A green and efficient compound fertilizer for tea and its production method
By designing green and efficient composite fertilizers for tea, the problem of inconsistent nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of tea trees and the lack of trace elements is solved, and tea yield and quality improvements, soil nutrition are achieved, and the risk of nitrogen loss is reduced.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411965958.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-04
AI Technical Summary
The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required by tea trees is huge, resulting in serious loss of nitrogen fertilizer, low tea yield and quality, and lack of trace elements in the soil.
A green and efficient compound fertilizer specially designed for tea is designed, containing ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, magnesium fertilizer, boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and biostimulating hormone. Through specific ratios and process flows, the tea tree needs for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and medium trace elements are ensured.
By optimizing the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio, the root growth of tea trees is promoted, and the yield and quality of tea leaves are improved; by adding medium trace elements, the soil nutrition status is improved, and the tea trees are enhanced to resist cold, drought and disease; at the same time, through the addition of biostimulants, the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer is improved and nitrogen loss is reduced.
Smart Images
Figure CN119751151A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of compound fertilizer production methods, in particular to a green and efficient compound fertilizer special for tea and a production method thereof. Background Art
[0002] Tea is an important cash crop in my country. By the end of 2022, the national tea plantation area will reach 50 million mu. Scientific fertilization of tea is crucial to the green and high-quality development of the tea industry; however, surveys show that the compound fertilizers commonly used by tea farmers are mainly general compound fertilizers such as 15-15-15, which are very different from the scientific nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio (2-4): 1:1 required by tea trees; optimizing the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of tea-specific compound fertilizers is crucial to improving the efficiency of fertilizer application;
[0003] At present, the nitrogen types in compound fertilizers applied to tea are mainly ammonium nitrogen and amide nitrogen. More than 30% of nitrogen fertilizers in tea gardens are lost to the environment. An appropriate amount of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer can promote crop root growth and nutrient absorption. Currently, biostimulants such as polyaspartic acid, polyglutamic acid, alginic acid, and humic acid are used to promote biological growth and improve fertilizer efficiency. The role of biostimulant addition in promoting nitrogen absorption, enhancing nitrogen fertilizer utilization, and reducing nitrogen loss has received widespread attention.
[0004] At present, the deficiency of medium and trace elements such as magnesium, boron, and zinc in the soil of major tea-producing areas in China is as high as 60%, resulting in low yield, low quality, and low efficiency of tea. Adding a small amount of medium and trace elements is important for promoting the production of tea trees, enhancing the cold, drought, and disease resistance of tea trees, and achieving increased production, quality, and income of tea. Therefore, we propose a green and efficient compound fertilizer for tea and its production method. Summary of the invention
[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a green and efficient compound fertilizer specially used for tea and a production method thereof, so as to solve the problems raised in the background technology.
[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a green and efficient compound fertilizer for tea, characterized in that it comprises the following raw material weight components:
[0007] 50-70 parts of ammonium nitrate, 10-20 parts of ammonium phosphate, 10-20 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.1-10 parts of magnesium fertilizer, 0.01-0.2 parts of boron fertilizer, 0.01-0.1 parts of zinc fertilizer, and 0.01-0.2 parts of biostimulant.
[0008] The present invention also relates to a method for producing a green and efficient compound fertilizer specifically for tea, comprising the following steps:
[0009] Step 1: feeding ammonium nitrate, medium and trace elements and biostimulants into a primary mixing tank, stirring the above materials in the primary mixing tank, heating at a pressure of 0.5 to 1.5 MPa and a temperature of 50 to 70° C. for 10 to 30 minutes, and then feeding the uniformly mixed slurry to a secondary mixing tank;
[0010] Step 2: Add ammonium phosphate into the secondary mixing tank and stir, heat at a pressure of 0.5-1.5 MPa and a temperature of 140-170° C. for 10-30 minutes, and then send the mixed slurry to the tertiary mixing tank;
[0011] Step three: adding potassium sulfate into a tertiary mixing tank, and then stirring in the tertiary mixing tank, heating at a pressure of 0.5-1.5 MPa and a temperature of 140-170°C for 10-30 minutes, and then spraying the molten slurry into a high tower through a nozzle, wherein a granulation nozzle is arranged at the top of the high tower, and the molten slurry is sprayed out through the granulation nozzle at the top of the granulation tower. During the falling process of the molten slurry, it encounters rising cold air and condenses, completing granulation to form compound fertilizer particles with a certain strength, and the particle size is 1.00 mm to 5.60 mm, and then further cooled to obtain a special compound fertilizer product for tea.
[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a gas ammonia inlet is provided on the slurry conveying pipeline between the tertiary mixing tank and the granulator, and 0.2-0.4 MPa of gas ammonia is introduced to adjust the pH value of the slurry prepared in step 5 to 4.5-6.0.
[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the particles are cooled by a cooling system, usually using a drum cooler or a refrigerant cooling system, and the temperature before product packaging is usually controlled below 30°C.
[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ammonium phosphate is monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate, and the ammonium nitrate is an ammonium nitrate solution concentrated to more than 98%.
[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the potassium sulfate is agricultural potassium sulfate.
[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the trace elements are magnesium fertilizer, boron fertilizer, and zinc fertilizer. The magnesium fertilizer is magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, magnesium sulfate monohydrate, or anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The boron fertilizer is borax or boric acid. The zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate monohydrate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, or anhydrous zinc sulfate.
[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the biostimulant is polyaspartic acid, polyglutamic acid, alginic acid or humic acid.
[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0019] The green and efficient compound fertilizer for tea and its production method of the technical solution of the present application are designed according to the annual nutrient demand law of tea, the soil nutrient supply status, the climate characteristics of rain and heat at the same time, and the fertilization habits of tea farmers. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of the compound fertilizer adopts total control and constant monitoring technology to ensure the most suitable nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio for tea trees; nitrogen form regulation, using part of nitrate nitrogen to replace ammonium nitrogen, promote the growth of tea tree roots, and improve the yield and quality of tea; the method of supplementing the deficiency of trace elements, adding trace elements to promote the growth of tea trees; optimizing fertilizer technology, improving solubility, reducing fertilizer volatilization loss, and adding biostimulants according to the climate conditions of rain and heat at the same time in tea producing areas, improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency, preventing nitrogen loss, and reducing environmental risks;
[0020] It can achieve the purpose of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer input in tea gardens, reducing the loss of active nitrogen in fertilizers, improving fertilizer utilization efficiency, increasing tea yield and quality, improving trace element deficiency in tea garden soil, and increasing the agricultural output value of tea production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:
[0022] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a green and efficient compound fertilizer specially used for tea and a production method thereof. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution: a green and efficient compound fertilizer for tea, comprising the following components:
[0024] 50-70 parts of ammonium nitrate, 10-20 parts of ammonium phosphate, 10-20 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.1-10 parts of magnesium fertilizer, 0.01-0.2 parts of boron fertilizer, 0.01-0.1 parts of zinc fertilizer, and 0.01-0.2 parts of biostimulant.
[0025] A method for producing a green and efficient compound fertilizer for tea, as follows:
[0026] Step 1: feeding ammonium nitrate, medium and trace elements and biostimulants into a primary mixing tank, stirring the above materials in the primary mixing tank, heating at a pressure of 0.5 to 1.5 MPa and a temperature of 50 to 70° C. for 10 to 30 minutes, and then feeding the uniformly mixed slurry to a secondary mixing tank;
[0027] Step 2: Add ammonium phosphate into the secondary mixing tank and stir, heat at a pressure of 0.5-1.5 MPa and a temperature of 140-170° C. for 10-30 minutes, and then send the mixed slurry to the tertiary mixing tank;
[0028] Step three: adding potassium sulfate into a tertiary mixing tank, and then stirring in the tertiary mixing tank, heating at a pressure of 0.5-1.5 MPa and a temperature of 140-170°C for 10-30 minutes, and then spraying the molten slurry into a high tower through a nozzle, wherein a granulation nozzle is arranged at the top of the high tower, and the molten slurry is sprayed out through the granulation nozzle at the top of the granulation tower. During the falling process of the molten slurry, it encounters rising cold air and condenses, completing granulation to form compound fertilizer particles with a certain strength, and the particle size is 1.00 mm to 5.60 mm, and then further cooled to obtain a special compound fertilizer product for tea.
[0029] A gas ammonia inlet is set on the slurry conveying pipeline between the tertiary mixing tank and the granulator, and 0.2-0.4 MPa of gas ammonia is introduced to adjust the pH value of the slurry prepared in step 5 to 4.5-6.0.
[0030] The pellets are cooled by a cooling system, usually using a drum cooler or a refrigerant cooling system, and the temperature before product packaging is usually controlled below 30°C.
[0031] The ammonium phosphate is monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate, the ammonium nitrate is an ammonium nitrate solution concentrated to more than 98%, the potassium sulfate is agricultural potassium sulfate, the trace elements are magnesium fertilizer, boron fertilizer, and zinc fertilizer, the magnesium fertilizer is magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, magnesium sulfate monohydrate or anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the boron fertilizer is borax or boric acid, the zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate monohydrate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate or anhydrous zinc sulfate, and the biostimulant is polyaspartic acid, polyglutamic acid, alginic acid or humic acid.
[0032] Embodiment 1:
[0033] Provided is a special compound fertilizer for tea, specifically comprising N component, P2O5 component, K2O component, Mg component, B component, Zn component and polyglutamic acid component, wherein the nutrient content of N is 20%, the nutrient content of P2O5 is 10%, the nutrient content of K2O is 10%, the nutrient content of Mg is 1%, the nutrient content of B and Zn is 0.02% each, and the content of polyglutamic acid is 0.1%. The tea garden is fertilized twice a year, in December and May respectively, with 40kg / mu of fertilizer applied each time, and the application method is to evenly spread it between the rows of tea trees.
[0034] Embodiment 2:
[0035] Provided is a special compound fertilizer for tea, which specifically comprises an N component, a P2O5 component, a K2O component, medium and trace elements Mg, B, Zn and a biostimulant polyglutamic acid, wherein the nutrient content of N is 22%, the nutrient content of P2O5 is 8%, the nutrient content of K2O is 10%, the nutrient content of Mg is 1%, the nutrient content of B and Zn is 0.02%, and the content of polyglutamic acid is 0.05%.
[0036] Specifically, the specific raw materials of the N component, P2O5 component, K2O component, Mg component, B component, Zn component and polyglutamic acid component are similar to those in Example 1.
[0037] The tea garden is fertilized twice a year, in December and May respectively, with 40kg / mu of fertilizer applied each time, and the application method is to spread it evenly between the rows of tea trees.
[0038] Embodiment 3:
[0039] Provided is a special compound fertilizer for tea, which specifically comprises an N component, a P2O5 component, a K2O component, medium and trace elements Mg, B, Zn and a biostimulant alginate, wherein the nutrient content of N is 24%, the nutrient content of P2O5 is 7%, the nutrient content of K2O is 9%, the nutrient content of Mg is 1%, the nutrient content of B and Zn is 0.02%, and the content of alginate is 0.02%.
[0040] Specifically, the specific raw materials of the N component, P2O5 component, K2O component, Mg component, B component and Zn component are similar to those in Example 1.
[0041] Specifically, the biostimulant component is made of alginic acid as raw material.
[0042] The tea garden is fertilized twice a year, in December and May respectively, with 40kg / mu of fertilizer applied each time, and the application method is to spread it evenly between the rows of tea trees.
[0043] Comparative Example 1:
[0044] A conventional fertilization method for tea is provided, specifically, a compound fertilizer with a weight ratio of N-P2O5-K2O of 15-15-15 is applied, and no trace elements and biostimulants are added.
[0045] Fertilize twice a year, in December and May respectively, each time with 50kg / mu of fertilizer applied evenly between the rows of tea trees.
[0046] Comparative Example 2:
[0047] Provided is a method for applying compound fertilizers, specifically, applying compound fertilizers and urea in which the weight ratio of N-P2O5-K2O in the fertilizers is 15-15-15, without adding trace elements and biostimulants.
[0048] Specifically, the compound fertilizer is a mixture of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer and urea, wherein the weight of the 15-15-15 compound fertilizer accounts for 75.5% and the weight of the urea accounts for 24.5%.
[0049] The specific fertilizer application amount, fertilization method and application amount are similar to those in Example 1.
[0050] Comparative Example 3:
[0051] Provided is a method for applying a compound fertilizer, specifically, applying a compound fertilizer and urea in which the weight ratio of N-P2O5-K2O in the fertilizer is 15-15-15, adding Mg, B and Zn, and not adding biostimulants.
[0052] Specifically, the compound fertilizer is a mixture of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, urea, magnesium sulfate monohydrate, borax, and zinc sulfate heptahydrate, wherein the weight of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer accounts for 71.2%, the weight of urea accounts for 22.7%, the weight of magnesium sulfate monohydrate accounts for 5.8%, the weight of borax accounts for 0.2%, and the weight of zinc sulfate heptahydrate accounts for 0.1%.
[0053] The specific fertilizer application amount, fertilization method and application amount are similar to those in Example 1.
[0054] Comparative Example 4:
[0055] Provided is a method for applying compound fertilizers, specifically, applying compound fertilizers and urea in which the weight ratio of N-P2O5-K2O in the fertilizers is 15-15-15, without adding medium and trace elements, and adding a biostimulant polyglutamic acid.
[0056] Specifically, the compound fertilizer is a mixture of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, urea and polyglutamic acid, wherein the weight of the 15-15-15 compound fertilizer accounts for 75.5%, the weight of urea accounts for 24.4%, and the weight of polyglutamic acid accounts for 0.1%.
[0057] The specific fertilizer application amount, fertilization method and application amount are similar to those in Example 1.
[0058] In order to verify the effect of compound fertilizer, a special compound fertilizer for tea was tested for two consecutive years. The test was a randomized block test with a total of 7 groups, each with an area of 100m 2 .
[0059] Results and Analysis
[0060] 1. Impact of tea production
[0061] As shown in Table 1 below, by comparing the field yield data for two years, it can be obtained that in the first year of the experimental arrangement, the green tea yield of the special compound fertilizer for tea produced by the method of the present application increased by nearly 26.2% per mu on average compared with all other fertilization methods including traditional fertilization, with a significant difference; in the second year, the tea yield of the special compound fertilizer for tea produced by the method of the present application increased by about 18.4% compared with the yield of all other methods; the results show that the application of the special compound fertilizer for tea of the present invention can effectively promote the increase of tea production.
[0062] Table 1 Effects of different treatments on tea yield
[0063]
[0064] 2. Influence of tea quality
[0065] As shown in Table 2 below, through the analysis of tea quality in the first year, it can be obtained that, compared with all other fertilization methods including traditional fertilization, the special compound fertilizer for tea produced by the method of the present application has significantly increased the amino acid content of spring tea by 15.2%, and the amino acid content of summer and autumn tea by 16.6%, and the fresh taste of tea is increased; compared with all other fertilization methods including traditional fertilization, the special compound fertilizer for tea produced by the method of the present application has significantly reduced the caffeine content of spring tea by 8.8%, and the bitter taste of tea is reduced; the tea polyphenol content of tea in the special compound fertilizer for tea produced by the method of the present application is increased compared with all other fertilizer methods, and the increases are 23.4% and 8.6% respectively, and the antioxidant capacity of tea is improved; the results show that the application of the special compound fertilizer for tea of the present invention can effectively improve the quality of tea.
[0066] Table 2 Effects of different treatments on tea quality
[0067]
[0068] 3. Impact of fertilizer utilization rate
[0069] As shown in Table 3 below, by comparing the partial productivity of fertilizers for two years, it can be found that in the first year of the experimental arrangement, the partial productivity of the special compound fertilizer for tea produced by the method of the present application was increased by an average of 35.2% compared with all other fertilization methods including traditional fertilization, with a significant difference; in the second year, the partial productivity of the special compound fertilizer for tea produced by the method of the present application was increased by about 27.4% compared with the partial productivity of fertilizers in all other methods; the results show that the application of the special compound fertilizer for tea of the present invention can effectively promote the improvement of fertility utilization rate.
[0070] Table 3 Effects of different treatments on fertilizer partial productivity
[0071]
[0072]
[0073] PFP = production / (N+P2O5+K2O)
[0074] From the above analysis, it can be seen that the green and efficient special fertilizer for tea and the production method thereof of the present invention can meet the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrient requirements and medium and trace element requirements of tea tree growth. Part of the nitrate nitrogen acts as a signal substance to promote the growth of the root system of tea trees and improve the quality of tea leaves. Adding a nitrogen enhancer can achieve long-term slow release and improve fertilizer efficiency.
Claims
1. A green and efficient compound fertilizer for tea, characterized in that: The raw material weight components include the following: 50-70 parts of ammonium nitrate, 10-20 parts of ammonium phosphate, 10-20 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.1-10 parts of magnesium fertilizer, 0.01-0.2 parts of boron fertilizer, 0.01-0.1 parts of zinc fertilizer, and 0.01-0.2 parts of biostimulant.
2. The method for producing a green and efficient compound fertilizer for tea according to claim 1, which is applicable to the green and efficient compound fertilizer for tea according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: feeding ammonium nitrate, medium and trace elements and biostimulants into a primary mixing tank, stirring the above materials in the primary mixing tank, heating at a pressure of 0.5 to 1.5 MPa and a temperature of 50 to 70° C. for 10 to 30 minutes, and then feeding the uniformly mixed slurry to a secondary mixing tank; Step 2: Add ammonium phosphate into the secondary mixing tank and stir, heat at a pressure of 0.5-1.5 MPa and a temperature of 140-170° C. for 10-30 minutes, and then send the mixed slurry to the tertiary mixing tank; Step three: adding potassium sulfate into a tertiary mixing tank, and then stirring in the tertiary mixing tank, heating at a pressure of 0.5-1.5 MPa and a temperature of 140-170°C for 10-30 minutes, and then spraying the molten slurry into a high tower through a nozzle, wherein a granulation nozzle is arranged at the top of the high tower, and the molten slurry is sprayed out through the granulation nozzle at the top of the granulation tower. During the falling process of the molten slurry, it encounters rising cold air and condenses, completing granulation to form compound fertilizer particles with a certain strength, and the particle size is 1.00 mm to 5.60 mm, and then further cooled to obtain a special compound fertilizer product for tea.
3. The method for producing a green and efficient compound fertilizer for tea according to claim 2, characterized in that: A gas ammonia inlet is set on the slurry conveying pipeline between the tertiary mixing tank and the granulator, and 0.2-0.4 MPa of gas ammonia is introduced to adjust the pH value of the slurry prepared in step 5 to 4.5-6.
0.
4. The method for producing a green and efficient compound fertilizer for tea according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pellets are cooled by a cooling system, usually using a drum cooler or a refrigerant cooling system, and the temperature before product packaging is usually controlled below 30°C.
5. The method for producing a green and efficient compound fertilizer for tea according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ammonium phosphate is monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate, and the ammonium nitrate is an ammonium nitrate solution concentrated to more than 98%.
6. The method for producing a green and efficient compound fertilizer for tea according to claim 2, characterized in that: The potassium sulfate is agricultural potassium sulfate.
7. The method for producing a green and efficient compound fertilizer for tea according to claim 2, characterized in that: The trace elements are magnesium fertilizer, boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer. The magnesium fertilizer is magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, magnesium sulfate monohydrate or anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The boron fertilizer is borax or boric acid. The zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate monohydrate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate or anhydrous zinc sulfate.
8. The method for producing a green and efficient compound fertilizer for tea according to claim 2, characterized in that: The biostimulant is polyaspartic acid, polyglutamic acid, alginic acid or humic acid.