Application of mitochondrial GPAT1 gene and mitochondrial GPAT2 gene in regulating plant cuticle thickness
By inhibiting the expression of mitochondrial GPAT1 and GPAT2 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, the thickness of the cuticle and the number of trichomes were regulated, solving the problem that cuticle synthesis and trichome development had not been reported before. This enabled the cultivation of plants with thin cuticles and low trichomes, and improved drought resistance and water metabolism.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510128805.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-02
- Estimated Expiration
- 2045-02-05
AI Technical Summary
In the existing technology, it has not been reported whether mitochondrial GPAT participates in keratin synthesis or regulates trichome development, and there is a lack of effective means to regulate keratin thickness and trichome number.
By inhibiting the expression of mitochondrial GPAT1 and GPAT2 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, the thickness of the plant cuticle and the number of trichomes are reduced, thereby achieving regulation of the cuticle and trichomes.
This study successfully reduced the cuticle thickness of Arabidopsis thaliana, decreased the number of trichomes, improved the plant's drought resistance and water metabolism capacity, and provided a new approach to plant variety breeding.
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Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the field of genetic engineering, in particular to the application of mitochondrial GPAT1 gene and mitochondrial GPAT2 gene in regulating the thickness of plant cuticle. BACKGROUND
[0002] The cuticle is composed of cutin, waxes and some polysaccharide molecules that penetrate the cell wall of the epidermis, forming a diffusion barrier that covers almost all surfaces of higher plants in contact with the air, building a barrier between plants and the environment (Jung et al. 2006; Duo et al. 2024). The cuticle not only plays a crucial role in plant development (such as organ development, seed germination activity, etc.), but also protects plants from stress (transpiration, high temperature, radiation, ultraviolet radiation and herbivory) (Ingram and Nawrath, 2017; Camoirano et al. 2020; González-Valenzuela et al. 2023; Wang et al. 2024).
[0003] Trichomes are hair-like organs derived from the proliferation of epidermal cells that undergo cell division, differentiation and growth to produce tissues extending from the surface of the epidermis. It has also been shown that trichomes can protect plants from biotic and abiotic stress (Han et al. 2022). There is an interaction between trichome development and cuticle formation (Chalvin et al. 2020; Berhin et al. 2022). They have a variety of biological functions, including helping plants resist herbivory, ultraviolet radiation and water loss. Depending on the function in a particular species, the density and morphology of trichomes exhibit a variety of structural adaptations. In addition, trichomes can exhibit physiological adaptations, producing special metabolites or playing a role in plant detoxification by accumulating toxic ingredients (Hülskamp et al. 2019).
[0004] In recent years, many studies have been conducted to reveal the process of cutin biosynthesis, such as the ABCG family (Elejalde-Palmett et al. 2021), β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KSC) (Huang et al. 2023). However, whether mitochondria GPAT is involved in cutin synthesis and whether it regulates the development of trichomes has not been reported. SUMMARY
[0005] The application provides application of a mitochondrial GPAT1 gene and a mitochondrial GPAT2 gene in regulating the thickness of a plant cuticle, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
[0006] To achieve the above object, the application provides the following scheme.
[0007] The application provides application of a mitochondrial GPAT1 gene and a mitochondrial GPAT2 gene in regulating the thickness of a plant cuticle.
[0008] Further preferably, the plant is Arabidopsis.
[0009] As an additional scheme, the mitochondrial GPAT1 gene has a sequence number of AT1G06520 in TAIR (The Arabidopsis Information Resource), and the mitochondrial GPAT2 gene has a sequence number of AT1G02390 in TAIR.
[0010] The application provides a method for reducing the thickness of a plant cuticle, which comprises the step of inhibiting the expression amount of a mitochondrial GPAT1 gene and a mitochondrial GPAT2 gene in the plant.
[0011] Further preferably, the plant is Arabidopsis.
[0012] The application provides application of a mitochondrial GPAT1 gene and a mitochondrial GPAT2 gene in culturing a transgenic plant with a thin cuticle.
[0013] Further preferably, the plant is Arabidopsis.
[0014] As an additional scheme, the application provides a method for culturing a transgenic plant with a thin cuticle, which comprises the step of inhibiting the expression amount of a mitochondrial GPAT1 gene and a mitochondrial GPAT2 gene in the plant, so as to obtain the transgenic plant with a thin cuticle.
[0015] Further preferably, the plant is Arabidopsis.
[0016] The application provides application of a mitochondrial GPAT1 gene and a mitochondrial GPAT2 gene in regulating the number of trichomes of a plant.
[0017] Further preferably, the plant is Arabidopsis.
[0018] The application provides a method for reducing the number of trichomes of a plant, which comprises the step of inhibiting the expression amount of a mitochondrial GPAT1 gene and a mitochondrial GPAT2 gene in the plant.
[0019] Further preferably, the plant is Arabidopsis thaliana.
[0020] The application provides application of the mitochondrial GPAT1 gene and the mitochondrial GPAT2 gene in culturing a transgenic plant with different density trichomes.
[0021] Further preferably, the plant is Arabidopsis thaliana.
[0022] As an additional solution, the application provides a method for culturing a transgenic plant with low density trichomes, comprising the step of inhibiting expression of the mitochondrial GPAT1 gene and the mitochondrial GPAT2 gene in the plant, so as to obtain the transgenic plant with low density trichomes.
[0023] Further preferably, the plant is Arabidopsis thaliana.
[0024] The application provides application of the mitochondrial GPAT1 gene and the mitochondrial GPAT2 gene in regulating drought tolerance of a plant.
[0025] Further preferably, the plant is Arabidopsis thaliana.
[0026] The application provides a method for improving drought tolerance of a plant, comprising the step of inhibiting expression of the mitochondrial GPAT1 gene and the mitochondrial GPAT2 gene in the plant.
[0027] Further preferably, the plant is Arabidopsis thaliana.
[0028] The application provides application of the mitochondrial GPAT1 gene and the mitochondrial GPAT2 gene in breeding a transgenic plant with drought tolerance.
[0029] Further preferably, the plant is Arabidopsis thaliana.
[0030] As an additional solution, the application provides a method for breeding a transgenic plant with drought tolerance, comprising the step of inhibiting expression of the mitochondrial GPAT1 gene and the mitochondrial GPAT2 gene in the plant, so as to obtain the transgenic plant with drought tolerance.
[0031] Further preferably, the plant is Arabidopsis thaliana.
[0032] The application provides application of the mitochondrial GPAT1 gene and the mitochondrial GPAT2 gene in breeding a transgenic plant with drought tolerance.
[0033] Further preferably, the plant is Arabidopsis thaliana.
[0034] The application discloses the following technical effects:
[0035] The application first discovers that the mitochondrial GPAT1 gene and the mitochondrial GPAT2 gene have the functions of regulating the cuticle thickness, the trichome number, the water metabolism and the drought resistance of plants. The results of the specific embodiments of the application show that the double mutant gpat1 gpat2 of Arabidopsis has higher permeability than the wild type Arabidopsis, which means that the cuticle of the double mutant gpat1 gpat2 of Arabidopsis is damaged, and it is proved that the mitochondrial GPAT1 gene and the mitochondrial GPAT2 gene are involved in the synthesis of plant cutin, the development of trichomes and the water metabolism. When the mitochondrial GPAT1 gene and the mitochondrial GPAT2 gene are deleted, the synthesis of cutin monomers is blocked, so that the cuticle of the double mutant gpat1 gpat2 of Arabidopsis is thinner than that of the wild type Arabidopsis, the structure of the cuticle is damaged, the development of trichomes is blocked, and the water loss rate of the double mutant gpat1 gpat2 of Arabidopsis seedlings is lower than that of the wild type Arabidopsis. Therefore, the mitochondrial GPAT1 gene and the mitochondrial GPAT2 gene can be used to regulate the cuticle thickness, the trichome number, the water metabolism and the drought resistance of plants, and can be used to cultivate new transgenic plants, thereby providing a new way for the cultivation of new plant varieties. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without creative labor.
[0037] Figure 1A, 6-day-old, Arabidopsis wild type, Arabidopsis mutant gpat1, Arabidopsis mutant gpat2, Arabidopsis complementation line GPAT1::gpat1 gpat2 and Arabidopsis complementation line GPAT2::gpat1 gpat2 cotyledons were placed on the water surface to float; wherein gpat1 is Arabidopsis mutant gpat1, gpat2 is Arabidopsis mutant gpat2, GPAT1::gpat1 gpat2 is Arabidopsis complementation line GPAT1::gpat1 gpat2, and GPAT2::gpat1 gpat2 is Arabidopsis complementation line GPAT2::gpat1 gpat2;
[0038] Figure 2 A, 6-day-old, Arabidopsis wild type, Arabidopsis mutant gpat1, Arabidopsis mutant gpat2, Arabidopsis complementation line GPAT1::gpat1 gpat2 and Arabidopsis complementation line GPAT2::gpat1 gpat2 cotyledons were placed on the water surface to float; wherein gpat1 is Arabidopsis mutant gpat1, gpat2 is Arabidopsis mutant gpat2, GPAT1::gpat1 gpat2 is Arabidopsis complementation line GPAT1::gpat1 gpat2, and GPAT2::gpat1 gpat2 is Arabidopsis complementation line GPAT2::gpat1 gpat2;
[0039] Figure 3Mitochondrial GPAT1 and GPAT2 genes are involved in trichome development; wherein, A is wild type Arabidopsis 6-day-old seedlings, scale = 500 μm; B and C are Arabidopsis double mutant gpat1 gpat2 6-day-old seedlings, scale = 500 μm; D and E are flowers of wild type Arabidopsis and Arabidopsis double mutant gpat1 gpat2, all pictures are taken by super-zoom stereo microscope, n represents the total number of flowers, scale = 500 μm, white arrow is trichome; F and G are stems of wild type Arabidopsis and Arabidopsis double mutant gpat1 gpat2, N represents the representative phenotype shown in the image, scale = 500 μm; WT is wild type Arabidopsis, gpat1 gpat2 is Arabidopsis double mutant gpat1 gpat2;
[0040] Figure 4 Mitochondrial GPAT1 and GPAT2 genes function loss destroys the cotyledon cuticle; wherein, A is the transmission electron microscope image of the adaxial surface of the cotyledon of wild type Arabidopsis and Arabidopsis double mutant gpat1 gpat2, CW is cell wall, black arrow indicates cuticle, scale = 200 nm; B is the quantitative analysis of the cuticle thickness of wild type Arabidopsis and Arabidopsis double mutant gpat1 gpat2, *** indicates P < 0.001; WT is wild type Arabidopsis, gpat1 gpat2 is Arabidopsis double mutant gpat1 gpat2;
[0041] Figure 5 Wild type Arabidopsis and Arabidopsis double mutant gpat1 gpat2 cotyledons are stained with FY088 and observed under laser confocal microscope, scale = 100 μm; WT is wild type Arabidopsis, gpat1 gpat2 is Arabidopsis double mutant gpat1 gpat2;
[0042] Figure 6 The results of the investigation of the content of cutin monomers; wherein, WT is wild type Arabidopsis, gpat1 gpat2 is Arabidopsis double mutant gpat1 gpat2;
[0043] Figure 7The results of the investigation of the sensitivity of wild-type Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis double mutant gpat1 gpat2, Arabidopsis complemented line GPAT1::gpat1 gpat2 and Arabidopsis complemented line GPAT2::gpat1 gpat2 to water loss are shown in Table 1. All data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of three biologically independent samples. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, *** indicates p<0.001. WT is wild-type Arabidopsis, gpat1 gpat2 is Arabidopsis double mutant gpat1 gpat2, GPAT1::gpat1 gpat2 is Arabidopsis complemented line GPAT1::gpat1 gpat2, and GPAT2::gpat1 gpat2 is Arabidopsis complemented line GPAT2::gpat1 gpat2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0044] Various exemplary embodiments of the present application will now be described in detail, with reference to the figures. The detailed description is not to be regarded as limiting the application, but rather as an exemplification of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the application.
[0045] It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. Additionally, the use of "including", "comprising", "having" and "with" are not intended to be limiting of the application. It is to be understood that the specific numerical ranges recited herein are meant to be specific examples only and are not intended to be limiting of the application. Each minimum and maximum numerical limit that is set forth in any statement of a range is included in the range. Each smaller range that falls within the broader range is also included in the application. The upper and lower limits of each smaller range can independently be included or excluded from the smaller range.
[0046] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. Although preferred methods and materials are described, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present application. All documents mentioned herein are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials in connection with which the documents are cited. In case of conflict between the present specification and any document incorporated by reference, the present specification will control.
[0047] Various modifications and changes can be made to the specific embodiments of the application described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the application. Other embodiments of the application will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art from the description and examples presented herein. The description and examples are illustrative of the application and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
[0048] As used herein, the terms "comprise", "comprising", "include", "including", "have", "having" or the like are open-ended and do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps.
[0049] Hairs and cuticle are important adaptive structures of the plant epidermis, which have protective functions. The cuticle provides a physical barrier that ensures controlled interaction between the plant and the environment. Understanding the synthesis of cutin is of great significance for the plant to resist external stress. In this application, it is found that Arabidopsis double mutant gpat1 gpat2 shows high permeability of the cuticle and defects in hair development; at the same time, the cell wall cuticle of Arabidopsis double mutant gpat1 gpat2 has changed in structure.
[0050] Example 1
[0051] 1、Plant material
[0052] Arabidopsis mutant gpat1 (Salk_052353) and Arabidopsis mutant gpat2 (Salk_064530C) are obtained from the Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center (ABRC) of Ohio State University; Arabidopsis double mutant gpat1 gpat2, Arabidopsis complemented line GPAT1::gpat1 gpat2 and Arabidopsis complemented line GPAT2::gpat1 gpat2 are disclosed in the literature Mitochondrial GPAT-derived LPA controls auxin-dependent embryonic and postembryonic development, which is committed to issue for 20 years.
[0053] 2、Plant material growth conditions
[0054] The seeds of the above plant materials and wild type Arabidopsis are germinated on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, and after two days of vernalization, they are transferred to a light incubator with light intensity of 160 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , day-night cycle of 14h / 10h (light for 14h, dark for 10h), temperature of 23℃ for 6 days. After that, the seedlings are transferred to soil under the same conditions for further culture.
[0055] 3、Investigation method
[0056] 3.1、Aniline blue staining
[0057] Six-day-old etiolated seedlings were stained with a toluidine blue (TB) solution for 1 min, and then the samples were immediately rinsed and washed under a stream of running water until the water stream was no longer visibly blue. The samples were photographed under a stereomicroscope (Leica M165FC, Leica). The same weight of samples was soaked in 75% ethanol for 2 h, and the optical density was measured at a wavelength of 626 nm using a microplate reader (TECAN). The toluidine blue solution consisted of 0.05% (w / v) toluidine blue and 0.4% (v / v) Tween-20.
[0058] 3.2. Fluorescent Yellow 088 (FY088) Staining
[0059] Six-day-old seedlings were soaked in a 0.01% (w / v) fluorescent yellow 088 solution (Macklin, China) for 5 min, and then observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope with an excitation wavelength of 488 nm and an emission wavelength of 500-550 nm (Zhang et al. 2024).
[0060] 3.3. Trichome Observation
[0061] Six-day-old seedlings, flowers, and stems were imaged under a super- depth-of-field stereomicroscope (Leica DVM6, Leica).
[0062] 3.4. Electron Microscopy Techniques
[0063] Leaf wax crystals were observed by freeze scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (HITACH S-3000, Japan). The rosette leaves of 20-day-old wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana and Arabidopsis thaliana double mutant gpat1 gpat2 were stuck on the conductive tape on the sample stage. The sample stage was then sent to the scanning electron microscope sample chamber with liquid nitrogen for observation. The cold stage temperature was -140°C, and the acceleration voltage was 5KV.
[0064] Cotyledon cuticles were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (HITACH HT7800, Japan). Specifically, the cotyledons of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana and Arabidopsis thaliana double mutant gpat1 gpat2 were fixed with 2.5% (w / v) glutaraldehyde in 0.2M PBS at 4°C for more than 2h. The samples were washed with 0.1M PBS three times and dehydrated through a series of gradient ethanol. Then, the cotyledons were embedded with epoxy resin and ultrathin sectioned. Finally, the samples were placed on copper grids, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and observed under a transmission electron microscope (80.0KV).
[0065] 3.5. Cutin Monomer Analysis
[0066] Six-day-old seedlings were collected for cutin monomer analysis. The experimental protocol followed the method described in the literature "ABCG transporters export cutin precursors for the formation of the plant cuticle" (Elejalde-Palmett et al. 2021). Five biological replicates were used for each sample.
[0067] 3.6 Analysis of Moisture Loss
[0068] Before measuring water loss, Arabidopsis seedlings were grown at 23°C for one week, and the water loss rate was calculated. The formula for calculating the water loss rate is: Water loss rate = (initial weight - weight at a certain time point) / initial weight × 100%.
[0069] 4. Data Analysis
[0070] Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25 software. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the means. Quantitative analysis of cell wall thickness was performed using ImageJ software.
[0071] 5. Results and Analysis
[0072] 5.1 Mitochondrial GPAT1 and GPAT2 genes are involved in plant cuticle development.
[0073] When the cotyledons of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana (WT) and the Arabidopsis thaliana double mutants gpat1 and gpat2 were placed on the surface of water, most of the wild-type cotyledons floated on the surface, while most of the cotyledons of the Arabidopsis thaliana double mutants gpat1 and gpat2 quickly sank to the bottom. Figure 1 A). Arabidopsis mutant gpat1, Arabidopsis mutant gpat2, Arabidopsis complement line GPAT1::gpat1 gpat2, and Arabidopsis complement line GPAT2::gpat1 gpat2 exhibited phenotypes similar to the wild type. Figure 2 This phenomenon indicates that the cuticle of the Arabidopsis double mutants gpat1 and gpat2 has been damaged, or that the density of the cotyledons in the Arabidopsis double mutants gpat1 and gpat2 has increased and is greater than the density of water.
[0074] To investigate the reasons behind this phenomenon, this example involved toluidine blue staining of etiolated seedlings of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana mutant gpat1, Arabidopsis thaliana mutant gpat2, Arabidopsis thaliana double mutant gpat1 gpat2, Arabidopsis thaliana replantation lines GPAT1::gpat1 gpat2, and Arabidopsis thaliana replantation lines GPAT2::gpat1 gpat2 grown on 1 / 2 MS medium for 5 days to detect the integrity of the cuticle. The results showed that the cotyledons of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana mutant gpat1, Arabidopsis thaliana mutant gpat2, Arabidopsis thaliana replantation lines GPAT1::gpat1 gpat2, and Arabidopsis thaliana replantation lines GPAT2::gpat1 gpat2 were not stained, while toluidine blue could penetrate Arabidopsis thaliana double mutant gpat1 gpat2, resulting in the entire cotyledon and hypocotyl appearing blue. Figure 1 The presence of B in the image indicates that the cuticle formation of the Arabidopsis double mutants gpat1 and gpat2 is weaker. After staining, cotyledons of equal weight were extracted with 75% ethanol for 2 hours, and the absorbance at A626 was measured using a spectrophotometer. The absorbance values of the Arabidopsis double mutants gpat1 and gpat2 were significantly higher than those of wild-type Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis mutant gpat1, Arabidopsis mutant gpat2, Arabidopsis complement line GPAT1::gpat1 gpat2, and Arabidopsis complement line GPAT2::gpat1 gpat2. Figure 1 (C in the text). These results indicate that the mitochondrial GPAT1 and GPAT2 genes are involved in keratinocyte development and have functional redundancy.
[0075] 5.2 Mitochondrial GPAT1 and GPAT2 genes are involved in trichome development.
[0076] This embodiment found that the trichome development of the Arabidopsis double mutants gpat1 and gpat2 is defective in multiple organs. Figure 3 Trichondria are also accessory structures of the cuticle. Trichondria on seedlings, flowers, and stems of wild-type Arabidopsis and the Arabidopsis double mutants gpat1 and gpat2 were observed under a stereomicroscope. Figure 3 As shown, wild-type Arabidopsis exhibits prominent trichomes on seedling leaves, flowers, and stems, while some individuals of the Arabidopsis double mutants gpat1 and gpat2 do not show trichomes. This indicates that the mitochondrial GPAT1 and GPAT2 genes can regulate the number of plant trichomes. Furthermore, the abnormal phenotypic proportions in leaves, flowers, and stems were 95.6%, 74.2%, and 18.3%, respectively.
[0077] 5.3 Changes in the cuticle structure of Arabidopsis double mutants gpat1 and gpat2
[0078] To analyze whether the mitochondrial GPAT1 and GPAT2 genes affect plant cork, this study used FY088 to stain the cotyledons and roots of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana mutant gpat1, Arabidopsis thaliana mutant gpat2, Arabidopsis thaliana double mutant gpat1gpat2, Arabidopsis thaliana replacement lines GPAT1::gpat1 gpat2, and Arabidopsis thaliana replacement lines GPAT2::gpat1 gpat2, and observed the cork under a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). For clearer observation of the epidermal structure, we used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe the leaves of 20-day-old wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana and Arabidopsis thaliana double mutant gpat1 gpat2, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to observe the cotyledons. The results showed that the cuticle of the cotyledons of Arabidopsis thaliana double mutant gpat1gpat2 was damaged. Specifically, the cuticle surface of the wild type is intact and smooth, while the cuticle surface of the Arabidopsis double mutant gpat1gpat2 is rougher and thinner than that of the wild type. Figure 4 (A and B in the original text). Figure 5 It can be seen that there is no significant difference in fluorescence intensity between wild-type Arabidopsis and the Arabidopsis double mutants gpat1 and gpat2, indicating that these two genes are not essential for the formation of cork.
[0079] 5.4. The content of cutin monomers in the Arabidopsis double mutants gpat1 and gpat2 is reduced.
[0080] To clarify whether the mitochondrial GPAT1 and GPAT2 genes are involved in keratin synthesis, this study measured the keratin monomer content in wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana and Arabidopsis thaliana double mutant gpat1 gpat2 seedlings using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the keratin monomer contents of 16:0, 18:1, and 18:2 ω-hydroxy acids and 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, and 18:2 dicarboxylic acids in both Arabidopsis thaliana and Arabidopsis thaliana double mutant gpat1 gpat2 seedlings were significantly decreased compared to wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana. Figure 6 ).
[0081] 5.5 Mitochondrial GPAT1 and GPAT2 genes maintain plant water balance
[0082] In order to explore whether the deletion of the mitochondrial GPAT1 gene and the mitochondrial GPAT2 gene affects the response of plants to water stress, the water loss of seedlings was determined in this embodiment. The results show that the water loss rate of the Arabidopsis thaliana double mutant gpat1 gpat2 seedlings is slower than that of the wild type Arabidopsis thaliana, the Arabidopsis thaliana complemented line GPAT1::gpat1 gpat2 and the Arabidopsis thaliana complemented line GPAT2::gpat1 gpat2 Figure 7 ), and the Arabidopsis thaliana double mutant gpat1 gpat2 can adapt to more drought conditions. Therefore, the mitochondrial GPAT1 gene and the mitochondrial GPAT2 gene can indeed improve the drought resistance of plants and can be used for cultivating drought-tolerant plants.
[0083] As can be seen from the above, the change of the cuticle layer leads to the imbalance of plant water metabolism, and the deletion of the mitochondrial GPAT1 gene and the mitochondrial GPAT2 gene leads to the blockage of the synthesis of cutin monomers, so that the cuticle layer of the Arabidopsis thaliana double mutant gpat1 gpat2 is thinner than that of the wild type Arabidopsis thaliana, and the purpose of regulating the drought resistance of plants can be achieved.
[0084] The above-described embodiments only describe the preferred modes of the present application and do not limit the scope of the present application. Without departing from the design spirit of the present application, various modifications and improvements to the technical solutions of the present application made by those skilled in the art shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present application.
Claims
1. The application of mitochondrial GPAT1 and mitochondrial GPAT2 genes in reducing the cuticle thickness of Arabidopsis thaliana, characterized in that, Knocking out the mitochondrial GPAT1 and mitochondrial GPAT2 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana can reduce the thickness of the cuticle in Arabidopsis thaliana.
2. A method for reducing the cuticle thickness of Arabidopsis thaliana, characterized in that, This includes the steps of knocking out the mitochondrial GPAT1 and mitochondrial GPAT2 genes in the Arabidopsis thaliana.
3. The application of mitochondrial GPAT1 and mitochondrial GPAT2 genes in the culture of Arabidopsis thaliana with thin cuticles, characterized in that... By knocking out the mitochondrial GPAT1 and mitochondrial GPAT2 genes in the Arabidopsis thaliana, thin-cuticled Arabidopsis thaliana was cultured.
4. The application of mitochondrial GPAT1 and mitochondrial GPAT2 genes in reducing the number of trichomes in Arabidopsis thaliana, characterized in that... Knocking out the mitochondrial GPAT1 and mitochondrial GPAT2 genes in the Arabidopsis thaliana reduces the number of trichomes.
5. A method for reducing the number of trichomes in Arabidopsis thaliana, characterized in that, This includes the steps of knocking out the mitochondrial GPAT1 and mitochondrial GPAT2 genes in the Arabidopsis thaliana.
6. The application of mitochondrial GPAT1 and mitochondrial GPAT2 genes in the culture of Arabidopsis thaliana with different densities of trichomes, characterized in that... By knocking out the mitochondrial GPAT1 and mitochondrial GPAT2 genes in the Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana with a reduced number of trichomes was cultured.
7. The application of mitochondrial GPAT1 and mitochondrial GPAT2 genes in reducing water metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana, characterized in that... Knocking out the mitochondrial GPAT1 and mitochondrial GPAT2 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana can reduce the rate of water loss in Arabidopsis thaliana.
8. The application of mitochondrial GPAT1 and mitochondrial GPAT2 genes in improving drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana, characterized in that... Drought resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana was improved by knocking out the mitochondrial GPAT1 and mitochondrial GPAT2 genes.
9. A method for improving the drought resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana, characterized in that, This includes the steps of knocking out the mitochondrial GPAT1 and mitochondrial GPAT2 genes in the Arabidopsis thaliana.
10. The application of mitochondrial GPAT1 and mitochondrial GPAT2 genes in the breeding of drought-resistant Arabidopsis thaliana, characterized in that, Drought-resistant Arabidopsis thaliana was obtained by knocking out the mitochondrial GPAT1 and mitochondrial GPAT2 genes in the Arabidopsis thaliana.