Hundred-micron projectile ultra-high-speed launching device and using method thereof
By designing a super-high-speed launch device of 100 micron-level projectiles, the ultra-high-speed launch is achieved using high-pressure gas and cone segment structures, the problem of difficulty in super-high-speed launch of 100 micron-level projectiles is solved, and the test success rate and emission efficiency are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510110638.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-04
AI Technical Summary
The prior art is difficult to effectively launch 100 micron-scale projectiles, especially under ultra-high-speed conditions, and the 100 micron-scale projectiles are easily frictionally ablated with the inner wall of the launch tube, resulting in failure to launch.
A 100-micron-level projectile ultra-high-speed launch device is designed, including a high-pressure air chamber, a pump tube, a cone section, a launch tube, a target chamber and a sealing diaphragm. High-pressure gas is provided through the high-pressure gas chamber, and the piston moves axially along the pump tube to form an ultra-high air pressure, which pushes the sealing diaphragm to rupture, and the ultra-high air pressure flows into the launch tube, and further increases the gas pressure and flow rate through the throat, achieving ultra-high-speed emission of a 100-micron-scale projectile.
The ultra-high speed (2-5km/s) emission of 100 micron-level projectiles is achieved, which avoids frictional ablation between the projectile and the inner wall of the launch tube, ensures the integrity and efficient testing of the projectiles, reduces manufacturing costs and improves the launch efficiency.
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Figure CN119756072A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of air cannons, and in particular to a device for launching ultra-high-speed 100-micron-level projectiles and a method for using the device. Background Art
[0002] The projectiles fired by traditional air cannons are relatively large. They use pneumatic separation technology to achieve the launch and separation of projectiles and sabots. The diameter of the projectiles is generally above 3mm. For smaller projectiles of 1mm-3mm, a sabot-free projectile direct-filling launcher can be used for hypervelocity launch. However, for smaller spherical projectiles of hundreds of microns, whose mass is in the microgram level, the above-mentioned pneumatic separation technology is no longer applicable because the gas filled has a great influence on the trajectory of the hundred-micron projectile; the processing and manufacturing of the hundred-micron-level large aspect ratio launch tube required for the sabot-free direct-filling launch technology is also extremely difficult, and the current industrial level cannot be achieved. In addition, the direct-filling type of hundred-micron projectiles is very easy to rub against the inner wall of the launch tube and burn and vaporize, making it impossible to launch. However, in space, there are tens of billions of fragments below 1mm, accounting for the largest proportion of all sizes of fragments. The risk of hypervelocity impact caused by the hundred-micron-level fragments on astronauts' extravehicular activities is extremely high, and relevant equipment is required to simulate the hypervelocity impact test of the hundred-micron-level fragments on the ground.
[0003] Therefore, how to make a hundred-micron-level projectile ejected at ultra-high speed becomes a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently by technicians in this field. Summary of the invention
[0004] The invention provides a 100-micron-level projectile ultra-high speed launching device and a use method thereof, so as to solve the problem of how to launch the 100-micron-level projectile at ultra-high speed.
[0005] In one aspect, the present invention provides a device for launching ultra-high-speed projectiles of 100-micrometer-level projectiles, comprising: A high-pressure gas chamber, used for providing high-pressure gas; A pump tube, one end of which can be connected to the high-pressure gas chamber, and a piston capable of moving axially along the pump tube is arranged inside; A cone section, the inlet of which is connected with the other end of the pump tube; The launch tube has one end that can be connected to the outlet of the cone section; a throat portion is provided inside the launch tube at one end close to the cone section; the throat portion is used to contain the 100-micron-level projectile; The target room is communicated with the other end of the launch tube and is provided with a test target inside; one side of the test target faces the launch tube.
[0006] In some embodiments, the diameter of the throat portion gradually decreases and then gradually expands.
[0007] In some embodiments, the inlet diameter of the cone section is 8 mm, the outlet diameter is 3 mm, and the cone angle is 20°; The inlet diameter of the throat is 3mm, the middle diameter is 1mm, the cone angle from the inlet to the middle is 10°, the outlet diameter is 3mm, and the cone angle from the middle to the outlet is 10°; The axial length of the launch tube is 750mm.
[0008] In some embodiments, it also includes: The solenoid valve is arranged at the connection between the high-pressure gas chamber and the pump pipe to connect or disconnect the pump pipe with the high-pressure gas chamber and control the rapid release of the high-pressure gas in the high-pressure gas chamber.
[0009] In some embodiments, it also includes: The sealing diaphragm is installed inside the end of the launch tube close to the pump tube.
[0010] In some of the embodiments, a light gas is injected into the pump tube.
[0011] In some embodiments, the piston is made of polyethylene.
[0012] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for using a 100-micron-level projectile ultra-high-speed launcher, comprising the following steps: S1. Place the test target into the target chamber, place the piston into the pump tube, and place the 100-micron-level projectile into the throat; S2, connecting the target chamber, the launch tube, the cone section, the pump tube, the solenoid valve and the high-pressure gas chamber in sequence; S3, evacuate the target chamber, the launch tube, the cone section and the pump tube; inject light gas into the pump tube, and inject high-pressure gas into the high-pressure gas chamber; S4. Open the solenoid valve to allow the high-pressure gas in the high-pressure gas chamber to flow into the pump tube, so as to drive the piston to compress the light gas, thereby driving the 100-micron-level projectile to be shot at the test target at high speed along the axial direction of the launch tube.
[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The ultra-high-speed launch device of the 100-micron-level projectile of the present invention is provided with a high-pressure gas chamber, a pump pipe, a launch tube, a cone section, a target chamber and a sealing diaphragm. When the pump pipe is connected to the high-pressure gas chamber, the high-pressure gas flows into the pump pipe from the high-pressure gas chamber instantaneously, pushing the piston to move axially along the pump pipe. The moving piston compresses the light gas in the pump pipe, forming an ultra-high pressure in the cone section. When the force applied by the ultra-high pressure to the sealing diaphragm is greater than the bearing limit of the sealing diaphragm, the sealing diaphragm is forced to rupture instantaneously, and the ultra-high pressure flows into the launch tube. When the ultra-high pressure flows through the throat, the pressure and flow rate of the gas are further increased due to the narrowing of the airway, so that the 100-micron-level projectile is launched out of the launch tube at an ultra-high speed. At the same time, the trajectory of the 100-micron-level projectile is controlled near the axis of the launch tube. During the movement, the 100-micron-level projectile does not come into contact with the inner wall of the launch tube, which reduces the kinetic energy loss of the 100-micron-level projectile and is conducive to ensuring the launch speed. It also avoids the friction and ablation loss between the 100-micron projectile and the inner wall of the launch tube, ensuring that the 100-micron projectile is launched relatively completely, and improving the success rate of the test. The overall structure is relatively simple, the manufacturing cost is low, and the launch efficiency is high, which can provide an effective test method for the evaluation of the hypervelocity impact effect of 100-micron-sized space debris. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of some specific embodiments of a 100-micron-level projectile ultra-high-speed launching device of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the internal structure of the launch tube in the ultra-high-speed launch device for 100-micron-level projectiles is shown; Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of some other specific embodiments of a 100-micron-level projectile ultra-high-speed launching device of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a flow chart of a method for using a 100-micron-level projectile ultra-high-speed launching device of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the test target after the test is completed.
[0015] In the attached drawings, 110, high-pressure gas chamber; 120, pump pipe; 121, piston; 130, launch tube; 131, throat; 140, target chamber; 141, test target; 150, cone section; 160, solenoid valve; 170, sealing diaphragm; 180, speed increasing plate; 200, hundred-micron-level projectile. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0016] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0017] As described in the background technology, the projectiles fired by traditional air cannons are relatively large. They use pneumatic separation technology to realize the firing and separation of projectiles and sabots, and the projectile diameter is generally above 3mm. For smaller projectiles of 1mm-3mm, a direct-filling launcher without a sabot can be used for ultra-high-speed firing. However, for smaller spherical projectiles of hundreds of microns, whose mass is in the microgram level, the above-mentioned pneumatic separation technology is no longer applicable because the gas filled has a great influence on the trajectory of the hundred-micron projectile; the processing and manufacturing of the hundred-micron-level large aspect ratio launch tube required for the direct-filling launch technology without a sabot is also extremely difficult, and the existing industrial level cannot be achieved. In addition, the direct-filling type of the hundred-micron projectile is very easy to rub against the inner wall of the launch tube and ablate and vaporize, and cannot be fired. However, in space, there are tens of billions of fragments below 1mm, accounting for the largest proportion of all sizes of fragments. The risk of ultra-high-speed impact caused by the fragments of hundreds of microns on the astronauts' extravehicular activities is very high, and relevant equipment is required to simulate the ultra-high-speed impact test of the fragments of hundreds of microns on the ground.
[0018] Therefore, how to make a hundred-micron-level projectile ejected at ultra-high speed becomes a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently by technicians in this field.
[0019] To solve the above problems, refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 On the one hand, the present invention provides a 100-micron-class projectile hypervelocity launch device, comprising a high-pressure gas chamber 110, a pump tube 120, a cone section 150, a launch tube 130, a target chamber 140 and a sealing diaphragm 170. The high-pressure gas chamber 110 is used to provide high-pressure gas as an energy source for the 100-micron-class projectile hypervelocity launch device. One end of the pump tube 120 can be connected to the high-pressure gas chamber 110. A piston 121 that can move along the axial direction of the pump tube 120 is arranged inside the pump tube 120. Light gas is injected into the pump tube 120. The inlet of the cone section 150 is connected to the other end of the pump tube 120. One end of the launch tube 130 can be connected to the outlet of the cone section 150. A throat section 131 is arranged inside the launch tube 130 near one end of the cone section 150. The throat section 131 is used to contain the 100-micron-class projectile 200. The target chamber 140 is connected to the other end of the launch tube 130. The target chamber 140 is used as a placement area for the test target 141. The test target 141 is disposed inside the target chamber 140. One side of the test target 141 faces the launch tube 130. The sealing diaphragm 170 is installed inside the launch tube 130 at one end thereof close to the pump tube 120.
[0020] The launching process and principle of the 100-micron projectile 200 are as follows: The pump tube 120 is connected to the high-pressure gas chamber 110, and the high-pressure gas flows into the pump tube 120 from the high-pressure gas chamber 110 instantaneously, pushing the piston 121 to move axially along the pump tube 120. The moving piston 121 compresses the light gas in the pump tube 120, forming an ultra-high pressure in the cone section 150. When the force applied by the ultra-high pressure on the sealing diaphragm 170 is greater than the bearing limit of the sealing diaphragm 170, the sealing diaphragm 170 is forced to rupture instantaneously. At this time, the ultra-high pressure flows into the launch tube 130. When the ultra-high pressure flows through the throat section 131, the pressure of the gas is further increased due to the narrowing of the airway, so that the 100-micron-level projectile 200 is launched out of the launch tube 130 at an ultra-high speed (2-5km / s). At the same time, the trajectory of the 100-micron-level projectile 200 is controlled near the axis of the launch tube 130. During the movement, the 100-micron-level projectile 200 does not come into contact with the inner wall of the launch tube 130, which reduces the kinetic energy loss of the 100-micron-level projectile 200 and helps to ensure the launch speed. It also avoids the friction and ablation loss between the 100-micron-level projectile 200 and the inner wall of the launch tube 130, ensuring that the 100-micron-level projectile 200 is launched relatively completely, and improving the success rate of the test. Afterwards, the 100-micron-level projectile 200 hits the test target 141 to complete the test. Figure 5 The test target is shown after the test is completed. The overall structure is relatively simple, the manufacturing cost is low, and the launch efficiency is high. It can provide an effective test method for evaluating the hypervelocity impact effect of space debris with a size of hundreds of microns.
[0021] Preferably, the high-pressure gas chamber 110 is cylindrical, with an inner diameter of 40 mm and an axial length of 200 mm, and the maximum gas injection pressure can reach 40 MPa. The injected gas can be nitrogen or other gases.
[0022] Preferably, the inner diameter of the pump tube 120 is 8 mm and the axial length is 1600 mm.
[0023] Preferably, the piston 121 is made of high-pressure polyethylene.
[0024] Preferably, the light gas may be hydrogen or helium.
[0025] Preferably, if Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the caliber of the throat portion 131 gradually decreases and then gradually expands. In this way, when the ultra-high pressure gas flows through the throat portion 131, the gas pressure is further increased due to the narrowing of the airway, so that the 100-micron-level projectile 200 is launched out of the launch tube 130 at an ultra-high speed. At the same time, the trajectory of the 100-micron-level projectile 200 can be controlled near the axis of the launch tube 130.
[0026] Preferably, the inlet diameter of the cone section 150 is 8 mm, the outlet diameter is 3 mm, and the cone angle is 20°. The inlet diameter of the throat section 131 is 3 mm, the middle diameter is 1 mm, the cone angle from the inlet to the middle is 10°, the outlet diameter is 3 mm, and the cone angle from the middle to the outlet is 10°. The outlet diameter of the launch tube 130 is also 3 mm, and the overall axial length is 750 mm.
[0027] Preferably, the target chamber 140 is cylindrical, with an inner diameter of 500 mm and an axial length of 1200 mm.
[0028] Preferably, the high-pressure gas chamber 110 and the pump tube 120, the pump tube 120 and the cone section 150, the cone section 150 and the launch tube 130, and the launch tube 130 and the target chamber 140 are respectively detachably connected by flanges to facilitate the disassembly, replacement and assembly of the hundred-micron-class projectile ultra-high-speed launch device.
[0029] It should be noted that, according to the test requirements, one or more hundred-micrometer-level projectiles 200 may be placed in the throat portion 131 at a time.
[0030] Preferably, the ultra-high-speed launching device for 100-micron-class projectiles further comprises an electromagnetic valve 160. The electromagnetic valve 160 is disposed at the connection between the high-pressure gas chamber 110 and the pump tube 120 to connect or disconnect the pump tube 120 with the high-pressure gas chamber 110, and control the rapid release of the high-pressure gas in the high-pressure gas chamber 110. It should be noted that the electromagnetic valve 160 is a large-flux rapid electromagnetic valve 160.
[0031] In other embodiments, Figure 3 As shown, the ultra-high-speed launch device for 100-micron-class projectiles also includes a speed-increasing plate 180. The speed-increasing plate 180 is installed in the middle of one side of the test target 141 away from the launch tube 130. Not only can the ejection speed of the 100-micron-class projectile 200 be further improved, but also the directionality of the ejection of the 100-micron-class projectile 200 can be further improved. It should be noted that the speed-increasing plate 180 can be a magnet plate, and the 100-micron-class projectile 200 is made of magnetic material. The speed-increasing plate 180 can also be a positive plate with positive charge or a negative plate with negative charge, and correspondingly, the 100-micron-class projectile 200 has a negative charge or a positive charge. It can be understood that the high-pressure gas chamber 110, the pump tube 120, the piston 121, the cone section 150, the launch tube 130, the solenoid valve 160 and the sealing diaphragm 170 cooperate, and the acceleration effect of the 100-micron-class projectile 200 is not of the same order of magnitude as the acceleration effect of the speed-increasing plate 180 on the 100-micron-class projectile 200. The speed increaser 180 is used only when required by a specific test.
[0032] Reference Figure 4 On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for using a 100-micron-level projectile ultra-high-speed launch device, comprising the following steps: S1. Install the test target 141 into the target chamber 140 , install the piston 121 into the pump tube 120 , and install one or more 100-micron-level projectiles 200 into the throat portion 131 .
[0033] S2. Connect the target chamber 140, the launch tube 130, the cone section 150, the pump tube 120, the solenoid valve 160 and the high-pressure gas chamber 110 in sequence.
[0034] S3, vacuum the target chamber 140, the launch tube 130, the cone section 150 and the pump tube 120. Inject light gas such as hydrogen or helium into the pump tube 120, and inject high-pressure gas into the high-pressure gas chamber 110, so that the pressure in the high-pressure gas chamber 110 reaches 40MPa to provide an energy source. Vacuum the target chamber 140 and the launch tube 130.
[0035] It should be noted that before injecting light gases such as hydrogen or helium, a vacuum treatment is first performed. Light gases are conducive to the maximum energy transfer to the projectile. By vacuuming the target chamber 140 and the launch tube 130, on the one hand, the actual working conditions can be restored more realistically; on the other hand, air resistance is effectively avoided and the kinetic energy loss of the projectile is reduced.
[0036] S4, opening the solenoid valve 160 to allow the high-pressure gas in the high-pressure gas chamber 110 to flow into the pump tube 120, so as to drive the piston 121 to compress the light gas, thereby driving the 100-micron-level projectile 200 to be launched at high speed along the axial direction of the launch tube 130 toward the test target 141.
[0037] On the whole, when the ultra-high pressure gas flows through the throat portion 131, the pressure of the gas is further increased due to the narrowing of the airway, so that the hundred-micron-level projectile 200 is launched out of the launch tube 130 at an ultra-high speed (2-5km / s). At the same time, the trajectory of the hundred-micron-level projectile 200 is controlled near the axis of the launch tube 130. During the movement, the hundred-micron-level projectile 200 does not come into contact with the inner wall of the launch tube 130, which reduces the kinetic energy loss of the hundred-micron-level projectile 200 and is conducive to ensuring the launch speed. It also avoids the friction and ablation loss between the hundred-micron-level projectile 200 and the inner wall of the launch tube 130, ensuring that the hundred-micron-level projectile 200 is launched more completely, and improving the success rate of the test. The overall structure is relatively simple, the manufacturing cost is low, and the launch efficiency is high, which can provide an effective test method for the evaluation of the ultra-high-speed impact effect of space debris of the hundred-micron size.
[0038] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.
[0039] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.
[0040] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0041] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.
[0042] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A device for launching ultra-high-speed projectiles of 100-micrometer-level projectiles, characterized in that: include: A high-pressure gas chamber, used for providing high-pressure gas; A pump tube, one end of which can be in communication with the high-pressure gas chamber, and a piston is provided inside the pump tube and can move axially along the pump tube; A cone section, the inlet of which is connected to the other end of the pump tube; A launch tube, one end of which can be connected to the outlet of the cone section; a throat portion is provided inside the launch tube near the end of the cone section; the throat portion is used to contain a hundred-micron-level projectile; The target chamber is communicated with the other end of the launch tube and is provided with a test target inside; one side of the test target faces the launch tube.
2. The ultra-high-speed launching device for 100-micron-level projectiles according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The diameter of the throat portion gradually decreases first and then gradually expands.
3. The ultra-high-speed launching device for 100-micron-level projectiles according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The inlet diameter of the cone section is 8 mm, the outlet diameter is 3 mm, and the cone angle is 20°; The inlet diameter of the throat portion is 3 mm, the middle diameter is 1 mm, the cone angle from the inlet to the middle is 10°, the outlet diameter is 3 mm, and the cone angle from the middle to the outlet is 10°; The axial length of the launch tube is 750 mm.
4. The ultra-high-speed launching device for 100-micron-level projectiles according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Also includes: The solenoid valve is arranged at the connection between the high-pressure gas chamber and the pump pipe to connect or disconnect the pump pipe with the high-pressure gas chamber and control the rapid release of the high-pressure gas in the high-pressure gas chamber.
5. The ultra-high-speed launching device for 100-micrometer-class projectiles according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Also includes: A sealing diaphragm is installed inside the end of the launch tube close to the pump tube.
6. The ultra-high-speed launching device for 100-micron-level projectiles according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Light gas is injected into the pump tube.
7. The ultra-high-speed launching device for 100-micron-level projectiles according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The piston is made of polyethylene.
8. A method for using the ultra-high-speed launching device for 100-micrometer-level projectiles as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, placing the test target into the target chamber, placing the piston into the pump tube, and placing the 100-micron-level projectile into the throat portion; S2, connecting the target chamber, the launch tube, the cone section, the pump tube, the solenoid valve and the high-pressure gas chamber in sequence; S3, evacuating the target chamber, the launch tube, the cone section and the pump tube; injecting light gas into the pump tube, and injecting high-pressure gas into the high-pressure gas chamber; S4. Open the solenoid valve to allow the high-pressure gas in the high-pressure gas chamber to flow into the pump tube, so as to drive the piston to compress the light gas, thereby driving the hundred-micron-level projectile to be shot toward the test target at high speed along the axial direction of the launch tube.