Coaxial broadband powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance and laser cladding equipment

Abstract

The present application relates to a coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance and a laser cladding device, which relates to the field of laser cladding processing equipment. The coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance comprises a mounting seat, a nozzle main block, a nozzle powder block and a powder block adjustment device. The mounting seat is provided with a laser passing hole. The nozzle main block is installed on the mounting seat and is provided with a powder block installation space connected to the laser passing hole. Two nozzle powder blocks are provided. The two nozzle powder blocks are arranged on opposite sides of the powder block installation space and are rotatably connected to the nozzle main block. A powder feeding channel is provided inside the nozzle powder block. The powder feeding channels of the two nozzle powder blocks are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the laser passing hole. The powder block adjustment device is arranged between the nozzle powder block and the nozzle main block so as to be able to synchronously adjust the angle between the two nozzle powder blocks and the central axis of the laser passing hole, thereby being able to accurately adjust the powder feeding distance, meet the needs of laser cladding processing of different powers, and ensure the quality of laser cladding processing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of laser cladding processing equipment, and in particular to a coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance. In addition, the present application also relates to a laser cladding equipment. Background Art

[0002] Laser cladding technology refers to a process in which a set coating material is placed on the surface of the coated substrate, and the coating material is melted together with the thin layer on the substrate surface by laser irradiation. After solidification, a surface coating with extremely low dilution and metallurgical bonding with the substrate material is formed, thereby significantly improving the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, oxidation resistance and electrical properties of the substrate surface. The coating material for laser cladding is usually delivered to the surface of the substrate material in the form of powder or wire material.

[0003] When laser cladding is performed in a powder feeding mode, the coating material powder is usually fed to the surface of the base material through a nozzle, and the surface of the base material with the coating material powder is irradiated with a laser. The laser is focused and irradiated on the surface of the base material to form a laser spot of a certain diameter. The energy of the laser is concentrated within the range of the laser spot size to melt the coating material powder and the surface of the base material to form a molten pool, which forms a surface coating after solidification. Usually, when the molten pool formed by laser irradiation on the base material is larger, the distribution range of the coating material powder on the base material needs to be larger, which requires the use of a powder feeding cladding nozzle with a longer powder feeding distance, that is, a powder feeding point of the coating material powder is farther away, so that the gathering point of the coating material powder is behind the base material, so that the coating material powder falls on the base material a longer distance before reaching the gathering point, forming a larger distribution range on the base material; and when the molten pool formed by laser irradiation on the base material is smaller, the distribution range of the coating material powder on the base material needs to be smaller, which requires the use of a powder feeding cladding nozzle with a shorter powder feeding distance, that is, a powder feeding point of the coating material powder is closer, so that the gathering point of the coating material powder is near the base material, so that the coating material powder falls on the base material near the gathering point, forming a smaller distribution range on the base material.

[0004] The powder feeding distance of the existing powder feeding cladding nozzles usually remains unchanged. When using lasers of different powers for cladding processing, due to the different sizes of the molten pools formed on the base material, it is usually necessary to replace the powder feeding cladding nozzles with different powder feeding distances. The replacement and adjustment of the nozzles are relatively cumbersome. The Chinese invention patent application with application publication number CN118437940A discloses a real-time control method for the focal length of coaxial powder in the laser additive manufacturing process. The protective gas flow rate is adjusted according to the distance between the powder nozzle and the workpiece surface, and different protective gas flow rates are used to affect the powder delivery angle, thereby controlling the coaxial powder focal length. However, the flow of the fluid is random, which leads to poor controllability of the position of the coating material powder under the impact of the protective gas flow, making it difficult to accurately control the distribution range of the coating material powder on the base material, affecting the quality of the cladding process. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to accurately adjust the powder feeding distance of the powder feeding cladding nozzle and ensure the quality of cladding processing using lasers of different powers, the present application provides a coaxial broadband powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance and a laser cladding device.

[0006] The coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: A coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance comprises a mounting seat, a nozzle main block, a nozzle powder block and a powder block adjustment device, wherein the mounting seat is provided with a laser passage hole, the nozzle main block is installed on the mounting seat, and a powder block installation space connected to the laser passage hole is provided inside the nozzle powder block, two nozzle powder blocks are provided, the two nozzle powder blocks are arranged on opposite sides of the powder block installation space, and are rotatably connected to the nozzle main block, a powder feeding channel is provided inside the nozzle powder block, and the powder feeding channels of the two nozzle powder blocks are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the laser passage hole, and the powder block adjustment device is arranged between the nozzle powder block and the nozzle main block so as to be able to synchronously adjust the angle between the two nozzle powder blocks and the center axis of the laser passage hole.

[0007] By adopting the above technical scheme, by utilizing two nozzle powder blocks which are arranged on opposite sides of the powder block installation space and are rotatably connected to the nozzle main block, the angle between the powder delivery channel arranged inside the nozzle powder block and the nozzle main block can be adjusted by rotating the nozzle powder block relative to the nozzle main block, thereby adjusting the conveying distance of the coating material powder output through the powder delivery channel; by utilizing a powder block adjustment device arranged between the nozzle powder block and the nozzle main block, the rotational position between the nozzle powder block and the nozzle main block can be controlled, thereby adjusting the size of the powder delivery distance; by utilizing the symmetrical distribution of the powder delivery channels of the two nozzle powder blocks on both sides of the laser passage hole, and the synchronous adjustment of the angle between the two nozzle powder blocks and the central axis of the laser passage hole by the powder block adjustment device, it can be ensured that the coating material powder output from the powder delivery channels of the two nozzle powder blocks can always converge on the central axis of the laser passage hole, thereby preventing the center position of the coating material powder distributed on the substrate material from changing when the powder delivery distance is adjusted.

[0008] In a specific possible implementation scheme, the nozzle powder block includes a powder block base plate and a powder block cover plate, the powder block cover plate is fixed on the outer side of the powder block base plate, a laser avoidance groove is provided on the inner side of the powder block base plate, a powder feeding groove is provided on the inner side of the powder block cover plate, one end of the powder feeding groove extends and opens to an end of the powder block cover plate away from the mounting seat, and a powder inlet connected to the powder feed groove is provided at one end of the powder block cover plate adjacent to the mounting seat.

[0009] By adopting the above technical scheme, the powder feeding groove arranged on the inner side of the powder block cover plate can be combined with the outer side of the powder block bottom plate to form a powder feeding channel, thereby improving the convenience of setting the powder feeding channel; by using the powder inlet and the powder feeding groove opening respectively arranged at both ends of the powder block cover plate, the coating material powder can be transported from one end adjacent to the mounting seat to the end away from the mounting seat through the powder feeding channel, and output from the powder outlet formed by the powder feeding groove opening and the outer side of the powder block bottom plate, thereby forming a wide-band powder feeding on the surface of the base material.

[0010] In a specific feasible implementation scheme, a plurality of powder uniformly distributing blocks are arranged in the powder feeding trough, and the plurality of powder uniformly distributing blocks are divided into at least two groups, each group of the powder uniformly distributing blocks are arranged in the powder feeding trough at laterally intervals, and the powder uniformly distributing blocks in different groups are arranged alternately in the powder feeding trough.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, by utilizing the interval, staggered and horizontal arrangement of an array of evenly divided blocks in the powder feeding trough, it is possible to form a separation barrier for the coating material powder conveyed in the powder feeding trough, so that the coating material powder passes through the gaps between the multiple evenly divided blocks respectively, thereby improving the uniformity of the distribution of the coating material powder in the powder feeding trough and ensuring that the coating material powder is evenly transported to the surface of the substrate material.

[0012] In a specific feasible implementation scheme, a water cooling groove is provided on the outer side surface of the powder block cover plate, and the nozzle powder block also includes a powder block cover plate, which is fixed to the outer side of the powder block cover plate and covers the water cooling groove, and the powder block cover plate is provided with a first cooling water inlet and a second cooling water inlet which are connected to the water cooling groove.

[0013] By adopting the above technical scheme, utilizing the water cooling groove arranged on the outer surface of the powder block cover plate, and the first cooling water port and the second cooling water port arranged on the powder block cover plate, flowing water can be input into the water cooling groove through the first cooling water port and the second cooling water port, so as to perform water cooling on the powder feeding cover plate and the powder block bottom plate connected thereto, thereby preventing the excessive increase in the temperature of the cladding nozzle due to the irradiation of high-power laser, and ensuring that the cladding nozzle can work stably for a long time.

[0014] In a specific feasible implementation scheme, base plate rotation axis holes are provided at relative positions on both sides of the powder block base plate, main block rotation axis holes are provided at corresponding positions of the nozzle main block, and base plate rotating axes are provided in the base plate rotation axis holes and the main block rotation axis holes.

[0015] By adopting the above technical scheme, by using the arrangement of inserting the bottom plate rotating shaft into the bottom plate rotating shaft hole and the main block rotating shaft hole respectively, a rotational connection between the powder block bottom plate and the nozzle main block can be easily formed, and it is beneficial to improve the stability of the rotational position of the powder block bottom plate and ensure the adjustment accuracy of the powder feeding distance.

[0016] In a specific feasible implementation scheme, the powder block adjustment device includes a powder block adjustment screw, a powder block driving structure and two powder block connecting shafts, the two ends of the powder block adjustment screw are provided with adjustment threads with opposite rotation directions, the powder block driving structure is drivingly connected to the powder block adjustment screw, the end of the powder block bottom plate adjacent to the mounting seat is provided with a bottom plate adjustment groove, and connecting shaft holes are provided on both side walls of the bottom plate adjustment groove, the two ends of the powder block connecting shaft are respectively rotatably installed in the connecting shaft holes on both sides of the bottom plate adjustment groove, and a rotating shaft threaded hole is provided on the middle side wall of the powder block connecting shaft, and is respectively screwed onto the adjustment threads at both ends of the powder block adjustment screw through the rotating shaft threaded holes.

[0017] By adopting the above technical scheme, by utilizing the adjustment threads with opposite rotation directions arranged at the two ends of the powder block adjusting screw, the powder block connecting shafts screwed on the two ends of the powder block adjusting screw can be driven to move synchronously in opposite directions when the powder block adjusting screw rotates, thereby forming a reverse synchronous adjustment of the positions of the two powder block connecting shafts; by utilizing the arrangement in which the two powder block connecting shafts are respectively rotatably installed in the connecting shaft holes on both sides of the bottom plate adjustment groove at the ends of the two powder block bottom plates, the two powder block bottom plates can be driven to rotate synchronously in the opposite directions relative to the nozzle main block through the synchronous reverse movement of the two powder block connecting shafts, thereby conveniently realizing the synchronous adjustment of the angles between the two nozzle powder blocks and the center axis of the laser through hole.

[0018] In a specific feasible implementation scheme, a limit block is provided on the nozzle main block, an adjusting screw groove is provided at the end of the limit block, the limit block is fixed on the nozzle main block and is located on the outer side of the powder block bottom plate, a screw clamping groove is provided on the powder block adjusting screw, and the powder block is clamped in the adjusting screw groove through the screw clamping groove, and the powder block driving structure is a hand wheel, and the hand wheel is fixed to the end of the powder block adjusting screw outside the adjusting screw groove.

[0019] By adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme, by utilizing the screw engaging groove provided on the powder block adjusting screw and engaging with the adjusting screw groove, the axial position of the powder block adjusting screw can be limited while ensuring the rotation of the powder block adjusting screw relative to the limit block, and the powder block adjusting screw can slide in the adjusting screw groove when the powder block bottom plate rotates, thereby ensuring the smooth adjustment of the rotation angle of the powder block bottom plate.

[0020] In a specific feasible implementation scheme, the nozzle main block includes a nozzle top plate, a first side plate and a second side plate, the mounting seat is fixed on the nozzle top plate, a top plate hole corresponding to the laser passage hole is provided on the nozzle top plate, the first side plate and the second side plate are respectively fixed on opposite sides of the nozzle top plate, the powder block installation space is formed between the first side plate and the second side plate, and the nozzle powder block is rotatably connected between the two sides of the first side plate and the two sides of the second side plate.

[0021] By adopting the above technical scheme, a nozzle main block is formed by fixing the first side plate and the second side plate on both sides of the nozzle top plate, which can facilitate the processing and manufacturing of the nozzle main block, form a larger powder block installation space inside the nozzle main block, and the mass of the formed nozzle main block is also smaller; the setting of the nozzle powder block rotatably connected between the first side plate and the second side plate can improve the position stability of the nozzle powder block during rotation.

[0022] In a specific possible implementation scheme, the first side plate is integrally connected to the nozzle top plate, one end of the second side plate is fixedly connected to the nozzle top plate via a connecting structure, a limit block is fixedly provided on the nozzle top plate, and the powder block adjustment device is connected to the nozzle powder block through the limit block.

[0023] By adopting the above technical scheme and utilizing the integral connection between the first side plate and the nozzle top plate, it is possible to improve the stability of the connection structure between the two while not increasing the difficulty of manufacturing the nozzle main block, and it is also possible to improve the convenience of installing the nozzle powder block; utilizing the limit block fixed on the nozzle top plate, the limit block can be made to face the powder block installation space between the first side plate and the second side plate, thereby facilitating the adjustment of the rotational position of the nozzle powder block arranged in the powder block installation space through the powder block adjustment device arranged through the limit block.

[0024] The laser cladding equipment provided in the present application adopts the coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance provided in the present application, and also has the advantages of the coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance provided in the present application.

[0025] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. By utilizing the rotational connection between the two nozzle powder blocks and the nozzle main block, the rotation angle of the powder feeding channel arranged in the nozzle powder block relative to the nozzle main block and the angle between the two powder feeding channels can be adjusted, so that the distance between the convergence point of the coating material powder transported through the two powder feeding channels and the nozzle main block, that is, the powder feeding distance of the powder feeding cladding nozzle can be adjusted more accurately; 2. By setting the powder delivery channels in the two nozzle powder blocks to be symmetrically distributed on both sides of the laser passage hole, and by using the powder block adjustment device to synchronously adjust the angles between the two nozzle powder blocks and the central axis of the laser passage hole, it is possible to ensure that the coating material powder output from the powder delivery channels of the two nozzle powder blocks can always converge on the central axis of the laser passage hole, so that the molten pool formed on the base material by the laser irradiated on the central axis of the laser passage hole can better cover the powder delivery range, and prevent the adjustment of the powder delivery distance from causing the center position of the coating material powder distribution on the base material to change; 3. By providing adjusting threads with opposite rotation directions at both ends of the powder block adjusting screw and screwing two powder block connecting shafts on both ends of the powder block adjusting screw, the two powder block connecting shafts can be driven to move synchronously in opposite directions on the powder block adjusting screw through the rotation of the powder block adjusting screw, and the two powder block bottom plates are driven to rotate synchronously in opposite directions on the nozzle main block through the rotation connection between the powder block connecting shaft and one end of the powder block bottom plate, so as to achieve synchronous adjustment of the angle between the two nozzle powder blocks and the central axis of the laser through hole; 4. By engaging the screw engaging groove provided on the powder block adjusting screw in the adjusting screw groove provided on the limit block, the axial position of the powder block adjusting screw can be limited while supporting the rotation of the powder block adjusting screw, thereby ensuring that the powder block adjusting screw drives the two powder block bottom plates synchronously in reverse, and when the powder block bottom plate rotates, the powder block adjusting screw can be allowed to deviate by sliding the powder block adjusting screw in the screw engaging groove, thereby ensuring that the powder block adjusting screw can reliably drive the powder block bottom plate at different rotation angles of the powder block bottom plate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance of the present application.

[0027] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the parts of an embodiment of a coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance of the present application.

[0028] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of different viewing angles of the powder block bottom plate in one embodiment of the coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance of the present application.

[0029] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of different viewing angles of the powder block covering plate in one embodiment of the coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance of the present application.

[0030] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of different viewing angles of a powder block cover plate in one embodiment of a coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance of the present application.

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a powder block adjustment device in one embodiment of a coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance of the present application.

[0032] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of different viewing angles of the nozzle main block in one embodiment of the coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance of the present application.

[0033] Description of the reference numerals: 1, mounting seat; 11, laser through hole; 2, nozzle main block; 201, main block shaft hole; 21, limit block; 211, adjusting screw groove; 22, nozzle top plate; 221, top plate hole; 23, first side plate; 24, second side plate; 3, nozzle powder block; 31, powder block bottom plate; 311, laser avoidance groove; 312, bottom plate shaft hole; 313, bottom plate adjustment groove; 314, connecting shaft hole; 32, powder block cover plate; 321, powder feeding groove; 322, inlet Powder inlet; 323, powder uniform block; 324, water cooling groove; 325, powder inlet connection hole; 326, water cooling sealing groove; 327, cover plate snap-fit ​​groove; 33, powder block cover plate; 331, first cooling water inlet; 332, second cooling water inlet; 333, interface boss; 334, snap-fit ​​block; 34, bottom plate rotating shaft; 4, powder block adjusting device; 41, powder block adjusting screw; 411, screw snap-fit ​​groove; 42, powder block driving structure; 43, powder block connecting shaft; 431, rotating shaft threaded hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The specific implementation of the present application is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific implementation described here is only used to illustrate and explain the present application, and is not used to limit the present application.

[0035] In the present application, unless otherwise stated, the term “width” refers to the maximum value of the distance between the edges of the described object on the surface of the substrate material in a direction perpendicular to the moving direction of the laser spot relative to the substrate material.

[0036] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "disposed" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0037] In this specification, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or suggesting relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the said features.

[0038] An embodiment of a coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance of the present application is as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it includes a mounting seat 1, a nozzle main block 2, a nozzle powder block 3 and a powder block adjustment device 4. The mounting seat 1 is used to install and position other structures in the powder feeding cladding nozzle, and is also used to install and connect the powder feeding cladding nozzle with an external laser cladding device. A laser through hole 11 is provided on the mounting seat 1. The laser through hole 11 is usually provided in the middle of the mounting seat 1. The laser generated by the external laser is introduced into the powder feeding cladding nozzle through the laser through hole 11 to perform laser cladding processing on the workpiece to be processed.

[0039] The nozzle main block 2 is fixedly mounted on the mounting base 1, and the position between the nozzle main block 2 and the mounting base 1 remains fixed. A powder block installation space is provided inside the nozzle main block 2, which can accommodate the nozzle powder block 3 and allow the nozzle powder block 3 to move within a certain range. The powder block installation space is connected to the laser through hole 11, so that the laser beam introduced through the laser through hole 11 can be irradiated to the surface of the base material of the workpiece to be processed through the powder block installation space.

[0040] Two nozzle powder blocks 3 are provided, and the two nozzle powder blocks 3 are installed on opposite sides of the powder block installation space, and the length direction of the nozzle powder blocks 3 is generally arranged along the axial direction of the laser through hole 11. Both nozzle powder blocks 3 are rotatably connected to the nozzle main block 2, and are usually rotatably connected to the nozzle main block 2 through a rotating shaft arranged at the same position of one end of the two nozzle powder blocks 3 close to the mounting seat 1. A powder feeding channel arranged along the length direction of the nozzle powder block is arranged inside the nozzle powder block 3, and the coating material powder used for cladding on the workpiece to be processed can be transported to the surface of the base material of the workpiece to be processed through the powder feeding channel. The angle between the powder feeding channel and the nozzle main block 2 can be changed by rotating the nozzle powder block 3, that is, the angle between the powder feeding channel and the central axis of the laser through hole 11 can be changed, so that the coating material powder transported through the powder feeding channel can be transported to the central axis of the laser through hole 11 at different distances from the powder feeding cladding nozzle, thereby changing the powder feeding distance of the powder feeding cladding nozzle.

[0041] The powder feeding channels of the two nozzle powder blocks 3 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the laser passage hole 11, so that the focus of the extension line of the powder feeding channels inside the two nozzle powder blocks 3 is located on the central axis of the laser passage hole 11. In this way, the coating material powder output through the powder feeding channels can converge on the central axis of the laser passage hole 11, so that the center of the distribution area of ​​the coating material powder delivered to the base material coincides with the center of the laser irradiation area, so that more coating material powder can be fused in the molten pool formed by laser irradiation, thereby improving the utilization rate of the coating material powder.

[0042] The powder block adjustment device 4 is arranged between the nozzle powder block 3 and the nozzle main block 2. The powder block adjustment device 4 can drive the two nozzle powder blocks 3 to rotate synchronously in opposite directions, so that the angle between the powder feeding channels in the two nozzle powder blocks 3 and the central axis of the laser passage hole 11 increases or decreases synchronously, ensuring that when the nozzle powder block 3 rotates, the extension lines of the powder feeding channels in the two nozzle powder blocks 3 always intersect on the central axis of the laser passage hole 11. While realizing the adjustment of the powder feeding distance of the powder feeding cladding nozzle, it is ensured that the coating material powder transported through the powder feeding channels in the two nozzle powder blocks 3 always converges on the central axis of the laser passage hole 11, keeping the center of the powder feeding area and the center of the laser speed always in a coincidence state.

[0043] In some embodiments of the coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance of the present application, as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the nozzle powder block 3 includes a powder block bottom plate 31 and a powder block cover plate 32. The powder block bottom plate 31 is rotatably connected to the nozzle main block 2, and the powder block cover plate 32 is fixed on the outer side of the powder block bottom plate 31.

[0044] A laser avoidance groove 311 is provided on the inner side surface of the powder block bottom plate 31, that is, on the side surface close to the central axis position of the laser through hole 11, and the laser avoidance groove 311 is provided along the length direction of the powder block bottom plate 31, that is, the length direction of the nozzle powder block 3. The laser avoidance groove 311 can form a channel between the ends of the two powder block bottom plates 3 when the two powder block bottom plates 31 rotate to a position close to each other on the nozzle main block 2, so as to ensure that the laser beam can pass between the two powder block bottom plates 31 and prevent the ends of the powder block bottom plates 31 from blocking the laser beam.

[0045] A powder feeding groove 321 is provided on the inner side of the powder block cover plate 32. The powder feeding groove 321 extends along the length direction of the powder block cover plate 32, that is, the length direction of the nozzle powder block 3. The end of the powder feeding groove 321 adjacent to the mounting seat 1 is closed to form a blind end, and the end away from the mounting seat 1 passes through the end of the powder block cover plate 32 to form an opening on the end surface. When the powder block cover plate 32 is fixed on the outer side of the powder block bottom plate 31, the outer side of the powder block bottom plate 31 closes the notch of the powder feeding groove 321 to form a powder feeding channel inside the nozzle powder block 3. The opening of the powder feeding groove 321 on the end surface of the powder block cover plate 32 forms a powder outlet of the powder feeding channel. Controlling the width of the powder feeding groove 321 can control the width of the powder outlet, thereby controlling the distribution width of the coating material powder transported through the powder outlet on the base material, forming a wide-band powder feeding of the coating material powder.

[0046] A powder inlet 322 is provided on one end of the powder block cover plate 32 adjacent to the mounting seat 1, that is, on the end surface opposite to the powder outlet, and a powder inlet connection hole 325 is provided at the bottom of the blind end of the powder feeding groove 321, which is connected to the powder inlet 322 through the powder inlet connection hole 325, and the coating material powder input through the powder inlet 322 is guided to the powder feeding groove 321. A powder inlet connector can also be provided on the powder inlet 322, which is connected to the external powder feeding pipeline through the powder inlet connector, and the coating material powder is continuously transported to the powder feeding channel through the powder feeding pipeline.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment of the coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance of the present application, as Figure 4 As shown, a plurality of powder-distributing blocks 323 are provided in the powder feeding trough 321. The plurality of powder-distributing blocks 323 are arranged in at least two groups in the powder feeding trough 321, wherein the plurality of powder-distributing blocks 323 in the same group are arranged at intervals on a transverse section in the powder feeding trough 321, the powder-distributing blocks 323 in different groups are arranged on different transverse sections in the powder feeding trough 321, and the powder-distributing blocks 323 in adjacent groups are arranged alternately in the axial direction of the powder feeding trough 321.

[0048] The end of the evenly divided block 323 facing the powder inlet 322 is provided with guiding inclined surfaces inclined to both sides, respectively, to guide the coating material powder from the powder inlet 322 to both sides of the evenly divided block 323, respectively, and pass through the gaps on both sides of the evenly divided block 323. The evenly divided blocks staggered on the next transverse section again guide and evenly divide the coating material powder passing through each gap on both sides, thereby improving the uniformity of the coating material powder distribution in the powder feeding trough 321, so that the coating material powder can be evenly transported to the laser irradiation area on the workpiece to be processed.

[0049] In some embodiments of the coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance of the present application, as Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, a water cooling groove 324 is provided on the outer side of the powder block cover plate 32. The nozzle powder block 3 also includes a powder block cover plate 33, which is fixed to the outer side of the powder block cover plate 32 and completely covers the notch of the water cooling groove 324, and forms a closed water cooling chamber by closing the notch of the water cooling groove 324. A water cooling sealing groove 326 is also provided around the notch of the water cooling groove 324 on the outer side of the powder block cover plate 32, and a rubber sealing ring is provided in the water cooling sealing groove 326, and the gap between the powder block cover plate 33 and the powder block cover plate 32 is closed by the rubber sealing ring to ensure the sealing of the water cooling chamber.

[0050] An interface boss 333 is provided on the outer surface of the powder block cover plate 33 at a position opposite to the water cooling groove 324, and a first cooling water inlet 331 and a second cooling water inlet 332 penetrating the interface boss 333 and the wall layer of the powder block cover plate 33 are provided at different positions on the interface boss 333. When the powder block cover plate 33 is fixed on the powder block covering plate 32, the first cooling water inlet 331 and the second cooling water inlet 332 are respectively connected to the two ends of the water cooling cavity, and circulating water flow can be transported into the water cooling cavity through the first cooling water inlet 331 and the second cooling water inlet 332. The circulating water flow is used to take away the heat on the powder block covering plate 32, so as to cool the powder block covering plate 32 and the powder block bottom plate 31 connected to the powder block covering plate 32.

[0051] The first cooling water port 331 and the second cooling water port 332 on the interface boss 333 may also be provided with a water cooling connector, which is connected to an external circulating water pipeline through the water cooling connector to ensure that the circulating water continuously flows through the water cooling chamber. The interface boss 333 can increase the structural strength of the powder block cover plate 33 on the one hand, ensure the stability of the water cooling connector connected to the powder block cover plate 32, and on the other hand, facilitate the connection between the external circulating water pipeline and the water cooling connector.

[0052] A snap-fit ​​block 334 is also provided on the inner side surface of the powder block cover plate 33, and a cover plate snap-fit ​​groove 327 is provided at a relative position on the outer side surface of the powder block covering plate 32. When the powder block cover plate 33 is fixed on the powder block covering plate 32, the snap-fit ​​block 334 is located in the cover plate snap-fit ​​groove 327, accurately limiting the position of the powder block cover plate 33 on the powder block covering plate 32.

[0053] In some embodiments of the coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance of the present application, as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the powder block bottom plate 31 is provided with bottom plate shaft holes 312 on both sides of the side surface of the part adjacent to one end of the mounting seat 1, and the bottom plate shaft holes 312 on both sides of the powder block bottom plate 31 are arranged opposite to each other. A main block shaft hole 201 is arranged on the nozzle main block 2 at a position opposite to the bottom plate shaft hole 312. A bottom plate rotating shaft 34 extending from the bottom plate shaft hole 312 to the main block shaft hole 201 is arranged in the bottom plate shaft hole 312 and the main block shaft hole 201.

[0054] Typically, a bearing mounting portion with a smaller diameter is provided at one end of the base plate rotating shaft 34, and a rotating bearing is mounted on the bearing mounting portion. One end of the base plate rotating shaft 34 is installed in the main block rotating shaft hole 201, and has an interference fit with the hole wall of the main block rotating shaft hole 201; the rotating bearing is installed in the base plate rotating shaft hole 312, and has an interference fit with the hole wall of the base plate rotating shaft hole 312. The rotation of the rotating bearing allows the powder block base plate 31 to rotate relative to the nozzle main block 2, thereby improving the rotation flexibility of the powder block base plate 31 and the position stability of the powder block base plate 31 during rotation.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment of the coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance of the present application, as Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the powder block adjustment device 4 includes a powder block adjustment screw 41, a powder block driving structure 42 and two powder block connecting shafts 43. Adjustment threads with the same pitch and opposite rotation directions are arranged at both ends of the powder block adjustment screw 41. The powder block driving structure 42 can be various structures for driving the powder block adjustment screw 41 to rotate, such as a rotating drive wheel, a rotating drive motor, etc., or even a toggle tooth arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the powder block adjustment screw 41. The powder block driving structure 42 is drivingly connected to the powder block adjustment screw 41, and can be connected to the powder block adjustment screw 41 through gear meshing, through a transmission belt, or directly coaxially fixedly connected.

[0056] A bottom plate adjustment groove 313 is provided at one end of the powder block bottom plate 31 adjacent to the mounting seat 1, and the bottom plate adjustment groove 313 is provided on one side of the end surface of the powder block bottom plate 31. Connecting shaft holes 314 are provided at opposite positions on the side walls on both sides of the bottom plate adjustment groove 313, and the connecting shaft holes 314 on both sides of the bottom plate adjustment groove 313 have the same diameter and are coaxially arranged.

[0057] The two ends of the powder block connecting shaft 43 are respectively installed in the connecting shaft holes 314 on both sides of the bottom plate adjustment groove 313, and can rotate in the connecting shaft holes 314. A rotating shaft threaded hole 431 is provided on the middle side wall of the powder block connecting shaft 43, and the two powder block connecting shafts 43 are respectively screwed on the adjustment threads at both ends of the powder block adjustment screw 41 through the rotating shaft threaded holes 431.

[0058] The powder block adjusting screw 41 is rotatably mounted on the nozzle main block 2 and can limit the axial movement of the powder block adjusting screw 41 on the nozzle main block 2. By driving the powder block adjusting screw 41 to rotate through the powder block driving structure 42, the two powder block connecting shafts 43 can be driven to synchronously move in the opposite direction on the powder block adjusting screw 41, and the opposite synchronous movement of the two powder block connecting shafts 43 drives the ends of the two powder block bottom plates 31 to synchronously move in the opposite direction, so that the two powder block bottom plates 31 rotate synchronously in the opposite direction on the nozzle main block 2, and synchronously change the angle between the powder feeding channels in the two powder block bottom plates 31 and the central axis of the laser through hole 11.

[0059] As a specific implementation of the coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance of the present application, Figure 7 As shown, a limit block 21 is provided on the nozzle main block 2, and an adjusting screw groove 211 is provided at the end of the limit block 21 and is arranged parallel to the central axis of the laser passage hole 11. The end of the limit block 21 opposite to the adjusting screw groove 211 is fixed to the nozzle main block 2, so that the adjusting screw groove 211 is located outside the end of the powder block bottom plate 31.

[0060] A screw engaging groove 411 is provided on the powder block adjusting screw 41, and the powder block adjusting screw 41 is engaged with the adjusting screw groove 211 and is engaged with the limiting block 21, so that the powder block adjusting screw 41 can rotate in the adjusting screw groove 211 and can slide in the adjusting screw groove 211 along the extension direction of the adjusting screw groove 211, but cannot move along the length direction of the powder block adjusting screw 41 relative to the limiting block 21.

[0061] A hand wheel is used as the powder block driving structure 42, and the hand wheel is fixed to the end of the powder block adjusting screw 41 and is located outside the adjusting screw slot 211. In this way, the hand wheel can be rotated from the outside of the powder feeding cladding nozzle to drive the powder block adjusting screw 41 to rotate, so as to facilitate the adjustment of the powder feeding distance of the powder feeding cladding nozzle.

[0062] In some embodiments of the coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance of the present application, as Figure 7As shown, the nozzle main block 2 includes a nozzle top plate 22, a first side plate 23 and a second side plate 24. The nozzle top plate 22 is fixedly connected to the mounting seat 1 to ensure that the position of the nozzle main block 2 is fixed. A top plate hole 221 is provided on the nozzle top plate 22. When the nozzle top plate 22 is fixed on the mounting seat 1, the top plate hole 221 is axially opposite to the laser through hole 11, so that the laser beam injected through the laser through hole 11 can enter the interior of the nozzle main block 2 through the top plate hole 221.

[0063] The ends of the first side plate 23 and the second side plate 24 are respectively fixed on opposite sides of the nozzle top plate 22, and a powder block installation space is formed between the first side plate 23 and the second side plate 24 on one side of the nozzle top plate 22. The nozzle powder block 3 is arranged in the powder block installation space and is respectively arranged on both sides of the first side plate 23 and the second side plate 24, and the two sides of the nozzle powder block 3 are rotatably connected to the first side plate 23 and the second side plate 24 respectively. Usually, the first side plate 23 and the second side plate 24 are both perpendicular to the nozzle top plate 22, and the distance between the first side plate 23 and the second side plate 24 is the same as the width of the nozzle powder block 3. The first side plate 23 and the second side plate 24 respectively limit the position of the nozzle powder block 3 from both sides of the nozzle powder block 3 to ensure the position stability of the nozzle powder block 3 when rotating.

[0064] In a preferred embodiment of the coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance of the present application, as Figure 7 As shown, the first side plate 23 is integrally connected with the nozzle top plate 22 and is formed from the same raw material. The structure in which the first side plate 23 and the nozzle top plate 22 are integrally formed can improve the structural stability of the nozzle main block 2. A mounting hole is provided at one end of the second side plate 24, and the second side plate 24 is fixed to the side of the nozzle top plate 22 by screws passing through the mounting hole. The arrangement in which the second side plate 24 is fixed to the nozzle top plate 22 by screws can facilitate the installation of the nozzle powder block 3 between the first side plate 23 and the second side plate 24.

[0065] The limit block 21 is fixed on the nozzle top plate 22 and the side of the second side plate 24 by screws, and the limit block 21 and the powder block adjustment device 4 pass through the limit block 21 and are connected with the nozzle powder block 3. Usually, the limit block 21 can be fixed on the nozzle top plate 22 after the limit block 21 and the powder block adjustment device 4 are installed and connected, so as to improve the convenience of installing the powder block adjustment device 4.

[0066] The laser cladding equipment of the present application uses the coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance of any embodiment of the present application, and also has the advantages of the corresponding embodiments of the coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance of the present application.

[0067] In the description of the present invention, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "specific embodiment", "preferred embodiment" and the like means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In the present invention, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0068] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance, characterized in that: The invention comprises a mounting seat (1), a nozzle main block (2), a nozzle powder block (3) and a powder block adjustment device (4), wherein the mounting seat (1) is provided with a laser passage hole (11), the nozzle main block (2) is mounted on the mounting seat (1) and is provided with a powder block installation space in communication with the laser passage hole (11), two nozzle powder blocks (3) are provided, the two nozzle powder blocks (3) are arranged on opposite sides of the powder block installation space and are rotatably connected to the nozzle main block (2), a powder delivery channel is provided inside the nozzle powder block (3), the powder delivery channels of the two nozzle powder blocks (3) are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the laser passage hole (11), and the powder block adjustment device (4) is provided between the nozzle powder block (3) and the nozzle main block (2) so as to be able to synchronously adjust the angle between the two nozzle powder blocks (3) and the central axis of the laser passage hole (11).

2. The coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The nozzle powder block (3) comprises a powder block bottom plate (31) and a powder block cover plate (32), wherein the powder block cover plate (32) is fixed on the outer side of the powder block bottom plate (31), the laser avoidance groove (311) is arranged on the inner side of the powder block bottom plate (31), and a powder feeding groove (321) is arranged on the inner side of the powder block cover plate (32), one end of the powder feeding groove (321) extends and opens to an end of the powder block cover plate (32) away from the mounting seat (1), and an end of the powder block cover plate (32) adjacent to the mounting seat (1) is provided with a powder inlet (322) connected to the powder feeding groove (321).

3. The coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A plurality of powder-distributing blocks (323) are arranged in the powder feeding trough (321); the plurality of powder-distributing blocks (323) are arranged in at least two groups; the powder-distributing blocks (323) in each group are arranged in a transversely spaced relationship in the powder feeding trough (321); and the powder-distributing blocks (323) in different groups are arranged in a staggered manner in the powder feeding trough (321).

4. The coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A water cooling groove (324) is arranged on the outer side surface of the powder block cover plate (32), and the nozzle powder block (3) further comprises a powder block cover plate (33), wherein the powder block cover plate (33) is fixed to the outer side of the powder block cover plate (32) and covers the water cooling groove (324), and a first cooling water inlet (331) and a second cooling water inlet (332) which are connected to the water cooling groove (324) are arranged on the powder block cover plate (33).

5. The coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Bottom plate rotating shaft holes (312) are arranged at relative positions on both sides of the powder block bottom plate (31), a main block rotating shaft hole (201) is arranged at a corresponding position of the nozzle main block (2), and a bottom plate rotating shaft (34) is arranged in the bottom plate rotating shaft hole (312) and the main block rotating shaft hole (201).

6. The coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The powder block adjustment device (4) comprises a powder block adjustment screw (41), a powder block driving structure (42) and two powder block connecting shafts (43). Adjustment threads with opposite rotation directions are arranged at both ends of the powder block adjustment screw (41). The powder block driving structure (42) is drivingly connected to the powder block adjustment screw (41). A bottom plate adjustment groove (313) is arranged at one end of the powder block bottom plate (31) adjacent to the mounting seat (1). Connecting shaft holes (314) are arranged on the side walls on both sides of the bottom plate adjustment groove (313). The two ends of the powder block connecting shaft (43) are respectively rotatably mounted in the connecting shaft holes (314) on both sides of the bottom plate adjustment groove (313). A rotating shaft threaded hole (431) is arranged on the middle side wall of the powder block connecting shaft (43), and the rotating shaft threaded hole (431) is respectively screwed onto the adjustment threads at both ends of the powder block adjustment screw (41).

7. The coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The nozzle main block (2) is provided with a limit block (21), an end of the limit block (21) is provided with an adjusting screw groove (211), the limit block (21) is fixed on the nozzle main block (2) and is located outside the powder block bottom plate (31), a screw clamping groove (411) is provided on the powder block adjusting screw (41), and the powder block adjusting screw (41) is clamped in the adjusting screw groove (211) through the screw clamping groove (411), and the powder block driving structure (42) is a hand wheel, and the hand wheel is fixed to the end of the powder block adjusting screw (41) outside the adjusting screw groove (211).

8. The coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The nozzle main block (2) comprises a nozzle top plate (22), a first side plate (23) and a second side plate (24); the mounting seat (1) is fixed on the nozzle top plate (22); a top plate hole (221) corresponding to the laser passage hole (11) is provided on the nozzle top plate (22); the first side plate (23) and the second side plate (24) are respectively fixed on opposite sides of the nozzle top plate (22); the powder block mounting space is formed between the first side plate (23) and the second side plate (24); and the nozzle powder block (3) is respectively rotatably connected between the two sides of the first side plate (23) and the two sides of the second side plate (24).

9. The coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The first side plate (23) is integrally connected to the nozzle top plate (22); one end of the second side plate (24) is fixedly connected to the nozzle top plate (22) via a connecting structure; a limit block (21) is fixedly provided on the nozzle top plate (22); and the powder block adjustment device (4) passes through the limit block (21) and is connected to the nozzle powder block (3).

10. A laser cladding device, characterized in that: It comprises a coaxial wide-band powder feeding cladding nozzle with adjustable powder feeding distance according to any one of claims 1-9.

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