Tunnel construction progress simulation method and system for combined excavation of TBM method and drilling and blasting method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of engineering construction progress simulation, discloses a tunnel construction progress simulation method and system for combined excavation of a TBM method and a drilling and blasting method, and aims to solve the problem that an existing construction progress simulation method cannot meet the requirements of tunnel engineering for combined excavation of the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method. An excavation working face is established, and excavation is started from the excavation working face; in the excavation process, the position state of the current excavation working face and the excavation technology are determined, and whether the excavation technology needs to be switched or not is judged; after the construction circulation process of the corresponding excavation technology is completed, whether the current excavation working face is a termination working face or not is judged according to the position state, if yes, excavation simulation is ended, and if not, the excavation working face is created again, and excavation simulation of the next working face is conducted; and updating the simulation parameters according to the key nodes. According to the method, the simulation model better meeting engineering requirements can be constructed, and the method is particularly suitable for construction progress simulation of long and large tunnels.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of engineering construction progress simulation, and in particular to a method and system for simulating the construction progress of a tunnel excavated by a combined TBM method and a drilling and blasting method. Background Art

[0002] Simulation technology uses models to describe the system and draw regular conclusions through repeated experiments of the model. Construction progress simulation is a method of simulating and predicting the construction process using computer technology and simulation software. By rationally allocating and optimizing various activities and resources in the construction process, the construction progress under different construction plans is simulated to provide decision support for project managers. It is widely used in the progress management of large and complex engineering projects, such as tunnel engineering, bridge engineering, subway engineering, etc.

[0003] Construction progress simulation technology has also been relatively maturely applied in underground caverns and tunnel construction. However, the tunnel construction process is a repeated cycle of multiple processes such as drilling, blasting, and slag removal. Since the operation time of each process is mostly random, each work cycle can produce random queuing phenomena. It is very likely that "congestion" will occur in a certain cycle operation and affect other operations. For the construction of such projects, if a general network model (CPM / PERT) is used to express the cyclic construction process of the entire project, it is extremely complex and difficult to reflect certain random time factors and their influence in the construction process.

[0004] There are two methods for the construction of long and large plateau tunnels: the drilling and blasting method and the TBM method. Among them, TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) is a special equipment for tunnel construction that integrates multiple functions such as mechanical excavation, slag discharge, and support. It can carry out continuous excavation operations on the entire section of the tunnel, and has the advantages of fast excavation speed, high construction efficiency, and little disturbance to the surrounding rock. It is widely used in tunnel construction in hard rock formations, such as mountain highway tunnels, railway tunnels, and water conservancy diversion tunnels. The Drill and Blast Method is a traditional tunnel and underground engineering excavation method. Through drilling, charging, blasting and other processes, the rock is broken into small pieces, and the slag discharge equipment is used to transport the broken stone out of the cave, thereby gradually expanding the cavern space. It is suitable for tunnel construction in various geological conditions, especially in soft rocks, broken zones and complex geological conditions, and has the characteristics of strong flexibility and good adaptability.

[0005] For the construction of long and large plateau tunnels excavated by TBM and drilling and blasting methods, it is necessary to establish corresponding construction simulation systems and models for different methods. The software system needs to have the ability to switch between two modes and the operation logic therein and good operation stability. More applicability tests must be carried out to verify its correctness. Most of the current tunnel engineering construction simulation analysis software is a special tool developed for a single model and method, which cannot meet engineering needs. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present application aims to solve the problem that the existing construction progress simulation method cannot meet the needs of tunnel engineering excavated by the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method, and proposes a tunnel construction progress simulation method and system for the combined excavation of the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by this application to solve the above technical problems is:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for simulating the progress of tunnel construction by combined excavation using a TBM method and a drilling and blasting method, the method comprising:

[0009] Step 1, setting initial conditions, wherein the initial conditions at least include boundary condition parameters, excavation process and excavation time, and the excavation process includes TBM method and drilling and blasting method;

[0010] Step 2: Create an excavation working surface and start excavation from the excavation working surface;

[0011] Step 3: during the excavation process, determine the position state and excavation process of the current excavation working face, judge whether it is necessary to switch the excavation process, and enter the construction cycle of the corresponding excavation process according to the judgment result and simulation parameters;

[0012] Step 4: After completing the construction cycle of the corresponding excavation process, determine whether the current excavation working face is the termination working face according to the position state. If so, the excavation simulation ends. Otherwise, go to step 2 to perform the excavation simulation of the next working face.

[0013] The method further comprises:

[0014] After determining the position status and excavation process of the current excavation working face, determine whether there are key nodes. If so, update the simulation parameters according to the key nodes. The key nodes include key process nodes, time constraint relationship nodes, simulation model update nodes and geological grade detection nodes. The simulation parameters include at least equipment parameters, time parameters, simulation model parameters and geological parameters.

[0015] Furthermore, after entering the construction cycle corresponding to the excavation process, the method further includes:

[0016] If the excavation process corresponding to the construction cycle of the current excavation working face is the drilling and blasting method, the surrounding rock grade of the current excavation working face is determined, and the first duration parameter corresponding to the drilling and blasting method is determined according to the surrounding rock grade. According to the first duration parameter and based on the corresponding duration function, the duration of each process in the drilling and blasting method construction cycle and the total duration of the drilling and blasting method construction cycle are calculated.

[0017] Furthermore, the processes in the drilling and blasting construction cycle include surveying and setting out, drilling, charging, blasting, ventilation, safety inspection and slag removal.

[0018] Furthermore, the duration function of the measurement and setting out is: s =Servey(A,F s ,E s ), where D s represents the duration of surveying and setting out, A represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel, and F represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel. s Indicates the measurement range coefficient, E s It indicates the measurement of ergonomics;

[0019] The duration function of the drilling is: D a =Drill(M ty ,M cnt ,R cls ,L,N hl ), where D a Indicates the drilling time, M ty Indicates the drilling efficiency of drilling machinery, M cnt Indicates the number of drilling machines, R cls Indicates rock grade, L indicates excavation cycle footage, N hl Indicates the number of holes drilled;

[0020] The duration function of the charge is: D b =Fill(R cls ,L,A,Q); where D b represents the charging time, R cls represents the rock grade, Q represents the charge;

[0021] The duration function of the blow-up is: D c =Blast(C blst ), where D c represents the blasting duration, C blst represents the explosion duration constant;

[0022] The duration function of the ventilation is: D e =Vent(Q fll ,El hl ,Tmp hl ,M vnt ,V d ), where De represents the ventilation duration, Q fll Indicates the total charge, El hl Indicates the cavern elevation, Tmp hl Indicates the temperature inside the cave, M vnt Indicates fan capacity, V d Indicates ventilation distance;

[0023] The duration function of the safety check is: D f =Inspect(R cls ,C insp ), where D f Indicates the duration of the safety inspection, C insp represents the duration constant of safety inspection;

[0024] The duration function of the slag discharge is: g =Deslag(Q slg ,T cap ,T cnt ,T spd ,Dist,Pr,Tmp e ), where D g Indicates the slag discharge time, Q slg represents the volume of slag explosion, T cap Denotes the dump truck capacity, T cnt represents the number of dump trucks, T spd represents the speed of the dump truck, Dist represents the slag transportation distance, including the transportation distance inside the tunnel and the transportation distance outside the tunnel, Pr represents the precipitation intensity, Tmp e Indicates the temperature outside the cave;

[0025] The total duration function of the drilling and blasting construction cycle is: blst =D a +D b +D c +D d +D e +D f +D g ; Among them, D blst Represents the total duration of the drilling and blasting construction cycle.

[0026] Furthermore, after entering the construction cycle corresponding to the excavation process, the method further includes:

[0027] If the excavation process corresponding to the construction cycle of the current excavation working face is the TBM method, the average surrounding rock grade of the current excavation working face within one cycle footage is determined, and the second duration parameter corresponding to the TBM method is determined according to the average surrounding rock grade. According to the second duration parameter and based on the corresponding duration function, the duration of each process in the TBM method construction cycle and the total duration of the TBM method construction cycle are calculated.

[0028] Furthermore, the processes in the TBM construction cycle include excavation and TBM daily maintenance.

[0029] Furthermore, the duration function of the excavation duration is: D h =Cut(R cls ,P,S r ,Stp); where D h represents the excavation duration, R cls Indicates rock grade, P indicates the penetration of the cutter head, S r Indicates the cutter head speed, Stp indicates the excavation progress;

[0030] The duration function of the TBM daily maintenance is: i =Maintain(R cls ,D1,D2,D3,D4,D5); where D i represents the maintenance duration, R cls represents the rock grade, D1 represents the duration of TBM excavation system failure, D2 represents the duration of tool inspection and replacement, D3 represents the duration of slag discharge system failure treatment, D4 represents the duration of support treatment impact, and D5 represents the duration of construction management;

[0031] The total duration function of the TBM construction cycle is: TBM =D h +D i ; Among them, D TBM Represents the total duration of the TBM construction cycle.

[0032] Furthermore, the method further comprises:

[0033] After the excavation process is switched from TBM to drilling and blasting, the duration of the conversion from TBM to drilling and blasting is calculated. The duration function of the conversion from TBM to drilling and blasting is:

[0034] D TBM-Blst =DplyBlst(D dis ,D mv ,D rea );

[0035] Among them, D TBM-Blst represents the duration of the transition from TBM to drilling and blasting, D dis represents the disassembly time of TBM, D mv It represents the time it takes for the TBM to reach the target section, D rea Represents the time it takes for the TBM to be reassembled.

[0036] Furthermore, the method further comprises:

[0037] After the excavation process is switched from the drilling and blasting method to the TBM method, the duration of the conversion from the drilling and blasting method to the TBM method is calculated. The duration function of the conversion from the drilling and blasting method to the TBM method is:

[0038] D Blst-TBM =DplyTBM(D l ,D a );

[0039] Where D Blst-TBM represents the duration of the conversion from drilling and blasting to TBM, D l represents the duration of pouring concrete lining of the tunnel after the drilling and blasting method is completed, D a Indicates the duration of transportation, installation and commissioning of the tunnel boring machine.

[0040] In a second aspect, the present application provides a system for simulating the progress of tunnel construction using a combined TBM and drilling and blasting method, the system being used to implement the steps of the method for simulating the progress of tunnel construction using a combined TBM and drilling and blasting method described in the first aspect.

[0041] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: the present application provides a method and system for simulating the progress of tunnel construction using the combined TBM and drilling and blasting methods, which include construction simulation of the TBM method, construction simulation of the drilling and blasting method, and simulation of switching between the two excavation techniques. It also takes into account the simultaneous construction of the two excavation techniques, namely the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method, as well as the switching method between the two excavation techniques. It can construct a simulation model that better meets engineering requirements, and can be effectively applied to complex construction boundary conditions such as simultaneous excavation of multiple working faces of branch tunnels and main tunnels in long tunnel construction and combined excavation of the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a process flow of a tunnel construction progress simulation method using a combined TBM method and drilling and blasting method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a process flow of another method for simulating the progress of tunnel construction by combined excavation using the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a simulation parameter updating process provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of some first duration parameters corresponding to different surrounding rock grades provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the duration calculation process of the blasting excavation process provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 6A schematic diagram of some second duration parameters corresponding to different surrounding rock grades provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the duration calculation process of the TBM excavation process provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0050] In some of the processes described in the specification of the present application and the above-mentioned figures, multiple operations appearing in a specific order are included, but it should be clearly understood that these operations may not be executed in the order in which they appear in this document or may be executed in parallel, and the sequence numbers of the operations are only used to distinguish different operations, and the sequence numbers themselves do not represent any execution order. In addition, these processes may include more or fewer operations, and these operations may be executed in sequence or in parallel.

[0051] The technical solution of the embodiment of the present application is applicable to application scenarios in which the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method are used for combined excavation, such as simultaneous excavation of multiple working faces of branch tunnels and main tunnels in long tunnel construction and construction progress simulation using the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method for combined excavation.

[0052] Since most of the current tunnel engineering construction simulation and analysis software are special tools developed for a single model and method, they cannot meet the engineering needs of combined excavation of TBM and drilling and blasting methods. A technical solution of the present application is proposed. In an embodiment of the present application, initial conditions are set, and the initial conditions at least include boundary condition parameters, excavation process and excavation time, and the excavation process includes TBM method and drilling and blasting method; an excavation working face is created, and excavation is started from the excavation working face; during the excavation process, the position state and excavation process of the current excavation working face are determined, and it is judged whether it is necessary to switch the excavation process, and the construction cycle of the corresponding excavation process is entered according to the judgment result and simulation parameters; after completing the construction cycle process of the corresponding excavation process, it is judged according to the position state whether the current excavation working face is a termination working face, if so, the excavation simulation ends, otherwise, the excavation working face is re-created, and the excavation simulation of the next working face is performed; after determining the position state and excavation process of the current excavation working face, it is judged whether there is a key node, and if so, the simulation parameters are updated according to the key node, and the key node includes a key process node, a time limit relationship node, a simulation model update node and a geological grade detection node, and the simulation parameters include at least equipment parameters, time parameters, simulation model parameters and geological parameters.

[0053] Specifically, the embodiments of the present application respectively construct the construction simulation process of the TBM method, the construction simulation process of the drilling and blasting method, and the simulation process of switching between the two excavation processes. Specifically, for each working face, it is determined whether it is necessary to switch the excavation process, that is, to switch from the drilling and blasting method to the TBM method or from the TBM method to the drilling and blasting method. After the judgment is completed, the construction cycle is entered. The construction cycle is a cyclic operation network constructed according to the corresponding process and its logical relationship in the construction simulation process of each excavation process. After completing the construction cycle process of the excavation process, a new working face is recreated to enter the next cycle until the working face is determined to be the termination working face, and the excavation simulation ends. The embodiment of the present application simultaneously considers the situation of the simultaneous construction of the two excavation processes of the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method and the switching method of the two excavation processes, thereby constructing a simulation model that better meets the engineering needs; at the same time, the simulation parameters are updated according to the key nodes to improve the accuracy of the construction progress simulation.

[0054] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0055] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 The tunnel construction progress simulation method provided in the embodiment of the present application by the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method comprises the following steps:

[0056] S1. Setting initial conditions, wherein the initial conditions at least include boundary condition parameters, excavation process and excavation time, and the excavation process includes TBM method and drilling and blasting method.

[0057] In the embodiments of the present application, the initial conditions are mainly used to specify boundary conditions, construction methods, excavation direction, etc., mainly including boundary condition parameters, excavation technology and excavation time. The boundary condition parameters include space definition parameters, axis definition parameters, tunnel section distribution parameters, tunnel cross-sectional size parameters, geological surrounding rock parameters, etc., and may also include the duration of each process in the excavation process.

[0058] Specifically, excavation techniques include TBM and drilling and blasting. The TBM is to use TBM to carry out continuous excavation operations on the entire section of the tunnel, and the drilling and blasting is to excavate through drilling, charging, blasting and other processes. In the same project, especially in the construction of long and large railway tunnels, the combined use of TBM and drilling and blasting can give full play to their respective advantages, improve construction efficiency and ensure project progress.

[0059] S2. Create an excavation working surface, and start excavation from the excavation working surface.

[0060] After determining the initial conditions, create an excavation working face. The excavation working face is a tunnel working face where excavation work begins. Excavation begins at this working face.

[0061] S3. During the excavation process, determine the position status and excavation process of the current excavation working face, judge whether it is necessary to switch the excavation process, and enter the construction cycle of the corresponding excavation process according to the judgment result and simulation parameters.

[0062] After determining the position status and excavation process of the current excavation working face, determine whether there are key nodes. If so, update the simulation parameters according to the key nodes. The key nodes include key process nodes, time constraint relationship nodes, simulation model update nodes and geological grade detection nodes. The simulation parameters include at least equipment parameters, time parameters, simulation model parameters and geological parameters.

[0063] In tunnel construction progress simulation, the key nodes of parameter update are usually closely related to the key processes in the construction process, time constraints, and the update requirements of the simulation model. Figure 3 , this embodiment uses the key node update method to update and maintain the simulation parameters. The following is a detailed analysis of the key nodes for updating simulation parameters in tunnel construction progress simulation:

[0064] (1) Key process nodes. In tunnel construction, there are many key processes that have more precise requirements for construction parameters. For example, the step-changing and guiding operation nodes, equipment maintenance and fault handling nodes in the TBM construction process. The construction process schedules of these nodes are uncontrollable and often involve the adjustment of equipment parameters. It is necessary to update the equipment parameters of the simulation system at these key process nodes.

[0065] (2) Nodes with time constraints. In tunnel construction, some processes must be completed before they can be carried out. For example, grouting work must start some time after the lining begins. These process nodes with time constraints are called lag nodes. At the lag nodes, it is necessary to ensure that the time parameters in the simulation model are accurately updated to reflect the actual time relationship between the processes.

[0066] (3) Simulation model update node. The construction simulation model update module is a key component of the entire simulation system. It is responsible for updating and optimizing the simulation model according to the actual construction situation. A relay node is set here to update the simulation model parameters in real time according to changes in the actual construction situation or changes in the construction design.

[0067] (4) Geological level detection nodes. In the construction environment of long plateau tunnels, geological conditions cannot be accurately predicted over long distances, so geological parameters should be updated in a timely manner. According to different geological detection methods, geological parameters are updated with the maximum detection distance as the node spacing.

[0068] In the excavation project, the current position status of the working face is judged, including determining its location and excavation direction, and the excavation process is determined. The construction methods of the drilling and blasting excavation process and the TBM excavation process are very different. First, the excavation process is judged to determine which excavation process the working face belongs to, and then it is determined whether the process needs to be switched. According to the judgment result and the updated simulation parameters, the construction cycle of the corresponding excavation process is entered. That is, if the excavation process does not need to be switched, the original excavation process is maintained. If necessary, switch from the drilling and blasting method to the TBM method or from the TBM method to the drilling and blasting method.

[0069] S4. After completing the construction cycle simulation process of the corresponding excavation process, determine whether the current excavation working face is the termination working face according to the position status. If so, the excavation simulation ends. Otherwise, enter S2 to perform the excavation simulation of the next working face.

[0070] After completing the cycle of the current construction process, a new working face is entered, and a new working face is recreated to enter the next cycle until the working face is judged as the termination working face and the excavation simulation ends.

[0071] In the embodiment of the present application, after entering the construction cycle corresponding to the excavation process, it also includes calculating the duration of the excavation process.

[0072] Specifically, if the excavation process corresponding to the construction cycle of the current excavation working face is the drilling and blasting method, determine the surrounding rock grade of the current excavation working face, determine the first duration parameter corresponding to the drilling and blasting method according to the surrounding rock grade, and calculate the duration of each process in the drilling and blasting method construction cycle and the total duration of the drilling and blasting method construction cycle according to the first duration parameter and based on the corresponding duration function.

[0073] Specifically, the processes in the drilling and blasting construction cycle include surveying and setting out, drilling, charging, blasting, ventilation, safety inspection and slag discharge. Among them, the duration of surveying and setting out is generally related to the cross-sectional dimensions of the cavern and the measurement efficiency, the duration of drilling is related to the drilling machinery (air drill / rock drilling trolley) and its quantity, rock hardness, number of holes, drilling depth and other factors, the time to clean the working surface before breaking and the time to wait for the explosion to stabilize after blasting are generally considered as the blasting duration, the ventilation time is related to the temperature, air density and ventilation distance, and the slag discharge time is related to the number of transportation equipment and the transportation distance. In summary, when performing drilling and blasting calculations, the above factors should be fully considered, and the appropriate first duration parameter should be set according to the actual construction scene, combined with construction standards and construction experience.

[0074] In practical applications, the first duration parameter corresponding to the drilling and blasting method can be determined according to the surrounding rock grade and based on historical data. Figure 4 Some first duration parameters are schematically shown. Figure 4 The parameters in are for reference only. Since the geological surrounding rock grade changes continuously, it is necessary to judge the average surrounding rock grade within a construction cycle and then bring it into the duration function to calculate the duration of each process and the total duration of the construction cycle. Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 Entering the next loop is to enter Figure 2 "Create Excavation Face" in . For boundary control issues. If the remaining unexcavated distance of the tunnel section is less than the distance of a cycle, the cycle time is taken as the weighted average.

[0075] In the embodiment of the present application, the duration function of the measurement and setting out is:

[0076] D s =Servey(A,F s ,E s );

[0077] Among them, D s represents the duration of surveying and setting out, A represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel, and F represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel. s Indicates the measurement range coefficient, E s Indicates the measurement efficiency; according to the general measurement efficiency, the measurement efficiency can be considered to be 60m2 / h, the measurement range coefficient can be taken as 1.2, and the total measurement time is about 2h~3h. Servey indicates the parameter for A,F s ,E s The specific function expression is related to different construction environments. For example, under certain conditions, when A is less than 50,

[0078] The duration function of the drilling is:

[0079] D a =Drill(M ty ,M cnt ,R cls ,L,N hl );

[0080] Among them, d a Indicates the drilling time, M ty Indicates the drilling efficiency of drilling machinery, M cnt Indicates the number of drilling machines, R cls Indicates rock grade, L indicates excavation cycle footage, which is generally determined based on surrounding rock conditions. Drilling depth is based on excavation footage and is overdrilled by 0.2m to 0.5m. N hlIndicates the number of holes drilled; taking into account the time required for drilling rig deployment and transfer, the drilling efficiency of drilling machinery is about 8m / h and adjusted according to the hardness of the rock. The number of drilling machinery is generally configured according to the spatial conditions of the working face. The drilling duration is estimated by the total drilling length and the drilling speed of the drilling rig group. Drill represents the parameter M ty ,M cnt ,R cls ,L,N hl The calculation function is based on different construction organization design schemes in different R cls There are different expressions below, such as when R cls =2 or 3, When R cls =4 or 5,

[0081] The duration function of the charge is:

[0082] D b =Fill(R cls ,L,A,Q);

[0083] Among them, D b Indicates the charging time, R cls Indicates rock grade, Q indicates charge amount; charge amount is calculated based on excavation footage and drilling and blasting volume, and charge duration is estimated based on charge amount. Fill indicates parameter R cls ,L,A,Q calculation function, which needs to be determined according to the construction organization design plan, for example, in a specific construction environment, Among them, 200*1.2 is designed by the construction organization and R cls Joint decision.

[0084] The duration function of the blow-up is:

[0085] D c =Blast(C blst );

[0086] Among them, D c represents the blasting duration, C blst represents the blast duration constant, and Blast represents the parameter C blst The calculation function of Blast(C blst )=C blst .

[0087] The duration function of the ventilation is:

[0088] D e =Vent(Q fll ,Fl hl ,Tmp hl ,M vnt,V d );

[0089] Among them, D e represents the ventilation duration, Q fll Indicates the total charge, El hl Indicates the cavern elevation. The cavern elevation at the current excavation pile position can be obtained based on the longitudinal curve design of the cavern axis. hl Indicates the temperature in the cave. The temperature in the cave can be calculated based on the temperature of the surrounding rock in the cave and the temperature at the location of the fan. vnt Indicates fan capacity, V d Indicates the ventilation distance, Vent indicates the parameter Q fll ,El hl ,Tmp hl ,M vnt ,V d The calculation function is determined by the construction organization design.

[0090] The duration function of the safety check is:

[0091] D f =Inspect(R cls ,C insp );

[0092] Among them, D f It indicates the duration of safety inspection, which is generally 1 hour. The lower the quality of surrounding rock, the longer the safety inspection. insp Indicates the duration constant of the safety inspection. Inspect indicates that the parameter is R cls ,C insp The calculation function of .

[0093] The duration function of the slag discharge is:

[0094] D g =Deslag(Q slg ,T cap ,T cnt ,T spd ,Dist,Pr,Tmp e );

[0095] Among them, D g Indicates the slag discharge time, Q slg represents the volume of slag explosion, T cap Denotes the dump truck capacity, T cnt represents the number of dump trucks, T spd represents the speed of the dump truck, Dist represents the slag transportation distance, including the transportation distance inside the tunnel and the transportation distance outside the tunnel, Pr represents the precipitation intensity, Tmp eDeslag represents the temperature outside the tunnel. The transportation outside the tunnel is affected by precipitation and temperature. In cold areas, snowfall will affect the driving speed of the slag road. The speed of the dump truck is reduced from the normal 20km / h to 10km / h. For high-altitude cold areas, the soil and stone materials are frozen, which makes it difficult to unload the truck, and the unloading time will be further extended. Deslag represents the parameter Q slg ,T cap ,T cnt ,T spd ,Dist,Pr,Tmp e The calculation function of different slag discharge distances and different construction organization designs correspond to different function forms, which need to be analyzed specifically according to the specific situation.

[0096] The total duration function of the drilling and blasting construction cycle is:

[0097] D blst =D a +D b +D c +D d +D e +D f +D g ;

[0098] Among them, D blst Represents the total duration of the drilling and blasting construction cycle.

[0099] In an embodiment of the present application, if the excavation process corresponding to the construction cycle of the current excavation working face is the TBM method, the average surrounding rock grade of the current excavation working face within one cycle footage is determined, and the second duration parameter corresponding to the TBM method is determined according to the average surrounding rock grade. According to the second duration parameter and based on the corresponding duration function, the duration of each process in the TBM method construction cycle and the total duration of the TBM method construction cycle are calculated.

[0100] Specifically, the processes in the TBM construction cycle include excavation and TBM daily maintenance. In practical applications, the second duration parameter corresponding to the TBM method can be determined according to the surrounding rock grade and based on historical data. Figure 6 Some of the second duration parameters are schematically shown. Figure 6 The parameters in are for reference only. Since the geological surrounding rock grade changes continuously, it is necessary to judge the average surrounding rock grade within a construction cycle and then bring it into the duration function to calculate the duration of each process and the total duration of the construction cycle.

[0101] Since the step length of each cycle of the TBM method is fixed and has nothing to do with the surrounding rock grade, it is only necessary to determine the average geological surrounding rock grade of a cycle step length. Calculate the average surrounding rock grade, bring it into the duration function, and calculate the required time. And according to the step length of a cycle, trigger the excavation face and enter the next cycle. Figure 6 Taking the project in as an example, the surrounding rock grade used is the average surrounding rock grade within 1.8m of the excavation working face along the excavation direction. Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 Entering the next loop is to enter Figure 2 Create Excavation Face in .

[0102] In the embodiment of the present application, the duration function of the excavation duration is:

[0103] D h =Cut(R cls ,P,S r ,Stp);

[0104] Among them, D h represents the excavation duration, R cls Indicates rock grade, P indicates the penetration of the cutter head, S r Indicates the cutter head speed, Stp indicates the excavation progress, P and S r The value of is determined by the TBM design parameters and can be adjusted according to the lithology grade. The Cut parameter is R cls ,P,S r , Stp calculation function, Where S r The value of P and R cls It is related to the parameters of the tunnel boring machine.

[0105] The duration function of the TBM daily maintenance is:

[0106] D i =Maintain(R cls ,D1,D2,D3,D4,D5);

[0107] Among them, D i represents the maintenance duration, R cls Indicates rock grade, D1 indicates the duration of TBM excavation system failure, D2 indicates the duration of tool inspection and replacement, D3 indicates the duration of slag system failure treatment, D4 indicates the duration of support treatment impact, and D5 indicates the duration of construction management. The values ​​of D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5 are determined by the operation of the TBM. In the case of hard rock, the cutterhead wears more and the duration of tool inspection and replacement is extended; in the case of broken rock, the duration of support treatment impact is extended. Maintain indicates that the parameter is R clsThe calculation functions of D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5 are related to the construction organization design and TBM model.

[0108] The total duration function of the TBM construction cycle is:

[0109] D TBM =D h +D i ;

[0110] Among them, D TBM Represents the total duration of the TBM construction cycle.

[0111] In the embodiment of the present application, the duration calculation of the conversion from TBM method to drilling and blasting method is also included. Specifically, when the excavation using TBM method is completed and it is necessary to switch to drilling and blasting method to continue construction, the TBM equipment needs to be disassembled and transferred, and the slag and waste gas generated during the TBM excavation process need to be cleaned up to make room for the drilling and blasting method construction.

[0112] The duration function of the conversion from TBM method to drilling and blasting method is:

[0113] D TBM-Blst =DplyBlst(D dis ,D mv ,D rea );

[0114] Among them, D TBM-Blst represents the duration of the transition from TBM to drilling and blasting, D dis represents the disassembly time of TBM, D mv It represents the time it takes for the TBM to reach the target section, D rea represents the duration of TBM reassembly, and DplyBlst represents the parameter D dis ,D mv ,D rea The calculation function, DplyBlst(D dis ,D mv ,D rea )=D dis +D mv +D rea .

[0115] Taking all the above factors into consideration, the time required to switch to drilling and blasting after TBM construction may range from weeks to months. The duration of this process can be calculated by combining the duration function with engineering design and engineering experience. In practical applications, it is necessary to judge the current working face and the next working face when calculating the duration. If the construction technology of the current working face is TBM and the construction technology of the next working face is drilling and blasting, the duration of switching from TBM to drilling and blasting should be added to the duration. Then re-enter the cycle calculation at the next working face.

[0116] In the embodiment of the present application, the duration calculation of converting the drilling and blasting method to the TBM method is also included. Specifically, the process of converting the drilling and blasting method to the TBM method is as follows: after completing the last section of the drilling and blasting method construction, stop the drilling and blasting operation and pour concrete lining for the tunnel section; transport the tunnel boring machine to the predetermined location; assemble the TBM equipment, including the main machine, the connecting bridge and the rear supporting system; debug the TBM equipment to ensure that all its functions are normal.

[0117] The duration function of converting drilling and blasting method to TBM method is:

[0118] D Blst-TBM =DplyTBM(D l ,D a );

[0119] Where D Blst-TBM represents the duration of the conversion from drilling and blasting to TBM, D l represents the duration of pouring concrete lining of the tunnel after the drilling and blasting method is completed, D a represents the duration of transportation, installation and commissioning of the tunnel boring machine. DplyTBM represents the parameter D l ,D a The calculation function of DplyTBM(D l ,D a )=D l +D a .

[0120] Taking all the above factors into consideration, the time required to switch to TBM after the drilling and blasting method is completed may range from several months to several years. The duration of the process can be calculated by combining the duration function with engineering design and engineering experience. In practical applications, it is necessary to judge the current working face and the next working face when calculating the duration. If the construction technology of the current working face is the drilling and blasting method, and the construction technology of the next working face is the TBM method, the duration of the conversion from the drilling and blasting method to the TBM method should be added to the duration. Then re-enter the cycle calculation at the next working face.

[0121] In summary, the tunnel construction progress simulation method for joint excavation of TBM method and drilling and blasting method provided in the embodiment of the present application determines whether it is necessary to switch the excavation process for each working face, that is, to switch from drilling and blasting method to TBM method or from TBM method to drilling and blasting method. After the judgment is completed, the construction cycle is entered. The construction cycle is a cyclic operation network constructed according to the corresponding process and its logical relationship in the construction simulation process of each excavation process. After completing the construction cycle process of the excavation process, a new working face is recreated to enter the next cycle until the working face is judged to be the termination working face, and the excavation simulation ends. The embodiment of the present application includes the construction simulation of TBM method, the construction simulation of drilling and blasting method, and the simulation of switching between the two excavation processes. At the same time, it takes into account the situation of simultaneous construction of the two excavation processes of TBM method and drilling and blasting method and the switching method of the two excavation processes. A simulation model that better meets the engineering needs can be constructed, which can be effectively applied to complex construction boundary conditions such as simultaneous excavation of multiple working faces of branch tunnels and main tunnels in long tunnel construction and joint excavation of TBM method and drilling and blasting method.

[0122] Based on the above technical solution, this embodiment also proposes a tunnel construction progress simulation system for combined excavation using the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method. The system is used to implement the steps of the tunnel construction progress simulation method for combined excavation using the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method described in the embodiment of this application.

[0123] It can be understood that since the tunnel construction progress simulation system for combined excavation by TBM method and drilling and blasting method described in the embodiment of the present application is a system for implementing the tunnel construction progress simulation method for combined excavation by TBM method and drilling and blasting method described in the embodiment, for the system disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the method, which will not be repeated here.

Claims

1. A tunnel construction progress simulation method using a combined TBM and drilling and blasting method, characterized in that: The method comprises: Step 1, setting initial conditions, wherein the initial conditions at least include boundary condition parameters, excavation process and excavation time, and the excavation process includes TBM method and drilling and blasting method; Step 2: Create an excavation working surface and start excavation from the excavation working surface; Step 3: during the excavation process, determine the position state and excavation process of the current excavation working face, judge whether it is necessary to switch the excavation process, and enter the construction cycle of the corresponding excavation process according to the judgment result and simulation parameters; Step 4: After completing the construction cycle simulation process of the corresponding excavation process, determine whether the current excavation working face is the termination working face according to the position state. If so, the excavation simulation ends; otherwise, proceed to step 2 to perform the excavation simulation of the next working face. The method further comprises: After determining the position status and excavation process of the current excavation working face, determine whether there are key nodes. If so, update the simulation parameters according to the key nodes. The key nodes include key process nodes, time constraint relationship nodes, simulation model update nodes and geological grade detection nodes. The simulation parameters include at least equipment parameters, time parameters, simulation model parameters and geological parameters.

2. The method for simulating the progress of tunnel construction by combined excavation using the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After entering the construction cycle simulation corresponding to the excavation process, the method further includes: If the excavation process corresponding to the construction cycle of the current excavation working face is the drilling and blasting method, the surrounding rock grade of the current excavation working face is determined, and the first duration parameter corresponding to the drilling and blasting method is determined according to the surrounding rock grade. According to the first duration parameter and based on the corresponding duration function, the duration of each process in the drilling and blasting method construction cycle and the total duration of the drilling and blasting method construction cycle are calculated.

3. The method for simulating the progress of tunnel construction by combined excavation using the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The processes in the drilling and blasting construction cycle include surveying and setting out, drilling, charging, blasting, ventilation, safety inspection and slag removal.

4. The method for simulating the progress of tunnel construction by combined excavation using the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The duration function of the measurement and setting out is: D s =Servey(A,F s ,E s ), where D s represents the duration of surveying and setting out, A represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel, and F represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel. s Indicates the measurement range coefficient, E s It indicates the measurement of ergonomics; The duration function of the drilling is: D a =Drill(M ty ,M cnt ,R cls ,L,N hl ), where D a Indicates the drilling time, M ty Indicates the drilling efficiency of drilling machinery, M cnt Indicates the number of drilling machines, R cls Indicates rock grade, L indicates excavation cycle footage, N hl Indicates the number of holes drilled; The duration function of the charge is: D b =Fill(R cls ,L,A,Q); where D b Indicates the charging time, R cls represents the rock grade, Q represents the charge; The duration function of the blow-up is: D c =Blast(C blst ), where D c represents the blasting duration, C blst represents the explosion duration constant; The duration function of the ventilation is: D e =Vent(Q fll ,El hl ,Tmp hl ,M vnt ,V d ), where D e represents the ventilation duration, Q fll Indicates the total charge, El hl Indicates the cavern elevation, Tmp hl Indicates the temperature inside the cave, M vnt Indicates fan capacity, V d Indicates ventilation distance; The duration function of the safety check is: D f =Inspect(R cls ,C insp ), where D f Indicates the duration of the safety inspection, C insp represents the duration constant of safety inspection; The duration function of the slag discharge is: g =Deslag(Q slg ,T cap ,T cnt ,T spd ,Dist,Pr,Tmp e ), where D g Indicates the slag discharge time, Q slg represents the volume of slag, T cap Denotes the dump truck capacity, T cnt represents the number of dump trucks, T spd represents the speed of the dump truck, Dist represents the slag transportation distance, including the transportation distance inside the tunnel and the transportation distance outside the tunnel, Pr represents the precipitation intensity, Tmp e Indicates the temperature outside the cave; The total duration function of the drilling and blasting construction cycle is: blst =D a +D b +D c +D d +D e +D f +D g ; Among them, D blst Represents the total duration of the drilling and blasting construction cycle.

5. The method for simulating the progress of tunnel construction by combined excavation using the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: After entering the construction cycle corresponding to the excavation process, the method further includes: If the excavation process corresponding to the construction cycle of the current excavation working face is the TBM method, the average surrounding rock grade of the current excavation working face within one cycle footage is determined, and the second duration parameter corresponding to the TBM method is determined according to the average surrounding rock grade. According to the second duration parameter and based on the corresponding duration function, the duration of each process in the TBM method construction cycle and the total duration of the TBM method construction cycle are calculated.

6. The method for simulating the progress of tunnel construction by combined excavation using the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The processes in the TBM construction cycle include excavation and TBM daily maintenance.

7. The method for simulating the progress of tunnel construction by combined excavation using the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The duration function of the excavation duration is: D h =Cut(R cls ,P,S r ,Stp); where D h represents the excavation duration, R cls Indicates rock grade, P indicates the penetration of the cutter head, S r Indicates the cutter head speed, Stp indicates the excavation progress; The duration function of the TBM daily maintenance is: i =Maintain(R cls ,D1,D2,D3,D4,D5); where D i represents the maintenance duration, R cls represents the rock grade, D1 represents the duration of TBM excavation system failure, D2 represents the duration of tool inspection and replacement, D3 represents the duration of slag discharge system failure treatment, D4 represents the duration of support treatment impact, and D5 represents the duration of construction management; The total duration function of the TBM construction cycle is: TBM =D h +D i ; Among them, D TBM Represents the total duration of the TBM construction cycle.

8. The method for simulating the progress of tunnel construction by combined excavation using the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further comprises: After the excavation process is switched from TBM to drilling and blasting, the duration of the conversion from TBM to drilling and blasting is calculated. The duration function of the conversion from TBM to drilling and blasting is: D TBM-Blst =DplyBlst(D dis ,D mv ,D rea ); Among them, D TBM-Blst represents the duration of the transition from TBM to drilling and blasting, D dis represents the disassembly time of TBM, D mv It represents the time it takes for the TBM to reach the target section, D rea Represents the time it takes for the TBM to be reassembled.

9. The method for simulating the progress of tunnel construction by combined excavation using the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further comprises: After the excavation process is switched from the drilling and blasting method to the TBM method, the duration of the conversion from the drilling and blasting method to the TBM method is calculated. The duration function of the conversion from the drilling and blasting method to the TBM method is: D Blst-TBM =DplyTBM(D l ,D a ); Where D Blst-TBM represents the duration of the conversion from drilling and blasting to TBM, D l represents the duration of pouring concrete lining of the tunnel after the drilling and blasting method is completed, D a Indicates the duration of transportation, installation and commissioning of the tunnel boring machine.

10. The tunnel construction progress simulation system using the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method is characterized by: The system is used to implement the steps of the method for simulating the progress of tunnel construction by combined excavation using the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

Images