Similar simulation test device for variable mining mode of coal mine and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides an analog simulation test device for variable mining modes of a coal mine and a control method of the analog simulation test device. The analog simulation test device for the variable mining mode of the coal mine comprises a model framework; a drawing column; provided is a joint cutting piece. According to the analog simulation test device for the variable mining mode of the coal mine and the control method of the analog simulation test device, the states of the drawing column and the joint cutting piece can be controlled according to specific experiment requirements so as to adjust the position of a roadway, and then the roadway tunneling process, the working face advancing process and the coal seam thickness are simulated; the purpose of simulating different construction methods is achieved, the construction method which can be simulated by a two-dimensional geomechanical model test device in the prior art can be completed, drawing columns which are drawn in different directions can be arranged by utilizing the length and the width of the model frame, and then the mining conditions of all working faces of the whole piece are simulated. And the air transportation condition when a rock layer is overlying after the whole coal seam is completely mined is better simulated, so that the test effect and the test precision of the influence on coal mining are effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining machinery, in particular to a similar simulation test device for a variable mining mode of a coal mine and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Longwall mining is a commonly used coal mining method. It requires two tunnels to be excavated and a section of coal pillars to be left for one working face. It is easy to form a stress concentration zone, the surrounding rock is greatly deformed, and it is difficult to control. It cannot meet the requirements of deep coal safety mining. Moreover, the coal pillars cannot be recovered after the working face is mined, resulting in a waste of coal resources. Based on this, the self-forming tunnel mining technology without coal pillars was proposed. This technology uses the side roof of the goaf to pre-split and cut the seams in advance, so that the overburden of the goaf collapses along the cutting surface under the action of its own weight and mine pressure to form a goaf-side tunnel wall, thereby serving the next working face and changing the traditional longwall mining mode of one side and two tunnels. Because it cuts off the stress transfer path between the roof of the goaf-side tunnel and the overburden of the goaf, the tunnel is in a stress reduction zone, the surrounding rock is more stable, and at the same time, the tunnel excavation volume is reduced, saving coal resources.

[0003] The pillar-free self-forming tunnel mining technology is a new mining method. At present, the research on this technology is still mainly based on on-site industrial tests, numerical simulations and theoretical analysis. However, the theoretical analysis model is simplified, the numerical simulation parameters are inaccurate, and it is difficult to reflect the actual project. The field test cannot monitor the changes of the surrounding rock throughout the entire process, and there are problems such as large investment and long cycle. The geomechanical model test can truly reflect the spatial relationship between the geological structure and the engineering structure, make up for the shortcomings of the above research methods, and truly simulate the deformation and failure characteristics of the surrounding rock under mining conditions. To carry out geomechanical model tests, it is necessary to first design a corresponding geomechanical model test system. The inventors have found that the existing model test devices have the following problems:

[0004] (1) Most existing geomechanical models are two-dimensional experimental devices, so most of them are fixed-size devices with a single simulation scope and poor flexibility.

[0005] (2) Regarding the temporal and spatial migration of the overburden above the goaf, the two-dimensional model can only simulate a single linear working face because of its shallow vertical space, making it difficult to monitor the temporal and spatial migration of the overburden. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art that the test device of the geomechanical model has a single application range and cannot detect the temporal and spatial migration of the overlying rock strata, a similar simulation test device and a control method for a variable mining mode of a coal mine which can simulate a variety of mining methods and can simulate in three dimensions are provided.

[0007] A similar simulation test device for a variable mining mode of a coal mine, comprising:

[0008] A model frame, wherein the side walls of the model frame are provided with a pull-out hole and a slit hole;

[0009] A pull-out column, wherein the pull-out column is movably arranged on the model frame, and the pull-out column can be extended into or out of the model frame through the pull-out hole;

[0010] A slitting piece, which is movably arranged on the model frame and can extend into or out of the model frame through the slitting hole;

[0011] The slitting hole is located above the pulling hole, and the slitting space formed after the slitting piece is separated from the model frame is communicated with the mining space formed after the pulling column is separated from the model frame.

[0012] The model frame has a first side wall and a second side wall adjacent to each other. The first side wall and the second side wall are both provided with the pulling holes. The pulling columns correspond to the pulling holes one by one.

[0013] The model frame also has a third side wall opposite to the first side wall, and the pull-out column includes a first pull-out column. The first side wall is provided with a first pull-out hole. The first pull-out column is movably arranged at the first pull-out hole, and when the first pull-out column is fully extended into the model frame, the first pull-out column abuts against the third side wall.

[0014] The pull-out column also includes a second pull-out column. A second pull-out hole is provided on the second side wall. The second pull-out column is movably arranged at the second pull-out hole. When the second pull-out column is fully extended into the model frame, the second pull-out column abuts and cooperates with the first pull-out column.

[0015] The model frame also has a third side wall opposite to the first side wall, the number of the second pull-out holes is multiple, and all the second pull-out holes are arranged in parallel along the direction from the first side wall to the third side wall, the second pull-out columns correspond to the second pull-out holes one by one, and each of the second pull-out columns can move independently in the corresponding second pull-out hole.

[0016] The model frame also has a third side wall opposite to the first side wall, the slit hole is located on the first side wall, and when the slit plate is fully extended into the model frame, the slit plate abuts against the third side wall;

[0017] Alternatively, the slit holes are provided on both the first side wall and the third side wall, and when the slit plate is fully extended into the model frame, one end of the slit plate is located at the slit hole on the first side wall, and the other end is located at the slit hole on the third side wall.

[0018] There are two second side walls, the two second side walls are arranged opposite to each other, the first side wall is located between the two second side walls, and each of the second side walls is provided with the second pull-out hole.

[0019] The number of the first pull-out columns is two, and the two first pull-out columns are distributed in parallel between the two second side walls, and the second pull-out columns corresponding to the second side walls are abutted and matched with the adjacent first pull-out columns.

[0020] The model frame includes a plurality of baffles, and all of the baffles are sequentially arranged along the height direction of the model frame to form side walls of the model frame.

[0021] The similar simulation test device of the variable mining mode of the coal mine also includes an optical fiber settlement monitoring device and a user interaction mechanism. The optical fibers of the optical fiber settlement monitoring device are evenly distributed in the model frame, and all the optical fibers are electrically connected to the user interaction mechanism.

[0022] The similar simulation test device of the variable mining mode of the coal mine also includes a ground stress loading structure, which is movably arranged above the model frame, and the ground stress loading structure can simulate the loading of ground stress on the materials laid in the model frame.

[0023] The plane where the slitting piece is located is inclined relative to the horizontal plane.

[0024] The similar simulation test device of the variable mining mode of the coal mine also includes a supporting device, which is movably arranged on the model frame, and the supporting device can be arranged in the space formed after the pulling column is pulled out through the pulling hole.

[0025] A control method for the above-mentioned similar simulation test device of the variable mining mode of a coal mine comprises:

[0026] Step S1, determining a preset working method to be simulated by a similar simulation test device for a variable mining mode of a coal mine;

[0027] Step S2, determining similar materials according to the preset method determined in step S1, and spreading the similar materials in layers within the model framework;

[0028] Step S3, controlling the movement of the pulling column and / or the cutting member according to the preset method determined in step S1 to simulate the mining process, and monitoring the temporal and spatial evolution and migration of the overlying rock strata of the model body within the model frame.

[0029] The preset method includes the 121 method, the model frame has a first side wall and a second side wall adjacent to each other, the first side wall and the second side wall are both provided with the pull-out holes, the pull-out columns correspond to the pull-out holes one by one, and step S3 also includes:

[0030] a1. Pull out the pull-out column corresponding to the first side wall to simulate the formation of a lane;

[0031] a2. After the pulling column corresponding to the first side wall is completely pulled out of the model frame, the pulling column corresponding to the second side wall is pulled out to simulate coal seam mining.

[0032] The pull-out column comprises a first pull-out column and a second pull-out column, a first pull-out hole is provided on the first side wall, the first pull-out column is movably provided at the first pull-out hole, a second pull-out hole is provided on the second side wall, the second pull-out column is movably provided at the second pull-out hole, the number of the second side walls is two, the two second side walls are arranged opposite to each other, the first side wall is located between the two second side walls, the number of the first pull-out columns is two, the two first pull-out columns are distributed in parallel between the two second side walls, and the second pull-out column corresponding to the second side wall is abutted and matched with the adjacent first pull-out column, in step a2, it also includes:

[0033] extracting a second extraction column adjacent to the extracted first extraction column to simulate coal seam mining;

[0034] The tunnel formed in step a1 is subjected to collapse treatment;

[0035] Select another first drawing column and repeat steps a1 and a2.

[0036] The similar simulation test device of the variable mining mode of the coal mine further includes a supporting device, which is movably arranged on the model frame, and the supporting device can be arranged in the space formed after the pulling column is pulled out through the pulling hole. In step a1, it also includes:

[0037] The tunnel is formed by supporting the space formed by the first pulling column pulled out in step a1 using a supporting device.

[0038] The preset method includes method 110, the model frame has a first side wall and a second side wall adjacent to each other, the first side wall and the second side wall are both provided with the pull-out holes, the pull-out columns correspond to the pull-out holes one by one, and step S3 also includes:

[0039] b1. Pull out the pull-out column corresponding to the first side wall to simulate the formation of a lane;

[0040] b2. Pull out the cutting piece to simulate the top cutting blasting;

[0041] b3. After the cutting piece is completely pulled out of the model frame, the pulling column corresponding to the second side wall is pulled out to simulate coal seam mining.

[0042] The pull-out column comprises a first pull-out column and a second pull-out column, a first pull-out hole is provided on the first side wall, the first pull-out column is movably provided at the first pull-out hole, a second pull-out hole is provided on the second side wall, the second pull-out column is movably provided at the second pull-out hole, there are two second side walls, the two second side walls are arranged opposite to each other, the first side wall is located between the two second side walls, and each second side wall is provided with the second pull-out hole, in step b3, it also includes:

[0043] Pull out a second pull-out column corresponding to a second side wall;

[0044] Retain the lanes formed in step b1;

[0045] Pull out the second pull-out column corresponding to the other second side wall.

[0046] The similar simulation test device for the variable mining mode of the coal mine further includes a supporting device, which is movably arranged on the model frame, and the supporting device can be arranged in the space formed after the pulling column is pulled out through the pulling hole. In step b1, it also includes:

[0047] The tunnel is formed by supporting the space formed by the first pulling column being pulled out in step b1 using a supporting device.

[0048] The preset method includes the N00 method, the model frame has a first side wall and a second side wall adjacent to each other, the first side wall and the second side wall are both provided with the pull-out holes, the pull-out columns correspond to the pull-out holes one by one, and step S3 also includes:

[0049] c1. Pull out the pull-out column corresponding to the first side wall by a first preset length;

[0050] c2, pulling out the slitting piece to a first preset length;

[0051] c3, extracting the pulling column corresponding to the second side wall within the first preset length to simulate coal seam mining;

[0052] c4. Repeat steps c1 to c3 until the pull-out column corresponding to the first side wall is completely pulled out of the model frame.

[0053] The pull-out column comprises a first pull-out column and a second pull-out column, a first pull-out hole is provided on the first side wall, the first pull-out column is movably provided at the first pull-out hole, a second pull-out hole is provided on the second side wall, the second pull-out column is movably provided at the second pull-out hole, there are two second side walls, the two second side walls are arranged opposite to each other, the first side wall is located between the two second side walls, and each second side wall is provided with the second pull-out hole, in step c4, it also includes:

[0054] Pull out the second pull-out columns corresponding to the second side walls in sequence;

[0055] Retain the lanes formed in step c1;

[0056] Pull out the second pull-out columns corresponding to the other second side wall in sequence.

[0057] The similar simulation test device for the variable mining mode of the coal mine further includes a supporting device, which is movably arranged on the model frame, and the supporting device can be arranged in the space formed after the pulling column is pulled out through the pulling hole. In step c1, it also includes:

[0058] The tunnel formed in step c1 is supported by a supporting device.

[0059] In step S2, it also includes:

[0060] According to the preset method determined in step S1, a similar material ratio test is performed based on simulated stratum properties, mechanical parameters and similarity criteria to determine the similar material ratio of the simulated coal seam and the simulated rock formation.

[0061] In step S2, it also includes:

[0062] According to the results of the mix test, similar materials are laid in the model frame and compacted;

[0063] Carry out maintenance after each layer is laid.

[0064] The similar simulation test device for the variable mining mode of the coal mine further includes a ground stress loading structure, which is movably arranged above the model frame, and the ground stress loading structure can simulate the loading of ground stress on the materials laid in the model frame, and before step S3, it also includes:

[0065] Based on the similarity theory, the in-situ stress that needs to be compensated is calculated, and the in-situ stress loading structure is used to simulate the loading of in-situ stress on the model within the model framework.

[0066] The similar simulation test device for the variable mining mode of a coal mine provided by the present invention and the control method thereof, by setting the model frame as a rectangular structure and arranging pulling holes and slit holes on the side walls of the model frame, can control the states of the pulling columns and the slit pieces according to the requirements of the specific experiment to adjust the position of the tunnel, thereby simulating the tunnel excavation process, the advancement process of the working face, and the thickness of the coal seam, and achieving the purpose of simulating different working methods. It can not only complete the working methods that can be simulated by the two-dimensional geomechanical model test device in the prior art, but also can use the length and width of the model frame to set pulling columns that are pulled in different directions, thereby simulating the mining conditions of all working faces of the entire piece, overcoming the problem that the existing test device can only simulate the mining conditions of a single strip working face, and can better simulate the spatiotemporal migration of the overlying rock strata after the entire coal seam is completely mined, thereby effectively improving the test effect and test accuracy of the impact on coal mining. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0067] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a similar simulation test device for a variable mining mode of a coal mine provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the model framework provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the baffle and the slit hole provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the initial arrangement of a similar simulation test device for a variable mining mode of a coal mine provided by an embodiment of the present invention when simulating the 121 method;

[0071] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a similar simulation test device for a variable mining mode of a coal mine provided by an embodiment of the present invention during a simulated mining process when simulating the 121 method;

[0072] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the end of the simulated mining when the similar simulation test device of the variable mining mode of the coal mine provided by the embodiment of the present invention simulates the 121 working method;

[0073] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the initial arrangement of a similar simulation test device for a variable mining mode of a coal mine provided by an embodiment of the present invention when simulating the 110 method;

[0074] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a similar simulation test device for a variable mining mode of a coal mine provided by an embodiment of the present invention during a simulated mining process when simulating the 110 method;

[0075] Fig. 9A schematic diagram of the similar simulation test device for the variable mining mode of a coal mine provided by an embodiment of the present invention after the simulated mining is completed when simulating the 110 working method;

[0076] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the initial layout of a similar simulation test device for a variable mining mode of a coal mine provided by an embodiment of the present invention when simulating the N00 method;

[0077] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of a similar simulation test device for a variable mining mode of a coal mine provided by an embodiment of the present invention during a simulated mining process when simulating the N00 method;

[0078] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of a similar simulation test device for a variable mining mode of a coal mine provided in an embodiment of the present invention after the simulated mining is completed when simulating the N00 method;

[0079] In the figure:

[0080] 1. Model frame; 3. Slitting piece; 11. First side wall; 12. Second side wall; 13. Third side wall; 14. Slitting hole; 21. First pull-out column; 15. First pull-out hole; 22. Second pull-out column; 16. Second pull-out hole; 17. Baffle; 4. Optical fiber sedimentation monitoring device; 5. User interaction mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0081] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0082] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0083] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so as to describe the embodiments of the present invention described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0084] It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer" and the like indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0085] In addition, it should be noted that in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "setting", and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or the internal connection of two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0086] This application provides a Figures 1 to 12The similar simulation test device of the variable mining mode of the coal mine shown in the figure comprises: a model frame 1, a pulling hole and a slit hole 14 are arranged on the side wall of the model frame 1; a pulling column, the pulling column is movably arranged on the model frame 1, and the pulling column can extend into or out of the model frame 1 through the pulling hole; a slit piece 3, the slit piece 3 is movably arranged on the model frame 1, and the slit piece 3 can extend into or out of the model frame 1 through the slit hole 14; the slit hole 14 is located above the pulling hole, and the slit space formed after the slit piece 3 is out of the model frame 1 is connected with the mining space formed after the pulling column is out of the model frame 1. By setting the model frame 1 as a rectangular parallelepiped structure and setting the pulling holes and slit holes 14 on the side walls of the model frame 1, the state of the pulling column and the slit member 3 can be controlled according to the requirements of the specific experiment to adjust the position of the tunnel, thereby simulating the tunnel excavation process, the advancement process of the working face, and the thickness of the coal seam, so as to achieve the purpose of simulating different working methods. It can not only complete the working methods that can be simulated by the two-dimensional geomechanical model test device in the prior art, but also use the length and width of the model frame 1 to set the pulling columns pulled in different directions, thereby simulating the mining conditions of all working faces of the entire piece, overcoming the existing test device that can only simulate the mining conditions of a single strip working face, and can better simulate the space-time migration of the overlying rock layer after the entire coal seam is fully mined, thereby effectively improving the test effect and test accuracy of the impact on coal mining. Among them, different materials can be set at different positions in the entire model frame 1 according to the parameters such as the geological distribution to be simulated, so as to achieve the simulation of the geological environment of the entire coal seam, and ensure the authenticity and availability of the experimental effects of similar simulation test devices.

[0087] The model frame 1 has a first side wall 11 and a second side wall 12 adjacent to each other. The first side wall 11 and the second side wall 12 are both provided with the pull-out holes. The pull-out columns correspond to the pull-out holes one by one. Since the model frame 1 is rectangular, the model frame 1 has a certain length and a certain width. Figure 1 As shown, the pulling columns arranged on the first side wall 11 move along the width direction of the model frame 1, and the pulling columns on the second side wall 12 move along the length direction of the model frame 1. At this time, the entire coal seam can be simulated within the model frame 1, and the tunnel mining simulation is carried out by using the pulling columns on the first side wall 11, and the pulling columns on the second side wall 12 can simulate multiple working faces in the entire coal seam separately, thereby overcoming the problem that the existing test device can only simulate the mining situation of a single linear working face, and can better simulate the time and space migration of the overlying rock strata after the entire coal seam is completely mined, thereby effectively improving the test effect and test accuracy of the impact on coal mining.

[0088] As an embodiment, the model frame 1 also has a third side wall 13 opposite to the first side wall 11, and the pulling column includes a first pulling column 21. The first side wall 11 is provided with a first pulling hole 15, and the first pulling column 21 is movably arranged at the first pulling hole 15, and when the first pulling column 21 is fully extended into the model frame 1, the first pulling column 21 abuts and cooperates with the third side wall 13. By abutting and cooperating with the first pulling column 21 and the third side wall 13, the first pulling column 21 can completely penetrate the width of the model frame 1 at this time, so that the formation of the tunnel can be simulated in the width direction of the entire model frame 1, and then it is convenient to simulate the working face formed by the pulling column on the second side wall 12, thereby ensuring the simulation effect of multi-working face mining of the entire coal seam.

[0089] The pulling column also includes a second pulling column 22. The second side wall 12 is provided with a second pulling hole 16. The second pulling column 22 is movably provided at the second pulling hole 16. When the second pulling column 22 is fully extended into the model frame 1, the second pulling column 22 abuts against the first pulling column 21. After the first pulling column 21 is pulled out of the model frame 1, a tunnel can be formed in the model frame 1. At this time, the second pulling column 22 can be operated to simulate the working face mining the coal seam, so as to achieve the purpose of simulating the corresponding working method.

[0090] Since multiple working faces will be mined during the mining of the coal seam, the model frame 1 also has a third side wall 13 opposite to the first side wall 11, the number of the second pulling holes 16 is multiple, and all the second pulling holes 16 are arranged in parallel along the direction from the first side wall 11 to the third side wall 13, the second pulling columns 22 correspond to the second pulling holes 16 one by one, and each of the second pulling columns 22 can move independently in the corresponding second pulling hole 16. The second pulling column 22 of MiG is used to simulate a working face, thereby overcoming the problem that the existing test device can only simulate the mining of a single strip working face, and can better simulate the space-time migration of the overlying rock strata after the entire coal seam is completely mined, thereby effectively improving the test effect and test accuracy of the impact on coal mining.

[0091] The model frame 1 also has a third side wall 13 opposite to the first side wall 11, the slit hole 14 is located on the first side wall 11, and when the slit plate is fully extended into the model frame 1, the slit plate abuts and cooperates with the third side wall 13. Since the first pulling column 21 abuts and cooperates with the third side wall 13, the space formed after the first pulling column 21 is pulled out can extend to the position of the third side wall 13. In order to simulate the coal seam mining process more accurately, it is necessary to enable the slit plate in the model frame 1 to meet the simulated top cutting blasting at any position of the tunnel, thereby ensuring the test effect and test accuracy of the impact on coal mining.

[0092] Alternatively, the slit holes 14 are provided on both the first side wall 11 and the third side wall 13, and when the slit plate is fully extended into the model frame 1, one end of the slit plate is located at the slit hole 14 on the first side wall 11, and the other end is located at the slit hole 14 on the third side wall 13, that is, the slit plate can be pulled out from the first side wall 11 or the third side wall 13, which is convenient for pulling out the slit plate. For example, when a similar simulation test device of a variable mining mode of a coal mine is used to simulate the 110 method, a complete tunnel between the first side wall 11 and the third side wall 13 is formed after the first pulling column 21 is fully pulled out. At this time, the slit plate can be pulled out by the first side wall 11 to simulate the top cutting blasting, or the slit plate can be pulled out by the third side wall 13 to simulate the top cutting blasting, thereby improving the operability of the similar simulation test device of the variable mining mode of a coal mine.

[0093] There are two second side walls 12, and the two second side walls 12 are arranged opposite to each other. The first side wall 11 is located between the two second side walls 12, and each second side wall 12 is provided with a second pulling hole 16. The two second side walls 12 can be used to perform simulated mining on both sides of the tunnel formed by the first pulling column 21, and further simulate coal seam mining. For example, when simulating the 110 method, after the first pulling column 21 is pulled out to form a tunnel, the coal seam on one side of the tunnel is first simulated mined (that is, the second pulling column 22 on one side of the tunnel is pulled out), and then the coal seam on the other side of the tunnel is simulated mined (that is, the second pulling column 22 on the other side of the tunnel is pulled out), thereby effectively improving the simulation effect of the 110 method.

[0094] Since the 121 method needs to retain coal pillars during the mining process, it is necessary to simulate the mining of the coal seam between the two side walls and the coal pillars. For this purpose, the number of the first pull-out columns 21 is two, and the two first pull-out columns 21 are distributed in parallel between the two second side walls 12, and the second pull-out columns 22 corresponding to the second side walls 12 are abutted and matched with the adjacent first pull-out columns 21. After one of the first pull-out columns 21 is pulled out, a first tunnel is formed, and then the second pull-out column 22 on the corresponding side is pulled out based on the first tunnel, so that the mining of the coal seam on this side can be realized, and then the first tunnel collapses, and the other first pull-out column 21 is pulled out to form a second tunnel, and then the second pull-out column 22 on the corresponding side is pulled out based on the second tunnel, so that the mining of the coal seam on the other side can be realized. At this time, the remaining material between the two first pull-out columns 21 simulates the coal pillars retained in the 121 method, thereby realizing the simulation of the 121 method.

[0095] In order to simulate different geological conditions, the model frame 1 includes a plurality of baffles 17, and all of the baffles 17 are sequentially arranged along the height direction of the model frame 1 to form the side walls of the model frame 1. When laying similar materials selected by the preset method in the model frame 1, the materials can be laid in layers starting from the base of the model frame 1 and compacted by rolling. As the laying height increases, the baffles 17 are gradually installed until the filling is completed. The baffles 17 are fixed with angle steels and high-strength bolts, and movable bolt holes are provided on the baffles 17. The installation position of the baffles 17 can be adjusted by adjusting the matching positions of the high-strength bolts and the movable bolt holes. The pull-out holes and the slit holes 14 are both provided on the baffles 17, so that simulations of different mining heights can be achieved according to the position adjustment of the baffles 17. Preferably, the first pull-out hole 15 and the second pull-out hole 16 are formed by two adjacent baffles 17 arranged at intervals, that is, a spacing for pulling out the first pull-out column 21 and the second pull-out column 22 is formed between the two adjacent baffles 17, and then when forming the model frame 1, the first pull-out column 21 and the second pull-out column 22 are used to fill the spacing, thereby ensuring the integrity of the side walls of the model frame 1.

[0096] The similar simulation test device for the variable mining mode of the coal mine also includes an optical fiber settlement monitoring device 4 and a user interaction mechanism 5. The optical fibers of the optical fiber settlement monitoring device 4 are evenly distributed in the model frame 1, and all the optical fibers are electrically connected to the user interaction mechanism 5. The optical fiber settlement monitoring device 4 is used to monitor the spatiotemporal migration of the overlying rock strata (settlement of the rock strata) generated during the simulation process of the similar simulation test device for the variable mining mode of the coal mine, and the monitoring data is returned to the user interaction mechanism 5 in real time, so as to analyze and process the data to obtain the experimental results. The user interaction mechanism 5 can be a computer. The optical fiber of the optical fiber settlement monitoring device 4 is buried in the process of layered paving of similar materials to ensure the working reliability of the optical fiber settlement monitoring device 4.

[0097] The similar simulation test device of the variable mining mode of the coal mine also includes a ground stress loading structure, which is movably arranged above the model frame 1, and the ground stress loading structure can simulate the loading of ground stress on the materials laid in the model frame 1. By simulating the ground stress, the simulation effect of the similar simulation test device of the variable mining mode of the coal mine on the geology can be further improved, the crushing and expansion stability of the model can be accelerated, and the efficiency and simulation effect of the simulation test can be improved. The ground stress loading structure applies pressure on the upper surface of the model, and can stabilize the pressure after the load reaches the set ground stress value, further improving the simulation effect.

[0098] As an implementation mode, the plane where the cutting member 3 is located is inclined relative to the horizontal plane. By the inclined arrangement, the simulation degree of the top cutting blasting is further increased, thereby improving the test effect.

[0099] The similar simulation test device of the variable mining mode of the coal mine also includes a support device, which is movably arranged on the model frame 1, and the support device can be arranged in the space formed after the pulling column is pulled out through the pulling hole. The support device is used for support to simulate the formation of the tunnel, further improving the simulation of the coal seam mining process in reality and improving the simulation effect.

[0100] A control method for the above-mentioned similar simulation test device of the variable mining mode of a coal mine comprises:

[0101] Step S1, determining the preset working methods that need to be simulated by the similar simulation test device of the variable mining mode of the coal mine, wherein the preset working methods include 121 working method, 110 working method and N00 working method;

[0102] Step S2, determining similar materials according to the preset method determined in step S1, and spreading the similar materials in layers within the model frame 1 to form a model body;

[0103] Step S3, controlling the movement of the pulling column and / or the cutting member 3 according to the preset method determined in step S1 to simulate the mining process, and monitoring the temporal and spatial evolution and migration of the overlying rock strata of the model body in the model frame 1.

[0104] like Figures 4 to 6 As shown, the preset method includes the 121 method, the model frame 1 has a first side wall 11 and a second side wall 12 adjacent to each other, the first side wall 11 and the second side wall 12 are both provided with the pulling holes, the pulling columns correspond to the pulling holes one by one, and step S3 also includes:

[0105] a1. Pull out the pull-out column corresponding to the first side wall 11 to simulate the formation of a lane;

[0106] a2. After the pulling column corresponding to the first side wall 11 is completely pulled out of the model frame 1, the pulling column corresponding to the second side wall 12 is pulled out to simulate coal seam mining.

[0107] The pull-out column comprises a first pull-out column 21 and a second pull-out column 22. The first side wall 11 is provided with a first pull-out hole 15. The first pull-out column 21 is movably arranged at the first pull-out hole 15. The second side wall 12 is provided with a second pull-out hole 16. The second pull-out column 22 is movably arranged at the second pull-out hole 16. The number of the second side walls 12 is two. The two second side walls 12 are arranged opposite to each other. The first side wall 11 is located between the two second side walls 12. The number of the first pull-out columns 21 is two. The two first pull-out columns 21 are distributed in parallel between the two second side walls 12. The second pull-out column 22 corresponding to the second side wall 12 abuts and cooperates with the adjacent first pull-out column 21. In step a2, it also includes:

[0108] Extracting a second extraction column 22 adjacent to the extracted first extraction column 21 to simulate coal seam mining;

[0109] The tunnel formed in step a1 is subjected to collapse treatment;

[0110] Select another first drawer column 21 and repeat steps a1 and a2;

[0111] In the above-mentioned simulation process, one of the first pulling columns 21 is pulled out to form a first tunnel, and then the second pulling column 22 on the corresponding side is pulled out based on the first tunnel to realize the mining of the coal seam on this side. Then the first tunnel is collapsed, and the other first pulling column 21 is pulled out to form a second tunnel, and then the second pulling column 22 on the corresponding side is pulled out based on the second tunnel to realize the mining of the coal seam on the other side. At this time, the remaining material between the two first pulling columns 21 simulates the coal pillars retained in the 121 method, thereby realizing the simulation of the 121 method.

[0112] The similar simulation test device of the variable mining mode of the coal mine further includes a supporting device, which is movably arranged on the model frame 1, and the supporting device can be arranged in the space formed after the pulling column is pulled out through the pulling hole. In step a1, it also includes:

[0113] The supporting device is used to support the space from which the first pulling column 21 is pulled out in step a1 to form a tunnel.

[0114] like Figures 7 to 9 As shown, the preset method includes method 110, the model frame 1 has a first side wall 11 and a second side wall 12 adjacent to each other, the first side wall 11 and the second side wall 12 are both provided with the pulling holes, the pulling columns correspond to the pulling holes one by one, and step S3 also includes:

[0115] b1. Pull out the pull-out column corresponding to the first side wall 11 to simulate the formation of a lane;

[0116] b2, extracting the cutting piece 3 to simulate the top cutting blasting;

[0117] b3. After the cutting member 3 is completely pulled out of the model frame 1, the pulling column corresponding to the second side wall 12 is pulled out to simulate coal seam mining.

[0118] The pull-out column comprises a first pull-out column 21 and a second pull-out column 22, a first pull-out hole 15 is provided on the first side wall 11, the first pull-out column 21 is movably provided at the first pull-out hole 15, a second pull-out hole 16 is provided on the second side wall 12, the second pull-out column 22 is movably provided at the second pull-out hole 16, the number of the second side walls 12 is two, the two second side walls 12 are arranged oppositely, the first side wall 11 is located between the two second side walls 12, each of the second side walls 12 is provided with the second pull-out hole 16, and in step b3, it also includes:

[0119] Pull out a second pull-out column 22 corresponding to a second side wall 12;

[0120] Retain the lanes formed in step b1;

[0121] The second pull-out column 22 corresponding to the other second side wall 12 is pulled out.

[0122] In the aforementioned simulation process, after the first pulling column 21 is pulled out to form a tunnel, the coal seam on one side of the tunnel is first simulated mined (that is, the second pulling column 22 on one side of the tunnel is pulled out), and then the coal seam on the other side of the tunnel is simulated mined (that is, the second pulling column 22 on the other side of the tunnel is pulled out), thereby completing the simulation of the 110 method.

[0123] The similar simulation test device of the variable mining mode of the coal mine further includes a supporting device, which is movably arranged on the model frame 1, and the supporting device can be arranged in the space formed after the pulling column is pulled out through the pulling hole. In step b1, it also includes:

[0124] The tunnel is formed by supporting the space formed by the first pulling column 21 in step b1 by using a supporting device. Preferably, the supporting device is an NPR simulation supporting device.

[0125] like Figures 10 to 12 As shown, the preset method includes the N00 method, the model frame 1 has a first side wall 11 and a second side wall 12 adjacent to each other, the first side wall 11 and the second side wall 12 are both provided with the pulling holes, the pulling columns correspond to the pulling holes one by one, and step S3 also includes:

[0126] c1. Pull out the pull-out column corresponding to the first side wall 11 to a first preset length;

[0127] c2, pulling out the slitting member 3 to a first preset length;

[0128] c3, extracting the pulling column corresponding to the second side wall 12 within the first preset length to simulate coal seam mining;

[0129] c4. Repeat steps c1 to c3 until the pull-out column corresponding to the first side wall 11 is completely pulled out of the model frame 1.

[0130] The first preset length is preferably the width of a drawer column on the second side wall 12 . The pull-out column includes a first pull-out column 21 and a second pull-out column 22. A first pull-out hole 15 is provided on the first side wall 11. The first pull-out column 21 is movably provided at the first pull-out hole 15. A second pull-out hole 16 is provided on the second side wall 12. The second pull-out column 22 is movably provided at the second pull-out hole 16. When the first pull-out column 21 is pulled out, the end of the first pull-out column 21 close to the third side wall 13 is first moved to a position flush with the next second pull-out column 22, and then the slitting piece 3 is pulled out and flush with the first pull-out column 21, and then the first second pull-out column 22 is started to be pulled out. When this second pull-out column 22 is completely pulled out, the first pull-out column 21 is moved again to a position flush with the next second pull-out column 22, and then the slitting piece 3 and the second second pull-out column 22 are moved in turn, and the process is repeated until all the second pull-out columns 22 are pulled out to complete the simulation of the N00 method.

[0131] The pull-out column comprises a first pull-out column 21 and a second pull-out column 22, a first pull-out hole 15 is provided on the first side wall 11, the first pull-out column 21 is movably provided at the first pull-out hole 15, a second pull-out hole 16 is provided on the second side wall 12, the second pull-out column 22 is movably provided at the second pull-out hole 16, the number of the second side walls 12 is two, the two second side walls 12 are arranged oppositely, the first side wall 11 is located between the two second side walls 12, each of the second side walls 12 is provided with the second pull-out hole 16, and in step c4, it also includes:

[0132] Pull out the second pull-out column 22 corresponding to the second side wall 12 in sequence;

[0133] Retain the lanes formed in step c1;

[0134] The second pull-out column 22 corresponding to the other second side wall 12 is pulled out in sequence.

[0135] The similar simulation test device of the variable mining mode of the coal mine further includes a supporting device, which is movably arranged on the model frame 1, and the supporting device can be arranged in the space formed after the pulling column is pulled out through the pulling hole. In step c1, it also includes:

[0136] The tunnel formed in step c1 is supported by a supporting device.

[0137] In step S2, it also includes:

[0138] According to the preset method determined in step S1, a similar material ratio test is performed based on simulated stratum properties, mechanical parameters and similarity criteria to determine the similar material ratio of the simulated coal seam and the simulated rock formation.

[0139] In step S2, it also includes:

[0140] According to the results of the mix ratio test, similar materials are laid in the model frame 1 and compacted, that is, similar materials are spread in layers and compacted by rolling until the filling is completed;

[0141] Cure each layer until the model is dry.

[0142] The similar simulation test device for the variable mining mode of the coal mine further includes a ground stress loading structure, which is movably arranged above the model frame 1, and the ground stress loading structure can simulate the ground stress loading of the material laid in the model frame 1, and before step S3, it also includes:

[0143] Based on the similarity theory, the ground stress that needs to be compensated is calculated, and the ground stress loading structure is used to simulate the ground stress loading on the model in the model frame 1.

[0144] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A similar simulation test device for variable mining mode of coal mine, characterized in that: include: A model frame (1), wherein a pull-out hole and a slit hole (14) are provided on a side wall of the model frame (1); A pull-out column, the pull-out column is movably arranged on the model frame (1), and the pull-out column can extend into or out of the model frame (1) through the pull-out hole; A slitting piece (3), the slitting piece (3) being movably arranged on the model frame (1), and the slitting piece (3) being able to extend into or out of the model frame (1) through the slitting hole (14); The slitting hole (14) is located above the pulling hole, and the slitting space formed after the slitting member (3) is separated from the model frame (1) is connected to the mining space formed after the pulling column is separated from the model frame (1).

2. The similarity simulation test device of the variable mining mode of the coal mine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The model frame (1) comprises a first side wall (11) and a second side wall (12) adjacent to each other, the first side wall (11) and the second side wall (12) are both provided with the pull-out holes, and the pull-out columns correspond to the pull-out holes one by one.

3. The similarity simulation test device of the variable mining mode of the coal mine according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The model frame (1) also has a third side wall (13) opposite to the first side wall (11), and the pull-out column includes a first pull-out column (21). The first side wall (11) is provided with a first pull-out hole (15). The first pull-out column (21) is movably arranged at the first pull-out hole (15), and when the first pull-out column (21) is fully extended into the model frame (1), the first pull-out column (21) abuts against the third side wall (13).

4. The similarity simulation test device for variable mining mode of coal mine according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The pull-out column also includes a second pull-out column (22), a second pull-out hole (16) is provided on the second side wall (12), the second pull-out column (22) is movably arranged at the second pull-out hole (16), and when the second pull-out column (22) is fully extended into the model frame (1), the second pull-out column (22) abuts and cooperates with the first pull-out column (21).

5. The similarity simulation test device for variable mining mode of coal mine according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The model frame (1) further comprises a third side wall (13) opposite to the first side wall (11); the number of the second pull-out holes (16) is plural, and all the second pull-out holes (16) are arranged in parallel along the direction from the first side wall (11) to the third side wall (13); the second pull-out columns (22) correspond to the second pull-out holes (16) one by one, and each of the second pull-out columns (22) can move independently in the corresponding second pull-out hole (16).

6. The similarity simulation test device for variable mining mode of coal mine according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The model frame (1) further comprises a third side wall (13) opposite to the first side wall (11), the slit hole (14) is located on the first side wall (11), and when the slit plate is fully extended into the model frame (1), the slit plate abuts against the third side wall (13); Alternatively, the slit holes (14) are both provided on the first side wall (11) and the third side wall (13), and when the slit plate is fully extended into the model frame (1), one end of the slit plate is located at the slit hole (14) on the first side wall (11), and the other end is located at the slit hole (14) on the third side wall (13).

7. The similarity simulation test device for variable mining mode of coal mine according to claim 4 is characterized in that: There are two second side walls (12), the two second side walls (12) are arranged opposite to each other, the first side wall (11) is located between the two second side walls (12), and each of the second side walls (12) is provided with the second pull-out hole (16).

8. The similarity simulation test device for variable mining mode of coal mine according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The number of the first pull-out columns (21) is two, and the two first pull-out columns (21) are distributed in parallel between the two second side walls (12), and the second pull-out column (22) corresponding to the second side wall (12) is in abutment with the adjacent first pull-out column (21).

9. The similarity simulation test device for variable mining mode of coal mine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The model frame (1) comprises a plurality of baffles (17), and all of the baffles (17) are arranged in sequence along the height direction of the model frame (1) to form side walls of the model frame (1).

10. The similarity simulation test device of the variable mining mode of coal mine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The similar simulation test device for the variable mining mode of a coal mine also includes an optical fiber settlement monitoring device (4) and a user interaction mechanism (5), wherein the optical fibers of the optical fiber settlement monitoring device (4) are evenly distributed in the model frame (1), and all the optical fibers are electrically connected to the user interaction mechanism (5).

11. The similarity simulation test device of the variable mining mode of coal mine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The similar simulation test device for the variable mining mode of the coal mine also includes a ground stress loading structure, which is movably arranged above the model frame (1), and the ground stress loading structure can simulate the loading of ground stress on the materials laid in the model frame (1).

12. The similarity simulation test device of the variable mining mode of coal mine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The plane where the slitting member (3) is located is arranged inclined relative to the horizontal plane.

13. The similarity simulation test device of the variable mining mode of coal mine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The similar simulation test device of the variable mining mode of the coal mine also includes a supporting device, which is movably arranged on the model frame (1), and the supporting device can be arranged in the space formed after the pulling column is pulled out through the pulling hole.

14. A control method for a similarity simulation test device for a variable mining mode of a coal mine according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that: include: Step S1, determining a preset working method to be simulated by a similar simulation test device for a variable mining mode of a coal mine; Step S2, determining similar materials according to the preset method determined in step S1, and spreading the similar materials in layers within the model frame (1); Step S3, controlling the movement of the pulling column and / or the cutting member (3) according to the preset method determined in step S1 to simulate the mining process, and monitoring the temporal and spatial evolution and migration of the overlying rock strata of the model body within the model frame (1).

15. The control method according to claim 14, characterized in that: The preset method includes a 121 method, wherein the model frame (1) has a first side wall (11) and a second side wall (12) adjacent to each other, the first side wall (11) and the second side wall (12) are both provided with the pull-out holes, the pull-out columns correspond to the pull-out holes one by one, and step S3 further includes: a1. Pull out the pull-out column corresponding to the first side wall (11) to simulate the formation of a lane; a2. After the pulling column corresponding to the first side wall (11) is completely pulled out of the model frame (1), the pulling column corresponding to the second side wall (12) is pulled out to simulate coal seam mining.

16. The control method according to claim 15, characterized in that: The pull-out column comprises a first pull-out column (21) and a second pull-out column (22); a first pull-out hole (15) is provided on the first side wall (11); the first pull-out column (21) is movably arranged at the first pull-out hole (15); a second pull-out hole (16) is provided on the second side wall (12); the second pull-out column (22) is movably arranged at the second pull-out hole (16); there are two second side walls (12); the two second side walls (12) are arranged opposite to each other; the first side wall (11) is located between the two second side walls (12); there are two first pull-out columns (21); the two first pull-out columns (21) are distributed in parallel between the two second side walls (12); and the second pull-out column (22) corresponding to the second side wall (12) is in abutment with the adjacent first pull-out column (21); in step a2, it also includes: Extracting a second extraction column (22) adjacent to the extracted first extraction column (21) to simulate coal seam mining; The tunnel formed in step a1 is subjected to collapse treatment; Select another first drawing column (21) and repeat steps a1 and a2.

17. The control method according to claim 15, characterized in that: The similar simulation test device for the variable mining mode of a coal mine further comprises a supporting device, which is movably arranged on the model frame (1), and the supporting device can be arranged in the space formed after the pulling column is pulled out through the pulling hole. In step a1, it also comprises: The tunnel is formed by supporting the space formed by the first pulling column (21) being pulled out in step a1 using a supporting device.

18. The control method according to claim 14, characterized in that: The preset method includes method 110, the model frame (1) has a first side wall (11) and a second side wall (12) adjacent to each other, the first side wall (11) and the second side wall (12) are both provided with the pull-out holes, the pull-out columns correspond to the pull-out holes one by one, and step S3 also includes: b1, pulling out the pull-out column corresponding to the first side wall (11) to simulate the formation of a lane; b2, extracting the cutting piece (3) to simulate top cutting blasting; b3. After the cutting member (3) is completely pulled out of the model frame (1), the pulling column corresponding to the second side wall (12) is pulled out to simulate coal seam mining.

19. The control method according to claim 18, characterized in that: The pull-out column comprises a first pull-out column (21) and a second pull-out column (22); a first pull-out hole (15) is provided on the first side wall (11); the first pull-out column (21) is movably provided at the first pull-out hole (15); a second pull-out hole (16) is provided on the second side wall (12); the second pull-out column (22) is movably provided at the second pull-out hole (16); there are two second side walls (12); the two second side walls (12) are arranged opposite to each other; the first side wall (11) is located between the two second side walls (12); each second side wall (12) is provided with the second pull-out hole (16); in step b3, it also includes: Pulling out a second pull-out column (22) corresponding to a second side wall (12); Retain the lane formed in step b1; The second pull-out column (22) corresponding to the other second side wall (12) is pulled out.

20. The control method according to claim 18, characterized in that: The similar simulation test device for the variable mining mode of a coal mine further comprises a supporting device, which is movably arranged on the model frame (1), and the supporting device can be arranged in the space formed after the pulling column is pulled out through the pulling hole. In step b1, it also comprises: The tunnel is formed by supporting the space formed by the first pulling column (21) being pulled out in step b1 using a supporting device.

21. The control method according to claim 14, characterized in that: The preset method includes the N00 method, the model frame (1) has a first side wall (11) and a second side wall (12) adjacent to each other, the first side wall (11) and the second side wall (12) are both provided with the pull-out holes, the pull-out columns correspond to the pull-out holes one by one, and step S3 further includes: c1. Pulling out the pull-out column corresponding to the first side wall (11) to a first preset length; c2, pulling out the slitting member (3) to a first preset length; c3, extracting the pulling column corresponding to the second side wall (12) within the first preset length to simulate coal seam mining; c4. Repeat steps c1 to c3 until the pull-out column corresponding to the first side wall (11) is completely pulled out of the model frame (1).

22. The control method according to claim 21, characterized in that: The pull-out column comprises a first pull-out column (21) and a second pull-out column (22); a first pull-out hole (15) is provided on the first side wall (11); the first pull-out column (21) is movably provided at the first pull-out hole (15); a second pull-out hole (16) is provided on the second side wall (12); the second pull-out column (22) is movably provided at the second pull-out hole (16); there are two second side walls (12); the two second side walls (12) are arranged opposite to each other; the first side wall (11) is located between the two second side walls (12); each second side wall (12) is provided with the second pull-out hole (16); in step c4, it also includes: Sequentially pulling out a second pull-out column (22) corresponding to a second side wall (12); Retain the lanes formed in step c1; The second pull-out columns (22) corresponding to the other second side wall (12) are pulled out in sequence.

23. The control method according to claim 21, characterized in that: The similar simulation test device for the variable mining mode of a coal mine further comprises a supporting device, which is movably arranged on the model frame (1), and the supporting device can be arranged in the space formed after the pulling column is pulled out through the pulling hole. In step c1, it also comprises: The tunnel formed in step c1 is supported by a supporting device.

24. The control method according to claim 14, characterized in that: In step S2, it also includes: According to the preset method determined in step S1, a similar material ratio test is performed based on simulated stratum properties, mechanical parameters and similarity criteria to determine the similar material ratio of the simulated coal seam and the simulated rock formation.

25. The control method according to claim 24, characterized in that: In step S2, it also includes: According to the results of the mix test, similar materials are laid in the model frame and compacted; Carry out maintenance after each layer is laid.

26. The control method according to claim 14, characterized in that: The similar simulation test device for the variable mining mode of a coal mine further comprises a ground stress loading structure, wherein the ground stress loading structure is movably arranged above the model frame (1), and the ground stress loading structure can simulate the loading of ground stress on the material laid in the model frame (1), and before step S3, further comprises: Based on the similarity theory, the in-situ stress that needs to be compensated is calculated, and the in-situ stress loading structure is used to simulate the in-situ stress loading on the model within the model frame (1).

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