A reinforced combustion device with a sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure having an ignition function

Abstract

The application discloses a reinforced combustion device with a sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure and a ignition function, and relates to the technical field of aero-engine combustion chambers.The reinforced combustion device comprises an inner shell, a vice oil path fuel injection port, a main oil path fuel injection port, an outer shell and a spherical collision platform.The inner shell is provided with a first air inlet and internally provided with a primary swirler, and simultaneously serves as a grounding electrode of the sliding arc discharge;the vice oil path fuel injection port is in communication with a vice oil path and located in the wall body of the inner shell;the main oil path fuel injection port is in communication with a main oil path and located on an end cover which extends into the cavity of the inner shell;the outer shell is provided with a second air inlet and internally provided with a secondary swirler;and the spherical collision platform serves as a high-voltage electrode and is embedded on the end cover.The change of the position of the spherical collision platform can make atomization more flexible, realize the satisfaction of the atomization needs of fuel under multiple working conditions, and ensure the rapid and efficient atomization of fuel.The main and vice oil paths can satisfy different oil supply needs of different working conditions and provide stable thrust for the engine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of aviation engine combustion chambers, and in particular to an enhanced combustion device with a sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure and an ignition function. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of aviation technology, aircraft engines are placing higher demands on combustion chamber ignition reliability and combustion efficiency to adapt to diverse operating conditions. Therefore, future aircraft engine development trends will focus on improving stability, thrust-to-weight ratio, and reducing pollutant emissions. To achieve these goals, exploring more stable, efficient, and economical combustion technologies has become a key solution.

[0003] To address issues such as poor fuel atomization and low combustion efficiency, current combustion chamber heads and nozzles commonly utilize centrifugal and pneumatic atomization methods. Centrifugal atomization excels in forming an atomizing cone angle, but requires high oil pressure. While pneumatic atomization can refine droplets and atomize highly viscous liquids, its significant drawback is its high compressed air consumption. Due to the harsh operating environment of the combustion chamber head, fuel atomization is often unsatisfactory. Excessively large atomized particle size, a narrow atomizing cone angle, and the power requirements of the atomization process have all severely constrained the development of aircraft engines.

[0004] For engines, atomization quality is directly related to ignition, combustion efficiency, and flame stability. Atomization is the process of breaking liquid fuel into fine droplets through the nozzle, ensuring rapid and complete combustion, a more complete combustion process, and reducing pollutant emissions. Research has shown that the impact of fuel on the wall, which causes the fuel to break into fine droplets, can effectively improve fuel atomization. Therefore, collision atomization has gradually become an important method for improving fuel atomization.

[0005] When fuel atomization reaches ideal levels, the ignition process within the engine becomes crucial. With increasing research, plasma ignition technology has demonstrated significant potential to surpass traditional ignition methods. Plasma ignition creates a localized high-temperature zone through discharge, generating a large number of reactive particles that rapidly ignite the combustible mixture. Compared to traditional ignition methods, plasma ignition covers a wider area and reduces ignition delay. Consequently, plasma technology has garnered widespread attention due to its significant potential for improving ignition and combustion performance.

[0006] Research and development of plasma ignition and combustion-supporting combustor heads are now well established. Plasma excitation significantly improves fuel atomization and combustion efficiency. Although the combustion chamber operating environment is relatively harsh, the plasma combustor head has significantly improved atomization. The potential of plasma in resolving atomization and ignition issues still warrants further research.

[0007] The Chinese invention patent application with application number 201910062320.2, named "Porous Atomized Plasma Fuel Nozzle", has the advantage of effectively broadening the ignition boundary and realizing multiple ignition and reuse functions, thereby improving combustion efficiency and ignition reliability; the disadvantage is that it cannot maintain a good atomization level under high fuel flow conditions.

[0008] The Chinese invention patent application, application number 201811577418.3, is titled "A Plasma-Assisted Atomization Ignition Nozzle for an Aircraft Engine Combustion Chamber." The advantages of this method are that it can effectively reduce engine combustion chamber ignition delay time, improve fuel combustion efficiency, and meet the requirements for low pollutant emissions. However, its disadvantage is that the nozzle structure is relatively simple, which prevents the fuel from achieving good atomization. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The object of the present invention is to provide an enhanced combustion device with a sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure having an ignition function, which can adjust the atomization cone angle and the atomization particle size to achieve good atomization under different working conditions.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present application is: an enhanced combustion device with a sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure having an ignition function, comprising:

[0011] An inner casing, which is provided with a first air inlet and a primary cyclone inside, and the inner casing also serves as a grounding electrode for sliding arc discharge;

[0012] A secondary oil circuit fuel nozzle, connected to the secondary oil circuit and located in the wall of the inner shell;

[0013] a main oil circuit fuel nozzle, connected to the main oil circuit and located on the end cover, the end cover extending into the cavity of the inner shell;

[0014] an outer shell having a second air inlet formed thereon and a secondary cyclone disposed therein;

[0015] The spherical collision table, serving as the high-voltage electrode, is embedded in the end cap.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fuel enters the main oil circuit through the main oil circuit fuel inlet on the end cover and is then ejected from the main oil circuit fuel nozzle to form a fuel spray; the fuel also enters the auxiliary oil circuit through the auxiliary oil circuit fuel inlet on the inner shell and is then ejected from the auxiliary oil circuit fuel nozzle.

[0017] As a preferred solution of the present invention, an oil storage cavity and an oil cavity passage are provided on the end cover. The oil storage cavity is connected to the main oil circuit through the oil cavity passage. The spherical collision platform is installed in the oil storage cavity.

[0018] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the end cover is further provided with a mounting cavity, an oil seal is provided between the mounting cavity and the oil storage cavity, an elastic member is provided in the mounting cavity, and the spherical collision platform is connected to the end cover via the elastic member.

[0019] As a preferred solution of the present invention, when the oil pressure in the oil storage chamber is insufficient to stretch the spring, the spherical collision platform extends a short distance, and the fuel is sprayed out through the main oil circuit fuel nozzle and impacts the spherical collision platform, and the fuel is immediately broken into fine droplets after the collision.

[0020] As a preferred solution of the present invention, when the oil pressure in the oil storage chamber is sufficient to stretch the spring, the spherical collision platform extends a long distance, and the fuel is sprayed out through the main oil circuit fuel nozzle and impacts the collision platform to achieve further atomization of the fuel.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the air entering the first gas channel through the first air inlet generates a primary rotating airflow after flowing through the primary cyclone. The primary rotating airflow serves as the working carrier gas for the sliding arc discharge and also provides aerodynamic force for the re-atomization of the oil mist. At the same time, the air entering the second gas channel through the second air inlet generates a secondary rotating airflow after flowing through the secondary cyclone. The secondary rotating airflow not only provides aerodynamic force for the atomization of the oil mist but also mixes with the oil mist to form an oil-gas mixture.

[0022] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the sliding arc is generated at the shortest distance between the spherical collision platform and the inner shell. Under the action of the primary swirling gas, it makes a circular motion along the central axis of the main oil circuit and also slides toward the oil mist along the direction of air flow.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the active particles generated during the sliding arc discharge come into contact with the fuel droplets. Due to the thermal effect of the sliding arc discharge, the oil mist is vaporized and interacts with the generated active particles to produce intermediate products that are conducive to combustion.

[0024] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the fuel nozzles of the auxiliary oil circuit are cross-spray holes, so that the fuels in different oil circuits collide when spraying.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention can achieve the following technical effects:

[0026] 1. The collision atomization method ensures that the fuel is quickly and efficiently broken into fine droplets, while the cross nozzle design produces an oil mist with a larger atomization cone angle and smaller atomized particle size. Both methods can achieve excellent fuel atomization effect.

[0027] 2. The spherical collision platform can adjust its angle with the main fuel nozzle according to the oil pressure in the oil reservoir. To meet different operating conditions, the position of the spherical collision platform can be adjusted to move it closer to or further away from the nozzle, thereby adjusting the atomized particle size and atomization cone angle.

[0028] 3. After the well-atomized oil mist mixes with the air, it forms a uniform oil-air mixture, which makes the oil mist easier to ignite. In addition, the active particles produced by the sliding arc discharge can effectively improve the combustion efficiency of the fuel and enhance the stability of the flame. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or descriptions of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of an enhanced combustion device with a sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure having an ignition function;

[0031] Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of the enhanced combustion device with a sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure and ignition function;

[0032] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the working of the enhanced combustion device with a sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure and ignition function;

[0033] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the work for changing the position of the spherical collision platform;

[0034] Figure 5 A three-dimensional cross-sectional view of an enhanced combustion device with a sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure having an ignition function;

[0035] Explanation of the numbers in the figure: 1. End cover; 2. First air inlet; 3. Inner casing; 4. First-stage cyclone; 5. Second-stage cyclone; 6. Outer casing; 7. Auxiliary oil circuit fuel nozzle; 8. Main oil circuit fuel nozzle; 9. Second air inlet; 10. Auxiliary oil circuit fuel inlet; 11. Main oil circuit fuel inlet; 12. Elastic member; 13. Oil chamber passage; 14. Oil seal; 15. Spherical collision platform; 16. Oil storage chamber; 17. First gas channel; 18. Active particles; 19. Sliding arc discharge zone; 20. Fuel atomization zone; 21. Second gas channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by this application more clearly understood, this application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0037] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being “fixed on” or “disposed on” another element, it may be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being “connected to” another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.

[0038] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. "Several" means one or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0039] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application.

[0040] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; they can refer to internal communication between two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0041] When the engine is working at high altitude, due to the influence of air pressure and air temperature, the working environment of the plasma ignition and auxiliary atomization combustion chamber head is harsh, so there are the following problems: 1. There is still a lot of room for improvement in improving the fuel atomization level, and it takes a long time for the fuel to achieve good atomization effect under normal conditions. 2. It is impossible to meet the regulation of the atomization cone angle and the atomization particle size according to different working conditions, and it cannot meet the requirements of achieving good atomization under different working conditions. 3. The oxygen content of high-altitude air is low, resulting in a decrease in the ignition success rate, poor combustion efficiency and stability. In order to solve the above problems, this embodiment provides an enhanced combustion device with a sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure with an ignition function, such as Figure 1-2 Shown, including:

[0042] The inner shell can be made of metal material and is provided with a first air inlet and a first-stage cyclone inside. The air entering through the first air inlet 2 can generate a first-stage swirling airflow, further enhancing the atomization of the fuel. The inner shell also serves as the grounding electrode for the sliding arc discharge.

[0043] The auxiliary oil circuit fuel nozzle is connected to the auxiliary oil circuit and is located in the wall of the inner shell; the auxiliary oil circuit fuel inlet 10 on the fuel inner shell 3 enters the auxiliary oil circuit and is then sprayed out from the auxiliary oil circuit fuel nozzle 7 to form a fuel spray;

[0044] The main oil circuit fuel nozzle is connected to the main oil circuit and is located on the end cover. The end cover extends into the cavity of the inner shell. The fuel enters the main oil circuit through the main oil circuit fuel inlet 11 on the end cover 1 and is then sprayed out from the main oil circuit fuel nozzle 8 to form a fuel spray.

[0045] The outer shell has a fuel atomization area with a gradually expanding structure; the outer shell is provided with a second air inlet and a secondary cyclone inside, which can generate a secondary rotating airflow from the air entering through the second air inlet 9, thereby achieving the purpose of auxiliary atomization and forming an oil-air mixture with the oil mist;

[0046] The spherical collision platform is connected to the power output terminal as a high-voltage electrode and is connected to the end cover 1 through an elastic member;

[0047] When the aircraft does not require high thrust during cruising, the main oil circuit can supply fuel to the combustion chamber alone. When the aircraft needs high thrust during climbing or acceleration, the main and auxiliary oil circuits can jointly supply fuel to the combustion chamber to provide the required thrust for the engine.

[0048] As a preferred embodiment provided in this embodiment, the end cap is provided with a mounting cavity, an oil storage cavity, and an oil cavity passage 13. The oil storage cavity is connected to the main oil circuit via the oil cavity passage, and the spherical collision platform is installed in the oil storage cavity. An oil seal 14 is provided between the mounting cavity and the oil storage cavity 16, and an elastic member 12 is provided in the mounting cavity, through which the spherical collision platform is connected to the end cap. It should be noted that a portion of the fuel in the main oil circuit can enter the oil storage cavity 16 through the oil cavity passage 13. Under normal circumstances, the spring is in a natural state. When the oil supply pressure is low, the oil pressure in the oil storage cavity 16 is insufficient to stretch the spring, and the spherical collision platform 15 extends a short distance. After the main oil circuit fuel is ejected through the main oil circuit fuel nozzle 8, it impacts the spherical collision platform 15. The fuel is immediately broken into fine droplets after the collision, enhancing the atomization effect of the fuel ejected from the main oil circuit. Moreover, after the collision, the fuel still has a relatively good penetration angle, ensuring that the oil mist can fill the entire ignition area. When the oil pressure in reservoir 16 is sufficient to stretch the spring, spherical collision platform 15 extends further. The ejected fuel impacts the collision platform, further atomizing the fuel and enhancing the atomization effect. The extension distance of spherical collision platform 15 can be adjusted based on the oil pressure entering reservoir 16, thereby adjusting the fuel atomization cone angle and droplet size under different operating conditions.

[0049] As a preferred implementation provided in this embodiment, the auxiliary oil circuit fuel nozzle 7 is a cross-spray hole. The fuel in different oil circuits collides when sprayed, and an oil mist with a larger atomization cone angle and a smaller atomization particle size can be obtained, which effectively improves the fuel atomization performance.

[0050] like Figure 3 As shown, air entering first gas channel 17 through first air inlet 2 generates a primary swirling airflow after passing through primary cyclone 4. This swirling airflow serves as the working carrier gas for the sliding arc discharge and also provides aerodynamic force for the re-atomization of the oil mist. Simultaneously, air entering second gas channel 20 through second air inlet 9 is transformed into a secondary swirling airflow by secondary cyclone 5. This swirling airflow not only provides aerodynamic force for the atomization of the oil mist but also mixes with the oil mist to form an oil-air mixture. This good mixing of air and oil mist ensures that the oil-air mixture is easier to ignite, improving the ignition success rate while also ensuring a more complete fuel combustion process, thereby achieving stable and efficient fuel combustion.

[0051] The sliding arc is generated at the point where the sliding arc discharge zone between the spherical collision platform 15 and the inner shell 3 is shortest. Under the influence of the primary swirling gas, it moves in a circular motion along the central axis of the main oil passage while also sliding toward the oil mist along the direction of air flow. Furthermore, the active particles 18 generated during the sliding arc discharge come into contact with the fuel droplets. The thermal effect of the sliding arc discharge vaporizes the oil mist, which interacts with the generated active particles 18 to produce intermediate products that are beneficial to combustion. This increases the chemical reaction rate of combustion, facilitates ignition, and improves fuel combustion efficiency, providing stable propulsion while effectively reducing polluting emissions.

[0052] like Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the spherical collision platform can adjust the nozzle angle according to different working conditions, so that the fuel can maintain a good atomization cone angle and atomization particle size under different fuel supply pressures, thereby achieving the fuel atomization needs under different working conditions.

[0053] The process of atomization and ignition of this device includes:

[0054] S1: Fuel enters the main fuel circuit through main fuel inlet 11, is ejected through main fuel nozzle 8, and collides with a spherical collision platform 15, achieving rapid and efficient atomization. Fuel enters the auxiliary fuel circuit through auxiliary fuel inlet 10 and is ejected through auxiliary fuel nozzle 7. Under normal conditions, the main fuel circuit alone supplies fuel. When the engine requires greater thrust, both fuel circuits can jointly supply fuel to the combustion chamber.

[0055] S2: Air enters the first gas channel 17 from the first air inlet 2, and another stream of air enters the second gas channel 20 from the second air inlet 9 and is converted into a rotating airflow under the action of the cyclone, causing the sliding arc to slide along the swirl direction and provide aerodynamic force for the oil mist to help it be secondary atomized.

[0056] S3: Power is supplied, and a sliding arc is generated in the sliding arc discharge area 19;

[0057] S4: Under the action of the primary swirling gas, the sliding arc performs circular motion along the axial direction of the main oil channel and approaches the oil mist along the airflow direction. At this time, the oil mist is ignited under the action of the sliding arc, completing the ignition process.

[0058] S5: After the ignition is successful, the power supply continues to supply power, and the active particles 18 generated by the sliding arc ionizing the air can further combine with the oil mist to improve the fuel combustion efficiency.

[0059] The effect of this embodiment is that Figure 5As shown, the spherical collision platform and cross-nozzle structure enable multiple atomization methods to be implemented simultaneously, effectively meeting the fuel atomization requirements before ignition and ensuring excellent fuel atomization even under high fuel flow conditions. Changing the position of the spherical collision platform allows for more flexible atomization, meeting the fuel atomization requirements under various operating conditions and ensuring rapid and efficient fuel atomization. The main and auxiliary oil circuits meet the varying fuel supply requirements under different operating conditions, providing stable engine thrust. Subsequently, sliding arc ignition provides greater ignition energy. Excellent atomization and advanced ignition technology ensure aircraft engine ignition reliability and combustion stability, meeting the needs of future aircraft engine development.

[0060] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure enhanced combustion device with ignition function, characterized in that: include: An inner casing, which is provided with a first air inlet and a primary cyclone inside, and the inner casing also serves as a grounding electrode for sliding arc discharge; A secondary oil circuit fuel nozzle, connected to the secondary oil circuit and located in the wall of the inner shell; a main oil circuit fuel nozzle, connected to the main oil circuit and located on the end cover, the end cover extending into the cavity of the inner shell; an outer shell having a second air inlet formed thereon and a secondary cyclone disposed therein; The spherical collision table, serving as the high-voltage electrode, is embedded in the end cap.

2. The enhanced combustion device of the sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure with ignition function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel enters the main oil circuit through the main oil circuit fuel inlet on the end cover, and is then ejected from the main oil circuit fuel nozzle to form a fuel spray; the fuel also enters the auxiliary oil circuit through the auxiliary oil circuit fuel inlet on the inner shell, and is then ejected from the auxiliary oil circuit fuel nozzle.

3. The enhanced combustion device of the sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure with ignition function according to claim 1, characterized in that: An oil storage cavity and an oil cavity passage are formed on the end cover. The oil storage cavity is connected with the main oil circuit through the oil cavity passage. The spherical collision platform is installed in the oil storage cavity.

4. The enhanced combustion device of the sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure with ignition function according to claim 3, characterized in that: The end cover is also provided with a mounting cavity, an oil seal ring is provided between the mounting cavity and the oil storage cavity, an elastic member is provided in the mounting cavity, and the spherical collision platform is connected to the end cover through the elastic member.

5. The enhanced combustion device of the sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure with ignition function according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the oil pressure in the oil storage chamber is not enough to stretch the spring, the spherical collision platform extends a short distance, and the fuel is sprayed out through the fuel nozzle of the main oil circuit and hits the spherical collision platform. The fuel is immediately broken into small droplets after the collision.

6. The enhanced combustion device of the sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure with ignition function according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the oil pressure in the oil storage chamber is sufficient to stretch the spring, the spherical collision platform extends a long distance, and the fuel is sprayed out through the fuel nozzle of the main oil circuit and impacts the collision platform to achieve further atomization of the fuel.

7. The enhanced combustion device of the sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure with ignition function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air entering the first gas channel through the first air inlet generates a primary rotating airflow after flowing through the primary cyclone. The primary rotating airflow serves as the working carrier gas for the sliding arc discharge and also provides aerodynamic force for the re-atomization of the oil mist. At the same time, the air entering the second gas channel through the second air inlet generates a secondary rotating airflow after flowing through the secondary cyclone. The secondary rotating airflow not only provides aerodynamic force for the atomization of the oil mist but also mixes with the oil mist to form an oil-gas mixture.

8. The enhanced combustion device of the sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure with ignition function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding arc is generated at the shortest distance between the spherical collision platform and the inner shell. Under the action of the primary swirling gas, it makes a circular motion along the central axis of the main oil channel and also slides towards the oil mist along the direction of air flow.

9. The enhanced combustion device of the sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure with ignition function according to claim 8, characterized in that: The active particles generated during the sliding arc discharge come into contact with the fuel droplets. The thermal effect of the sliding arc discharge causes the oil mist to vaporize and interact with the generated active particles to produce intermediate products that are conducive to combustion.

10. The enhanced combustion device of the sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure with ignition function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel nozzles of the auxiliary oil circuit are cross-spray holes, so that the fuels in different oil circuits collide when spraying.

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