Multicomponent ceramic and multicomponent ceramic composite material

Abstract

The present invention discloses a multinary ceramic and a multinary ceramic composite material, including a multinary metal compound formed by 4 to 10 metal elements and two or more non-metallic elements, wherein the non-metallic elements are selected from B, C, N, and O metal elements, and the formed multinary metal compound is two or more of multinary metal borides, multinary metal carbides, multinary metal nitrides, and multinary metal oxides. The 4 to 10 metal elements include the following three types of metal elements, namely transition metal elements, rare earth metal elements, and other metal elements. The ratio of the total content A of metal elements to the total content B of non-metallic elements is between 1:2 and 2:1, and the content of each metal element is close to an equal proportion. In the above manner, the present invention adopts the design concept of high entropy alloys, and effectively improves the mechanical properties and high temperature stability of the material by mixing a variety of metal and non-metal elements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ceramic materials, and in particular to a multi-component ceramic and a multi-component ceramic composite material. Background Art

[0002] Existing ceramic materials mainly face the following problems: (1) Ordinary ceramic materials: Although they are low-cost and have mature processes, their mechanical strength and high-temperature stability are insufficient, which limits their application in high-performance fields. For example, ordinary ceramic materials are prone to creep, softening, or even cracking at high temperatures, and cannot meet the stringent requirements of aerospace, energy and other fields for materials; (2) Special ceramic materials: Although they have excellent performance, most of them are synthesized from a single metal element and a single non-metal element, and their composition is single, resulting in limited room for performance improvement. In addition, special ceramic materials are usually expensive, which limits their large-scale application.

[0003] Based on the above defects and shortcomings, it is necessary to improve the existing technology and design a multi-component ceramic and multi-component ceramic composite material. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main technical problem solved by the present invention is to provide a multi-element ceramic and a multi-element ceramic composite material, which adopts the design concept of high entropy alloy and effectively improves the mechanical properties and high-temperature stability of the material by mixing multiple metal and non-metal elements.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, a technical solution adopted by the present invention is: to provide a multinary ceramic material, the multinary ceramic includes a multinary metal compound formed by 4 to 10 metal elements and two or more non-metallic elements, the non-metallic elements are selected from boron (B), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O) metal elements, and the formed multinary metal compound is two or more of multinary metal borides, multinary metal carbides, multinary metal nitrides, and multinary metal oxides. The 4 to 10 metal elements include the following three types of metal elements, namely transition metal elements, rare earth metal elements and other metal elements. The ratio of the total content A of metal elements to the total content B of non-metallic elements is between 1:2 and 2:1 (A:B=1:2~2:1), and the content of each metal element is close to equal proportion.

[0006] Preferably, the transition metal element is selected from titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu) metal elements; the rare earth metal element is selected from yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), or cerium (Ce) metal elements; and the other metal elements are selected from aluminum (Al) and magnesium (Mg) metal elements.

[0007] Preferably, the multi-metal compound is synthesized by a physical method or a chemical method, the physical method is selected from mechanical metallurgy (high energy ball milling, mechanical alloying, etc.), sintering, spark plasma sintering (SPS), hot pressing (HP), hot isostatic pressing (HIP) or direct heating remelting; the chemical method is selected from reactive magnetron sputtering, sol-gel method, coprecipitation method, nitrate solution method, high temperature self-propagating synthesis (SHS)

[0008] A multi-component ceramic composite material includes multi-component ceramic materials and other metal or non-metal materials, wherein the other metal materials are selected from high entropy alloys, stainless steel, titanium alloys, and aluminum alloys; and the non-metal materials are selected from carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber, alumina fiber, and polymers.

[0009] Preferably, the multi-element ceramic material and other metal or non-metal material are prepared by combining in-situ generation, melt infiltration, powder metallurgy, hot pressing, spark plasma sintering, hot isostatic pressing or other composite material preparation methods.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0011] (1) High entropy effect: The mixing of multiple metal elements increases the mixing entropy of the material, produces lattice distortion, and hinders dislocation movement, thereby improving the strength and hardness of the material. At the same time, the high entropy effect can also inhibit grain boundary sliding and improve the high-temperature stability of the material;

[0012] (2) Excellent mechanical properties: Compared with traditional ceramic materials, the mechanical properties of the multi-component ceramics and multi-component ceramic composites of the present invention, such as compressive strength, flexural strength, fracture toughness, and hardness, are significantly improved;

[0013] (3) Good high temperature stability: The multi-component ceramic and multi-component ceramic composite material of the present invention exhibit excellent oxidation resistance, creep resistance and dimensional stability at high temperatures, and can work stably for a long time in harsh environments;

[0014] (4) Broad application prospects: The multi-component ceramics and multi-component ceramic composites of the present invention can be widely used in aerospace, energy, national defense, automobile, biomedicine and other fields, for example, as turbine blades, high-temperature bearings, cutting tools, protective armor, artificial joints, etc. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention so that the advantages and features of the invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making a clearer and more definite definition of the protection scope of the present invention.

[0016] Embodiments of the present invention include: Specific embodiment one:

[0018] The composition of the multi-component carbide ceramic material is: 10 atomic percent (at%) of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, and 50 at% of C; the synthesis method is: mechanical metallurgical alloying → hot pressing sintering. Specific embodiment 2:

[0020] The multi-component nitride ceramic composite material comprises: 10 at% of Ti, Zr, Hf, V and Nb, and 50 at% of N; 316L stainless steel is used as a metal base phase; and the preparation method comprises: mixing multi-component nitride ceramic powder with 316L stainless steel powder → hot pressing and sintering. Specific embodiment three:

[0022] The composition of the multi-element boride ceramic material is: 10 at% of Ti, Zr, Hf, Cr and Mo, and 50 at% of B; the synthesis method is: hot pressing method → ​​spark plasma sintering.

[0023] The present invention provides a multi-element ceramic and a multi-element ceramic composite material, (1) high entropy effect: the mixing of multiple metal elements increases the mixing entropy of the material, produces lattice distortion, and hinders dislocation movement, thereby improving the strength and hardness of the material. At the same time, the high entropy effect can also inhibit grain boundary sliding and improve the high-temperature stability of the material; (2) excellent mechanical properties: compared with traditional ceramic materials, the multi-element ceramic and the multi-element ceramic composite material of the present invention have significantly improved mechanical properties such as compressive strength, flexural strength, fracture toughness, and hardness; (3) good high-temperature stability: the multi-element ceramic and the multi-element ceramic composite material of the present invention exhibit excellent oxidation resistance, creep resistance, and dimensional stability at high temperatures, and can work stably for a long time in harsh environments; (4) broad application prospects: the multi-element ceramic and the multi-element ceramic composite material of the present invention can be widely used in aerospace, energy, national defense, automobiles, biomedicine and other fields, for example, used as turbine blades, high-temperature bearings, cutting tools, protective armor, artificial joints, etc.

[0024] The present invention discloses a multi-element ceramic and a multi-element ceramic composite material, which adopts the design concept of high entropy alloy and effectively improves the mechanical properties and high-temperature stability of the material by mixing a variety of metal and non-metal elements.

[0025] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-element ceramic material, characterized in that: It includes a multi-metal compound formed by 4 to 10 metal elements and two or more non-metal elements, wherein the non-metal elements are selected from B, C, N, and O metal elements, and the formed multi-metal compound is two or more of multi-metal borides, multi-metal carbides, multi-metal nitrides, and multi-metal oxides. The 4 to 10 metal elements include the following three types of metal elements, namely transition metal elements, rare earth metal elements, and other metal elements. The ratio of the total content A of metal elements to the total content B of non-metal elements is between 1:2 and 2:

1.

2. A multi-element ceramic material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transition metal element is selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu metal elements; the rare earth metal element is selected from Y, La, and Ce metal elements; and the other metal elements are selected from Al and Mg metal elements.

3. A multi-element ceramic material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-metal compound is synthesized by a physical method or a chemical method. The physical method is selected from mechanical metallurgy, sintering, spark plasma sintering, hot pressing, hot isostatic pressing or direct heating remelting; the chemical method is selected from reactive magnetron sputtering, sol-gel method, coprecipitation method, nitrate solution method, and high-temperature self-propagating synthesis.

4. A multi-component ceramic composite material, characterized in that: It includes multi-element ceramic materials and other metal or non-metal materials. Other metal materials are selected from high entropy alloys, stainless steel, titanium alloys, and aluminum alloys; non-metal materials are selected from carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber, alumina fiber, and polymers.

5. The multi-component ceramic-ceramic composite material according to claim 4, characterized in that: The multi-element ceramic material and other metal or non-metal materials are prepared by combining an in-situ generation method, a melt infiltration method, a powder metallurgy method, hot pressing sintering, a spark plasma sintering method and an active hot isostatic pressing method.