Energy-saving and environment-friendly agricultural waste utilization treatment device and treatment method

Abstract

The energy-saving and environment-friendly agricultural waste utilization treatment device comprises a shell, a rotating shaft mechanism is rotationally arranged in the shell, a smashing mechanism is arranged on the outer wall of the rotating shaft mechanism, a filter screen is arranged on the outer wall of the rotating shaft mechanism, and the outer wall of the rotating shaft mechanism communicates with an air injection mechanism; an assembling shell is arranged at the top of the shell, a heating air supply mechanism is arranged on the assembling shell, rotating equipment is arranged on the assembling shell, the air conveying end of the heating air supply mechanism is communicated with the flow dividing pipe through a first air inlet pipe, and the air conveying end of the heating air supply mechanism is further communicated with the rotating shaft mechanism through a second air inlet pipe. Hot air supplied by the heating and air supplying mechanism enters the flow dividing pipe to preliminarily dry smashed agricultural waste, meanwhile, the hot air sprayed out of the air spraying mechanism blows the agricultural waste on the filter screen to make contact with the smashing mechanism upwards again, secondary smashing and secondary drying of the agricultural waste are achieved, energy is saved, and the environment is protected; and the crushing cutter is effectively prevented from rusting, and energy consumption is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural waste treatment, and in particular to an energy-saving and environment-friendly agricultural waste utilization and treatment device and a treatment method. Background Art

[0002] Agricultural waste refers to waste discharged from agricultural production, agricultural product processing, livestock and poultry breeding, and rural residents' daily life, such as straw. If agricultural waste is not properly handled, it will not only occupy a large amount of land resources, but also may pollute the soil, water sources and air. For this reason, agricultural waste is usually treated and returned to the field, mixed with other organic waste to prepare fertilizer or reused as fuel. However, agricultural waste usually needs to be crushed before it can be reused. The existing crushing treatment devices usually have the following defects when used:

[0003] When processing agricultural waste containing a certain amount of moisture, the crushing blades in the crushing device are prone to rust due to the presence of moisture, which will not only significantly reduce the crushing efficiency, making the processing process slow and inefficient, but also increase energy consumption because more power is needed to overcome the additional resistance caused by the rusting of the crushing blades. For this reason, we propose an energy-saving and environmentally friendly agricultural waste utilization and treatment device and treatment method. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an energy-saving and environmentally friendly agricultural waste utilization and treatment device and treatment method, so as to solve the problem that when the existing crushing treatment device proposed in the above background technology treats agricultural waste containing a certain amount of moisture, the crushing knife in the crushing device is prone to rust due to the presence of moisture, thereby reducing the crushing efficiency and increasing energy consumption.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] An energy-saving and environment-friendly agricultural waste utilization and treatment device comprises a shell provided with a feed inlet and a discharge port, a rotating shaft mechanism rotatably provided in the shell, a crushing mechanism provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft mechanism for crushing and treating agricultural waste, a filter screen movably provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft mechanism and located below the crushing mechanism, the filter screen is fixed in the shell, a plurality of jet mechanisms for discharging air toward the filter screen are connected in a circular array on the outer wall of the rotating shaft mechanism and located below the filter screen, an assembly shell is provided on the top of the shell, and the assembly shell is movably sleeved on the upper end of the outer wall of the rotating shaft mechanism, a heating air supply mechanism for supplying hot air is provided on the assembly shell, a rotating device for driving the rotating shaft mechanism to rotate and the heating air supply mechanism to supply air is provided on the assembly shell, an air delivery end of the heating air supply mechanism is connected to a shunt pipe through an air inlet pipe 1, the shunt pipe is arranged on the inner wall of the top of the shell, and a plurality of groups of interconnected air supply nozzles are provided at the bottom of the shunt pipe, and the air delivery end of the heating air supply mechanism is also connected to the rotating shaft mechanism through an air inlet pipe 2, so as to allow hot air to enter the jet mechanism.

[0007] A further improvement is that the rotating shaft mechanism comprises:

[0008] A hollow rotating shaft, a lower end of which is rotatably sleeved with a ventilator connected to the second air inlet pipe, and the ventilator is fixed to the bottom wall of the shell;

[0009] A transmission shaft is movably disposed in the hollow rotating shaft, and the top end of the transmission shaft extends into the driving and fixing mechanism, the driving and fixing mechanism is disposed in the assembly shell and communicated with the gas delivery end of the heating and air supply mechanism through the air inlet pipe 3, the driving and fixing mechanism is driven by the incoming hot air to move the transmission shaft downward and fix the transmission shaft; and,

[0010] The valve core is rotatably arranged at the bottom end of the transmission shaft, the top end of the valve core is fitted with a valve seat, the valve seat is fixed in the inner cavity of the hollow rotating shaft, the bottom of the valve core is provided with a closing cylinder, the closing cylinder is located above the jet mechanism, and the bottom of the closing cylinder is provided with a plurality of groups of vents, the valve core is separated from the valve seat when the transmission shaft moves downward, and the closing cylinder closes the air inlet of the jet mechanism.

[0011] A further improvement is that the crushing mechanism comprises:

[0012] The crushing knife group 1 and the crushing knife group 2 are respectively arranged on the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft and located between the air supply nozzle and the filter screen. The inner cavity of the shell between the crushing knife group 1 and the crushing knife group 2 is provided with a guide plate, and the guide plate is movably sleeved on the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft and a discharge port is opened at the bottom thereof. The crushing knife group 1 and the crushing knife group 2 both include a plurality of crushing blades arranged on the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft, and the number of crushing blades in the crushing knife group 2 is - times the number of crushing blades in the crushing knife group 1; and,

[0013] The grinding mechanism is arranged on the outer wall of the crushing blade and is used for grinding the outer wall of the blade edge of the crushing blade. The grinding mechanism is connected with the transmission shaft.

[0014] A further improvement is that the grinding mechanism comprises:

[0015] Movable seats are respectively arranged at both ends of the outer wall of the crushing blade, and the two groups of movable seats are each provided with a grinding layer for grinding the outer wall of the crushing blade edge, and the outer walls of the two groups of movable seats on the opposite side are each provided with an arc-shaped protrusion 1, and the two groups of movable seats are slidably connected with the guide seat on the side facing the hollow rotating shaft, and the guide seat is fixed on the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft, and a driving rod for cooperating with the arc-shaped protrusion 1 is provided between the two groups of movable seats, one end of the driving rod movably passes through the hollow rotating shaft and is connected to the movable rod through a bracket, and the bracket and the inner wall of the hollow rotating shaft are connected by a spring member, and a rolling member is provided at the end of the movable rod away from the bracket, and an elastic member for driving the movable seat to reset is provided in the guide seat; and,

[0016] The driving block is an elliptical disc structure, and a circle of sliding grooves for the rolling element to be embedded in the edge of the driving block is provided. The inner wall of the driving block is provided with a groove, and the outer wall of the transmission shaft is provided with a protrusion adapted to the groove;

[0017] When the transmission shaft is fixed, the hollow shaft rotates to drive the crushing blade, and then the movable rod makes the rolling element slide around the sliding groove on the driving block, and then the driving rod reciprocates to cooperate with the arc-shaped protrusion 1 and the elastic member to drive the two groups of movable seats to move closer to or away from each other, and the outer wall of the crushing blade edge is polished by the polishing layer when the movable seat moves.

[0018] A further improvement is that a cavity is provided in the movable seat, a recess is provided on the side of the movable seat facing the crushing blade, a plurality of groups of air outlet holes connected to the cavity and facing the grinding layer are provided on the inner wall of one side of the recess, and the cavity is connected to the hollow rotating shaft through an air inlet pipe.

[0019] A further improvement is that the driving and fixing mechanism comprises an air intake seat fixed on the inner wall of the assembly shell, the air intake seat is in three-way communication with the air intake pipe, a piston is slidably provided in the air intake seat, a movable block is rotatably provided in the piston, the piston is connected to the inner wall of one side of the air intake seat through an elastic member, an electromagnetic ring and a detection sensor are provided on the bottom wall of the air intake seat, the detection sensor and the electromagnetic ring are both connected to the controller, and a magnetic block corresponding to the electromagnetic ring is provided on the outer wall of the movable block;

[0020] After the hot air enters the intake seat, the piston is driven to move downward. When the movable block contacts the detection sensor, the controller controls the electromagnetic ring to absorb the magnetic block to fix the transmission shaft.

[0021] A further improvement is that the jet mechanism comprises:

[0022] A plurality of groups of jet components are arranged in a circular array on the outer wall of the hollow shaft, and the air inlet of the jet component is communicated with the inner cavity of the hollow shaft, the jet component is provided with a plurality of groups of jet nozzles, a baffle is slidably provided above the jet component, one end of the baffle is connected to the outer wall of the hollow shaft through an elastic telescopic member, a ball is embedded in the other end of the baffle, and a plurality of groups of through openings staggered with the jet nozzles are opened on the baffle; and,

[0023] A plurality of groups of arc-shaped protrusions 2 are arranged in a ring array on the inner wall of the shell. When the arc-shaped protrusions 2 contact the baffle, the baffle moves toward the outer wall of the hollow shaft, so that the through openings correspond to the air nozzles one by one.

[0024] A further improvement is that the heating and air supply mechanism comprises:

[0025] An air induction seat is fixedly inserted on the assembly shell, and a heating element is arranged inside the air induction seat. An impeller is arranged in the air induction seat below the heating element. The shaft of the impeller extends into the assembly shell and is connected to the output end of the rotating device through a transmission gear set 1. The lower end of the air induction seat is provided with an air supply port connected to the first intake pipe, the second intake pipe and the third intake pipe; and,

[0026] The second transmission gear set is used for connecting the output end of the rotating device with the hollow rotating shaft.

[0027] An energy-saving and environment-friendly agricultural waste utilization and treatment method, using the above-mentioned treatment device, comprises the following steps:

[0028] S1: The agricultural waste to be processed enters the housing through the feed port, and the rotating device drives the shaft mechanism to rotate and the heating gas supply mechanism to supply hot air;

[0029] S2: The rotating shaft mechanism rotates to drive the crushing mechanism to crush the agricultural waste. The hot air enters the diverter pipe through the air inlet pipe, and then sprays downward from the air supply nozzle to dry the crushed agricultural waste. The agricultural waste falls on the filter screen after being crushed. The qualified agricultural waste passes through the filter screen and is discharged through the discharge port;

[0030] S3: The hot air supplied by the heating air supply mechanism also enters the rotating shaft mechanism through the air inlet pipe 2, and then is ejected from the jet mechanism so that the agricultural waste on the filter screen contacts the crushing mechanism again for secondary crushing and secondary drying, until the agricultural waste passes through the filter screen and is discharged from the discharge port.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] 1) When agricultural waste is crushed by the crushing mechanism, the electromagnetic valve in the air inlet pipe 1 is opened to allow the hot air supplied by the heating air supply mechanism to enter the shunt pipe and then be ejected from the air supply nozzle, thereby preliminarily drying the crushed agricultural waste. At the same time, the electromagnetic valve in the air inlet pipe 2 is opened to allow the hot air supplied by the heating air supply mechanism to enter the jet mechanism, and the hot air ejected by the jet mechanism blows the agricultural waste on the filter screen upward to contact the crushing mechanism again, thereby achieving secondary crushing and secondary drying of the agricultural waste, and preventing the filter screen from being blocked, with high quality of agricultural waste treatment, convenient for subsequent reuse of agricultural waste, energy saving and environmental protection, and effective prevention of rusting of the crushing knife, thereby reducing energy consumption;

[0033] 2) After the agricultural waste is crushed, the outer wall of the blade of the crushing blade can be polished by a polishing mechanism to ensure the crushing quality of the agricultural waste by the crushing blade, thereby reducing the labor intensity and use cost of later maintenance;

[0034] 3) The present invention uses independent rotating equipment to perform tasks such as crushing, air supply and grinding, and there is no need to add multiple driving devices for driving, which further saves energy consumption and reduces the cost of use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the processing device of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Structural cross-section view;

[0037] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure A;

[0038] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of the B structure;

[0039] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of the C structure;

[0040] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the grinding mechanism in the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the grinding mechanism in the present invention from another perspective;

[0042] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the driving and fixing mechanism in the present invention.

[0043] In the figure: 1, shell; 2, feed port; 3, assembly shell; 4, rotating device; 5, hollow shaft; 6, air inlet seat; 7, transmission gear set 1; 8, transmission gear set 2; 9, air inlet pipe 1; 10, shunt pipe; 11, air supply nozzle; 12, heating element; 13, guide plate; 14, transmission shaft; 15, valve core; 16, closing cylinder; 17, vent; 18, jet element; 19, vent element; 20, air inlet pipe 2; 2 1. Intake seat; 22. Movable block; 23. Piston; 24. Electromagnetic ring; 25. Detection sensor; 26. Intake pipe three; 27. Drive block; 28. Movable rod; 29. ​​Rolling element; 30. Spring element; 31. Crushing blade; 32. Movable seat; 33. Arc-shaped protrusion one; 34. Notch; 35. Drive rod; 36. Intake pipe; 37. Guide seat; 38. Filter; 39. Baffle; 40. Arc-shaped protrusion two. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] See also Figure 1-Figure 3 , an energy-saving and environmentally friendly agricultural waste utilization and treatment device, agricultural waste such as straw, etc., the treatment device comprises a shell 1 with a feed inlet 2 at the top and a discharge port at the bottom, a rotating shaft mechanism is rotatably arranged in the shell 1, a crushing mechanism is arranged on the outer wall of the rotating shaft mechanism, which is used to crush the agricultural waste, and a filter 38 is movably arranged on the outer wall of the rotating shaft mechanism and located below the crushing mechanism, which filters the crushed agricultural waste so that the agricultural waste can be reused;

[0046] The filter screen 38 is fixed in the shell 1. The outer wall of the rotating shaft mechanism and below the filter screen 38 are connected to a plurality of jet mechanisms that discharge air toward the filter screen 38 in an annular array. The top of the shell 1 is provided with an assembly shell 3, and the assembly shell 3 is movably sleeved on the upper end of the outer wall of the rotating shaft mechanism. The assembly shell 3 is provided with a heating air supply mechanism for supplying hot air. The assembly shell 3 is provided with a rotating device 4 for driving the rotating shaft mechanism to rotate and the heating air supply mechanism to supply air. The rotating device 4 is, for example, a motor. The air delivery end of the heating air supply mechanism is connected to the shunt pipe 10 through an air inlet pipe 1 9. The shunt pipe 10 is annular and is arranged on the inner wall of the top of the shell 1. The bottom of the shunt pipe 10 is provided with a plurality of connected air supply nozzles 11. The air delivery end of the heating air supply mechanism is also connected to the rotating shaft mechanism through an air inlet pipe 2 20 to allow hot air to enter the jet mechanism.

[0047] It should be noted that both the air inlet pipe 1 9 and the air inlet pipe 2 20 are provided with electromagnetic valves. When the agricultural waste is crushed by the crushing mechanism, the electromagnetic valve in the air inlet pipe 1 9 is opened to allow the hot air supplied by the heating air supply mechanism to enter the diverter pipe 10 and then be ejected from the air supply nozzle 11, thereby preliminarily drying the crushed agricultural waste to prevent the crushing mechanism from rusting and facilitate the subsequent reuse of the agricultural waste. The crushed agricultural waste is filtered through the filter screen 38 and then discharged from the discharge port. The electromagnetic valve in the air inlet pipe 2 20 is opened to allow the hot air supplied by the heating air supply mechanism to enter the shaft mechanism and then enter the jet mechanism. The hot air ejected by the jet mechanism blows the agricultural waste on the filter screen 38 upwards to contact the crushing mechanism again, thereby achieving secondary crushing and secondary drying, while avoiding clogging of the filter screen 38.

[0048] Preferably, a vibrator may be provided on the filter screen 38 of the present embodiment, and the vibrator is used to drive the filter screen 38 to vibrate so that the agricultural waste on the filter screen 38 can pass downward through the filter screen 38 better.

[0049] See also Figure 4 As a preference, the shaft mechanism of this embodiment includes:

[0050] The hollow shaft 5 has a vent 19 connected to the air inlet pipe 20 at its lower end. The lower end of the hollow shaft 5 is hollow. The vent 19 is fixed to the bottom wall of the housing 1. The vent 19 is a cylinder with a hollow top. The hollow shaft 5 and the vent 19 are rotatably connected through a bearing. Hot air enters the vent 19 and then enters the hollow shaft 5.

[0051] The transmission shaft 14 is movably arranged in the hollow rotating shaft 5, and the top end of the transmission shaft 14 extends into the driving and fixing mechanism. The driving and fixing mechanism is arranged in the assembly shell 3 and is connected with the gas delivery end of the heating and air supply mechanism through the air inlet pipe 3 26. The driving and fixing mechanism is driven by the incoming hot air to move the transmission shaft 14 downward and fix the transmission shaft 14. When the transmission shaft 14 is not fixed, the hollow rotating shaft 5 rotates and drives the transmission shaft 14 to rotate at the same time. When the transmission shaft 14 is fixed, the hollow rotating shaft 5 rotates relative to the transmission shaft 14.

[0052] Further, in order to stably drive the transmission shaft 14 to rotate when the hollow shaft 5 is not fixed, a magnetic member may be provided at the connection between the hollow shaft 5 and the transmission shaft 14. The magnetic member may be, for example, two magnetic rings that are attracted to each other. Of course, it is not limited to these structures, and may also be a snap-fit ​​structure, which will not be described in detail here.

[0053] as well as,

[0054] The valve core 15 is rotatably arranged at the bottom end of the transmission shaft 14. The top end of the valve core 15 is fitted with a valve seat. The valve seat is provided with a through hole with a diameter smaller than that of the valve core 15. The diameter of the valve core 15 is smaller than the inner diameter of the hollow shaft 5. The valve seat is fixed in the inner cavity of the hollow shaft 5. A closing cylinder 16 is provided at the bottom of the valve core 15. The closing cylinder 16 is located above the jet mechanism. A plurality of vents 17 are provided at the bottom of the closing cylinder 16. When the transmission shaft 14 moves downward, the valve core 15 is separated from the valve seat and the closing cylinder 16 closes the air inlet of the jet mechanism, so that hot air does not enter the jet mechanism.

[0055] When the hot gas does not enter the driving fixing mechanism, the valve core 15 and the valve seat cooperate to allow the hot gas entering the hollow rotating shaft 5 to enter the jet mechanism; after the hot gas enters the driving fixing mechanism, the hollow rotating shaft 5 moves downward to separate the valve seat and the valve core 15, and at the same time, the closing cylinder 16 moves downward to close the air inlet of the jet mechanism. At this time, the hot gas entering the hollow rotating shaft 5 flows to the top of the hollow rotating shaft 5 through the vent 17, the valve core 15 and the valve seat;

[0056] It should be noted that the intake pipe 3 26 also has a solenoid valve.

[0057] See also Figure 5-Figure 7 As a preferred embodiment, the crushing mechanism of this embodiment includes:

[0058] The crushing knife group 1 and the crushing knife group 2 are respectively arranged on the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft 5 and located between the air supply nozzle 11 and the filter 38. The inner cavity of the shell 1 between the crushing knife group 1 and the crushing knife group 2 is provided with a guide plate 13. The guide plate 13 is movably sleeved on the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft 5 and a discharge port is opened at the bottom. The guide plate 13 guides the agricultural waste crushed by the crushing knife group 1 to the crushing knife group 2 so that it is crushed by the crushing knife group 2. The crushing knife group 1 and the crushing knife group 2 both include a plurality of crushing blades 31 arranged on the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft 5, and the number of the crushing blades 31 in the crushing knife group 2 is 1-3 times the number of the crushing blades 31 in the crushing knife group 1. The crushing knife group 1 performs preliminary crushing on the incoming agricultural waste, and the crushing knife group 2 performs fine crushing on the agricultural waste; and,

[0059] The grinding mechanism is arranged on the outer wall of the crushing blade 31, and is used for grinding the outer wall of the blade of the crushing blade 31. The grinding mechanism is connected to the transmission shaft 14. Both sides of the crushing blade 31 are blades. After the crushing work is completed, the outer wall of the blade of the crushing blade 31 can be polished by the grinding mechanism to prevent the crushing blade 31 from rusting while improving the subsequent crushing quality of agricultural waste by the crushing blade 31.

[0060] Preferably, the grinding mechanism of this embodiment includes:

[0061] The movable seats 32 are respectively arranged at the two ends of the outer wall of the crushing blade 31. Initially, the outer end of the movable seat 32 does not exceed the blade of the crushing blade 31 to prevent the movable seat 32 from affecting the crushing blade 31 to crush agricultural waste through the blade. The two groups of movable seats 32 are provided with a grinding layer for grinding the outer wall of the blade of the crushing blade 31. The outer walls of the two groups of movable seats 32 on the opposite side are provided with an arc-shaped protrusion 33. The two groups of movable seats 32 are slidably connected with the guide seat 37 on one side of the hollow shaft 5. The guide seat 37 is fixed on the outer wall of the hollow shaft 5. The two groups of guide seats 37 are in an eight-shaped shape so that the two groups of movable seats The seats 32 move relative to each other and rub the outer wall of the blade of the crushing blade 31 through the grinding layer. A driving rod 35 for cooperating with the arc-shaped protrusion is provided between the two groups of movable seats 32. The driving rod 35 is cross-shaped, and a ball is embedded in the outer wall of the movable seat 32. One end of the driving rod 35 movably passes through the hollow shaft 5 and is connected to the movable rod 28 through a bracket. The bracket and the inner wall of the hollow shaft 5 are connected by a spring member 30. The spring member 30 is, for example, a spring. A rolling member 29 is provided at one end of the movable rod 28 away from the bracket. The rolling member 29 is a roller. An elastic member that drives the movable seat 32 to reset is provided in the guide seat 37; and,

[0062] The driving block 27 is an elliptical disc-shaped structure, and a circle of sliding grooves is provided on its edge for the rolling element 29 to be embedded. The vertical section of the sliding groove is T-shaped, so that the rolling element 29 will not be separated from the driving block 27. The inner wall of the driving block 27 is provided with a groove, and the outer wall of the transmission shaft 14 is provided with a protrusion adapted to the groove, which does not affect the movement of the transmission shaft 14 relative to the driving block 27. At the same time, the driving block 27 can be fixed by the protrusion and the groove after the transmission shaft 14 is fixed, so that when the hollow shaft 5 rotates, it can drive the crushing blade 31 so that the movable rod 28 drives the rolling element 29 to slide in the sliding groove;

[0063] When the transmission shaft 14 is fixed, the hollow shaft 5 rotates to drive the crushing blade 31, and then the movable rod 28 makes the rolling element 29 slide around the sliding groove on the driving block 27, and then the driving rod 35 reciprocates to cooperate with the arc-shaped protrusion and the elastic member to drive the two groups of movable seats 32 to move closer to or away from each other, and when the movable seat 32 moves, the outer wall of the blade of the crushing blade 31 is polished by the polishing layer.

[0064] Preferably, a cavity is provided in the movable seat 32 of the present embodiment, a notch 34 is provided on one side of the movable seat 32 facing the crushing blade 31, a plurality of groups of air outlet holes connected to the cavity and facing the grinding layer are provided on the inner wall of one side of the notch 34, and the cavity is connected to the hollow rotating shaft 5 through an air inlet pipe 36;

[0065] When the transmission shaft 14 is fixed, the heating element 12 is turned off, and the gas entering the hollow rotating shaft 5 flows upward, and then the gas enters the cavity of the movable seat 32 through the air inlet pipe 36 and flows out from the air outlet. The outflowing gas blows toward the grinding layer, which can remove the waste chips generated by grinding and also play a heat dissipation role for the crushing blade 31, thereby extending the service life of the crushing blade 31.

[0066] Preferably, the driving and fixing mechanism of the present embodiment comprises an air intake seat 21 fixed on the inner wall of the assembly shell 3, the air intake seat 21 is connected with the air intake pipe 3 26, a piston 23 is slidably arranged in the air intake seat 21, and the hot gas enters the air intake seat 21 to drive the piston 23 to move downward, and a movable block 22 is arranged in the piston 23 to rotate through a bearing, and when the transmission shaft 14 is not fixed, the movable block 22 can rotate with the transmission shaft 14 relative to the piston 23, and the piston 23 is connected to the inner wall of one side of the air intake seat 21 through an elastic member, and when the gas in the air intake seat 21 is discharged, the elastic member drives the piston 23 to reset upward, thereby driving the transmission shaft 14 to rotate. The movable shaft 14 is reset, and an exhaust pipe with a valve can be provided on the intake pipe 26. The bottom wall of the intake seat 21 is provided with an electromagnetic ring 24 and a detection sensor 25. The detection sensor 25 is, for example, a pressure sensor, and its model is not described in detail here. The detection end of the detection sensor 25 is flush with the top of the electromagnetic ring 24. The electromagnetic ring 24 is movably sleeved on the outside of the transmission shaft 14. The detection sensor 25 and the electromagnetic ring 24 are both connected to the controller. The outer wall of the movable block 22 is provided with a magnetic block corresponding to the electromagnetic ring 24. When the magnetic block contacts the electromagnetic ring 24, the movable block 22 contacts the detection end of the detection sensor 25.

[0067] After the hot air enters the air intake seat 21, the piston 23 is driven to move downward. When the movable block 22 contacts the detection sensor 25, the controller controls the electromagnetic ring 24 to absorb the magnetic block to fix the transmission shaft 14.

[0068] Preferably, the jetting mechanism of this embodiment includes:

[0069] A plurality of jet components 18 are rectangular pipes, the outer ends of which are closed and arranged in an annular array on the outer wall of the hollow shaft 5, and the air inlet of the jet component 18 is communicated with the inner cavity of the hollow shaft 5, and a plurality of jet nozzles are arranged on the jet component 18, and a baffle 39 is slidably arranged above the jet component 18, and one end of the baffle 39 is connected to the outer wall of the hollow shaft 5 through an elastic telescopic component, such as an elastic telescopic rod or a spring, and a ball is embedded in the other end of the baffle 39, and a plurality of through openings staggered from the jet nozzles are opened on the baffle 39; and,

[0070] A plurality of groups of arc-shaped protrusions 40 are arranged in a circular array on the inner wall of the housing 1. When the arc-shaped protrusions 40 contact the baffle 39, the baffle 39 moves toward the outer wall of the hollow shaft 5, so that the openings correspond to the air nozzles one by one.

[0071] The jet component 18 rotates with the hollow rotating shaft 5, so that the baffle 39 intermittently contacts the arc-shaped protrusion 2 40 through the ball bearing, and then the baffle 39 moves to squeeze the elastic telescopic component, so that the through port corresponds to the jet nozzle. At this time, the jet nozzle can spray hot air upward. When the baffle 39 is not in contact with the arc-shaped protrusion 2 40, the baffle 39 is reset under the action of the elastic telescopic component, and the through port is staggered with the jet nozzle. At this time, no air is sprayed at the jet nozzle, and then the agricultural waste passing through the filter 38 downward can be discharged from the discharge port.

[0072] Preferably, the heating and air supply mechanism of this embodiment includes:

[0073] The air intake seat 6 is fixedly inserted on the assembly shell 3, and a heating element 12 is arranged inside the air intake seat 6, and the heating element 12 is, for example, a heating net or a heating wire. An impeller is arranged in the air intake seat 6 below the heating element 12, and the shaft of the impeller extends into the assembly shell 3 and is connected to the output end of the rotating device 4 through a transmission gear set 7. When the rotating device 4 rotates, the impeller is also driven by the transmission gear set 7, and then the impeller allows the outside air to enter the air intake seat 6 and then enter the intake pipe 1 9, the intake pipe 2 20 or the intake pipe 3 26. By turning on the heating element 12, the incoming air can be heated. In actual situations, a filter screen 38 can be arranged above the heating element 12 in the air intake seat 6 to filter the incoming air;

[0074] The lower end of the seat is provided with an air supply port connected to the air inlet pipe 1 9, the air inlet pipe 20 and the air inlet pipe 3 26; and,

[0075] The transmission gear set 2 8 is used to connect the output end of the rotating device 4 with the hollow rotating shaft 5. The transmission gear set 2 8 1 and the transmission gear set 2 8 are both two sets of meshing gears.

[0076] An energy-saving and environment-friendly agricultural waste utilization and treatment method, using the above-mentioned treatment device, comprises the following steps:

[0077] S1: The agricultural waste to be processed enters the housing 1 through the feed port 2, and the rotating device 4 drives the rotating shaft mechanism to rotate and the heating gas supply mechanism to supply hot gas;

[0078] S2: The rotating shaft mechanism rotates to drive the crushing mechanism to crush the agricultural waste. The hot air enters the diverter pipe 10 through the air inlet pipe 9, and then sprays downward from the air supply nozzle 11 to dry the crushed agricultural waste. The crushed agricultural waste falls on the filter screen 38, and the qualified crushed agricultural waste passes through the filter screen 38 and is discharged through the discharge port;

[0079] S3: The hot air supplied by the heating air supply mechanism also enters the rotating shaft mechanism through the air inlet pipe 20, and then is ejected from the jet mechanism so that the agricultural waste located on the filter 38 contacts the crushing mechanism again upward for secondary crushing and secondary drying, until the agricultural waste passes through the filter 38 and is discharged from the discharge port.

[0080] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An energy-saving and environment-friendly agricultural waste utilization and treatment device, comprising a housing (1) provided with a feed inlet (2) and a discharge outlet, characterized in that: A rotating shaft mechanism is rotatably arranged in the shell (1), a crushing mechanism is arranged on the outer wall of the rotating shaft mechanism for crushing agricultural waste, a filter screen (38) is movably arranged on the outer wall of the rotating shaft mechanism and located below the crushing mechanism, the filter screen (38) is fixed in the shell (1), a plurality of jet mechanisms for discharging air toward the filter screen (38) are connected in a circular array on the outer wall of the rotating shaft mechanism and located below the filter screen (38), an assembly shell (3) is arranged on the top of the shell (1), and the assembly shell (3) is movably sleeved on the upper end of the outer wall of the rotating shaft mechanism, The assembly shell (3) is provided with a heating air supply mechanism for supplying hot air. The assembly shell (3) is provided with a rotating device (4) for driving the rotating shaft mechanism to rotate and the heating air supply mechanism to supply air. The air delivery end of the heating air supply mechanism is connected to the branch pipe (10) through the first air inlet pipe (9). The branch pipe (10) is arranged on the inner wall of the top of the outer shell (1), and the bottom of the branch pipe (10) is provided with a plurality of groups of interconnected air supply nozzles (11). The air delivery end of the heating air supply mechanism is also connected to the rotating shaft mechanism through the second air inlet pipe (20) so as to allow the hot air to enter the injection mechanism.

2. The processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating shaft mechanism comprises: A hollow rotating shaft (5) is rotatably sleeved at its lower end with a ventilator (19) connected to the second air inlet pipe (20), and the ventilator (19) is fixed to the bottom wall of the outer shell (1); A transmission shaft (14) is movably arranged in the hollow rotating shaft (5), and the top end of the transmission shaft (14) extends into the driving and fixing mechanism, the driving and fixing mechanism is arranged in the assembly shell (3) and is connected to the gas supply end of the heating and air supply mechanism through the air intake pipe (26), and the driving and fixing mechanism is driven by the incoming hot air to move the transmission shaft (14) downward and fix the transmission shaft (14); and, A valve core (15) is rotatably arranged at the bottom end of the transmission shaft (14); a valve seat is fitted on the top end of the valve core (15); the valve seat is fixed in the inner cavity of the hollow rotating shaft (5); a closing cylinder (16) is arranged at the bottom of the valve core (15); the closing cylinder (16) is located above the jet mechanism; a plurality of groups of vents (17) are opened at the bottom of the closing cylinder (16); when the transmission shaft (14) moves downward, the valve core (15) is separated from the valve seat and the closing cylinder (16) closes the air inlet of the jet mechanism.

3. The processing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The crushing mechanism comprises: The crushing knife group 1 and the crushing knife group 2 are respectively arranged on the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft (5) and located between the air supply nozzle (11) and the filter screen (38); the inner cavity of the housing (1) between the crushing knife group 1 and the crushing knife group 2 is provided with a guide plate (13); the guide plate (13) is movably sleeved on the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft (5) and a discharge port is opened at the bottom thereof; the crushing knife group 1 and the crushing knife group 2 both include a plurality of crushing blades (31) arranged on the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft (5), and the number of the crushing blades (31) in the crushing knife group 2 is 1-3 times the number of the crushing blades (31) in the crushing knife group 1; and, The grinding mechanism is arranged on the outer wall of the crushing blade (31) and is used for grinding the outer wall of the blade of the crushing blade (31). The grinding mechanism is connected to the transmission shaft (14).

4. The processing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The grinding mechanism comprises: The movable seats (32) are respectively arranged at both ends of the outer wall of the crushing blade (31), and the two groups of movable seats (32) are both provided with a grinding layer for grinding the outer wall of the blade of the crushing blade (31). The outer walls of the two groups of movable seats (32) on the opposite side are both provided with an arc-shaped protrusion (33). The two groups of movable seats (32) are slidably connected to the guide seat (37) on one side facing the hollow rotating shaft (5), and the guide seat (37) is fixed on the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft (5). A driving rod (35) for cooperating with the arc-shaped protrusion (33) is provided between the movable seats (32), one end of the driving rod (35) movably passes through the hollow rotating shaft (5) and is connected to the movable rod (28) through a bracket, the bracket and the inner wall of the hollow rotating shaft (5) are connected through a spring member (30), a rolling member (29) is provided at one end of the movable rod (28) away from the bracket, and an elastic member for driving the movable seat (32) to return to its original position is provided in the guide seat (37); and, The driving block (27) is an elliptical disc-shaped structure, and its edge is provided with a circle of sliding grooves for the rolling element (29) to be embedded, the inner wall of the driving block (27) is provided with a groove, and the outer wall of the transmission shaft (14) is provided with a protrusion adapted to the groove; When the transmission shaft (14) is fixed, the hollow shaft (5) rotates to drive the crushing blade (31), and then the movable rod (28) causes the rolling element (29) to slide around the sliding groove on the driving block (27), and then the driving rod (35) reciprocates to cooperate with the arc-shaped protrusion (33) and the elastic element to drive the two groups of movable seats (32) to move closer to or away from each other, and when the movable seat (32) moves, the outer wall of the blade of the crushing blade (31) is polished by the polishing layer.

5. The processing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The movable seat (32) has a cavity therein, and a notch (34) is provided on one side of the movable seat (32) facing the crushing blade (31). An inner wall of one side of the notch (34) has a plurality of groups of air outlet holes connected to the cavity and facing the grinding layer, and the cavity is connected to the hollow rotating shaft (5) via an air inlet pipeline (36).

6. The processing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driving and fixing mechanism comprises an air intake seat (21) fixed on the inner wall of the assembly shell (3), the air intake seat (21) being connected to an air intake pipe (26), a piston (23) being slidably arranged in the air intake seat (21), a movable block (22) being rotatably arranged in the piston (23), the piston (23) being connected to an inner wall of one side of the air intake seat (21) through an elastic member, an electromagnetic ring (24) and a detection sensor (25) being arranged on the bottom wall of the air intake seat (21), the detection sensor (25) and the electromagnetic ring (24) being both connected to a controller, and a magnetic block corresponding to the electromagnetic ring (24) being arranged on the outer wall of the movable block (22); After the hot gas enters the air intake seat (21), the piston (23) is driven to move downward. When the movable block (22) contacts the detection sensor (25), the controller controls the electromagnetic ring (24) to absorb the magnetic block to fix the transmission shaft (14).

7. The processing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The jet mechanism comprises: A plurality of groups of air jet components (18) are arranged in a circular array on the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft (5), and the air inlet of the air jet component (18) is communicated with the inner cavity of the hollow rotating shaft (5), the air jet component (18) is provided with a plurality of groups of air jet nozzles, a baffle (39) is slidably provided above the air jet component (18), one end of the baffle (39) is connected to the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft (5) through an elastic telescopic component, a ball is embedded in the other end of the baffle (39), and the baffle (39) is provided with a plurality of groups of through openings staggered with the air jet nozzles; and, A plurality of groups of arc-shaped protrusions (40) are arranged in a ring array on the inner wall of the housing (1). When the arc-shaped protrusions (40) contact the baffle (39), the baffle (39) moves toward the outer wall of the hollow shaft (5), so that the openings correspond to the air nozzles one by one.

8. The processing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The heating and air supply mechanism comprises: An air induction seat (6) is fixedly inserted on the assembly shell (3), and a heating element (12) is provided inside the air induction seat (6) below the heating element (12). An impeller is provided in the air induction seat (6), and the shaft of the impeller extends into the assembly shell (3) and is connected to the output end of the rotating device (4) through a transmission gear set (7). The lower end of the air induction seat (6) is provided with an air supply port connected to an air inlet pipe (9), an air inlet pipe (20) and an air inlet pipe (26); and, The second transmission gear set (8) is used to connect the output end of the rotating device (4) and the hollow rotating shaft (5) in a transmission manner.

9. An energy-saving and environment-friendly agricultural waste utilization and treatment method, using the treatment device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: The agricultural waste to be processed enters the housing (1) through the feed inlet (2), and the rotating device (4) drives the rotating shaft mechanism to rotate and the heating gas supply mechanism to supply hot gas; S2: The rotating shaft mechanism rotates to drive the pulverizing mechanism to pulverize the agricultural waste. The hot air enters the diverter pipe (10) through the air inlet pipe (9), and then is ejected downward from the air supply nozzle (11) to dry the pulverized agricultural waste. The pulverized agricultural waste falls on the filter screen (38). The pulverized agricultural waste passes through the filter screen (38) and is discharged through the discharge port. S3: The hot air supplied by the heating air supply mechanism also enters the rotating shaft mechanism through the second air inlet pipe (20), and is then ejected from the jet mechanism so that the agricultural waste located on the filter screen (38) contacts the pulverizing mechanism again upward for secondary pulverization and secondary drying, until the agricultural waste passes through the filter screen (38) and is discharged from the discharge port.

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