Aluminum alloy composite material for automobiles and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of vehicle parts, and specifically relates to an aluminum alloy composite material for vehicles, and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: after laying carbon fibers on the surface of a first prefabricated alloy plate, liquid gallium alloy is coated on the carbon fibers under an inert atmosphere, and after coating, a second prefabricated alloy plate is laid to obtain a composite prefabricated plate; wherein the raw material components of the first prefabricated alloy plate include silicon, boron, calcium, molybdenum and aluminum; the raw material components of the second prefabricated alloy plate include silicon, boron, calcium, molybdenum and aluminum; the composite prefabricated plate is subjected to composite treatment to obtain an aluminum alloy composite material for vehicles. The aluminum alloy composite material has excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The preparation method can make aluminum alloy and carbon fibers well compatible, and the obtained aluminum alloy composite material has excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of vehicle parts, and in particular relates to an aluminum alloy composite material for a vehicle, a preparation method thereof and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Lightweighting plays a key role in energy conservation and emission reduction in transportation vehicles. In recent years, lightweight materials have been widely used in the automotive field. Compared with traditional steel, aluminum alloy has low density, excellent corrosion resistance and is easy to recycle, so the application of aluminum alloy in automobiles has increased year by year. However, as a lightweight material, aluminum alloy, due to the characteristics of aluminum itself, the performance of aluminum alloy is improved by adding metal elements (such as iron, magnesium, copper, nickel, etc.) or non-metallic elements (such as silicon, boron, etc.) to aluminum alloy. This method of adding metals still cannot meet the high requirements of the rapidly developing automotive industry for aluminum performance.

[0003] At present, there is a method of combining carbon fiber and aluminum alloy to improve the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy. During the preparation, carbon fiber is added to the liquid molten alloy. This method will lead to at least the following two problems: First, the temperature of the liquid molten alloy is too high, and the carbon fiber is easy to react with the metal elements in the molten alloy and carbonize, affecting the effect of the product; second, the compatibility between the molten alloy and the carbon fiber is poor, resulting in the mechanical properties of the product failing to meet the requirements. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an aluminum alloy composite material for automobiles and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy composite material has good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The preparation method can make aluminum alloy and carbon fiber well compatible, and the obtained aluminum alloy composite material has good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a vehicle aluminum alloy composite material, comprising the following steps: After laying carbon fibers on the surface of the first prefabricated alloy plate, liquid gallium alloy is coated on the carbon fibers under an inert atmosphere, and after coating, a second prefabricated alloy plate is laid to obtain a composite prefabricated plate; wherein the raw material components of the first prefabricated alloy plate include silicon, boron, calcium, molybdenum and aluminum; and the raw material components of the second prefabricated alloy plate include silicon, boron, calcium, molybdenum and aluminum; The composite prefabricated plate is subjected to composite treatment to obtain an aluminum alloy composite material for a vehicle; The automotive aluminum alloy composite material comprises carbon fiber and an aluminum alloy supported by carbon fiber; the aluminum alloy is composed of the following raw material components in mass fraction: Silicon 2%~5%, boron 0.01%~0.03%, calcium 0.1%~0.2%, molybdenum 0.2%~0.4%, gallium alloy 0.6%~2%, the balance is aluminum and unavoidable impurities; In the gallium alloy, the mass fraction of gallium is 24% to 80%.

[0006] In some possible implementations, the gallium alloy includes at least one of a gallium-indium alloy, a gallium-indium-tin alloy, a gallium-bismuth alloy, a gallium-bismuth-tin alloy, a gallium-indium-bismuth alloy, and a gallium-indium-bismuth-tin alloy.

[0007] In some possible implementations, the composite processing step includes: First remelting: In an inert atmosphere, heat the composite prefabricated board to 120°C~180°C at a heating rate of 10°C / s~20°C / s, and keep it warm for 20min~30min; after keeping warm, cool it down to 0°C~10°C at a cooling rate of 10°C / s~20°C / s; First rough rolling: rough rolling the first remelted composite prefabricated plate; Second remelting: in an inert atmosphere, heating the composite prefabricated plate after the first rough rolling to 150°C~180°C at a heating rate of 25°C / s~30°C / s, and keeping the temperature for 30min~50min; after keeping the temperature, cooling the plate to 25°C~30°C at a cooling rate of 5°C / s~10°C / s; Second rough rolling: rough rolling the composite prefabricated plate after the second remelting; The composite prefabricated plate after the second rough rolling is subjected to finish rolling.

[0008] In some possible implementations, in the first rough rolling, the total reduction rate of the rough rolling is 30% to 50%.

[0009] In some possible implementations, in the second rough rolling, the total reduction ratio of the rough rolling is 40% to 50%.

[0010] In some possible implementations, the thickness of the first prefabricated alloy plate is 10 cm to 30 cm.

[0011] In some possible implementations, the thickness of the second prefabricated alloy plate is 10 cm to 30 cm.

[0012] In some possible implementations, the thickness of the carbon fiber is 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm.

[0013] In some possible implementations, preparing the first prefabricated alloy plate includes the following steps: After mixing silicon powder, boron powder, calcium particles, molybdenum flakes and aluminum powder, vacuum arc melting is performed under an inert atmosphere to obtain an ingot; Rolling the ingot to obtain the first prefabricated alloy plate; In some possible implementations, preparing the second prefabricated alloy plate includes the following steps: After mixing silicon powder, boron powder, calcium particles, molybdenum flakes and aluminum powder, vacuum arc melting is performed under an inert atmosphere to obtain an ingot; The ingot is rolled to obtain the second prefabricated alloy plate.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an automotive aluminum alloy composite material obtained by the preparation method of the above-mentioned automotive aluminum alloy composite material.

[0015] In a third aspect, the present invention provides an application of the automotive aluminum alloy composite material provided by the present invention in the field of automotive parts.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the automotive aluminum alloy composite material and the preparation method thereof provided by the present invention have at least the following beneficial technical effects: (1) The method for preparing the automotive aluminum alloy composite material provided by the present invention adopts the liquid low-melting-point metal to be coated on the carbon fiber, and utilizes the liquid properties to improve the wettability of the carbon fiber and the (first and second) prefabricated alloy plates, and remove the residual gas between the carbon fiber and the prefabricated alloy plates, thereby improving the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy composite material.

[0017] (2) The automotive aluminum alloy composite material provided by the present invention comprises carbon fiber combined with silicon, boron, calcium, molybdenum, gallium alloy and aluminum elements, so that the aluminum alloy composite material has excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present drawings or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present drawings. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a composite prefabricated panel in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1 - first prefabricated alloy plate, 2 - carbon fiber, 3 - second prefabricated alloy plate.

[0021] The purpose, features and advantages of this figure will be further described in conjunction with the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is described and illustrated in conjunction with the embodiments below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Based on the embodiments provided by the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Obviously, the following descriptions are only some examples or embodiments of the present invention, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, the present invention can also be applied to other similar scenarios without creative work. In addition, it can also be understood that although the efforts made in such a development process may be complex and lengthy, for those of ordinary skill in the art related to the contents disclosed in the present invention, some changes in design, manufacturing or production based on the technical contents disclosed in the present invention are just conventional technical means, and should not be understood as the contents disclosed in the present invention being insufficient.

[0024] However, unnecessary detailed descriptions may be omitted. For example, detailed descriptions of well-known matters and repeated descriptions of substantially the same structures may be omitted. This is to avoid the following description from becoming unnecessarily lengthy and to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art. In addition, the following description is provided for those skilled in the art to fully understand the present invention and is not intended to limit the subject matter described in the claims.

[0025] If not otherwise specified, all embodiments and optional embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other to form a new technical solution, and all technical features and optional technical features of the present invention may be combined with each other to form a new technical solution.

[0026] The following is a detailed description of an automotive aluminum alloy composite material and a preparation method thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] A first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a vehicle aluminum alloy composite material, comprising the following steps: S10. After laying carbon fibers on the surface of the first prefabricated alloy plate, in an inert atmosphere, coating the liquid gallium alloy on the carbon fibers, and laying the second prefabricated alloy plate after coating to obtain a composite prefabricated plate (such as Figure 1 As shown, wherein 1 is a first prefabricated alloy plate, 2 is carbon fiber, and 3 is a second prefabricated alloy plate); wherein the raw material components of the first prefabricated alloy plate 1 and / or the second prefabricated alloy plate 3 include silicon, boron, calcium, molybdenum and aluminum; S20. Compounding the composite prefabricated plate to obtain an automotive aluminum alloy composite material.

[0028] The automotive aluminum alloy composite material includes carbon fiber 2 and aluminum alloy supported by carbon fiber 2; the aluminum alloy is composed of the following raw material components in mass fraction: Silicon 2%~5%, boron 0.01%~0.03%, calcium 0.1%~0.2%, molybdenum 0.2%~0.4%, gallium alloy 0.6%~2%, the balance is aluminum and unavoidable impurities; In gallium alloys, the mass fraction of gallium is 24%~80%.

[0029] The method for preparing a composite material for automobile provided by an embodiment of the present invention uses a liquid low-melting-point metal to coat the carbon fiber 2, and utilizes the liquid characteristics to improve the wettability between the carbon fiber 2 and the (first and second) prefabricated alloy plates, and remove the residual gas between the carbon fiber 2 and the (first and second) prefabricated alloy plates, so that in the subsequent composite treatment process, the carbon fiber 2 and the aluminum alloy are not affected by the residual gas, thereby improving the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy composite material; and, since the melting point of the low-melting-point metal is low, during the composite treatment process, the composite material can be made at a relatively low temperature, thereby avoiding carbonization of the carbon fiber 2 due to high temperature. The composite material for automobile prepared by the method for preparing a composite material for automobile provided by this embodiment has excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The method for preparing a composite material for automobile provided by an embodiment of the present invention has mild preparation conditions and is easy to implement.

[0030] The melting point of gallium is approximately 29.76°C.

[0031] In some embodiments, the gallium alloy includes at least one of a gallium-indium alloy, a gallium-indium-tin alloy, a gallium-bismuth alloy, a gallium-bismuth-tin alloy, a gallium-indium-bismuth alloy, and a gallium-indium-bismuth-tin alloy.

[0032] In some embodiments, the gallium-indium alloy consists of the following components in mass fractions: 24%~80% gallium and 5%~76% indium.

[0033] In some embodiments, the gallium indium tin alloy consists of the following components in mass fractions: 60%~68.5% gallium, 20%~25% indium and 10%~15% tin.

[0034] In some embodiments, the gallium-bismuth alloy consists of the following components in mass fractions: 40%~70% gallium and 30%~60% bismuth.

[0035] In some embodiments, the gallium-bismuth-tin alloy consists of the following components in mass fractions: 50%~70% gallium, 20%~30% bismuth and 10%~20% tin.

[0036] In some embodiments, the gallium-indium-bismuth alloy consists of the following components in mass fractions: 40%~60% gallium, 25%~35% indium and 15%~25% bismuth.

[0037] In some embodiments, the gallium-indium-bismuth-tin alloy consists of the following components in mass fractions: 50%~60% gallium, 10%~20% indium, 10%~20% bismuth and 5%~10% tin.

[0038] In some embodiments, in the above step S10, preparing the first prefabricated alloy plate 1 comprises the following steps: S101. After mixing silicon powder, boron powder, calcium particles, molybdenum flakes and aluminum powder, vacuum arc melting is performed under an inert atmosphere to obtain an ingot.

[0039] S102. Roll the ingot to obtain a first prefabricated alloy plate 1.

[0040] In some embodiments, in the above step S10, preparing the second prefabricated alloy plate 3 comprises the following steps: S103. After mixing silicon powder, boron powder, calcium particles, molybdenum flakes and aluminum powder, vacuum arc melting is performed under an inert atmosphere to obtain an ingot.

[0041] S104. Roll the ingot to obtain a second prefabricated alloy plate 3.

[0042] In the above steps of preparing the first prefabricated alloy plate 1 and the second prefabricated alloy plate 3 , helium can be selected as the inert atmosphere, and vacuum arc melting is a conventional melting method in the art, which does not need to be particularly limited in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0043] In some embodiments, in the above step S101 and step S103, the average particle size of the silicon powder is 10 μm to 30 μm.

[0044] In some embodiments, in the above step S101 and step S103, the average particle size of the boron powder is 1 μm to 20 μm.

[0045] In some embodiments, in the above step S101 and step S103, the average particle size of the calcium particles is 10 μm to 30 μm.

[0046] In some embodiments, in the above step S101 and step S103, the dimensions of the molybdenum sheet are length×width×thickness of (100 mm~200 mm)×(100 mm~200 mm)×0.1 mm.

[0047] In some embodiments, in the above step S101 and step S103, the average particle size of the aluminum powder is 10 μm to 30 μm.

[0048] In some embodiments, in the above step S10, the thickness of the first prefabricated alloy plate 1 is 10 cm to 30 cm.

[0049] In some embodiments, in the above step S10, the thickness of the second prefabricated alloy plate 3 is 10 cm to 30 cm.

[0050] In some preferred embodiments, the thickness of the first prefabricated alloy plate 1 is the same as that of the second prefabricated alloy plate 3, and the composition is also the same. In this case, the prefabricated alloy plates can be prepared at the same time, and then cut into the first prefabricated alloy plate 1 and the second prefabricated alloy plate 3 according to the needs, simplifying the preparation steps. It should be noted that the length and width of the first prefabricated alloy plate 1 and the second prefabricated alloy plate 3 can be cut according to the needs, and are not particularly limited in the embodiments of the present invention, but as an example, the length × width of the first prefabricated alloy plate 1 is (1m~2m)×(1m~2m).

[0051] In some embodiments, in the above step S10, the thickness of the carbon fiber 2 is 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm.

[0052] In some embodiments, in the above step S10, the tensile strength of the carbon fiber 2 is 300 MPa-330 MPa, and the bending strength is 480 MPa-550 MPa.

[0053] In some embodiments, in the above step S10, the liquid gallium alloy may be in a liquid state at room temperature, or in a liquid state after being heated and melted.

[0054] In some embodiments, in the above step S10, the inert atmosphere is at least one of helium, neon, and argon.

[0055] In some embodiments, in the above step S10, the structure of the composite prefabricated plate is not limited to the first prefabricated alloy plate-carbon fiber-second prefabricated alloy plate, but can also be obtained by alternating multiple layers of prefabricated alloy plates and multiple layers of carbon fiber, and the specific number of layers can be set as needed.

[0056] In some embodiments, in the above step S20, the composite processing step includes: S201. First remelting: In an inert atmosphere, heat the composite prefabricated plate to 120°C~180°C at a heating rate of 10°C / s~20°C / s, and keep the temperature for 20min~30min; after keeping the temperature, cool the prefabricated plate to 0°C~10°C at a cooling rate of 10°C / s~20°C / s.

[0057] S202. First rough rolling: rough rolling the composite prefabricated plate after the first remelting.

[0058] S203. Second remelting: In an inert atmosphere, the composite prefabricated plate after the first rough rolling is heated to 150°C~180°C at a heating rate of 25°C / s~30°C / s, and kept at this temperature for 30min~50min; after keeping at this temperature, the composite prefabricated plate is cooled to 25°C~30°C at a cooling rate of 5°C / s~10°C / s.

[0059] S204. Second rough rolling: rough rolling the composite prefabricated plate after the second remelting.

[0060] S205. Perform finish rolling on the composite prefabricated plate after the second rough rolling.

[0061] In the above-mentioned composite treatment step, the composite prefabricated plate is subjected to the first remelting, so that the low melting point metal is initially fused with the first prefabricated alloy plate 1 and the second prefabricated alloy plate 3, and the carbon fiber 2 is initially wetted and combined with the first prefabricated alloy plate 1 and the second prefabricated alloy plate 3; then the first rough rolling is performed to make the low melting point metal and the carbon fiber 2 initially embedded in the first prefabricated alloy plate 1 and the second prefabricated alloy plate 3 to form a whole; the second remelting and the second rough rolling are repeated to make the low melting point metal, the carbon fiber 2, the first prefabricated alloy plate 1 and the second prefabricated alloy plate 3 fully fused to obtain a vehicle aluminum alloy composite material. Among them, the first remelting temperature and the second remelting temperature are relatively low, which can prevent the carbon fiber 2 from carbonizing and affecting the final performance of the material under the premise of ensuring the fusion of the contact interface between the low melting point metal and the first prefabricated alloy plate 1 and the second prefabricated alloy plate 3; after the first remelting is heated and kept warm, it is reduced to the lowest temperature, which can further refine the grains of the first prefabricated alloy plate 1 and the second prefabricated alloy plate 3 and improve the mechanical properties of the composite material. It should be noted that rough rolling and fine rolling are both conventional settings in the art, and no special limitation is required in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0062] In some embodiments, in the above step S202, the total reduction rate of rough rolling is 30% to 50%.

[0063] In some embodiments, in the above step S204, the total reduction rate of rough rolling is 40% to 50%.

[0064] A second aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides an automotive aluminum alloy composite material obtained by the preparation method of the above-mentioned automotive aluminum alloy composite material.

[0065] The automotive aluminum alloy composite material provided in the embodiment of the present invention is an aluminum alloy composite material formed by combining carbon fiber with silicon, boron, calcium, molybdenum, gallium alloy and aluminum. Since the carbon fiber itself has excellent tensile strength and bending toughness, the aluminum alloy composite material has excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.

[0066] The following is further described in conjunction with specific examples. For the convenience of explanation, in the following examples and comparative examples, unless otherwise specified, the following parameter conditions are adopted: The average particle size of the selected silicon powder is 20μm, the average particle size of the boron powder is 15μm, the average particle size of the calcium particles is 30μm, the dimensions of the molybdenum sheet are length×width×thickness of 200mm×150mm×0.1mm, and the average particle size of the aluminum powder is 20μm.

[0067] The length × width of the first prefabricated alloy plate, the second prefabricated alloy plate, and the carbon fiber are all 2m × 1m; The tensile strength of carbon fiber is 320MPa and the flexural strength is 530MPa.

[0068] Example 1 Embodiment 1 provides an aluminum alloy composite material for a vehicle, which is composed of carbon fiber and an aluminum alloy supported by the carbon fiber; the aluminum alloy is composed of the following raw material components in mass fractions: Silicon 4%, boron 0.02%, calcium 0.15%, molybdenum 0.3%, gallium alloy 1%, the balance is aluminum and inevitable impurities.

[0069] The low melting point metal is a gallium-indium alloy, and the mass fraction composition is: 80% gallium and 5% indium.

[0070] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the automotive aluminum alloy composite material provided in this embodiment, and the steps are as follows: E1. Preparation of composite prefabricated panels E101. Preparation of a first prefabricated alloy plate and a second prefabricated alloy plate: ① Obtain the raw materials of the alloy plate according to the above proportions: silicon powder, boron powder, calcium particles, molybdenum flakes and aluminum powder.

[0071] ② After mixing silicon powder, boron powder, calcium particles, molybdenum flakes and aluminum powder, vacuum arc melting is carried out in a helium atmosphere to obtain an ingot.

[0072] ③ The ingot is rolled to obtain a first prefabricated alloy plate and a second prefabricated alloy plate, both of which have a thickness of 20 cm.

[0073] E102. Select carbon fiber with a thickness of 0.2 mm, lay the carbon fiber on the surface of the first prefabricated alloy plate, and then coat the liquid gallium alloy on the carbon fiber in a helium atmosphere. After coating, lay the second prefabricated alloy plate to obtain a composite prefabricated plate.

[0074] E2. Preparation of aluminum alloy composite materials for automobiles E201. First remelting: In a helium atmosphere, heat the composite prefabricated plate to 150°C at a heating rate of 15°C / s and keep it at that temperature for 25 minutes; after keeping it at that temperature, cool it to 8°C at a cooling rate of 10°C / s.

[0075] E202. First rough rolling: The composite prefabricated plate after the first remelting is subjected to rough rolling, and the total reduction rate is 30%.

[0076] E203. Second remelting: In a helium atmosphere, the composite prefabricated plate is heated to 180°C at a heating rate of 30°C / s and kept at this temperature for 40 minutes; after the heating, the prefabricated plate is cooled to 25°C at a cooling rate of 10°C / s.

[0077] E204. Second rough rolling: The composite prefabricated plate after the second remelting is subjected to rough rolling, and the total reduction rate is 50%.

[0078] E205. Perform finish rolling on the composite prefabricated plate after the second rough rolling to obtain an automotive aluminum alloy composite material.

[0079] Example 2 Example 2 provides an automotive aluminum alloy composite material, the component composition of which is the same as that of Example 1.

[0080] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the automotive aluminum alloy composite material provided in this embodiment, and the steps are basically the same as those in Example 1, except that: E2. Preparation of aluminum alloy composite materials for automobiles E201. First remelting: In a helium atmosphere, heat the composite prefabricated plate to 120°C at a heating rate of 10°C / s and keep it at that temperature for 30 minutes; after keeping it at that temperature, cool it to 0°C at a cooling rate of 15°C / s.

[0081] E202. First rough rolling: The composite prefabricated plate after the first remelting is subjected to rough rolling, and the total reduction rate is 30%.

[0082] E203. Second remelting: In a helium atmosphere, the composite prefabricated plate is heated to 150°C at a heating rate of 25°C / s and kept at this temperature for 50 minutes; after the heating, the prefabricated plate is cooled to 30°C at a cooling rate of 5°C / s.

[0083] E204. Second rough rolling: The composite prefabricated plate after the second remelting is subjected to rough rolling, and the total reduction rate is 50%.

[0084] E205. Perform finish rolling on the composite prefabricated plate after the second rough rolling to obtain an automotive aluminum alloy composite material.

[0085] Example 3 Example 3 provides an automotive aluminum alloy composite material, the component composition of which is the same as that of Example 1.

[0086] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the automotive aluminum alloy composite material provided in this embodiment, and the steps are basically the same as those in Example 1, except that: E2. Preparation of aluminum alloy composite materials for automobiles E201. First remelting: In a helium atmosphere, heat the composite prefabricated plate to 180°C at a heating rate of 20°C / s and keep it at that temperature for 20 minutes; after keeping it at that temperature, cool it to 10°C at a cooling rate of 20°C / s.

[0087] E202. First rough rolling: The composite prefabricated plate after the first remelting is subjected to rough rolling, and the total reduction rate is 30%.

[0088] E203. Second remelting: In a helium atmosphere, the composite prefabricated plate is heated to 180°C at a heating rate of 25°C / s and kept at this temperature for 30 minutes; after the heating, the prefabricated plate is cooled to 25°C at a cooling rate of 8°C / s.

[0089] E204. Second rough rolling: The composite prefabricated plate after the second remelting is subjected to rough rolling, and the total reduction rate is 50%.

[0090] E205. Perform finish rolling on the composite prefabricated plate after the second rough rolling to obtain an automotive aluminum alloy composite material.

[0091] Example 4 Embodiment 4 provides an aluminum alloy composite material for a vehicle, which is composed of carbon fiber and aluminum alloy supported by carbon fiber; the aluminum alloy is composed of the following raw material components in mass fractions: Silicon 5%, boron 0.03%, calcium 0.2%, molybdenum 0.4%, gallium alloy 2%, the balance is aluminum and inevitable impurities.

[0092] Among them, the low melting point metal is a gallium-indium-tin alloy, and the mass fraction composition is: 70% gallium, 20% indium and 10% tin.

[0093] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the automotive aluminum alloy composite material provided in this embodiment, and the steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0094] Example 5 Embodiment 5 provides an aluminum alloy composite material for a vehicle, which is composed of carbon fiber and an aluminum alloy supported by the carbon fiber; the aluminum alloy is composed of the following raw material components in mass fractions: Silicon 2%, boron 0.01%, calcium 0.1%, molybdenum 0.2%, gallium alloy 0.7%, and the balance is aluminum and inevitable impurities.

[0095] Among them, the low melting point metal is a gallium-bismuth alloy, and the mass fraction composition is: 70% gallium and 30% bismuth.

[0096] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the automotive aluminum alloy composite material provided in this embodiment, and the steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0097] Example 6 Example 6 provides an aluminum alloy composite material for a vehicle, which is composed of carbon fiber and an aluminum alloy supported by carbon fiber; the composition of each element in the aluminum alloy is the same as that in Example 1, except that: Among them, the low melting point metal is a gallium-bismuth alloy, and the mass fraction composition is: 50% gallium and 50% bismuth.

[0098] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the automotive aluminum alloy composite material provided in this embodiment, and the steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0099] Example 7 Example 7 provides an aluminum alloy composite material for a vehicle, which is composed of carbon fiber and an aluminum alloy supported by carbon fiber; the composition of each element in the aluminum alloy is the same as that in Example 1, except that: Among them, the low melting point metal is a gallium-bismuth-tin alloy, and the mass fraction composition of the gallium-bismuth-tin alloy is: 60% gallium, 20% bismuth and 20% tin.

[0100] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the automotive aluminum alloy composite material provided in this embodiment, and the steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0101] Example 8 Example 8 provides an aluminum alloy composite material for a vehicle, which is composed of carbon fiber and an aluminum alloy supported by carbon fiber; the composition of each element in the aluminum alloy is the same as that in Example 1, except that: Among them, the low melting point metal is a gallium-indium-bismuth alloy, and the mass fraction composition of the gallium-indium-bismuth alloy is: 40% gallium, 35% indium and 25% bismuth.

[0102] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the automotive aluminum alloy composite material provided in this embodiment, and the steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0103] Example 9 Example 9 provides an aluminum alloy composite material for a vehicle, which is composed of carbon fiber and an aluminum alloy supported by carbon fiber; the composition of each element in the aluminum alloy is the same as that in Example 1, except that: Among them, the low melting point metal is a gallium-indium-bismuth-tin alloy, and the mass fraction composition of the gallium-indium-bismuth-tin alloy is: 55% gallium, 20% indium, 15% bismuth and 10% tin.

[0104] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the automotive aluminum alloy composite material provided in this embodiment, and the steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0105] Example 10 Embodiment 10 provides an aluminum alloy composite material for a vehicle, which is composed of carbon fiber and an aluminum alloy supported by carbon fiber; the composition of each element in the aluminum alloy is the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that: The mass fraction composition of the gallium-indium alloy is: 30% gallium and 70% indium.

[0106] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the automotive aluminum alloy composite material provided in this embodiment, and the steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0107] Embodiment 11 Example 11 provides an aluminum alloy composite material for a vehicle, which is composed of carbon fiber and an aluminum alloy supported by carbon fiber; the composition of each element in the aluminum alloy is the same as that in Example 1, except that: The mass fraction composition of the gallium-indium alloy is: 24% gallium and 76% indium.

[0108] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the automotive aluminum alloy composite material provided in this embodiment, and the steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0109] Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 1 provides a method for preparing the automotive aluminum alloy composite material provided in Example 1, and the steps are as follows: D1. According to Example 1, the components of the aluminum alloy in the automotive aluminum alloy composite material are obtained by obtaining raw materials: silicon powder, boron powder, calcium particles, molybdenum sheets, aluminum powder and low melting point metals.

[0110] D2. In a helium atmosphere, after the aluminum powder is melted, silicon powder, boron powder, calcium particles, molybdenum flakes and low-melting-point metals are added, and then heated to 1200°C to completely melt the metal. After adding carbon fiber, the temperature is cooled to 180°C at a cooling rate of 30°C / s and kept warm for 40 minutes; after keeping warm, the temperature is cooled to 25°C at a cooling rate of 10°C / s to obtain an ingot.

[0111] D3. The ingot is subjected to conventional rough rolling and finish rolling to obtain an automotive aluminum alloy composite material.

[0112] Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 2 provides an aluminum alloy consisting of the following raw material components by mass fraction: Silicon 4%, boron 0.02%, calcium 0.15%, molybdenum 0.3%, gallium alloy 4%, the balance is aluminum and inevitable impurities.

[0113] The low melting point metal is a gallium-indium alloy, and the mass fraction composition is: 80% gallium and 5% indium.

[0114] In order to verify the advancement of an automotive aluminum alloy composite material and a preparation method thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention, the automotive aluminum alloy composite material or aluminum alloy provided in the embodiment and the comparative example was tested for lower yield strength, tensile strength and elongation after fracture according to standard GB / T 228.1-2021. The test results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0115]

[0116] From the data in Table 1 above, at least the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) It can be seen from the data of Examples 1 to 11 and Comparative Example 1 that the method for preparing the automotive aluminum alloy composite material provided by the embodiment of the present invention uses a liquid low-melting-point metal to coat the carbon fiber, which can not only utilize the liquid properties of the metal to improve the wettability of the carbon fiber and the prefabricated alloy plate, but also remove the residual gas between the carbon fiber and the prefabricated alloy plate, thereby improving the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy composite material; and, since the melting point of the low-melting-point metal is relatively low, during the composite treatment process, the composite material can be made at a relatively low temperature, thereby avoiding carbonization of the carbon fiber due to high temperature. The automotive aluminum alloy composite material prepared by the method for preparing the automotive aluminum alloy composite material provided by the embodiment of the present invention has excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.

[0117] (2) It can be seen from the data of Examples 1 to 11 and Comparative Example 2 that the method for preparing the automotive aluminum alloy composite material provided by the embodiment of the present invention, carbon fiber is combined with silicon, boron, calcium, molybdenum, gallium alloy and aluminum, and the carbon fiber is embedded in the aluminum alloy material. The obtained aluminum alloy composite material has good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.

[0118] It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments are only examples, and the embodiments having the same structure as the technical idea and exerting the same effect within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention are all included in the technical scope of the present invention. In addition, without departing from the scope of the main purpose of the present invention, various modifications that can be thought of by those skilled in the art to the embodiments and other methods of combining some of the constituent elements in the embodiments are also included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a vehicle aluminum alloy composite material, characterized in that: The steps include: After laying carbon fibers on the surface of the first prefabricated alloy plate, liquid gallium alloy is coated on the carbon fibers under an inert atmosphere, and after coating, a second prefabricated alloy plate is laid to obtain a composite prefabricated plate; wherein the raw material components of the first prefabricated alloy plate include silicon, boron, calcium, molybdenum and aluminum; and the raw material components of the second prefabricated alloy plate include silicon, boron, calcium, molybdenum and aluminum; The composite prefabricated plate is subjected to composite treatment to obtain an aluminum alloy composite material for a vehicle; The automotive aluminum alloy composite material includes carbon fiber and aluminum alloy supported by carbon fiber; The aluminum alloy is composed of the following raw material components in mass fractions: Silicon 2%~5%, boron 0.01%~0.03%, calcium 0.1%~0.2%, molybdenum 0.2%~0.4%, gallium alloy 0.6%~2%, the balance is aluminum and unavoidable impurities; In the gallium alloy, the mass fraction of gallium is 24% to 80%.

2. The method for preparing the automotive aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gallium alloy includes at least one of a gallium-indium alloy, a gallium-indium-tin alloy, a gallium-bismuth alloy, a gallium-bismuth-tin alloy, a gallium-indium-bismuth alloy, and a gallium-indium-bismuth-tin alloy.

3. The method for preparing the automotive aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The composite processing step comprises: First remelting: In an inert atmosphere, heat the composite prefabricated board to 120°C~180°C at a heating rate of 10°C / s~20°C / s, and keep it warm for 20min~30min; after keeping warm, cool it down to 0°C~10°C at a cooling rate of 10°C / s~20°C / s; First rough rolling: rough rolling the first remelted composite prefabricated plate; Second remelting: in an inert atmosphere, heating the composite prefabricated plate after the first rough rolling to 150°C~180°C at a heating rate of 25°C / s~30°C / s, and keeping the temperature for 30min~50min; after keeping the temperature, cooling the plate to 25°C~30°C at a cooling rate of 5°C / s~10°C / s; Second rough rolling: rough rolling the composite prefabricated plate after the second remelting; The composite prefabricated plate after the second rough rolling is subjected to finish rolling.

4. The method for preparing the automotive aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the first rough rolling, the total reduction rate of the rough rolling is 30% to 50%; In the second rough rolling, the total reduction ratio of the rough rolling is 40% to 50%.

5. The method for preparing the automotive aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 4, characterized in that: The thickness of the first prefabricated alloy plate is 10 cm to 30 cm.

6. The method for preparing the automotive aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 5, characterized in that: The thickness of the second prefabricated alloy plate is 10 cm to 30 cm.

7. The method for preparing the automotive aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 6, characterized in that: The thickness of the carbon fiber is 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm.

8. The method for preparing the automotive aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 7, characterized in that: The preparation of the first prefabricated alloy plate comprises the following steps: After mixing silicon powder, boron powder, calcium particles, molybdenum flakes and aluminum powder, vacuum arc melting is performed under an inert atmosphere to obtain an ingot; Rolling the ingot to obtain the first prefabricated alloy plate; The preparation of the second prefabricated alloy plate comprises the following steps: After mixing silicon powder, boron powder, calcium particles, molybdenum flakes and aluminum powder, vacuum arc melting is performed under an inert atmosphere to obtain an ingot; The ingot is rolled to obtain the second prefabricated alloy plate.

9. An automotive aluminum alloy composite material prepared by the method for preparing an automotive aluminum alloy composite material as claimed in claim 8.

10. Use of the automotive aluminum alloy composite material as claimed in claim 9 in the field of automotive parts.

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