacted with branches. Fences are set around the seedling field to prevent damage by people and animals. Use together.

[0139] S5. Seedling Management

[0140] 7 days after sowing, start to remove the grass to check the emergence of seedlings. When the cotyledons of 20% of the seedlings unfold, remove the first batch of grass, and remove it in 2 batches. The grass removal should be done on cloudy days to prevent the seedlings from being exposed to the sun on sunny days. The seeds take root before removing the grass, so as to ensure the emergence rate and increase the seedling yield. All the grass should be removed within 20 days, and the grass should not be removed too late, otherwise tall seedlings will be formed. After removing the grass, it is necessary to weed once. After removing the grass six times during the entire seedling period, the seedlings will basically be closed in September. During the entire growing period, attention should be paid to clearing ditches and draining water to prevent the seedlings from being waterlogged. Water or flood irrigation should be carried out in time during drought.

[0141] In the late stage of weeding, spray carbendazim once to prevent sudden wilting of seedlings. In the rapid growth period of seedlings, spray 0.3% urea foliar fertilizer once every half month, and spray 3.0% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 3 times starting from late September every year to promote the growth of seedling root system and early lignification of seedlings. Topdressing should be based on the principle of "less application, more times", try not to affect the growth of seedlings, and spray pesticides if pests appear.

[0142] In order to further illustrate that the method provided by the present invention can effectively improve the germination rate and emergence rate of Hamamelis argyi seeds, the inventors conducted seedling raising experiments on the seedling raising methods of the above three embodiments and three comparative examples, and detected the effects of different seedling raising methods on seed fullness, thousand-grain weight, emergence rate and seedling survival rate. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0143] Table 1 Effects of different seedling raising methods on the emergence rate and survival rate of Hamamelis chinensis

[0144] Seed fullness (%) Thousand-grain weight of seeds (g) Seedling rate (%) Seedling survival rate (%) Example 1 86 28 85 98 Example 2 63 22 80 95 Example 3 71 23 83 96 Comparative Example 1 58 20 37 77 Comparative Example 2 78 24 73 79 Comparative Example 3 78 24 74 78

[0145] From the results in Table 1, it can be seen that the germination rate and seedling survival rate in Examples 1 to 3 are relatively high. The seed collection time of Example 1 is early October, when the leaves of the silver hazel are red, the fruits are yellow, and some fruits are cracked to reveal seeds. It has been determined that the average fullness of the seeds picked at this time is 86%, and the thousand-grain weight is 28g, indicating that the seeds are highly mature at this time, contain rich nutrients, are healthy, and have strong germination ability. Therefore, the germination rate and seedling survival rate obtained by the sowing and seedling raising method of Example 1 are the highest, which are 85% and 98%, respectively.

[0146] The seed collection time of comparative example 1 is early September, when the leaves of Hamamelis argyi are aged and red, the fruits are yellowish, and the fruits have mature characteristics, but the seed fullness is only 58% after measurement, and the seeds are not fully mature, resulting in low germination ability and seedling survival rate.

[0147] The germination rate and seedling survival rate obtained by the sowing and seedling raising method in Comparative Example 2 were also low. This may be because the sand storage temperature was low, which delayed the physiological effects of the seeds, inhibited the activity of enzymes inside the seeds, and slowed down the germination rate. In addition, the relative humidity of the river sand was kept at a low level, which may lead to insufficient water absorption of the seeds and affected germination. Therefore, the germination rate was low and the seedling quality was poor, which further affected the growth of the seedlings, resulting in a survival rate of only 79%.

[0148] The germination rate and survival rate of seedlings obtained by the seeding and seedling raising method in Comparative Example 3 were also low. This may be because repeated seed turning and disinfection were not performed, resulting in aeration during seed storage and causing CO 2 Due to poisoning, mildew and deterioration, the seed germination rate is only 74%.

[0149] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for sowing and raising seedlings of Hamamelis chinensis, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Seed collection: Choose to complete the collection of silver hazel seeds from mid-September to early October each year; Seed treatment: remove impurities and dry in the shade until the moisture content of the seeds is 8% to 10%; Seed storage: Use the "sand-seed-sand" stratification method to store the disinfected seeds in the sand for the winter; control the relative humidity of the sand storage at 15%-20% in the first month, 21%-25% in the second month to the beginning of the third month, and 30%-50% in the later stage of sand storage; turn the seeds over and disinfect during the sand storage period; Sowing: When the germination rate of seeds reaches 20% to 30% in the next year, sow the seeds on the seedbed and then cover them with fine soil and hay in turn; Seedling management: When the cotyledons of 20% to 30% of the seedlings have unfolded, remove the hay one by one and carry out seedling management.

2. The method for sowing and raising seedlings of Hamamelis chinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stratification method of the seed storage is: Spread the sterilized seeds flat on 5-8 cm thick sterilized river sand, and then cover with 3-4 cm thick sterilized river sand.

3. The method for sowing and raising seedlings of Hamamelis chinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed storage replanting and disinfection method is as follows: The seeds stored in the sand are taken out, the river sand on the surface of the seeds is removed, and the seeds are disinfected by soaking the seeds in a 0.3 g / L to 0.5 g / L potassium permanganate solution for 30 to 40 minutes, and the disinfected seeds are stored in the sand again according to the stratification method.

4. The method for sowing and raising seedlings of Hamamelis chinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: During seed storage, the seeds should be turned over and disinfected once a month.

5. The method for sowing and raising seedlings of Hamamelis chinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the sand storage is 6-10°C.

6. The method for sowing and raising seedlings of Hamamelis chinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seedbed is a seedbed in which 140-160 kg of cake fertilizer, 8-12 kg of plant iron supplement and 2-3 kg of organophosphorus insecticide are applied per mu.

7. The method for sowing and raising seedlings of Hamamelis chinensis according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cake fertilizer is decomposed rapeseed cake, bean cake, sesame cake, peanut cake or cottonseed cake.

8. The method for sowing and raising seedlings of Hamamelis chinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seedling management also includes: spraying fungicides after the weeding is completed, applying nitrogen fertilizer during the rapid growth period of seedlings, and applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in late September.