A heat treatment method for camellia oleifera shells

Abstract

The invention discloses a heat treatment method for camellia oleifera shells, comprising: loading camellia oleifera shells into at least two pyrolysis furnaces, weighing the mass of the camellia oleifera shells, and determining the water content G of the camellia oleifera shells. W ; Calculate the mass of liquid products completely produced by pyrolysis of camellia oleifera shells; Heat up, pyrolyze the camellia oleifera shells in the pyrolysis furnace at a set heat treatment temperature Ta, collect the pyrolysis liquid products and monitor the mass of the liquid products in real time until the mass of the collected liquid products is consistent with the mass of the calculated liquid products; During the pyrolysis process, heat is exchanged between different pyrolysis furnaces, heat is fully utilized, and the thermal energy utilization rate is high, so that the waste heat between the pyrolysis furnaces can be mutually utilized; The heat treatment time is accurately controlled, the heat treatment end time is accurately controlled, and the heat treatment process of the camellia oleifera shells is accurately controlled with low energy consumption; The present invention has accurate heat treatment processes and heat treatment durations for camellia oleifera shells with different moisture contents and different types, a high degree of automation, convenient operation, strong adaptability, and a wide range of applications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a heat treatment method for agricultural and forestry wastes, in particular to a heat treatment method for oil-tea camellia shells, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural and forestry waste processing. Background Art

[0002] At present, the total planting area of ​​camellia oleifera in my country is about 4.6 million hectares, the annual fruit production is about 18 million tons, and the annual discarded camellia oleifera shells can reach 9-10 million tons. A large amount of camellia oleifera shells (CFS) are currently mainly processed quickly through composting or burning, which has low value and causes environmental pollution. The direction of its high-value utilization needs to be studied.

[0003] In order to realize the transformation of camellia oleifera shell into treasure, application number CN201810852130.6 discloses a method for utilizing all components of camellia oleifera shell raw materials, which includes adding camellia oleifera shell to an acidic solution reaction system, filtering and separating the solid and liquid after the reaction is completed, neutralizing, decolorizing, and ion-exchanging the liquid product respectively as a reaction substrate, adding a Ni-based catalyst, forming a reaction system, and preparing xylitol with high yield. The solid residue is washed with water until the filtrate is neutral, and a Mo-based catalyst, a hydrogen supply reagent, and a two-phase solvent system are added to react. After the reaction is completed, it is filtered to obtain a fuel containing 2,5-dimethylfuran and a secondary solid residue. The secondary solid residue is then subjected to catalytic rapid pyrolysis to obtain a liquid product rich in phenolic substances. Application No. CN201810441347.8 discloses a method for multi-level value-added utilization of oil tea shells. The oil tea shells are first crushed to pass through a 60-mesh sieve, and tea saponins and tannins in the oil tea shells are obtained by ultrasonic-microwave collaborative step-by-step extraction process. A small amount of bran is added to the primary waste residue and then inoculated with edible fungi. When the fungi are full of substrates, the temperature is increased and lysozyme is added to promote the autolysis of edible fungal mycelium, release cellulase and hemicellulase, and obtain prebiotics rich in oligocellulose polysaccharides, oligopentoses and peptidoglycans. The secondary tea shell waste residue with high lignin content is then prepared by low-temperature microwave catalytic rapid cracking technology to prepare aromatic compounds, which are used as precursors for producing edible flavors after separation and purification, and the remaining biochar is steam activated for activated carbon for decolorization in the food industry. This method combines the three major industries of oil tea edible oil processing, food additives and biomass refining, and proposes a new process for multi-level value-added utilization of tea shells, which can eventually achieve a new way to efficiently value-added utilization of oil tea shell resources without waste throughout the process. Application No. CN202411061426.8 discloses a modified oil tea shell biochar for soil heavy metal pollution control and its preparation method and application, the method comprising: pyrolyzing and carbonizing the oil tea shell after anaerobic fermentation, and modifying the obtained oil tea shell biochar, that is, obtaining the modified oil tea shell biochar. The invention also applies the obtained modified oil tea shell biochar to soil heavy metal control, effectively controls the heavy metal cadmium in the soil, and at the same time improves the soil structure and improves the soil environmental quality. The method is simple and easy to promote and apply. Application No. CN202410831338.5 discloses a biochar modified material with a high adsorption capacity for phosphorus and its preparation method and application. The method uses calcium hydroxide to modify the oil tea shell, and then pyrolyzes the modified oil tea shell at high temperature to obtain the biochar modified material. The prepared biochar modified material has an adsorption capacity of phosphorus of more than 227 mg / g, which can effectively control phosphorus pollution in the environment. And the preparation method provided by the present invention is simple, low cost, and is conducive to industrial production.Application No. CN201910649693.X discloses a formula and preparation process of high-combustion biomass pellets. The formula raw materials are: corn stalks, corn cobs, wheat straw, wheat stems and leaves, peanut shells, tea oil shells, bean pods, rice husks, cottonseed husks, bark, animal feces, sawdust, glycerin, ethanol solution and combustion aid; high-combustion biomass pellets are formed through air drying, primary crushing, heat exchange, carbonization, secondary crushing and granulation. The high-combustion biomass pellets have the advantages of efficient dehydration in the preparation process and efficient combustion of biomass pellets, and are suitable for promotion in the field of biomass pellets. Application No. CN201910057744.X discloses a method for preparing gas, liquid and charcoal products by pyrolysis of biomass. The method comprises the following steps: firstly mixing biomass raw materials such as sawdust, bamboo chips, chestnut husks, oil tea shells and the residues of branches and leaves after extracting essential oils from natural spices with water, controlling the moisture content of the raw materials to be between 25% and 80%, and then loading the raw materials into a cracking furnace; introducing an inert gas or extracting the air in the system before cracking; performing programmed temperature cracking, with the dwelling temperatures of 150°C, 200°C, 300°C, 400°C during the heating process and a final temperature of 500°C; the liquid obtained by cracking is mainly an aqueous solution of acetic acid, furan and phenol derivative organic compounds, the uncondensed combustible gases are mainly H2, CO, methane, ethane and propane, and the solid is biochar; adding 0.1% to 20% of the mass of the biomass raw materials, such as phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, etc., can improve the selectivity of furfural. Application No. CN201811481337.3 discloses a method for preparing activated carbon using camellia oleifera shell as raw material, comprising the following steps: S1, mixing of raw materials; S2, high-temperature carbonization: taking the mixed material obtained in step S1 and placing it in a muffle furnace for carbonization treatment to obtain a carbonized material; wherein the carbonization temperature is 265-310°C, and the carbonization time is 38-52min; S3, activation; S4, rinsing and drying; S5, powdering; S6, mixing; S7, granulation: taking the mixed material obtained in step S6 and using a screw extruder Or a hydraulic granulator is used to form and granulate to obtain a granular material, and the granular raw material is dried to a moisture content of 24%-32%; S8, secondary physical activation: the dried granular material obtained in step S7 is placed in an external combustion converter, and when the temperature in the furnace is raised to a production temperature of 615°C-645°C, high-temperature steam is introduced for secondary activation to obtain a secondary activated material; S9, cooling and screening: the secondary activated material obtained in step S8 is cooled to room temperature, crushed, and passed through a 180-200 mesh sieve to obtain an activated carbon product. The activated carbon prepared by this method has a high specific surface area and good adsorption performance.Application No. CN201810657102.9 discloses a magnetic camellia shell biochar and a preparation method thereof, the method comprising: pyrolyzing the camellia shell, first introducing nitrogen, heating to 550-600°C, switching the nitrogen to carbon dioxide and maintaining for 0.8-1.5h, cooling to obtain pyrolytic carbon, reacting the pyrolytic carbon with a sulfuric acid solution, separating the solid and the liquid, washing the solid to neutrality and drying to obtain activated biochar. The activated carbon is reacted with an iron solution, a ferrous solution and a urea solution, after the reaction, the solid and the liquid are separated, the solid is washed to neutrality, and dried to obtain magnetic camellia shell biochar. The method is simple to operate, and the prepared magnetic camellia shell biochar has a large surface area and a strong adsorption capacity. The present invention proposes a magnetic camellia shell biochar, which is prepared by the above method.

[0004] In summary, there are many existing methods for processing camellia oleifera shells, among which heat treatment is widely used due to its high processing efficiency, simple method and high product utilization value. However, due to the high moisture content of camellia oleifera shells in the early stage of heat treatment, heat is required for drying. In the middle stage, the camellia oleifera shells undergo a decomposition reaction, and this process releases heat. In the existing heat treatment process, since there is only a heating system, and there is a lack of a heat exchange system and a heat exchange process, it is impossible to truly achieve precise control of the heat treatment temperature of the camellia oleifera shells and the rational use of heat. Therefore, how to accurately control the treatment process so that the heat of the entire process is optimally utilized, thereby reducing heat loss in the entire process and improving heat utilization plays an important role in reducing energy consumption and achieving dual carbon goals. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for heat treatment of camellia shells in order to solve the technical problems that the heat treatment time in the existing camellia shell utilization process is determined only according to operating experience, that is, after reaching the set heat treatment temperature, the heat treatment time is kept warm for a certain period of time (usually 2 hours), which leads to inaccurate heat treatment time and a difference between the actual time required for the camellia shells to be heat treated to reach complete heat treatment, so that the heat treatment products are not only of poor quality and have high energy consumption, but also the heat generated by the heat treatment cannot be fully utilized, resulting in large energy loss and waste. The method of the present invention accurately detects the quality of the liquid product generated by the heat treatment of the camellia shells in real time, accurately controls the heat treatment time, and simultaneously exchanges the heat in the heat treatment process between multiple pyrolysis furnaces, so as to fully utilize the heat and achieve high thermal energy utilization rate; the heat treatment process is realized During the process, the waste heat between the pyrolysis furnaces is utilized for each other; and based on the heat treatment temperature of the oil tea shell, the temperature of the heat treatment process is accurately controlled through the coordinated work of the pyrolysis furnace heating, the heat exchange between the pyrolysis furnaces, and the heat generation of the pyrolysis of the oil tea shell, and a temperature accurate control method for heating when the pyrolysis temperature is low and exchanging heat when the heat is excess is realized; and through real-time monitoring of the weight of the liquid phase product of the pyrolysis treatment, the heat treatment end time is accurately controlled during the heat treatment process, so as to achieve accurate control of the heat treatment process of the oil tea shell; and the present invention can save energy and reduce thermal pollution, accurately control the heat treatment process, accurately control the total heat treatment time, have a high degree of automation, and is easy to operate in the process of treating oil tea shell waste. It can also be used for heat treatment of oil tea shells with different initial moisture contents and types, and has strong adaptability.

[0006] To achieve the purpose of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for heat treatment of camellia oleifera shells, comprising the following steps:

[0007] 1) Loading the camellia oleifera shells into at least two pyrolysis furnaces, and measuring the mass G1 and the water content G2 of the loaded camellia oleifera shells. W ; Calculate the mass G of the liquid product completely produced by pyrolysis of the loaded camellia shell A ;

[0008] 2) heating and heating the camellia oleifera shells loaded in the first pyrolysis furnace to perform pyrolysis treatment, wherein the pyrolysis treatment temperature is set to Ta;

[0009] 2A) When the temperature Tn in the pyrolysis furnace is lower than Ta, the pyrolysis furnace continues to be heated;

[0010] 2B) When the temperature Tn in the pyrolysis furnace is: Ta≤Tn≤(Ta+10)℃, stop heating;

[0011] 2C) When the temperature Tn in the pyrolysis furnace is: Tn>(Ta+10)℃, the heating is stopped and the excess heat in the pyrolysis furnace is transported through a pipeline to the second pyrolysis furnace filled with camellia oil shells, so as to heat the furnace body of the second pyrolysis furnace and the camellia oil shells to be pyrolyzed therein;

[0012] Steps 2B) and 2C) are performed alternately until the mass of the liquid product produced by pyrolysis of camellia shells in the first pyrolysis furnace reaches G A , the pyrolysis treatment of camellia shells in the first pyrolysis furnace was completed;

[0013] 3) According to the operation of step 2), the oil tea shells loaded in the remaining pyrolysis furnaces are pyrolyzed in turn.

[0014] Among them, the mass of liquid products completely produced by pyrolysis of camellia oleifera shell is G A According to formula (3),

[0015] G A =-0.12677+4.76298×10 -6 Ta 2 -1.44899×10 -7 ×Ta 2.5 +0.98G W (3)

[0016] In formula (3), G A is the mass of liquid product, kg; Ta is the pyrolysis temperature of camellia shell, °C; G W is the water content of the camellia oleifera shell loaded into the pyrolysis furnace, kg.

[0017] In particular, the water content G of the camellia oleifera shell in step 1) is W Determine as follows:

[0018] 1A) Determination of the initial moisture content M of the tea shell to be heat treated 初 ;

[0019] 1B) According to formula (5), calculate the absolute dry mass G of the oil tea shell loaded into the pyrolysis furnace: Y ,

[0020] G Y =G1 / (1+M 初 ) (5)

[0021] In formula (5): G Y is the absolute dry mass of camellia oleifera shell, kg; G1 is the mass of camellia oleifera shell, kg; M 初 is the initial moisture content of the tea oil shell to be treated, %;

[0022] 1C) Calculate the water content G of the oil tea shell according to formula (4): W ,

[0023] G W =G1-G Y (4).

[0024] In particular, the initial moisture content M in step 1A) is 初 Follow the steps below to perform the measurement:

[0025] 1A-1) randomly selecting a certain mass of camellia oleifera shells from the camellia oleifera shells to be heat-treated according to a random sampling method, weighing them, and recording the weight as G0;

[0026] 1A-2) Randomly weighed Camellia oleifera shells were placed in an oven for drying until they were absolutely dry and constant weight was reached, wherein the drying temperature was (100±3)°C; then the weight of the Camellia oleifera shells after absolute drying was weighed and recorded as G 干 ;

[0027] 1A-3) Calculate the initial moisture content M of the oil tea shell according to formula (1): 初 , formula (1) is as follows:

[0028] M 初 =(G0-G 干 ) / G 干 ×100% (1).

[0029] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for heat treatment of camellia oleifera shells, comprising the following steps in order:

[0030] 1) Determine the initial moisture content M 初 The camellia oleifera shells were loaded into three pyrolysis furnaces, and the mass of the camellia oleifera shells in the three pyrolysis furnaces was measured, which was recorded as G 1A , G 1B and G 1C Among them, the three pyrolysis furnaces are connected in series and in parallel with each other through heating pipes, and the excess heat generated by the pyrolysis of the oil tea shells in the pyrolysis furnaces is transported to the other two pyrolysis furnaces that are not undergoing pyrolysis treatment, so as to heat the pyrolysis furnaces and the oil tea shells inside them;

[0031] 2) Determine the water content of the tea oil shell in the first, second and third pyrolysis furnaces respectively, and record them as G 1AW , G 1BW and G 1CW ; Calculate the mass of liquid products completely produced by pyrolysis of camellia shells in the first, second and third pyrolysis furnaces, respectively, and record them as G 1A , G 1B , G 1C ;

[0032] 3) Pyrolysis treatment

[0033] The pyrolysis temperature of the camellia shell in the pyrolysis furnace is Ta; the temperatures in the first, second and third pyrolysis furnaces during the heat treatment process are respectively recorded as Ta1, Tb1 and Tc1; the three pyrolysis furnaces are cycled to perform pyrolysis treatment in turn, and when one of the pyrolysis furnaces is performing pyrolysis treatment, the corresponding pyrolysis gas condensation system is turned on to condense the pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis of the camellia shell, collect the liquid phase products of the pyrolysis, and monitor the quality of the liquid phase products in real time;

[0034] 3-1) Heat treatment of tea oil shells in the first pyrolysis furnace

[0035] 3-1A) Turn on the power supply to heat the first pyrolysis furnace, and gradually increase the temperature inside the furnace until the temperature inside the furnace reaches the pyrolysis temperature Ta of the oil tea shell, and then carry out pyrolysis treatment according to the following temperature conditions based on the temperature inside the furnace:

[0036] 3-1A-1) When the temperature inside the first pyrolysis furnace Ta1<Ta, the heating power supply of the first pyrolysis furnace is turned on to heat the first pyrolysis furnace;

[0037] 3-1A-2) When the temperature in the first pyrolysis furnace is Ta≤Ta1≤(Ta+10)°C, turn off the heating power of the first pyrolysis furnace;

[0038] 3-1A-3) When the temperature in the first pyrolysis furnace Ta1>(Ta+10)℃, turn off the heating power supply, and transfer the excess heat in the first pyrolysis furnace to the second pyrolysis furnace to heat the second pyrolysis furnace and the camellia shells loaded therein;

[0039] 3-1A-4) As the second pyrolysis furnace continues to be heated, the temperature in the first pyrolysis furnace decreases. When the temperature in the first pyrolysis furnace decreases to Ta≤Ta1≤(Ta+10)°C, the treatment is performed according to the temperature conditions of 3-1A-2);

[0040] According to the temperature conditions of 3-1A-2) and 3-1A-3), the temperature is adjusted in turn until the mass G of the liquid product produced by pyrolysis of tea oil shell in the first pyrolysis furnace is 1A , the pyrolysis of the oil tea shell in the first pyrolysis furnace is completed, the pyrolysis treatment is finished, and the pyrolysis gas condensation system and power supply of the first pyrolysis furnace are turned off;

[0041] 3-1B) Treatment of charcoal from the first pyrolysis furnace

[0042] After discharging the solid product charcoal obtained by heat treatment in the first pyrolysis furnace, the oil tea shells with the initial moisture content determined are loaded into the first pyrolysis furnace again, and the mass of the loaded oil tea shells is determined; then, according to "step 2", the absolute dry mass of the oil tea shells loaded in the first pyrolysis furnace, the mass of the water contained, and the mass of the liquid phase product of the pyrolysis treatment are determined;

[0043] 3-2) Heat treatment of tea oil shells in the second pyrolysis furnace

[0044] 3-2A) After the charcoal treatment in the first pyrolysis furnace is completed, the power is turned on to heat the second pyrolysis furnace, and the temperature inside the furnace body is gradually increased until the temperature inside the furnace reaches the pyrolysis temperature Ta of the oil tea shell, and then the pyrolysis treatment is carried out according to the following temperature conditions according to the temperature inside the furnace:

[0045] 3-2A-1) When the temperature inside the second pyrolysis furnace is Tb1<Ta, the heating power supply of the second pyrolysis furnace is turned on to heat the second pyrolysis furnace;

[0046] 3-2A-2) When the temperature in the second pyrolysis furnace is Ta≤Tb1≤(Ta+10)°C, turn off the heating power of the second pyrolysis furnace;

[0047] 3-2A-3) When the temperature in the second pyrolysis furnace Tb1>(Ta+10)°C, turn off the heating power supply, and transfer the excess heat in the second pyrolysis furnace to the third pyrolysis furnace to heat the third pyrolysis furnace and the camellia shells loaded therein;

[0048] 3-2A-4) As the third pyrolysis furnace continues to be heated, the temperature in the second pyrolysis furnace decreases. When the temperature in the second pyrolysis furnace decreases to Ta≤Tb1≤(Ta+10)°C, the treatment is performed according to the temperature conditions of 3-2A-2);

[0049] According to the temperature conditions of 3-2A-2) and 3-2A-3), the temperature is adjusted in turn until the mass G of the liquid product produced by pyrolysis of tea oil shell in the second pyrolysis furnace is 2A , the pyrolysis of the oil tea shell in the second pyrolysis furnace is completed, the pyrolysis treatment is finished, and the pyrolysis gas condensation system and power supply of the second pyrolysis furnace are turned off;

[0050] 3-2B) Carbon treatment of the second pyrolysis furnace

[0051] After the solid product charcoal obtained by heat treatment in the second pyrolysis furnace is discharged, the oil tea shells with the initial moisture content measured are loaded into the second pyrolysis furnace again, and the mass of the loaded oil tea shells is measured; then, the absolute dry mass, the mass of the water contained, and the mass of the liquid product of the pyrolysis treatment of the oil tea shells loaded in the second pyrolysis furnace are measured according to "Step 2";

[0052] 3-3) Heat treatment of tea oil shells in the third pyrolysis furnace

[0053] 3-3A) After the charcoal treatment in the second pyrolysis furnace is completed, the power is turned on to heat the third pyrolysis furnace, and the temperature inside the furnace body is gradually increased until the temperature inside the furnace reaches the pyrolysis temperature Ta of the oil tea shell, and then the pyrolysis treatment is carried out according to the following temperature conditions according to the temperature inside the furnace:

[0054] 3-3A-1) When the temperature inside the third pyrolysis furnace is Tc1<Ta, the heating power supply of the third pyrolysis furnace is turned on to heat the third pyrolysis furnace;

[0055] 3-3A-2) When the temperature in the third pyrolysis furnace is Ta≤Tc1≤(Ta+10)°C, turn off the heating power of the third pyrolysis furnace;

[0056] 3-3A-3) When the temperature in the third pyrolysis furnace Tc1>(Ta+10)°C, turn off the heating power supply, and transfer the excess heat in the third pyrolysis furnace to the first pyrolysis furnace to heat the first pyrolysis furnace and the camellia shells loaded therein;

[0057] 3-3A-4) As the first pyrolysis furnace continues to be heated, the temperature in the third pyrolysis furnace decreases. When the temperature in the third pyrolysis furnace decreases to Ta≤Tc1≤(Ta+10)°C, the treatment is performed according to the temperature conditions of 3-3A-2);

[0058] According to the temperature conditions of 3-3A-2) and 3-3A-3), the temperature is adjusted in turn until the mass G of the liquid product produced by pyrolysis of tea oil shell in the third pyrolysis furnace is 3A , the pyrolysis of the oil tea shell in the third pyrolysis furnace is completed, the pyrolysis treatment is finished, and the pyrolysis gas condensation system and power supply of the third pyrolysis furnace are turned off;

[0059] 3-3B) Treatment of carbon from the third pyrolysis furnace

[0060] After the solid product charcoal obtained by heat treatment in the third pyrolysis furnace is discharged, the oil tea shells with the initial moisture content measured are loaded into the third pyrolysis furnace again, and the mass of the loaded oil tea shells is measured; then, the absolute dry mass, the mass of the water contained, and the mass of the liquid product of the pyrolysis treatment of the oil tea shells loaded in the third pyrolysis furnace are measured according to "step 2";

[0061] 4) Repeat steps 3-1), 3-2), and 3-3), and the first, second, and third pyrolysis furnaces are cyclically repeated to perform pyrolysis treatment, cooling-heat exchange treatment, and carbon removal treatment until all the oil tea shells to be heat-treated are heat-treated.

[0062] In particular, in step 1), a heating branch pipe is arranged on the surface of each pyrolysis furnace, and a pipeline valve is respectively arranged at the head and tail of the heating branch pipe, that is, two pipeline valves are arranged on the heating branch pipe of each pyrolysis furnace.

[0063] When the valve on the heating branch pipe of the third pyrolysis furnace is closed, the first and second pyrolysis furnaces are connected in series; when the valve on the heating branch pipe of the first pyrolysis furnace is closed, the second and third pyrolysis furnaces are connected in series; when the valve on the heating branch pipe of the second pyrolysis furnace is closed, the first and third pyrolysis furnaces are connected in series.

[0064] The heating branch pipe is wound around the outer wall of the pyrolysis furnace to provide heat energy for the pyrolysis furnace. The heating pipes of the three pyrolysis furnaces are connected in series through connecting pipes.

[0065] In particular, the method further includes steps 3-1A-a), 3-2A-a), and 3-3A-a), wherein when the temperature in the first, second, and third pyrolysis furnaces rises to 260°C, the heat treatment gas generated in the first, second, and third pyrolysis furnaces are burned as fuel, and the heat generated by the combustion is used for heating the first, second, and third pyrolysis furnaces, respectively.

[0066] Particularly, the pyrolysis temperature of the camellia oleifera shell Ta is greater than 260°C.

[0067] In particular, the heating pipeline valves of the first, second and third pyrolysis furnaces are closed in steps 3-1A-1), 3-2A-1) and 3-3A-1) respectively.

[0068] In particular, in steps 3-1), 3-2), and 3-3), during the heat treatment of tea oil shells in the corresponding first, second, and third pyrolysis furnaces, the pyrolysis gas condensation systems of the first, second, and third pyrolysis furnaces are always turned on to condense the pyrolysis gas and collect the liquid products of the pyrolysis.

[0069] In particular, in steps 3-1A-2), 3-2A-2), and 3-3A-2), the valves of the heating pipes of the first, second, and third pyrolysis furnace bodies are closed.

[0070] In particular, in step 3-1A-3), the heating power supply of the first pyrolysis furnace is turned off, the heating pipe valves of the first and second pyrolysis furnace bodies are opened, and the excess heat in the first pyrolysis furnace body is transported to the heating pipe of the second pyrolysis furnace through the heating pipe, so as to heat the second pyrolysis furnace body and the tea oil shells to be pyrolyzed therein.

[0071] In particular, in step 3-2A-3), the heating power supply of the second pyrolysis furnace is turned off, the heating pipe valves of the second and third pyrolysis furnace bodies are opened, and the excess heat in the second pyrolysis furnace body is transported to the heating pipe of the third pyrolysis furnace through the heating pipe, so as to heat the third pyrolysis furnace body and the camellia oleifera shells to be pyrolyzed therein;

[0072] In particular, in step 3-3A-3), the heating power supply of the third pyrolysis furnace is turned off, the heating pipe valves of the third and first pyrolysis furnace bodies are opened, and the excess heat in the third pyrolysis furnace body is transported to the heating pipe of the first pyrolysis furnace through the heating pipe, so as to heat the first pyrolysis furnace body and the tea oil shells to be pyrolyzed therein.

[0073] In particular, the process of heat treatment of tea oil shells in the first pyrolysis furnace in step 3-1) further includes step 3-1A-A) before the charring treatment in the first pyrolysis furnace in step 3-1B), i.e., heat exchange treatment in the first pyrolysis furnace:

[0074] After the heat treatment in the first pyrolysis furnace is completed, the heat of the first pyrolysis furnace is transferred to the second and third pyrolysis furnaces for heat exchange treatment to achieve preheating treatment of the oil tea shells in the second and third pyrolysis furnaces. During the heat exchange treatment process:

[0075] 3-1A-A-1) When the difference between the temperature Ta1 in the first pyrolysis furnace and the temperature Tb1 in the second pyrolysis furnace is: Ta1-Tb1≥15°C, the excess heat in the first pyrolysis furnace is transferred to the second pyrolysis furnace for heating the second pyrolysis furnace;

[0076] 3-1A-A-2) With the transfer of heat, when the difference between the temperature Ta1 in the first pyrolysis furnace and the temperature Tb1 in the second pyrolysis furnace is: Ta1-Tb1<15°C, the excess heat in the first pyrolysis furnace is transferred to the third pyrolysis furnace for heating the third pyrolysis furnace;

[0077] 3-1A-A-3) As heat is transferred, when the difference between the temperature Ta1 in the first pyrolysis furnace and the temperature Tc1 in the third pyrolysis furnace is: Ta1-Tc1<15°C, the pyrolysis gas condensation system of the first pyrolysis furnace is turned off, and the heat exchange treatment of the first pyrolysis furnace is completed.

[0078] In particular, in step 3-1A-A), the valves of the heating pipes of the first, second and third pyrolysis furnaces are opened to transfer the heat of the first pyrolysis furnace to the second and third pyrolysis furnaces, and the heat is transferred to the second and third pyrolysis furnaces while cooling the first pyrolysis furnace, so as to heat the camellia shells in the second and third pyrolysis furnaces, wherein:

[0079] In particular, in step 3-1A-A-1), the heating pipe valves of the first and second pyrolysis furnaces are opened; the heating pipe valve of the third pyrolysis furnace is closed, and the excess heat in the first pyrolysis furnace is used to heat the second pyrolysis furnace; in step 3-1A-A-2), the heating pipe valves of the first and third pyrolysis furnaces are opened, the heating pipe valve of the second pyrolysis furnace is closed, and the excess heat in the first pyrolysis furnace is used to heat the third pyrolysis furnace; in step 3-1A-A-3), the heating pipe valves of the first and third pyrolysis furnaces are closed, the pyrolysis gas condensation system of the first pyrolysis furnace is closed, and the heat exchange treatment of the first pyrolysis furnace is completed.

[0080] In particular, the process of heat treatment of tea oil shells in the second pyrolysis furnace in step 3-2) further includes step 3-2A-A) before the charring treatment in the second pyrolysis furnace in step 3-2B), i.e., heat exchange treatment in the second pyrolysis furnace:

[0081] After the pyrolysis treatment in the second pyrolysis furnace is completed, the heat of the second pyrolysis furnace is transferred to the first and third pyrolysis furnaces through the pipeline for heat exchange treatment to achieve preheating treatment of the oil tea shells in the first and third pyrolysis furnaces. During the heat exchange treatment process:

[0082] 3-2A-A-1) When the difference between the temperature Tb1 in the second pyrolysis furnace and the temperature Tc1 in the third pyrolysis furnace is: Tb1-Tc1≥15°C, the excess heat in the second pyrolysis furnace is transferred to the third pyrolysis furnace for heating the third pyrolysis furnace;

[0083] 3-2A-A-2) With the transfer of heat, when the difference between the temperature Tb1 in the second pyrolysis furnace and the temperature Tc1 in the third pyrolysis furnace is: Tb1-Tc1<15°C, the excess heat in the second pyrolysis furnace is transferred to the first pyrolysis furnace to heat the first pyrolysis furnace;

[0084] 3-2A-A-3) As heat is transferred, when the difference between the temperature Tb1 in the second pyrolysis furnace and the temperature Ta1 in the first pyrolysis furnace is: Tc1-Ta1<15°C, the pyrolysis gas condensation system of the second pyrolysis furnace is closed, and the heat exchange treatment of the second pyrolysis furnace is completed.

[0085] In particular, after the heat treatment in the second pyrolysis furnace in step 3-2A-A) is completed, the valves of the heating pipes of the first, second and third pyrolysis furnaces are opened to transfer the heat of the second pyrolysis furnace to the third and first pyrolysis furnaces, and the heat is transferred to the third and first pyrolysis furnaces while cooling the second pyrolysis furnace, so as to achieve the heating of the tea oil shells in the first and third pyrolysis furnaces.

[0086] In particular, in step 3-2A-A-1), the heating pipe valves of the third and second pyrolysis furnaces are opened; the heating pipe valve of the first pyrolysis furnace is closed, and the excess heat in the second pyrolysis furnace is transferred to the third pyrolysis furnace for heating the third pyrolysis furnace; in step 3-2A-A-2), the heating pipe valves of the second and first pyrolysis furnaces are opened, and the heating pipe valve of the third pyrolysis furnace is closed, and the excess heat in the second pyrolysis furnace is used to heat the first pyrolysis furnace; in step 3-2A-A-3), the heating pipe valves of the first and third pyrolysis furnaces are closed, and the pyrolysis gas condensation system of the second pyrolysis furnace is closed, and the heat exchange treatment of the second pyrolysis furnace is completed.

[0087] In particular, the process of heat treatment of tea oil shells in the third pyrolysis furnace in step 3-3) also includes step 3-3A-A) before the charring treatment in the third pyrolysis furnace in step 3-3B), i.e., heat exchange treatment in the third pyrolysis furnace:

[0088] After the pyrolysis treatment in the third pyrolysis furnace is completed, the heat of the third pyrolysis furnace is transferred to the first and second pyrolysis furnaces for heat exchange treatment to achieve preheating treatment of the oil tea shells in the first and second pyrolysis furnaces. During the heat exchange treatment process:

[0089] 3-3A-A-1) When the difference between the temperature Tc1 in the third pyrolysis furnace and the temperature Ta1 in the first pyrolysis furnace is: Tc1-Ta1≥15°C, the excess heat in the third pyrolysis furnace is transferred to the first pyrolysis furnace for heating the first pyrolysis furnace;

[0090] 3-3A-A-2) With the transfer of heat, when the difference between the temperature Tc1 in the third pyrolysis furnace and the temperature Ta1 in the first pyrolysis furnace is: Tc1-Ta1<15°C, the excess heat in the third pyrolysis furnace is transferred to the second pyrolysis furnace for heating the second pyrolysis furnace;

[0091] 3-3A-A-3) As heat is transferred, when the difference between the temperature Tc1 in the third pyrolysis furnace and the temperature Tb1 in the second pyrolysis furnace is: Tc1-Tb1<15°C, the pyrolysis gas condensation system of the third pyrolysis furnace is closed, and the heat exchange treatment of the third pyrolysis furnace is completed.

[0092] In particular, after the heat treatment in the third pyrolysis furnace in step 3-3A-A) is completed, the valves of the heating pipes of the first, second and third pyrolysis furnaces are opened to transfer the heat of the third pyrolysis furnace to the second and first pyrolysis furnaces, and the heat is transferred to the second and first pyrolysis furnaces while cooling the third pyrolysis furnace, so as to achieve the heating of the tea oil shells in the first and second pyrolysis furnaces.

[0093] In particular, in step 3-3A-A-1), the heating pipe valves of the first and third pyrolysis furnaces are opened; the heating pipe valve of the second pyrolysis furnace is closed, and the excess heat in the third pyrolysis furnace is transferred to the first pyrolysis furnace for heating the first pyrolysis furnace; in step 3-3A-A-2), the heating pipe valves of the third and second pyrolysis furnaces are opened, the heating pipe valve of the first pyrolysis furnace is closed, and the excess heat in the third pyrolysis furnace is used to heat the second pyrolysis furnace; in step 3-3A-A-3), the heating pipe valves of the first and second pyrolysis furnaces are closed, the pyrolysis gas condensation system of the second pyrolysis furnace is closed, and the heat exchange treatment of the third pyrolysis furnace is completed.

[0094] Compared with the prior art, the heat treatment method of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0095] (1) Save energy and reduce thermal pollution. In the existing process of heat treatment and pyrolysis of oil tea shells and other biomass, the excess heat of the furnace body and the heat of cooling are directly discharged into the environment, resulting in a great waste of energy. In the process of heat treatment of oil tea shells, the method uses three pyrolysis furnaces to perform pyrolysis treatment in turn, and the heat and combustible gas in the pyrolysis process are mutually utilized. The excess heat is used to heat other furnace bodies, and the heat in the cooling process is also used to heat the gas furnace body, thereby increasing the heat utilization rate by more than 30%.

[0096] (2) Accurate control of the heat treatment process. During the heat treatment of biomass materials such as camellia oleifera shells, when the temperature is higher than 275°C, the temperature inside the heat treatment furnace rises rapidly and cannot be controlled. The method of the present invention can accurately transfer the excess heat generated by pyrolysis to the low-temperature furnace by introducing a heating method for recovering and reusing waste heat, accurately control the pyrolysis treatment temperature, and improve the pyrolysis efficiency and the quality of the pyrolysis products.

[0097] (3) The method of the present invention can accurately control the total heat treatment time. Existing heat treatment equipment such as oil tea shells raises the internal temperature of the furnace to a set temperature and then maintains it for 2 hours. However, the method of the present invention monitors the quality of the obtained liquid product online to accurately control the heat treatment time. When the quality of the liquid product after pyrolysis treatment reaches the degree of complete pyrolysis, the heat treatment is stopped. This can avoid the defects of increased heat treatment time, reduced heat treatment efficiency, increased energy consumption, or short pyrolysis treatment time and incomplete heat treatment.

[0098] (4) The method of the present invention has a high degree of automation and is easy to operate. The method of the present invention has a high degree of automation in the whole process of the heat treatment through online automatic control of valves, fans and product quality, and has low requirements on operators.

[0099] (5) Strong adaptability. This method can realize automatic control of different processing temperatures of biomass materials such as oil tea shells based on the relationship between the given product and temperature, and has strong promotion and adaptability.

[0100] Due to the different moisture contents of camellia oleifera shells, the current heat treatment process of camellia oleifera shells is mainly carried out by keeping the temperature for 2 hours after reaching the set temperature. This time may be more or less, but the present invention controls the end time of the heat treatment through GA, which can stop when the pyrolysis end point is reached, and will not waste energy; at the same time, the existing method cannot determine the end time of the heat treatment process of camellia oleifera shells with different moisture contents, but the present invention can also use this method to determine the end time of the heat treatment even if the moisture content of the camellia oleifera shells is different, which has universality.

[0101] The method of the present invention can realize the continuity of the heat treatment process. When the requirements are met through GA, the next step of operation can be carried out immediately. The requirements for operators are low. It is only necessary to read the data to determine whether the process is completed. No highly specialized personnel are required, and automation can even be achieved. It is also possible to determine whether the heat treatment process is correct by observing the speed at which the liquid condenses. For example, when a problem occurs in the front control system, the temperature becomes abnormal, and the subsequent condensate output will also become abnormal, thereby ensuring the safety of the heat treatment process. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0102] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, and the advantages and features of the present invention will become clearer as the description proceeds. However, these embodiments are exemplary only and do not constitute any limitation to the scope of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the details and forms of the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, but these modifications and replacements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0103] Embodiment 1:

[0104] 1. Determination of initial moisture content of camellia oleifera shell (M 初 )

[0105] 1-1. Randomly select a certain mass of camellia oleifera shells from the surface and center of the pile of camellia oleifera shells to be processed according to the random sampling method, weigh them, and record the weight as G0 (11 kg);

[0106] 1-2. Put the weighed Camellia oleifera shell into an oven for drying until it is dried to a constant weight, wherein the drying temperature is (100±3)°C; then weigh the weight of the Camellia oleifera shell after drying, recorded as G 干 (10kg);

[0107] 1-3. Calculate the initial moisture content M of the oil tea shell according to formula (1): 初 , formula (1) is as follows:

[0108] M 初 =(G0-G 干 ) / G 干 ×100%=(11-10) / 10×100%=10% (1)

[0109] Initial moisture content M of the tea shell to be heat treated 初 is 10%.

[0110] 2. Filling Camellia oleifera shells

[0111] 2-1. Take out the inner tanks of the first, second and third kettle pyrolysis furnaces respectively, and record them as A, B and C respectively; and weigh the masses of the inner tanks respectively, and record them as G respectively. 0A , G 0B and G 0C , the weighing result is: G 0A 40kg, G 0B 40kg, G 0C 40kg;

[0112] Among them, heating branches (heat exchange pipes) are installed on the outer surfaces of the furnace bodies of the first, second and third kettle-type pyrolysis furnaces, and a heating pipe valve is respectively arranged at the head and tail ends of the heating branch pipe of each pyrolysis furnace (that is, there are two heating pipe valves on the heating branch pipe of each pyrolysis furnace), and the heating branches on the surfaces of the furnace bodies of the three pyrolysis furnaces are connected in series and parallel through the heating pipes, and the heat exchange effect between the furnace bodies of different pyrolysis furnaces is achieved by switching the heating pipe valves.

[0113] When the valve on the heating branch pipe of the third pyrolysis furnace is closed, the first and second pyrolysis furnaces are connected in series; when the valve on the heating branch pipe of the first pyrolysis furnace is closed, the second and third pyrolysis furnaces are connected in series; when the valve on the heating branch pipe of the second pyrolysis furnace is closed, the first and third pyrolysis furnaces are connected in series.

[0114] The pipes are connected by flange quick-installation. The pipes are connected to each other for heat exchange between the furnace bodies. The connection and heat exchange between the two furnace bodies are achieved by opening and closing the valves. The series connection is achieved by opening the heat exchange pipe valves before and after any two furnace bodies, and the parallel connection is achieved by opening the valves before and after three furnace bodies.

[0115] 2-2. Load the tea oil shells to be processed into the inner tank of the pyrolysis furnace. The filling height of the tea oil shells in the inner tank is 90% (usually 80% to 95%) of the inner tank height; then weigh the total weight of the furnace inner tank and the tea oil shells after filling, and record them as G 0A1 , G 0B1 and G 0C1 , the weighing result is: G 0A1 46kg, G 0B1 47kg, G 0C1 48kg;

[0116] 2-3. Calculate the mass of the camellia shells in each pyrolysis furnace, and the mass of the camellia shells in the pyrolysis furnace is recorded as G 1A , G 1B and G 1C The calculation results are: G 1A 6kg, G 1B 7kg, G 1C 8kg;

[0117] 2-4. According to formula (2), calculate the absolute dry mass of the camellia shells filled in each of the three pyrolysis furnaces, which are respectively denoted as G 1AY , G 1BY , G 1CY ;

[0118] G Y =G1 / (1+M 初 ) (5)

[0119] In formula (2): G Y is the absolute dry mass of camellia oleifera shell, kg; G1 is the mass of camellia oleifera shell, kg; M 初 is the initial moisture content of tea oil shell to be treated, %.

[0120] The calculation results are: G 1AY 5.45kg, G 1BY 6.36kg; G 1CY It is 7.27kg.

[0121] 2-5. Calculate the mass G of water contained in the tea oil shells loaded in each pyrolysis furnace W , respectively denoted as G 1AW , G 1BW and G 1CW , the calculation result is: G 1AW 0.55kg, G 1BW 0.64kg, G 1CW 0.73kg;

[0122] 2-6. According to formula (3), calculate the mass G of the condensate (i.e., the liquid phase product of pyrolysis) completely produced by pyrolysis of tea oil shells in the first, second, and third pyrolysis furnaces respectively: A , respectively denoted as G 1A , G 1B , G 1C ; (3)

[0123] G A =-0.12677+4.76298×10 -6 Ta 2 -1.44899×10 -7 ×Ta 2.5 +0.98G W (3)

[0124] In formula (3), G A is the mass of condensate, kg; Ta is the pyrolysis temperature of camellia oleifera shell, °C; G W is the water content of tea oil shell to be pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis furnace, kg;

[0125] In this embodiment, the pyrolysis temperature Ta of the tea oil shell in the first, second and third pyrolysis furnaces is 450°C, and the calculation results are: G 1A 0.7378kg, G 1B 0.8233kg, G 1C It is 0.9088kg.

[0126] 2-7. Cover the corresponding pyrolysis furnace with the liner top cover and seal it, and then put the liner into the outer shell of the corresponding pyrolysis furnace body.

[0127] 3. Pyrolysis treatment

[0128] The heat treatment temperature of camellia oleifera shell in the pyrolysis furnace is Ta, wherein the heat treatment temperatures of camellia oleifera shell in the first, second and third pyrolysis furnaces are recorded as Ta1, Tb1 and Tc1 respectively.

[0129] In this embodiment, the pyrolysis temperature Ta in the pyrolysis furnace is set to 450°C.

[0130] Before the heat treatment begins, the heating electric furnace wires, heating pipeline valves, heating pipeline fans (or circulation pumps), exhaust valves, pyrolysis gas combustion valves, and pyrolysis gas condensation systems of the first, second, and third pyrolysis furnaces are all closed.

[0131] 3-1) Heat treatment of tea oil shell in the first pyrolysis furnace

[0132] 3-1A) When the heat treatment is started, the heating electric furnace wire of the first pyrolysis furnace body is first turned on to heat the first pyrolysis furnace body, and the exhaust valve, pyrolysis gas combustion valve, and pyrolysis gas condensation system of the first pyrolysis furnace body are opened at the same time;

[0133] During the heat treatment of the oil tea shell in the first pyrolysis furnace, the pyrolysis gas condensation system of the first pyrolysis furnace body is always in an open state, and the condensable components in the pyrolysis gas generated by the heat treatment of the oil tea shell are condensed into liquid (i.e., the liquid phase product of the pyrolysis treatment), and the liquid phase product generated by the pyrolysis of the oil tea shell in the first pyrolysis furnace is collected by the pyrolysis gas condensation system, and the quality of the liquid phase product is monitored in real time. 1A .

[0134] 3-1B) As the electric furnace wire is heated, the internal temperature of the pyrolysis furnace gradually increases. When the internal temperature of the furnace body of the first pyrolysis furnace Ta1 ≥ 260°C, the gas generated during the heat treatment of the oil tea shell is burned in the pyrolysis gas combustion chamber. The heat generated by the combustion of the pyrolysis gas (the gas phase product in the pyrolysis product) heats the furnace body of the first pyrolysis furnace, making full use of the pyrolysis energy;

[0135] Because when the pyrolysis temperature Ta1 is higher than 260℃, the pyrolysis of tea oil shell produces combustion gas, which is burned as a heat source. The heat generated by the combustion then heats the furnace body, recycling the heat energy and reducing energy consumption.

[0136] 3-1C) As the heating progresses, the temperature inside the first pyrolysis furnace gradually increases until the temperature inside the furnace body reaches the predetermined heat treatment temperature Ta (450°C), and then the pyrolysis control is performed according to the actual temperature inside the furnace body (Ta1) according to the following temperature conditions:

[0137] 3-1C-1) When the internal temperature Ta1 of the inner shell of the first pyrolysis furnace is less than 450°C, the heating wire of the first pyrolysis furnace is turned on; and the valve of the heating pipeline is closed;

[0138] During the pyrolysis process, the fuel gas (pyrolysis gas product) produced by pyrolysis is recycled and burned. If there is no fuel gas, the energy will not be burned. The temperature of the furnace body is controlled by controlling the heating electric furnace wire.

[0139] 3-1C-2) When the internal temperature of the inner shell of the first pyrolysis furnace is 450°C≤Ta1≤460°C, close the heating wire, heating pipe valve, and heating pipe fan of the first pyrolysis furnace; close the heating pipe valve of the second pyrolysis furnace;

[0140] Thermal decomposition of camellia oleifera shell releases heat, which in turn leads to temperature changes.

[0141] 3-1C-3) When the internal temperature Ta1 of the inner shell of the first pyrolysis furnace is greater than 460°C, the heating electric furnace wire is turned off, the heating pipe valve of the first pyrolysis furnace body is opened, the heating pipe valve of the second pyrolysis furnace body is opened, and the heating pipe fan of the first pyrolysis furnace body is opened at the same time, and the excess heat in the first pyrolysis furnace body is transported to the heating pipe of the second pyrolysis furnace through the heating pipe, so as to heat the second pyrolysis furnace body and the tea oil shell to be pyrolyzed therein;

[0142] 3-1C-4) As the second pyrolysis furnace continues to be heated, the temperature inside the first pyrolysis furnace decreases. When the temperature inside the first pyrolysis furnace decreases to 450°C≤Ta1≤460°C, the treatment is performed according to the temperature conditions of 3-1C-2);

[0143] According to the temperature conditions of 3-1C-2) and 3-1C-3), the temperature is adjusted in turn until the mass G of the liquid product produced by the pyrolysis of the oil tea shell in the first pyrolysis furnace is 1A The weight of the oil tea shell in the first pyrolysis furnace is 0.7378 kg, and the pyrolysis treatment is completed. The pyrolysis gas condensation system and the heating electric furnace wire of the first pyrolysis furnace are turned off.

[0144] 3-1D) Cooling and heat exchange treatment of the first pyrolysis furnace (i.e. cooling of the pyrolysis furnace body and heat utilization)

[0145] After the heat treatment in the first pyrolysis furnace is completed, the heating pipeline valve, heating pipeline fan (or circulation pump), exhaust valve, and pyrolysis gas combustion valve of the first pyrolysis furnace are opened; the heating pipeline valves of the second and third pyrolysis furnaces are opened to transfer the heat of the first pyrolysis furnace to the second and third pyrolysis furnaces, and the heat is transferred to the second and third pyrolysis furnaces while cooling the first pyrolysis furnace, so as to heat the oil tea shells in the second and third pyrolysis furnaces, and the temperature of the inner tank of the first pyrolysis furnace gradually decreases, and the temperature of the inner tank of the second and third pyrolysis furnaces gradually increases, thereby realizing comprehensive utilization of energy, wherein:

[0146] 3-1D-1) When the difference between the temperature Ta1 in the inner tank of the first pyrolysis furnace and the temperature Tb1 in the inner tank of the second pyrolysis furnace is: Ta1-Tb1≥15°C, open the heating pipe valve and heating pipe fan of the first pyrolysis furnace; open the heating pipe valve of the second pyrolysis furnace, and use the excess heat in the first pyrolysis furnace to heat the second pyrolysis furnace;

[0147] 3-1D-2) As the heat is transferred, when the difference between the temperature Ta1 in the inner tank of the first pyrolysis furnace and the temperature Tb1 in the inner tank 2 of the second pyrolysis furnace is: Ta1-Tb1<15°C, the heating pipe valve of the first pyrolysis furnace is opened, the heating pipe valve of the third pyrolysis furnace is opened, and at the same time, the heating pipe fan of the first pyrolysis furnace is opened, and the heating pipe valve of the second pyrolysis furnace is closed, and the excess heat in the first pyrolysis furnace is used to heat the third pyrolysis furnace;

[0148] 3-1D-3) With the transfer of heat, when the difference between the temperature Ta1 in the inner tank of the first pyrolysis furnace and the temperature Tc1 in the inner tank of the third pyrolysis furnace is: Ta1-Tc1<15°C, the valve of the heating pipe of the first pyrolysis furnace is closed, the valve of the heating pipe of the third pyrolysis furnace is closed, and the fan of the heating pipe of the first pyrolysis furnace is closed at the same time, and the excess heat in the pyrolysis process of the oil tea shell in the first pyrolysis furnace is used to heat the heat exchange heat utilization of the third pyrolysis furnace. The cooling process of the first pyrolysis furnace is completed.

[0149] 3-1E) Charcoal production from the first pyrolysis furnace and loading of tea oil shells

[0150] After the cooling and heat exchange treatment of the first pyrolysis furnace is completed, the charcoal obtained by the heat treatment in the first pyrolysis furnace is discharged, and then the camellia oil shells with the initial moisture content determined are reloaded into the first pyrolysis furnace according to "Step 2. Loading camellia oil shells", and the mass of the loaded camellia oil shells, the absolute dry mass of the camellia oil shells, the mass of the water contained, and the mass of the liquid products of the pyrolysis treatment are determined.

[0151] 3-2) Heat treatment of tea oil shell in the second pyrolysis furnace

[0152] 3-2A) After the oil tea shells in the first pyrolysis furnace are loaded, the heating electric furnace wire of the second pyrolysis furnace body is turned on to heat the second pyrolysis furnace body, and the exhaust valve, pyrolysis gas combustion valve, and pyrolysis gas condensation system of the second pyrolysis furnace body are opened at the same time;

[0153] During the heat treatment of camellia shells in the second pyrolysis furnace, the pyrolysis gas condensation system of the second pyrolysis furnace body is always in an open state, and the pyrolysis gas generated during the heat treatment of camellia shells is condensed into liquid. The liquid products generated by the pyrolysis of camellia shells in the second pyrolysis furnace are collected through the pyrolysis gas condensation system, and the quality of the liquid products is monitored in real time. 2A .

[0154] 3-2B) As the electric furnace wire is heated, the internal temperature of the pyrolysis furnace gradually increases. When the internal temperature of the furnace body of the second pyrolysis furnace Tb1 ≥ 260°C, the gas generated during the heat treatment of the oil tea shell is burned in the pyrolysis gas combustion chamber. The heat generated by the combustion of the pyrolysis gas (the gas phase product in the pyrolysis product) heats the furnace body of the second pyrolysis furnace, making full use of the pyrolysis energy.

[0155] 3-2C) As the heating progresses, the temperature inside the second pyrolysis furnace gradually increases until the temperature inside the furnace reaches the predetermined heat treatment temperature Ta (450°C). Then, according to the actual temperature inside the furnace (Tb1), pyrolysis control is performed according to the following temperature conditions:

[0156] 3-2C-1) When the internal temperature Tb1 of the inner shell of the second pyrolysis furnace is less than 450°C, the heating wire of the second pyrolysis furnace is turned on; and the valve of the heating pipeline is closed;

[0157] 3-2C-2) When the internal temperature of the inner shell of the second pyrolysis furnace is 450℃≤Tb1≤460℃, close the heating wire, heating pipe valve and heating pipe fan of the second pyrolysis furnace; close the heating pipe valve of the third pyrolysis furnace

[0158] 3-2C-3) When the internal temperature Tb1 of the inner shell of the second pyrolysis furnace is greater than 460°C, the heating electric furnace wire is turned off, the heating pipe valve of the second pyrolysis furnace body is opened, the heating pipe valve of the third pyrolysis furnace body is opened, and the heating pipe fan of the second pyrolysis furnace body is opened at the same time, and the excess heat in the second pyrolysis furnace body is transported to the heating pipe of the third pyrolysis furnace through the heating pipe, so as to heat the third pyrolysis furnace body and the tea oil shell to be pyrolyzed therein;

[0159] 3-2C-4) As the third pyrolysis furnace continues to be heated, the temperature inside the inner shell of the second pyrolysis furnace decreases. When the temperature inside the inner shell of the second pyrolysis furnace decreases to 450°C≤Tb1≤460°C, the treatment is carried out according to the temperature conditions of 3-2C-2);

[0160] According to the temperature conditions of 3-2C-2) and 3-2C-3), the temperature is adjusted in turn until the mass G of the liquid product produced by the pyrolysis of the oil tea shell in the second pyrolysis furnace is 2A The weight of the oil tea shell in the second pyrolysis furnace is 0.8233 kg, and the pyrolysis treatment is completed. The pyrolysis gas condensation system and the heating electric furnace wire of the second pyrolysis furnace are turned off.

[0161] 3-2D) Cooling and heat exchange treatment of the second pyrolysis furnace (i.e. cooling of the pyrolysis furnace body and heat utilization)

[0162] After the heat treatment in the second pyrolysis furnace is completed, the heating pipeline valve, heating pipeline fan (or circulation pump), exhaust valve, and pyrolysis gas combustion valve of the second pyrolysis furnace are opened; the heating pipeline valves of the third and first pyrolysis furnaces are opened to transfer the heat of the second pyrolysis furnace to the third and first pyrolysis furnaces, and transfer the heat to the third and first pyrolysis furnaces while cooling the second pyrolysis furnace, so as to heat the oil tea shells in the third and first pyrolysis furnaces, gradually reduce the temperature of the inner tank of the second pyrolysis furnace, and gradually increase the temperature of the inner tank of the third and first pyrolysis furnaces, thereby realizing comprehensive utilization of energy, wherein:

[0163] 3-2D-1) When the difference between the temperature Tb1 in the inner tank of the second pyrolysis furnace and the temperature Tc1 in the inner tank of the third pyrolysis furnace is: Tb1-Tc1≥15°C, open the heating pipe valve and heating pipe fan of the second pyrolysis furnace; open the heating pipe valve of the third pyrolysis furnace, and use the excess heat in the second pyrolysis furnace to heat the third pyrolysis furnace;

[0164] 3-2D-2) As heat is transferred, when the difference between the temperature Tb1 in the inner shell of the second pyrolysis furnace and the temperature Tc1 in the inner shell of the third pyrolysis furnace is: Tb1-Tc1<15°C, open the heating pipe valve of the second pyrolysis furnace, open the heating pipe valve of the first pyrolysis furnace, open the heating pipe fan of the second pyrolysis furnace, and close the heating pipe valve of the third pyrolysis furnace, so that the excess heat in the second pyrolysis furnace is used to heat the first pyrolysis furnace.

[0165] 3-2D-3) With the transfer of heat, when the difference between the temperature Tb1 in the inner shell of the second pyrolysis furnace and the temperature Ta1 in the inner shell of the first pyrolysis furnace is: Tb1-Ta1<15°C, the valve of the heating pipe of the second pyrolysis furnace is closed, the valve of the heating pipe of the first pyrolysis furnace is closed, and the fan of the heating pipe of the second pyrolysis furnace is closed at the same time, and the excess heat in the pyrolysis process of the oil tea shell in the second pyrolysis furnace is used to heat the heat exchange heat utilization of the first pyrolysis furnace. The cooling process of the second pyrolysis furnace is completed.

[0166] 3-2E) Charcoal out of the second pyrolysis furnace and loading of tea oil shells

[0167] After the cooling and heat exchange treatment of the second pyrolysis furnace is completed, the charcoal obtained from the heat treatment in the second pyrolysis furnace is discharged, and then the camellia oil shells with the initial moisture content determined are reloaded into the second pyrolysis furnace according to "Step 2. Loading camellia oil shells", and the mass of the loaded camellia oil shells, the absolute dry mass of the camellia oil shells, the mass of the water contained, and the mass of the liquid products of the pyrolysis treatment are determined.

[0168] 3-3) Heat treatment of tea oil shell in the third pyrolysis furnace

[0169] 3-3A) After the oil tea shells in the second pyrolysis furnace are loaded, the heating electric furnace wire of the third pyrolysis furnace body is turned on to heat the third pyrolysis furnace body, and the exhaust valve, pyrolysis gas combustion valve, and pyrolysis gas condensation system of the third pyrolysis furnace body are opened at the same time;

[0170] During the heat treatment of camellia shells in the third pyrolysis furnace, the pyrolysis gas condensation system of the third pyrolysis furnace body is always in an open state, and the pyrolysis gas generated during the heat treatment of camellia shells is condensed into liquid. The liquid phase products generated by the pyrolysis of camellia shells in the third pyrolysis furnace are collected through the pyrolysis gas condensation system, and the quality of the liquid phase products is monitored in real time. 3A .

[0171] 3-3B) With the heating of the electric furnace wire, the internal temperature of the pyrolysis furnace is gradually increased. When the internal temperature of the furnace body of the third pyrolysis furnace is Tc1 ≥ 260°C, the gas generated during the heat treatment of the oil tea shell is burned in the pyrolysis gas combustion chamber. The heat generated by the combustion of the pyrolysis gas (the gas phase product in the pyrolysis product) heats the furnace body of the third pyrolysis furnace, making full use of the pyrolysis energy.

[0172] 3-3C) As the heating progresses, the temperature inside the second pyrolysis furnace gradually increases until the temperature inside the furnace reaches the predetermined heat treatment temperature Ta (450°C). Then, according to the actual temperature inside the furnace (Tc1), pyrolysis control is performed according to the following temperature conditions:

[0173] 3-3C-1) When the internal temperature Tc1 of the inner shell of the third pyrolysis furnace is less than 450°C, the heating wire of the third pyrolysis furnace is turned on; and the valve of the heating pipeline is closed;

[0174] 3-3C-2) When the internal temperature of the inner shell of the third pyrolysis furnace is 450°C≤Tc1≤460°C, close the heating wire, heating pipeline valve, and heating pipeline fan of the third pyrolysis furnace; close the heating pipeline valve of the first pyrolysis furnace;

[0175] 3-3C-3) When the internal temperature Tc1 of the inner shell of the third pyrolysis furnace is greater than 460°C, the heating electric furnace wire is turned off, the heating pipe valve of the third pyrolysis furnace body is opened, the heating pipe valve of the first pyrolysis furnace body is opened, and the heating pipe fan of the third pyrolysis furnace body is opened at the same time, and the excess heat in the third pyrolysis furnace body is transported to the heating pipe of the first pyrolysis furnace through the heating pipe, so as to heat the first pyrolysis furnace body and the tea oil shell to be pyrolyzed therein;

[0176] 3-3C-4) As the heat supply to the first pyrolysis furnace is carried out, the temperature inside the inner shell of the third pyrolysis furnace decreases. When the temperature inside the inner shell of the third pyrolysis furnace decreases to 450°C≤Tc1≤460°C, the treatment is carried out according to the temperature conditions of 3-3C-2);

[0177] According to the temperature conditions of 3-3C-2) and 3-3C-3), the temperature is adjusted in turn until the mass G of the liquid product produced by pyrolysis of tea oil shell in the third pyrolysis furnace is 1C The weight of the camellia oil shell in the third pyrolysis furnace is 0.9088 kg, and the pyrolysis treatment is completed. The pyrolysis gas condensation system and the heating electric furnace wire of the third pyrolysis furnace are turned off.

[0178] 3-3D) Cooling and heat exchange treatment of the third pyrolysis furnace (i.e. pyrolysis furnace body cooling and heat utilization)

[0179] After the heat treatment in the third pyrolysis furnace is completed, the heating pipeline valve, heating pipeline fan (or circulation pump), exhaust valve, and pyrolysis gas combustion valve of the third pyrolysis furnace are opened; the heating pipeline valves of the first and second pyrolysis furnaces are opened to transfer the heat of the third pyrolysis furnace to the first and second pyrolysis furnaces, and the heat is transferred to the first and second pyrolysis furnaces while cooling the third pyrolysis furnace, so as to heat the oil tea shells in the first and second pyrolysis furnaces, gradually reduce the temperature of the inner tank of the third pyrolysis furnace, and gradually increase the temperature of the inner tank of the first and second pyrolysis furnaces, thereby realizing comprehensive utilization of energy, wherein:

[0180] 3-3D-1) When the difference between the temperature Tc1 in the inner tank of the third pyrolysis furnace and the temperature Ta1 in the inner tank of the first pyrolysis furnace is: Tc1-Ta1≥15°C, open the heating pipe valve and heating pipe fan of the third pyrolysis furnace; open the heating pipe valve of the first pyrolysis furnace, and use the excess heat in the third pyrolysis furnace to heat the first pyrolysis furnace;

[0181] 3-3D-2) As the heat is transferred, when the difference between the temperature Tc1 in the inner tank of the third pyrolysis furnace and the temperature Ta1 in the inner tank of the first pyrolysis furnace is: Tc1-Ta1<15°C, the heating pipe valve of the third pyrolysis furnace is opened, the heating pipe valve of the first pyrolysis furnace is opened, and the heating pipe fan of the third pyrolysis furnace is opened at the same time, and the heating pipe valve of the first pyrolysis furnace is closed, and the excess heat in the third pyrolysis furnace is used to heat the second pyrolysis furnace;

[0182] 3-3D-3) With the transfer of heat, when the difference between the temperature Tc1 in the inner tank of the third pyrolysis furnace and the temperature Tb1 in the inner tank of the second pyrolysis furnace is: Tc1-Tb1<15°C, the heating pipe valve of the third pyrolysis furnace is closed, the heating pipe valve of the second pyrolysis furnace is closed, and the heating pipe fan of the third pyrolysis furnace is closed at the same time, and the excess heat in the pyrolysis process of the oil tea shell in the third pyrolysis furnace is used to heat the heat exchange heat utilization of the second pyrolysis furnace. The cooling process of the third pyrolysis furnace is completed.

[0183] 3-3E) The third pyrolysis furnace produces carbon and is loaded with tea shells

[0184] After the cooling and heat exchange treatment of the third pyrolysis furnace is completed, the charcoal obtained from the heat treatment in the third pyrolysis furnace is discharged, and then the camellia oil shells with the initial moisture content determined are reloaded into the third pyrolysis furnace according to "Step 2. Loading camellia oil shells", and the mass of the loaded camellia oil shells, the absolute dry mass of the camellia oil shells, the mass of the water contained, and the mass of the liquid products of the pyrolysis treatment are determined.

[0185] 4) The first, second and third pyrolysis furnaces are cyclically and repeatedly subjected to pyrolysis treatment, cooling-heat exchange treatment and carbon removal treatment until all the heat-treated tea oil shells are completely heat-treated.

[0186] Example 2

[0187] The heat treatment temperature Ta of the camellia shell in the first, second and third pyrolysis furnaces is 600°C; the mass of the camellia shell loaded in the first, second and third pyrolysis furnaces in step 2) is 6kg, 7kg and 8kg respectively; the mass of the liquid products completely produced by the pyrolysis of the camellia shell in the first, second and third pyrolysis furnaces are 0.8327kg, 0.9182kg and 1.0037kg respectively; the internal temperature of the furnace liner of the first, second and third pyrolysis furnaces in steps 3-1C-1), 3-2C-1) is <600°C; the internal temperature of the furnace liner of the first, second and third pyrolysis furnaces in steps 3-1C-2), 3-2C-2) is between 600°C and 610°C; the internal temperature of the furnace liner of the first, second and third pyrolysis furnaces in steps 3-1C-3), 3-2C-3) is >460°C;

[0188] Except for the above differences, the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0189] Example 3

[0190] The heat treatment temperature Ta of the camellia shell in the first, second and third pyrolysis furnaces is 750°C; the mass of the camellia shell loaded in the first, second and third pyrolysis furnaces in step 2) is 6kg, 7kg and 8kg respectively; the mass of the liquid products completely produced by the pyrolysis of the camellia shell in the first, second and third pyrolysis furnaces is 0.8428kg, 0.9283kg and 1.0138kg respectively; in steps 3-1C-1), 3-2C-1) and 3-3C-1), the internal temperature of the furnace body of the first, second and third pyrolysis furnaces is <750°C; in steps 3-1C-2), 3-2C-2) and 3-3C-2), the internal temperature of the furnace body of the first, second and third pyrolysis furnaces is between 750°C and 760°C; in steps 3-1C-3), 3-2C-3) and 3-3C-3), the internal temperature of the furnace body of the first, second and third pyrolysis furnaces is >760°C;

[0191] Except for the above differences, the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0192] The above embodiments of the present invention are only exemplary and do not constitute any limitation to the scope of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the details and forms of the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, but these modifications and replacements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for heat treatment of oil-tea camellia shells, characterized in that: The steps include: 1) Loading the camellia oleifera shells into at least two pyrolysis furnaces, and measuring the mass G1 and the water content G2 of the loaded camellia oleifera shells. W ; Calculate the mass G of the liquid product completely produced by pyrolysis of the loaded camellia shell A ; 2) heating and heating the camellia oleifera shells loaded in the first pyrolysis furnace to perform pyrolysis treatment, wherein the pyrolysis treatment temperature is set to Ta; 2A) When the temperature Tn in the pyrolysis furnace is lower than Ta, the pyrolysis furnace continues to be heated; 2B) When the temperature Tn in the pyrolysis furnace is: Ta≤Tn≤(Ta+10)℃, stop heating; 2C) When the temperature Tn in the pyrolysis furnace is: Tn>(Ta+10)℃, the heating is stopped and the excess heat in the pyrolysis furnace is transported through a pipeline to the second pyrolysis furnace filled with camellia oil shells, so as to heat the furnace body of the second pyrolysis furnace and the camellia oil shells to be pyrolyzed therein; Steps 2B) and 2C) are performed alternately until the mass of the liquid product produced by pyrolysis of camellia shells in the first pyrolysis furnace reaches G A , the pyrolysis treatment of camellia shells in the first pyrolysis furnace was completed; 3) According to the operation of step 2), the oil tea shells loaded in the remaining pyrolysis furnaces are pyrolyzed in turn.

2. The heat treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass of liquid product completely produced by pyrolysis of camellia oleifera shell G A According to formula (3), G A = -0.12677+ 4.76298×10 -6 The 2 -1.44899×10 -7 × Yes 2.5 + 0.98G W (3) In formula (3), G A is the mass of liquid product, kg; Ta is the pyrolysis temperature of camellia shell, °C; G W is the water content of the camellia oleifera shell loaded into the pyrolysis furnace, kg.

3. The heat treatment method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The water content G of the camellia oleifera shell in step 1) W Determine as follows: 1A) Determination of the initial moisture content M of the tea shell to be heat treated 初 ; 1B) According to formula (5), calculate the absolute dry mass G of the oil tea shell loaded into the pyrolysis furnace: Y , G Y = G1 / (1+ M 初 ) (5) In formula (5): G Y is the absolute dry mass of camellia oleifera shell, kg; G1 is the mass of camellia oleifera shell, kg; M 初 is the initial moisture content of the tea oil shell to be treated, %; 1C) Calculate the water content G of the oil tea shell according to formula (4): W , G W = G1-G Y (4)。 4. The heat treatment method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The initial moisture content M in step 1A) 初 Follow the steps below to perform the measurement: 1A-1) randomly selecting a certain mass of camellia oleifera shells from the camellia oleifera shells to be heat-treated according to a random sampling method, weighing them, and recording the weight as G0; 1A-2) Randomly weighed Camellia oleifera shells were placed in an oven for drying until they were absolutely dry and constant weight was reached, wherein the drying temperature was (100±3)°C; then the weight of the Camellia oleifera shells after absolute drying was weighed and recorded as G 干 ; 1A-3) Calculate the initial moisture content M of the oil tea shell according to formula (1): 初 , formula (1) is as follows: M 初 =(G0 -G 干 ) / G 干 ×100% (1)。 5. A method for heat treatment of oil-tea camellia shells, characterized in that: The steps include: 1) Determine the initial moisture content M 初 The camellia oleifera shells were loaded into three pyrolysis furnaces, and the mass of the camellia oleifera shells in the three pyrolysis furnaces was measured, which was recorded as G 1A , G 1B and G 1C Among them, the three pyrolysis furnaces are connected in series through heating pipes, and the excess heat generated by the pyrolysis of the oil tea shells in the pyrolysis furnaces is transported to the other two pyrolysis furnaces that are not undergoing pyrolysis treatment, so as to heat the pyrolysis furnaces and the oil tea shells inside them; 2) Determine the water content of the tea oil shell in the first, second and third pyrolysis furnaces respectively, and record them as G 1AW , G 1BW and G 1CW ; Calculate the mass of liquid products completely produced by pyrolysis of camellia shells in the first, second and third pyrolysis furnaces, respectively, and record them as G 1A , G 1B , G 1C ; 3) Pyrolysis treatment The pyrolysis temperature of the camellia shell in the pyrolysis furnace is Ta; the temperatures in the first, second and third pyrolysis furnaces during the heat treatment process are respectively recorded as Ta1, Tb1 and Tc1; the three pyrolysis furnaces are cycled to perform pyrolysis treatment in turn, and when one of the pyrolysis furnaces is performing pyrolysis treatment, the corresponding pyrolysis gas condensation system is turned on to condense the pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis of the camellia shell, collect the liquid phase products of the pyrolysis, and monitor the quality of the liquid phase products in real time; 3-1) Heat treatment of tea oil shells in the first pyrolysis furnace 3-1A) Turn on the power supply to heat the first pyrolysis furnace, and gradually increase the temperature inside the furnace until the temperature inside the furnace reaches the pyrolysis temperature Ta of the oil tea shell, and then carry out pyrolysis treatment according to the following temperature conditions based on the temperature inside the furnace: 3-1A-1) When the temperature inside the first pyrolysis furnace Ta1<Ta, the heating power supply of the first pyrolysis furnace is turned on to heat the first pyrolysis furnace; 3-1A-2) When the temperature in the first pyrolysis furnace is Ta≤Ta1≤(Ta+10)°C, turn off the heating power of the first pyrolysis furnace; 3-1A-3) When the temperature in the first pyrolysis furnace Ta1>(Ta+10)℃, turn off the heating power supply, and transfer the excess heat in the first pyrolysis furnace to the second pyrolysis furnace to heat the second pyrolysis furnace and the camellia shells loaded therein; 3-1A-4) As the second pyrolysis furnace continues to be heated, the temperature in the first pyrolysis furnace decreases. When the temperature in the first pyrolysis furnace decreases to Ta≤Ta1≤(Ta+10)°C, the treatment is performed according to the temperature conditions of 3-1A-2); According to the temperature conditions of 3-1A-2) and 3-1A-3), the temperature is adjusted in turn until the mass G of the liquid product produced by pyrolysis of tea oil shell in the first pyrolysis furnace is 1A , the pyrolysis of the oil tea shell in the first pyrolysis furnace is completed, the pyrolysis treatment is finished, and the pyrolysis gas condensation system and power supply of the first pyrolysis furnace are turned off; 3-1B) Treatment of charcoal from the first pyrolysis furnace After the solid product charcoal obtained by heat treatment in the first pyrolysis furnace is discharged, the oil tea shells with the initial moisture content determined are loaded into the first pyrolysis furnace again, and the mass of the loaded oil tea shells is determined; then, the absolute dry mass, the mass of the water contained, and the mass of the liquid product of the pyrolysis treatment of the oil tea shells loaded in the first pyrolysis furnace are determined according to "step 2"; 3-2) Heat treatment of tea oil shells in the second pyrolysis furnace 3-2A) After the charcoal treatment in the first pyrolysis furnace is completed, the power is turned on to heat the second pyrolysis furnace, and the temperature inside the furnace body is gradually increased until the temperature inside the furnace reaches the pyrolysis temperature Ta of the oil tea shell, and then the pyrolysis treatment is carried out according to the following temperature conditions according to the temperature inside the furnace: 3-2A-1) When the temperature inside the second pyrolysis furnace is Tb1<Ta, the heating power supply of the second pyrolysis furnace is turned on to heat the second pyrolysis furnace; 3-2A-2) When the temperature in the second pyrolysis furnace is Ta≤Tb1≤(Ta+10)°C, turn off the heating power of the second pyrolysis furnace; 3-2A-3) When the temperature in the second pyrolysis furnace Tb1>(Ta+10)°C, turn off the heating power supply, and transfer the excess heat in the second pyrolysis furnace to the third pyrolysis furnace to heat the third pyrolysis furnace and the camellia shells loaded therein; 3-2A-4) As the third pyrolysis furnace continues to be heated, the temperature in the second pyrolysis furnace decreases. When the temperature in the second pyrolysis furnace decreases to Ta≤Tb1≤(Ta+10)°C, the treatment is performed according to the temperature conditions of 3-2A-2); According to the temperature conditions of 3-2A-2) and 3-2A-3), the temperature is adjusted in turn until the mass G of the liquid product produced by the pyrolysis of the oil tea shell in the second pyrolysis furnace is 2A , the pyrolysis of the oil tea shell in the second pyrolysis furnace is completed, the pyrolysis treatment is finished, and the pyrolysis gas condensation system and power supply of the second pyrolysis furnace are turned off; 3-2B) Carbon treatment of the second pyrolysis furnace After the solid product char obtained by heat treatment in the second pyrolysis furnace is discharged, the oil tea shells with the initial moisture content determined are loaded into the second pyrolysis furnace again, and the mass of the loaded oil tea shells is determined; then, the absolute dry mass, the mass of the water contained, and the mass of the liquid product of the pyrolysis treatment of the oil tea shells loaded in the second pyrolysis furnace are determined according to "step 2"; 3-3) Heat treatment of tea oil shells in the third pyrolysis furnace 3-3A) After the charcoal treatment in the second pyrolysis furnace is completed, the power is turned on to heat the third pyrolysis furnace, and the temperature inside the furnace body is gradually increased until the temperature inside the furnace reaches the pyrolysis temperature Ta of the oil tea shell, and then the pyrolysis treatment is carried out according to the following temperature conditions according to the temperature inside the furnace: 3-3A-1) When the temperature inside the third pyrolysis furnace is Tc1<Ta, the heating power supply of the third pyrolysis furnace is turned on to heat the third pyrolysis furnace; 3-3A-2) When the temperature in the third pyrolysis furnace is Ta≤Tc1≤(Ta+10)°C, turn off the heating power of the third pyrolysis furnace; 3-3A-3) When the temperature in the third pyrolysis furnace Tc1>(Ta+10)°C, turn off the heating power supply, and transfer the excess heat in the third pyrolysis furnace to the first pyrolysis furnace to heat the first pyrolysis furnace and the camellia shells loaded therein; 3-3A-4) As the first pyrolysis furnace continues to be heated, the temperature in the third pyrolysis furnace decreases. When the temperature in the third pyrolysis furnace decreases to Ta≤Tc1≤(Ta+10)°C, the treatment is performed according to the temperature conditions of 3-3A-2); According to the temperature conditions of 3-3A-2) and 3-3A-3), the temperature is adjusted in turn until the mass G of the liquid product produced by pyrolysis of tea oil shell in the third pyrolysis furnace is 3A , the pyrolysis of the oil tea shell in the third pyrolysis furnace is completed, the pyrolysis treatment is finished, and the pyrolysis gas condensation system and power supply of the third pyrolysis furnace are turned off; 3-3B) Treatment of carbon from the third pyrolysis furnace After discharging the solid product charcoal obtained by heat treatment in the third pyrolysis furnace, the oil tea shells with the initial moisture content determined are loaded into the third pyrolysis furnace again, and the mass of the loaded oil tea shells is determined; then, according to "step 2", the absolute dry mass of the oil tea shells loaded in the third pyrolysis furnace, the mass of the water contained, and the mass of the liquid phase product of the pyrolysis treatment are determined; 4) Repeat steps 3-1), 3-2), and 3-3), and the first, second, and third pyrolysis furnaces are cyclically repeated to perform pyrolysis treatment, cooling-heat exchange treatment, and carbon removal treatment until all the heat-treated tea oil shells are completely heat-treated.

6. The heat treatment method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The process of heat treatment of tea oil shells in the first pyrolysis furnace in step 3-1) further includes step 3-1A-A) before the charring treatment in the first pyrolysis furnace in step 3-1B), i.e., heat exchange treatment in the first pyrolysis furnace: After the heat treatment in the first pyrolysis furnace is completed, the heat of the first pyrolysis furnace is transferred to the second and third pyrolysis furnaces for heat exchange treatment to achieve preheating treatment of the oil tea shells in the second and third pyrolysis furnaces. During the heat exchange treatment process: 3-1A-A-1) When the difference between the temperature Ta1 in the first pyrolysis furnace and the temperature Tb1 in the second pyrolysis furnace is: Ta1-Tb1≥15°C, the excess heat in the first pyrolysis furnace is transferred to the second pyrolysis furnace for heating the second pyrolysis furnace; 3-1A-A-2) With the transfer of heat, when the difference between the temperature Ta1 in the first pyrolysis furnace and the temperature Tb1 in the second pyrolysis furnace is: Ta1-Tb1<15°C, the excess heat in the first pyrolysis furnace is transferred to the third pyrolysis furnace for heating the third pyrolysis furnace; 3-1A-A-3) As heat is transferred, when the difference between the temperature Ta1 in the first pyrolysis furnace and the temperature Tc1 in the third pyrolysis furnace is: Ta1-Tc1<15°C, the pyrolysis gas condensation system of the first pyrolysis furnace is turned off, and the heat exchange treatment of the first pyrolysis furnace is completed.

7. The heat treatment method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The process of heat treatment of camellia shells in the second pyrolysis furnace in step 3-2) further includes step 3-2A-A) before the charcoal removal treatment in the second pyrolysis furnace in step 3-2B), i.e., heat exchange treatment in the second pyrolysis furnace: After the pyrolysis treatment in the second pyrolysis furnace is completed, the heat of the second pyrolysis furnace is transferred to the first and third pyrolysis furnaces for heat exchange treatment to achieve preheating treatment of the oil tea shells in the first and third pyrolysis furnaces. During the heat exchange treatment process: 3-2A-A-1) When the difference between the temperature Tb1 in the second pyrolysis furnace and the temperature Tc1 in the third pyrolysis furnace is: Tb1-Tc1≥15°C, the excess heat in the second pyrolysis furnace is transferred to the third pyrolysis furnace for heating the third pyrolysis furnace; 3-2A-A-2) With the transfer of heat, when the difference between the temperature Tb1 in the second pyrolysis furnace and the temperature Tc1 in the third pyrolysis furnace is: Tb1-Tc1<15°C, the excess heat in the second pyrolysis furnace is transferred to the first pyrolysis furnace to heat the first pyrolysis furnace; 3-2A-A-3) As heat is transferred, when the difference between the temperature Tb1 in the second pyrolysis furnace and the temperature Ta1 in the first pyrolysis furnace is: Tc1-Ta1<15°C, the pyrolysis gas condensation system of the second pyrolysis furnace is closed, and the heat exchange treatment of the second pyrolysis furnace is completed.

8. The heat treatment method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The process of heat treatment of camellia shells in the third pyrolysis furnace in step 3-3) further includes step 3-3A-A) before the charcoal removal treatment in the third pyrolysis furnace in step 3-3B), i.e., heat exchange treatment in the third pyrolysis furnace: After the pyrolysis treatment in the third pyrolysis furnace is completed, the heat of the third pyrolysis furnace is transferred to the first and second pyrolysis furnaces for heat exchange treatment to achieve preheating treatment of the oil tea shells in the first and second pyrolysis furnaces. During the heat exchange treatment process: 3-3A-A-1) When the difference between the temperature Tc1 in the third pyrolysis furnace and the temperature Ta1 in the first pyrolysis furnace is: Tc1-Ta1≥15°C, the excess heat in the third pyrolysis furnace is transferred to the first pyrolysis furnace for heating the first pyrolysis furnace; 3-3A-A-2) With the transfer of heat, when the difference between the temperature Tc1 in the third pyrolysis furnace and the temperature Ta1 in the first pyrolysis furnace is: Tc1-Ta1<15°C, the excess heat in the third pyrolysis furnace is transferred to the second pyrolysis furnace for heating the second pyrolysis furnace; 3-3A-A-3) As heat is transferred, when the difference between the temperature Tc1 in the third pyrolysis furnace and the temperature Tb1 in the second pyrolysis furnace is: Tc1-Tb1<15°C, the pyrolysis gas condensation system of the third pyrolysis furnace is closed, and the heat exchange treatment of the third pyrolysis furnace is completed.

9. The heat treatment method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mass of the liquid product completely produced by pyrolysis of the camellia oleifera shells in the first, second and third pyrolysis furnaces in step 2) is calculated according to formula (3): G A = -0.12677+ 4.76298×10 -6 The 2 -1.44899×10 -7 × Yes 2.5 + 0.98G W (3) In formula (3), G A is the mass of liquid product, kg; Ta is the pyrolysis temperature of camellia shell, °C; G W is the water content of the camellia oleifera shell loaded into the pyrolysis furnace, kg.