Spatial planning three-dimensional visualization method based on geographic information

Abstract

The invention discloses a spatial planning three-dimensional visualization method based on geographic information, which relates to the field of spatial planning and comprises the following steps: acquiring and analyzing remote sensing image data to obtain attribute data and digital elevation data; obtaining and analyzing an actually measured topographic map to obtain vector data; establishing a three-dimensional terrain database by combining the digital elevation data, the vector data and the remote sensing image data; collecting ground building data, generating a building model, and establishing a three-dimensional building model library; acquiring public facility information, and establishing a basic service facility model library; combining the three databases with attribute data to establish a three-dimensional visual GIS database; according to the planning and design scheme, obtaining corresponding three-dimensional visual GIS database data, and establishing a three-dimensional visual area model; a three-dimensional surface dynamic model is generated through a three-dimensional visualization GIS database, and a three-dimensional visual area model is deduced; and based on the deduction result, comparing and optimizing the planning and design scheme.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of space planning, and in particular to a three-dimensional visualization method for space planning based on geographic information. Background Art

[0002] Spatial planning refers to the rational allocation and utilization of land, resources and environment to achieve the goal of sustainable social, economic and environmental development. It involves the design and layout of different functional areas. Three-dimensional visualization is a process of converting complex three-dimensional data into intuitive graphics or images through computer graphics technology. It is based on three-dimensional space and can present geometric information such as the length, width and height of objects. It can also combine visual elements such as color, texture, and lighting to allow users to more realistically perceive and understand the spatial structure and relationship represented by the data.

[0003] Traditional spatial planning mainly relies on two-dimensional drawings and maps to display planning schemes. In urban planning, it is difficult to intuitively understand the height, volume and spatial occlusion relationship of buildings through floor plans alone. For areas with complex terrain and landforms, two-dimensional maps cannot truly show the actual impact of terrain undulations on building layout and traffic routes. Spatial analysis based on two-dimensional data is difficult to fully consider the actual situation in three-dimensional space. Spatial planning involves multiple departments and fields, such as land, transportation, environmental protection, construction, etc. The plans of different departments are often based on their own two-dimensional data and professional perspectives, and conflicts and contradictions are prone to occur during the integration and coordination process. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, a three-dimensional visualization method for spatial planning based on geographic information is provided. This technical solution solves the problems raised in the above background technology that it is difficult to intuitively understand the height and volume of buildings and the spatial occlusion relationship between them, and that the spatial analysis of two-dimensional data is difficult to fully consider the actual situation in three-dimensional space.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A three-dimensional visualization method for spatial planning based on geographic information, comprising:

[0007] Acquire remote sensing image data, process the remote sensing image data, and obtain attribute data and digital elevation data;

[0008] Obtain measured topographic maps and analyze them to obtain vector data;

[0009] Combine digital elevation data, vector data and remote sensing image data to establish a three-dimensional terrain database;

[0010] Collect real data of ground buildings, generate real 3D models of buildings, and establish a 3D building model library;

[0011] Obtain geographic information on public service facilities, conduct field surveys of public service facilities, and establish a model library for basic service facilities;

[0012] Combine the data and attribute data in the 3D terrain database, 3D building model library and basic service facility model library to establish a 3D visual GIS database;

[0013] Generate 3D surface dynamic model based on 3D visualization GIS database;

[0014] Obtain planning and design solutions, use two-dimensional and three-dimensional hybrid spatial data query to obtain the three-dimensional visualization GIS database data corresponding to the planning and design solutions;

[0015] Based on the 3D visualization GIS database data corresponding to the planning and design scheme, a 3D visual area model is established according to the planning and design scheme;

[0016] According to the 3D surface dynamic model, the 3D visible area model is deduced;

[0017] Based on the simulation results, the planning and design schemes are compared and optimized to realize the interactive operation of the three-dimensional model.

[0018] Preferably, the remote sensing image data is processed to obtain attribute data and digital elevation data, specifically including:

[0019] Obtain the source of remote sensing image data and analyze the imaging geometry principles of each remote sensing image;

[0020] Determine ground control points based on the imaging geometry principle of remote sensing images;

[0021] Obtain the position information of the ground control point, and establish a plane rectangular coordinate system with the ground control point as the origin, which is recorded as the first coordinate system;

[0022] Analyze remote sensing image data, obtain digital elevation data, generate elevation models, and establish a digital elevation model database;

[0023] According to digital elevation data and ground control points, the remote sensing image is geometrically corrected to generate a corrected image;

[0024] Based on the digital elevation model database, determine the position information of each pixel in the corrected image on the horizontal plane and generate an orthophoto;

[0025] According to the position information of the orthophoto and the ground control points, the coordinates of various objects in the orthophoto in the first coordinate system are obtained to establish an image database;

[0026] Based on the image database, the attribute data of each object is obtained, and the attribute data includes land use type, distribution range of vegetation, geometric attributes of buildings and appearance attributes of transportation facilities.

[0027] Preferably, the analyzing the measured topographic map to obtain vector data specifically includes:

[0028] Convert the measured topographic map into a digital image through a scanner;

[0029] Analyze digital images and obtain the gray level of each pixel in the digital image;

[0030] Analyze the gray level of each pixel in the digital image and establish a gray histogram with the gray level as the horizontal axis and the number of pixels at each gray level as the vertical axis;

[0031] Analyze the grayscale histogram to obtain the peak and valley values ​​of the grayscale value distribution, and take the valley value between the two grayscale distribution peaks as the threshold, which is recorded as the grayscale threshold;

[0032] Extract regional line feature information in digital images based on grayscale threshold;

[0033] Based on the feature information, the position information of the lines of each feature area in the digital image in the first coordinate system is obtained, the lines of each feature area in the digital image are converted into vector data, and a vector database is established.

[0034] Preferably, the establishing of a three-dimensional terrain database specifically includes:

[0035] According to the measured topographic map, a digital model is established with the ground control points as reference points;

[0036] Analyze the coordinates of various objects in the orthophoto in the first coordinate system, perform texture mapping on the digital model, and generate a plane digital model;

[0037] Based on orthophotos, analyze digital elevation data, combine digital elevation data with plane digital models, and generate digital surface models;

[0038] Based on the line feature information, the digital surface model is vector-superimposed through the information in the vector database to generate a three-dimensional terrain model map;

[0039] According to the three-dimensional terrain model map, three-dimensional terrain data is obtained and a three-dimensional terrain database is established.

[0040] Preferably, the real data collection of ground buildings and landscapes to generate real three-dimensional models of buildings specifically includes:

[0041] Use laser scanners to detect buildings and obtain location information of each edge of the building;

[0042] Based on GPS technology, geodetic control points are obtained, and a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system with the geodetic control points as the coordinate origin is established, which is recorded as the second coordinate system;

[0043] According to the position information of each edge of the building, obtaining the coordinate information of each edge of the building in the second coordinate system;

[0044] Based on the coordinate information of each edge of the building, the area enclosed by the adjacent edges is defined as the building surface, and the coordinate information of the building surface is obtained;

[0045] According to the coordinate information of the building surface, a real model of the building is generated and a three-dimensional building model library is constructed.

[0046] Preferably, generating a three-dimensional surface dynamic model based on a three-dimensional visualization GIS database specifically includes:

[0047] Obtain spatial geographic information based on 3D visualization GIS database;

[0048] According to the spatial geographic information, the spatial center point is obtained, and a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system is established with the spatial center point as the origin, which is recorded as the third coordinate system;

[0049] Based on the third coordinate system, the position information in the first coordinate system and the second coordinate system is transformed to obtain the position information of each object in the third coordinate system;

[0050] Generate a spatial geographic information model based on the location information of various objects in the third coordinate system;

[0051] Obtain historical environmental information, and obtain terrain surface dynamic information and ground object surface dynamic information based on the historical environmental information;

[0052] Based on the dynamic information of terrain surface, terrain texture data and land use change data in different seasons are obtained;

[0053] Based on the dynamic information of the ground surface, obtain the time data of sunlight and weather data;

[0054] According to the terrain texture data, land use change data, sunlight time data and weather data of different seasons, the degree of change of spatial geographic information over time is simulated;

[0055] Based on the degree of change of spatial geographic information over time, the time variable is superimposed on the spatial geographic information model to establish a three-dimensional surface dynamic model;

[0056] Based on the three-dimensional surface dynamic model, geographic information prediction is realized.

[0057] Preferably, the prediction of geographic information based on the three-dimensional surface dynamic model specifically includes:

[0058] Based on the 3D surface dynamic model, the independent ground object models in the 3D building model library and the basic service facility model library are generated through modeling software;

[0059] According to the location information of each feature in the third coordinate system, the three-dimensional terrain database is used as a framework to arrange and layout each independent feature model to generate a disassembled planning model;

[0060] Based on the attribute data, information annotation is performed on each independent feature model;

[0061] Combine the attribute data of each independent object model to refine the surface of the three-dimensional surface dynamic model;

[0062] Obtain planning requirements, reorganize the independent models in the three-dimensional surface dynamic model according to the planning requirements, and generate an optimized three-dimensional surface dynamic model;

[0063] According to the degree of change of spatial geographic information over time, the optimized three-dimensional surface dynamic model is deduced to generate planning and development forecast results.

[0064] Preferably, the three-dimensional visualization GIS database data corresponding to the planning and design scheme is used to establish a three-dimensional visualization model according to the planning and design scheme, which specifically includes:

[0065] Obtain geographic information of the planning area according to the planning and design plan;

[0066] According to the geographic information of the planning area, the attribute information of each feature in the planning area is obtained, which is recorded as the attribute information of the feature to be planned, wherein the attribute information of the feature to be planned includes the geometric information of the feature to be planned, the surrounding environment information and the characteristic attribute information;

[0067] Analyze the geometric information and surrounding environment information of the planned object to obtain the position information of the planned object in the third coordinate system;

[0068] Based on the characteristic attribute information of each independent feature model, the social environment information and geometric information of the feature to be planned are analyzed to determine the model of the feature to be planned;

[0069] According to the planning and design plan, the models of the features to be planned are combined to generate a three-dimensional visible area model.

[0070] Preferably, the deducing of the three-dimensional visualization model according to the three-dimensional surface dynamic model specifically includes:

[0071] Based on the three-dimensional surface dynamic model and the planning and design scheme, the social environment prediction information of each planned land feature is obtained;

[0072] Analyze the social environment prediction information of each planned land feature to obtain the factors that affect each planned land feature in realizing its social function, which are recorded as interference factors;

[0073] According to the characteristic attribute information of each model of the planned land object, the influence of each planned land object in realizing social functions is obtained and recorded as the influence factor;

[0074] Determine whether the interference factors and influencing factors of adjacent planned features overlap. If so, the feature arrangement of the planning and design scheme is unreasonable. If not, the feature arrangement of the planning and design scheme is reasonable, and generate the deduction result.

[0075] Preferably, comparing and optimizing the planning and design schemes based on the deduction results specifically includes:

[0076] According to the reasonable planning and design scheme of deduced land features, the utilization efficiency of resources of various land features combinations in the reasonable planning and design scheme is obtained;

[0077] Compare the resource utilization efficiency of each planning and design scheme, rank the resource utilization efficiency from high to low, and establish a planning and design resource efficiency table;

[0078] Based on the three-dimensional surface dynamic model, the impact of the planning and design scheme on the natural environment is predicted according to the design scheme in the planning and design resource efficiency table;

[0079] Analyze the impact of planning and design schemes on the natural environment and the predicted results, combine resource utilization efficiency, and generate the optimal planning and prediction scheme.

[0080] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0081] The present invention proposes a spatial planning three-dimensional visualization method based on geographic information. Based on the geographic information, a three-dimensional terrain database, a three-dimensional building model library and a basic service facility model library are constructed, and the attribute information of the land object is obtained. The data in the three-dimensional terrain database, the three-dimensional building model library and the basic service facility model library are combined with the attribute data to establish a three-dimensional visualization GIS database, generate a three-dimensional surface dynamic model, obtain the three-dimensional visualization GIS database data corresponding to the planning and design scheme through a two-dimensional and three-dimensional hybrid spatial data query method, obtain the three-dimensional visual area model, deduce the three-dimensional visual area model according to the three-dimensional surface dynamic model data, optimize the planning and design scheme, in this way, the two-dimensional planning and design scheme is described by the three-dimensional model, and the geographic information after the implementation of the planning model is deduced and predicted, which solves the problem that the two-dimensional map cannot truly show the actual impact of the undulating changes of the terrain on the building layout and the traffic route, helps all parties to better understand the planning intention when discussing the planning scheme, and makes the geographical environment impact brought by the implementation of each planning scheme clearer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0082] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the three-dimensional visualization method for space planning proposed by the present invention;

[0083] Figure 2 A flowchart of the steps of obtaining attribute data and digital elevation data in the present invention;

[0084] Figure 3 A flowchart of the steps of obtaining vector data in the present invention;

[0085] Figure 4 A flow chart of the steps of establishing a three-dimensional terrain database in the present invention;

[0086] Figure 5 A flowchart of the steps of generating a real three-dimensional model of a building in the present invention;

[0087] Figure 6 A flowchart of the steps of generating a three-dimensional surface dynamic model in the present invention;

[0088] Figure 7 A flowchart of the steps for implementing geographic information prediction in the present invention;

[0089] Figure 8 This is a flowchart of the steps of establishing a three-dimensional visualization model according to the planning and design scheme in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0090] The following description is used to disclose the present invention so that those skilled in the art can implement the present invention. The preferred embodiments described below are only examples, and those skilled in the art may think of other obvious variations.

[0091] Reference Figure 1 As shown, a spatial planning three-dimensional visualization method based on geographic information includes:

[0092] Acquire remote sensing image data, process the remote sensing image data, and obtain attribute data and digital elevation data;

[0093] Obtain measured topographic maps and analyze them to obtain vector data;

[0094] Combine digital elevation data, vector data and remote sensing image data to establish a three-dimensional terrain database;

[0095] Collect real data of ground buildings, generate real 3D models of buildings, and establish a 3D building model library;

[0096] Obtain geographic information on public service facilities, conduct field surveys of public service facilities, and establish a model library for basic service facilities;

[0097] Combine the data and attribute data in the 3D terrain database, 3D building model library and basic service facility model library to establish a 3D visual GIS database;

[0098] Generate 3D surface dynamic model based on 3D visualization GIS database;

[0099] Obtain planning and design solutions, use two-dimensional and three-dimensional hybrid spatial data query to obtain the three-dimensional visualization GIS database data corresponding to the planning and design solutions;

[0100] Based on the 3D visualization GIS database data corresponding to the planning and design scheme, a 3D visual area model is established according to the planning and design scheme;

[0101] According to the 3D surface dynamic model, the 3D visible area model is deduced;

[0102] Based on the simulation results, the planning and design schemes are compared and optimized to realize the interactive operation of the three-dimensional model.

[0103] This scheme is based on remote sensing image data, obtains attribute data and digital elevation, obtains and analyzes measured topographic maps, obtains vector data, combines attribute data, digital elevation and vector data, establishes a three-dimensional terrain database, collects real data of ground buildings, generates real models of buildings, establishes a three-dimensional building model library, obtains geographic information of public service facilities, establishes a basic service facility model library, combines the data in the three-dimensional terrain database, the three-dimensional building model library and the basic service facility model library with the attribute data, establishes a three-dimensional visualization GIS database, generates a three-dimensional surface dynamic model, combines the planning scheme with the three-dimensional visualization GIS database, establishes a three-dimensional visible area model, deduces the three-dimensional visible area model according to the three-dimensional surface dynamic model, converts the two-dimensional planning scheme into a three-dimensional model, makes the planning scheme easier to understand, and deduces the planning scheme by combining the three-dimensional surface dynamic model with the three-dimensional visible area model, so as to predict the impact of the planning scheme on each region after its implementation, which is conducive to timely optimization of the planning scheme and reducing the degree of disagreement of the parties with the planning scheme.

[0104] Reference Figure 2 As shown, the remote sensing image data is processed to obtain attribute data and digital elevation data, which specifically includes:

[0105] Obtain the source of remote sensing image data and analyze the imaging geometry principles of each remote sensing image;

[0106] Determine ground control points based on the imaging geometry principle of remote sensing images;

[0107] Obtain the position information of the ground control point, and establish a plane rectangular coordinate system with the ground control point as the origin, which is recorded as the first coordinate system;

[0108] Analyze remote sensing image data, obtain digital elevation data, generate elevation models, and establish a digital elevation model database;

[0109] According to digital elevation data and ground control points, the remote sensing image is geometrically corrected to generate a corrected image;

[0110] Based on the digital elevation model database, determine the position information of each pixel in the corrected image on the horizontal plane and generate an orthophoto;

[0111] According to the position information of the orthophoto and the ground control points, the coordinates of various objects in the orthophoto in the first coordinate system are obtained to establish an image database;

[0112] Based on the image database, the attribute data of each object is obtained, and the attribute data includes land use type, distribution range of vegetation, geometric attributes of buildings and appearance attributes of transportation facilities.

[0113] It is understandable that the sources of remote sensing image data are mainly radar satellite images, aerial images and ground images. The imaging principles of different remote sensing image sources are different. The imaging principles of remote sensing images can be roughly divided into two types, one is the parallel projection principle, such as satellite radar, and the other is the central projection principle, such as aerial photography. Satellite radar emits laser beams to the target. The emitted laser beams can be regarded as mutually parallel rays irradiating the ground, and then reflected back and received. By measuring the time from the emission to the return of the laser, combined with the speed of light, the distance between the target object and the sensor can be calculated to determine the location information of the object. In aerial photography, all light starts from the center of the camera lens. The light reflected or emitted by the object is projected onto the imaging plane through this center to obtain aerial pictures, analyze the aerial pictures, and combine the shooting time, camera parameters and weather conditions to image data. The data is processed to obtain remote sensing image data. According to different remote sensing images, the selection of ground control points is also different. Pixels are the embodiment of information of a certain area of ​​the ground on the remote sensing image, which corresponds to the actual area range of the ground. The position information of the pixels contains the position information of various objects in the area. The orthophoto is corrected to eliminate the image deformation caused by factors such as terrain undulation and camera tilt, so that the plane position of the objects in the image is accurate, and the acquired attribute data will be more accurate in terms of position-related attributes. By using the orthophoto and the position information contained in the ground control points, the coordinate data of each object in the orthophoto in the corresponding coordinate system is extracted through accurate spatial coordinate solution methods. After strict quality inspection, sorting and classification of these data, an image database is established according to specific data storage architecture and management rules.

[0114] Reference Figure 3As shown, the analysis of the measured topographic map to obtain vector data specifically includes:

[0115] Convert the measured topographic map into a digital image through a scanner;

[0116] Analyze digital images and obtain the gray level of each pixel in the digital image;

[0117] Analyze the gray level of each pixel in the digital image and establish a gray histogram with the gray level as the horizontal axis and the number of pixels at each gray level as the vertical axis;

[0118] Analyze the grayscale histogram to obtain the peak and valley values ​​of the grayscale value distribution, and take the valley value between the two grayscale distribution peaks as the threshold, which is recorded as the grayscale threshold;

[0119] Extract regional line feature information in digital images based on grayscale threshold;

[0120] Based on the feature information, the position information of the lines of each feature area in the digital image in the first coordinate system is obtained, the lines of each feature area in the digital image are converted into vector data, and a vector database is established.

[0121] It is understandable that when a scanner scans a paper topographic map, light shines on the contour lines, landform symbols and other parts of the topographic map. The light reflected by these parts is received by the sensor and converted into electrical signals. The intensity of the electrical signal is related to the intensity of the reflected light, so that different grayscales on the topographic map can be distinguished. After the measured topographic map is converted into a digital image, each pixel of the digital image has only one brightness value, and different grayscale levels are usually represented by 0 to 255, where 0 represents black and 255 represents white. This can well preserve the lines, symbols and other information on the topographic map, perform statistical analysis on the pixels of the digital image, and establish a grayscale histogram. The grayscale histogram is used to show the frequency of occurrence of each grayscale level in the digital image. Based on the grayscale histogram, Determine the grayscale threshold. The grayscale threshold is a specific grayscale value used to classify the pixels in the image into different categories. Because different objects have obvious differences in grayscale, the grayscale values ​​of the pixels in the digital image are compared with the grayscale threshold. According to the comparison results, the pixels with the same grayscale value are connected to form a closed interval. The digital image is divided into regions according to the closed intervals. The lines used to divide the object regions are called object region lines. By marking the pixels of the object region lines, the length of the lines can be calculated. By analyzing the gradient direction of the line pixels, the direction information of the object region lines can be obtained. By analyzing the length information and position information of the object region lines, the position information of the objects in the digital image can be extracted.

[0122] Reference Figure 4 As shown, the establishment of a three-dimensional terrain database specifically includes:

[0123] According to the measured topographic map, a digital model is established with the ground control points as reference points;

[0124] Analyze the coordinates of various objects in the orthophoto in the first coordinate system, perform texture mapping on the digital model, and generate a plane digital model;

[0125] Based on orthophotos, analyze digital elevation data, combine digital elevation data with plane digital models, and generate digital surface models;

[0126] Based on the line feature information, the digital surface model is vector-superimposed through the information in the vector database to generate a three-dimensional terrain model map;

[0127] According to the three-dimensional terrain model map, three-dimensional terrain data is obtained and a three-dimensional terrain database is established.

[0128] It is understandable that orthophotos can accurately reflect the location information of objects and have a high degree of match with the actual geographic spatial position. Therefore, the plane model established based on orthophotos can fully reflect the characteristics of various objects on the plane. Digital elevation data is a digital form of the altitude or relative height of each point on the ground, which can accurately describe the ups and downs of the terrain. In the same geographic coordinate system, the skeleton of the three-dimensional terrain is constructed based on digital elevation data, and a continuous terrain surface is generated through interpolation and other methods. Then the orthophoto is attached to the terrain surface like a texture to give it a real surface appearance. At the same time, the vector data is superimposed on the three-dimensional terrain according to its spatial position to generate a three-dimensional terrain model map. The three-dimensional terrain map is processed using professional geographic information technology means to integrate the terrain information. After careful sorting, classification and calibration, these data are used to establish a three-dimensional terrain database based on specific data structures and storage rules to provide accurate and rich data support for subsequent terrain analysis, simulation, planning and other related applications.

[0129] Reference Figure 5 As shown, the real data collection of ground buildings and landscapes to generate a real three-dimensional model of the building specifically includes:

[0130] Use laser scanners to detect buildings and obtain location information of each edge of the building;

[0131] Based on GPS technology, geodetic control points are obtained, and a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system with the geodetic control points as the coordinate origin is established, which is recorded as the second coordinate system;

[0132] According to the position information of each edge of the building, obtaining the coordinate information of each edge of the building in the second coordinate system;

[0133] Based on the coordinate information of each edge of the building, the area enclosed by the adjacent edges is defined as the building surface, and the coordinate information of the building surface is obtained;

[0134] According to the coordinate information of the building surface, a real model of the building is generated and a three-dimensional building model library is constructed.

[0135] It can be understood that the geodetic control point is a ground fixed point with precise longitude, latitude and elevation information. The coordinate system established based on the geodetic control point has clear geographical location characteristics. According to the clear geographical location characteristics, coordinate conversion can be performed efficiently. Before the laser scanner works, it is necessary to survey the building site to determine the best scanning position and scanning route to ensure that all parts of the building can be fully covered while avoiding the influence of obstacles on the scanning. The scanner emits a laser beam to the building at the best scanning position. When the laser beam hits the surface of the building, it will be reflected back. The scanner records the time when the laser beam leaves and returns, and calculates the distance between the scanner and the object based on this. At the same time, the scanner also records the angle information of the laser beam. By constantly changing the direction of the laser beam, the three-dimensional coordinate information of each point on the surface of the building is obtained, the position information of each edge of the building is determined, and the coordinate data of these position information is converted into geometric shapes with spatial dimensions. According to the actual appearance characteristics of the building, a real model including walls, roofs, doors and windows and other parts is gradually constructed, and then many different three-dimensional building models are integrated and stored according to unified standards to build a three-dimensional building model library that can be used for architectural design analysis, urban planning display, space roaming and other purposes.

[0136] Reference Figure 6 As shown, the generation of a three-dimensional surface dynamic model based on a three-dimensional visualization GIS database specifically includes:

[0137] Obtain spatial geographic information based on 3D visualization GIS database;

[0138] According to the spatial geographic information, the spatial center point is obtained, and a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system is established with the spatial center point as the origin, which is recorded as the third coordinate system;

[0139] Based on the third coordinate system, the position information in the first coordinate system and the second coordinate system is transformed to obtain the position information of each object in the third coordinate system;

[0140] Generate a spatial geographic information model based on the location information of various objects in the third coordinate system;

[0141] Obtain historical environmental information, and obtain terrain surface dynamic information and ground object surface dynamic information based on the historical environmental information;

[0142] Based on the dynamic information of terrain surface, terrain texture data and land use change data in different seasons are obtained;

[0143] Based on the dynamic information of the ground surface, obtain the time data of sunlight and weather data;

[0144] According to the terrain texture data, land use change data, sunlight time data and weather data of different seasons, the degree of change of spatial geographic information over time is simulated;

[0145] Based on the degree of change of spatial geographic information over time, the time variable is superimposed on the spatial geographic information model to establish a three-dimensional surface dynamic model;

[0146] Based on the three-dimensional surface dynamic model, geographic information prediction is realized.

[0147] It can be understood that converting the position information in the first coordinate system and the second coordinate system into the position information in the third coordinate system facilitates the realization of spatial data analysis. Based on the modeling software, a spatial geographic information analysis model is generated. According to the historical data information and the three-dimensional visualization GIS database information, the impact of time changes on the surface information is analyzed, including the vegetation coverage, land type, the impact of production capacity buildings on the environment, and the impact of climate change on buildings and terrain. According to the degree of impact, a time variable is added to the spatial geographic information model, and a three-dimensional surface dynamic model is established to display the changes in spatial geographic information affected by time, so that users can easily observe the impact of time on geographic information.

[0148] Reference Figure 7 As shown, the method of realizing geographic information prediction based on the three-dimensional surface dynamic model specifically includes:

[0149] Based on the 3D surface dynamic model, the independent ground object models in the 3D building model library and the basic service facility model library are generated through modeling software;

[0150] According to the location information of each feature in the third coordinate system, the three-dimensional terrain database is used as a framework to arrange and layout each independent feature model to generate a disassembled planning model;

[0151] Based on the attribute data, information annotation is performed on each independent feature model;

[0152] Combine the attribute data of each independent object model to refine the surface of the three-dimensional surface dynamic model;

[0153] Obtain planning requirements, reorganize the independent models in the three-dimensional surface dynamic model according to the planning requirements, and generate an optimized three-dimensional surface dynamic model;

[0154] According to the degree of change of spatial geographic information over time, the optimized three-dimensional surface dynamic model is deduced to generate planning and development forecast results.

[0155] It can be understood that, based on the three-dimensional visualization GIS database, the specific parameters of each independent feature model that constitutes the three-dimensional surface dynamic model can be clearly defined. By inputting the specific parameters through the modeling software, independent building models and basic service facility models can be generated. In the modeling software, these independent models can be combined and matched at will, and the feature models can be freely placed under the terrain constraints to construct a new regional model. According to the three-dimensional visualization GIS database information, the key variables that affect the change of geographic information are determined, and the characteristic information of the key variables is extracted. According to physical principles, mathematical formulas and key variables, the three-dimensional surface dynamic model is refined and the influencing parameters of the three-dimensional surface dynamic model are increased. When it is necessary to predict geographic information, it is only necessary to change the influencing parameters of the three-dimensional surface dynamic model and adjust the time variables. The three-dimensional surface dynamic model will superimpose environmental variables on the new regional model, deduce the degree of influence of the new regional model over time, and generate deduction results.

[0156] Reference Figure 8 As shown, the three-dimensional visualization GIS database data corresponding to the planning and design scheme and establishing a three-dimensional visualization model according to the planning and design scheme specifically include:

[0157] Obtain geographic information of the planning area according to the planning and design plan;

[0158] According to the geographic information of the planning area, the attribute information of each feature in the planning area is obtained, which is recorded as the attribute information of the feature to be planned, wherein the attribute information of the feature to be planned includes the geometric information of the feature to be planned, the surrounding environment information and the characteristic attribute information;

[0159] Analyze the geometric information and surrounding environment information of the planned object to obtain the position information of the planned object in the third coordinate system;

[0160] Based on the characteristic attribute information of each independent feature model, the social environment information and geometric information of the feature to be planned are analyzed to determine the model of the feature to be planned;

[0161] According to the planning and design plan, the models of the features to be planned are combined to generate a three-dimensional visible area model.

[0162] It is understandable that the buildings used in the planning and design scheme are generally conventional buildings, which can be obtained by analyzing the existing models, finding similar land object models, and adjusting the attribute information parameters of the similar land object models. By using mathematical optimization algorithms to adjust the structure of the geometric model, some parts of the existing model are added, deleted or modified according to the needs of the land object model to be planned, and then the three-dimensional visible area model structure is generated according to the characteristic information and mutual relationship of each land object to be planned in the three-dimensional visible area model. This method can reduce the time required for modeling and improve the efficiency of analyzing planning and design schemes.

[0163] Furthermore, according to the three-dimensional surface dynamic model, the three-dimensional visualization model is deduced specifically including:

[0164] Based on the three-dimensional surface dynamic model and the planning and design scheme, the social environment prediction information of each planned land feature is obtained;

[0165] Analyze the social environment prediction information of each planned land feature to obtain the factors that affect each planned land feature in realizing its social function, which are recorded as interference factors;

[0166] According to the characteristic attribute information of each model of the planned land object, the influence of each planned land object in realizing social functions is obtained and recorded as the influence factor;

[0167] Determine whether the interference factors and influencing factors of adjacent planned features overlap. If so, the feature arrangement of the planning and design scheme is unreasonable. If not, the feature arrangement of the planning and design scheme is reasonable, and generate the deduction result.

[0168] It is understandable that different landforms will inevitably affect the surrounding environment when realizing their own social functions, and will also be affected by the surrounding environment. Take schools as an example. During school hours, a large number of students and parents' vehicles travel together, which will cause traffic congestion around the school. The school's breaks and physical education classes will generate more noise, which will affect the surrounding environment, but at the same time it will be disturbed by traffic, noise and the natural environment. If the school is located next to a main traffic artery, vehicles travel at high speeds and with large traffic volumes, it will pose a hidden danger to students' travel safety. If the school is surrounded by noisy commercial areas, factory areas or transportation hubs, continuous noise may interfere with the school's normal teaching activities. If the school is located in an area with severe air pollution, it may harm the health of teachers and students and affect the teaching experience. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the degree to which local features affect the environment and the degree to which they are affected by the environment.

[0169] Furthermore, based on the simulation results, the planning and design schemes are compared and optimized, including:

[0170] According to the reasonable planning and design scheme of deduced land features, the utilization efficiency of resources of various land features combinations in the reasonable planning and design scheme is obtained;

[0171] Compare the resource utilization efficiency of each planning and design scheme, rank the resource utilization efficiency from high to low, and establish a planning and design resource efficiency table;

[0172] Based on the three-dimensional surface dynamic model, the impact of the planning and design scheme on the natural environment is predicted according to the design scheme in the planning and design resource efficiency table;

[0173] Analyze the impact of planning and design schemes on the natural environment and the predicted results, combine resource utilization efficiency, and generate the optimal planning and prediction scheme.

[0174] It is understandable that planning and design is a task that requires cooperation from multiple parties. Therefore, each party has different focuses on the design of the planning scheme. Some focus on protecting the environment, while others focus on improving economic efficiency. All parties involved will propose a planning scheme, and based on the three-dimensional surface dynamic model, predict the plans of each party, comprehensively consider various factors, and obtain the optimal planning prediction scheme, so that all parties can reach a consensus and implement the final plan. During the planning implementation process, it is necessary to supervise the implementation process, follow up the planning results in real time, compare the real-time situation of the plan with the predicted situation, and optimize the three-dimensional surface dynamic model.

[0175] In summary, the advantages of the present invention are: this solution is based on geographic information, obtains terrain and land object information, establishes a three-dimensional visualization GIS database, generates a three-dimensional surface dynamic model, independently models each land object according to the database information, and annotates the model with information. The planning and design solution can establish a three-dimensional visible area model through the three-dimensional visualization GIS database, and the three-dimensional visible area model can be deduced and predicted based on the three-dimensional surface dynamic model. The planning and design solution can be optimized according to the prediction results, making the planning and design solution easier to understand, making the planning and design process more concise, and facilitating all parties to reach a consensus on planning and design.

[0176] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions only describe the principles of the present invention. The present invention may be subject to various changes and improvements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. These changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional visualization method for spatial planning based on geographic information, characterized in that: include: Acquire remote sensing image data, process the remote sensing image data, and obtain attribute data and digital elevation data; Obtain measured topographic maps and analyze them to obtain vector data; Combine digital elevation data, vector data and remote sensing image data to establish a three-dimensional terrain database; Collect real data of ground buildings, generate real 3D models of buildings, and establish a 3D building model library; Obtain geographic information on public service facilities, conduct field surveys of public service facilities, and establish a model library for basic service facilities; Combine the data and attribute data in the 3D terrain database, 3D building model library and basic service facility model library to establish a 3D visual GIS database; Generate 3D surface dynamic model based on 3D visualization GIS database; Obtain planning and design solutions, use two-dimensional and three-dimensional hybrid spatial data query to obtain the three-dimensional visualization GIS database data corresponding to the planning and design solutions; Based on the 3D visualization GIS database data corresponding to the planning and design scheme, a 3D visual area model is established according to the planning and design scheme; According to the 3D surface dynamic model, the 3D visible area model is deduced; Based on the simulation results, the planning and design schemes are compared and optimized to achieve interactive operation of the three-dimensional model.

2. The method for three-dimensional visualization of spatial planning based on geographic information according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processing of remote sensing image data to obtain attribute data and digital elevation data specifically includes: Obtain the source of remote sensing image data and analyze the imaging geometry principles of each remote sensing image; Determine ground control points based on the imaging geometry principle of remote sensing images; Obtain the position information of the ground control point, and establish a plane rectangular coordinate system with the ground control point as the origin, which is recorded as the first coordinate system; Analyze remote sensing image data, obtain digital elevation data, generate elevation models, and establish digital elevation model database; According to digital elevation data and ground control points, the remote sensing image is geometrically corrected to generate a corrected image; Based on the digital elevation model database, determine the position information of each pixel in the corrected image on the horizontal plane and generate an orthophoto; According to the position information of the orthophoto and the ground control points, the coordinates of various objects in the orthophoto in the first coordinate system are obtained to establish an image database; Based on the image database, the attribute data of each object is obtained, and the attribute data includes land use type, distribution range of vegetation, geometric attributes of buildings and appearance attributes of transportation facilities.

3. The method for three-dimensional visualization of spatial planning based on geographic information according to claim 2, characterized in that: The analysis of the measured topographic map to obtain vector data specifically includes: Convert the measured topographic map into a digital image through a scanner; Analyze digital images and obtain the gray level of each pixel in the digital image; Analyze the gray level of each pixel in the digital image and establish a gray histogram with the gray level as the horizontal axis and the number of pixels at each gray level as the vertical axis; Analyze the grayscale histogram to obtain the peak and valley values ​​of the grayscale value distribution, and take the valley value between the two grayscale distribution peaks as the threshold, which is recorded as the grayscale threshold; Extract regional line feature information in digital images based on grayscale threshold; Based on the feature information, the position information of the lines of each feature area in the digital image in the first coordinate system is obtained, the lines of each feature area in the digital image are converted into vector data, and a vector database is established.

4. The method for three-dimensional visualization of spatial planning based on geographic information according to claim 3, characterized in that: The establishment of a three-dimensional terrain database specifically includes: According to the measured topographic map, a digital model is established with the ground control points as reference points; Analyze the coordinates of various objects in the orthophoto in the first coordinate system, perform texture mapping on the digital model, and generate a plane digital model; Based on orthophotos, analyze digital elevation data, combine digital elevation data with plane digital models, and generate digital surface models; Based on the line feature information, the digital surface model is vector-superimposed through the information in the vector database to generate a three-dimensional terrain model map; According to the three-dimensional terrain model map, three-dimensional terrain data is obtained and a three-dimensional terrain database is established.

5. The method for three-dimensional visualization of spatial planning based on geographic information according to claim 4, characterized in that: The real data collection of the ground buildings and landscapes to generate the real three-dimensional model of the buildings specifically includes: Use laser scanners to detect buildings and obtain location information of each edge of the building; Based on GPS technology, geodetic control points are obtained, and a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system with the geodetic control points as the coordinate origin is established, which is recorded as the second coordinate system; According to the position information of each edge of the building, obtaining the coordinate information of each edge of the building in the second coordinate system; Based on the coordinate information of each edge of the building, the area enclosed by the adjacent edges is defined as the building surface, and the coordinate information of the building surface is obtained; According to the coordinate information of the building surface, a real model of the building is generated and a three-dimensional building model library is constructed.

6. The method for three-dimensional visualization of spatial planning based on geographic information according to claim 5, characterized in that: The generating of the three-dimensional surface dynamic model based on the three-dimensional visualization GIS database specifically includes: Obtain spatial geographic information based on 3D visualization GIS database; According to the spatial geographic information, the spatial center point is obtained, and a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system is established with the spatial center point as the origin, which is recorded as the third coordinate system; Based on the third coordinate system, the position information in the first coordinate system and the second coordinate system is transformed to obtain the position information of each object in the third coordinate system; Generate a spatial geographic information model based on the location information of various objects in the third coordinate system; Obtain historical environmental information, and obtain terrain surface dynamic information and ground object surface dynamic information based on the historical environmental information; Based on the dynamic information of terrain surface, terrain texture data and land use change data in different seasons are obtained; Based on the dynamic information of the ground surface, obtain the time data of sunlight and weather data; According to the terrain texture data, land use change data, sunlight time data and weather data of different seasons, the degree of change of spatial geographic information over time is simulated; Based on the degree of change of spatial geographic information over time, the time variable is superimposed on the spatial geographic information model to establish a three-dimensional surface dynamic model; Based on the three-dimensional surface dynamic model, geographic information prediction is realized.

7. The method for three-dimensional visualization of spatial planning based on geographic information according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method of realizing geographic information prediction based on the three-dimensional surface dynamic model specifically includes: Based on the 3D surface dynamic model, the independent ground object models in the 3D building model library and the basic service facility model library are generated through modeling software; According to the location information of each feature in the third coordinate system, the three-dimensional terrain database is used as a framework to arrange and layout each independent feature model to generate a disassembled planning model; Based on the attribute data, information annotation is performed on each independent feature model; Combine the attribute data of each independent object model to refine the surface of the three-dimensional surface dynamic model; Obtain planning requirements, reorganize the independent models in the three-dimensional surface dynamic model according to the planning requirements, and generate an optimized three-dimensional surface dynamic model; According to the degree of change of spatial geographic information over time, the optimized three-dimensional surface dynamic model is deduced to generate planning and development forecast results.

8. The method for three-dimensional visualization of spatial planning based on geographic information according to claim 7, characterized in that: The three-dimensional visualization GIS database data corresponding to the planning and design scheme is used to establish a three-dimensional visualization model according to the planning and design scheme, specifically including: Obtain geographic information of the planning area according to the planning and design plan; According to the geographic information of the planning area, the attribute information of each feature in the planning area is obtained, which is recorded as the attribute information of the feature to be planned, wherein the attribute information of the feature to be planned includes the geometric information of the feature to be planned, the surrounding environment information and the characteristic attribute information; Analyze the geometric information and surrounding environment information of the planned object to obtain the position information of the planned object in the third coordinate system; Based on the characteristic attribute information of each independent feature model, the social environment information and geometric information of the feature to be planned are analyzed to determine the model of the feature to be planned; According to the planning and design plan, the models of the features to be planned are combined to generate a three-dimensional visible area model.

9. The method for three-dimensional visualization of spatial planning based on geographic information according to claim 8, characterized in that: The deducing of the three-dimensional visualization model according to the three-dimensional surface dynamic model specifically includes: Based on the three-dimensional surface dynamic model and the planning and design scheme, the social environment prediction information of each planned land feature is obtained; Analyze the social environment prediction information of each planned land feature to obtain the factors that affect each planned land feature in realizing its social function, which are recorded as interference factors; According to the characteristic attribute information of each model of the planned land object, the influence of each planned land object in realizing social functions is obtained and recorded as the influence factor; Determine whether the interference factors and influencing factors of adjacent planned features overlap. If so, the feature arrangement of the planning and design scheme is unreasonable. If not, the feature arrangement of the planning and design scheme is reasonable, and generate the deduction result.

10. The method for three-dimensional visualization of spatial planning based on geographic information according to claim 9, characterized in that: Based on the deduction results, the planning and design schemes are compared and optimized, specifically including: According to the reasonable planning and design scheme of deduced land features, the utilization efficiency of resources of various land features combinations in the reasonable planning and design scheme is obtained; Compare the resource utilization efficiency of each planning and design scheme, rank the resource utilization efficiency from high to low, and establish a planning and design resource efficiency table; Based on the three-dimensional surface dynamic model, the impact of the planning and design scheme on the natural environment is predicted according to the design scheme in the planning and design resource efficiency table; Analyze the impact of planning and design schemes on the natural environment and the predicted results, combine resource utilization efficiency, and generate the optimal planning and prediction scheme.

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