Method, device and equipment for measuring and calculating low-carbon transformation cost of power system and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses an electric power system low-carbon transformation cost measuring and calculating method, device and equipment and a medium, and relates to the field of electric power system low-carbon transformation, and the method comprises the steps: constructing a low-carbon transformation cost measuring and calculating model comprising a target function and constraint conditions; the objective function is constructed according to the operation cost of the thermal power generating unit, the operation cost of the new energy unit and the auxiliary service cost of the thermal power generating unit; the constraint conditions comprise a power balance constraint, a thermal power generating unit constraint, a new energy unit constraint and a new energy system safety and stability constraint; inputting the running state of the unit at the current moment into the low-carbon transformation cost measurement and calculation model for solving to obtain an optimal solution under different new energy permeability at the current moment; and respectively inputting the optimal solutions under different new energy permeability at the current moment into the objective function, and determining the obtained objective function value under each new energy permeability as the low-carbon transformation cost under the corresponding new energy permeability, thereby accurately realizing the measurement and calculation of the low-carbon transformation cost of the power system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of low-carbon transformation of power systems, and in particular to a method, device, equipment and medium for calculating the cost of low-carbon transformation of power systems. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous promotion of the low-carbon transformation and construction of new power systems, new energy will be connected to the power grid at a high proportion and on a large scale. With the large-scale development and grid connection of new energy, the volatility and intermittency of photovoltaic and wind power have brought considerable challenges to the safe and stable operation of the power system, making the power system present the operating characteristics of strong volatility and weak inertia. In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the system, more flexible resources are needed to provide support, which has led to an increase in the system cost of the entire power system.

[0003] At present, the cost of new energy does not take into account the additional costs brought by the connection of new energy to the grid, but only focuses on the cost of power generation of new energy itself, which reflects the green value of new energy power generation, but ignores the low-carbon transformation costs brought by the system development of new energy. In addition, the relevant power market system and subsidy mechanism cannot accurately measure the cost of new energy power generation, lack a relatively accurate measurement of the incremental system cost brought by the high proportion of new energy access, and cannot accurately consider the cost changes caused by the output characteristics and other factors between different power generation technologies and effectively reflect the real cost of new energy power generation, which is not conducive to stimulating the sustainable development of new energy. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a method, device, equipment and medium for calculating the cost of low-carbon transformation of power systems, which can accurately realize the calculation of the cost of low-carbon transformation of power systems, steadily and orderly promote the low-carbon transformation of power systems, and encourage the sustainable development of new energy.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solutions:

[0006] In the first aspect, this application provides a method for calculating the cost of low-carbon transformation of a power system, including:

[0007] Obtaining the current operating status of the power system units; the power system includes: thermal power units and new energy units;

[0008] Constructing a low-carbon transformation cost calculation model; the low-carbon transformation cost calculation model includes an objective function and constraints; the objective function is constructed based on the operating cost of thermal power units, the operating cost of new energy units and the auxiliary service cost of thermal power units; the constraints include: power balance constraints, thermal power unit constraints, new energy unit constraints and new energy system safety and stability constraints;

[0009] Input the current unit operation status into the low-carbon transformation cost calculation model for solution, and obtain the optimal solution under different new energy penetration rates at the current moment; the optimal solution includes: the switch status of each unit in the power system and the output of each unit corresponding to the minimum objective function;

[0010] The optimal solutions under different new energy penetration rates at the current moment are respectively input into the objective function, and the obtained objective function values ​​under each new energy penetration rate are determined as the low-carbon transformation cost under the corresponding new energy penetration rate.

[0011] In the second aspect, the present application provides a device for calculating the cost of low-carbon transformation of a power system, comprising:

[0012] A data acquisition module is used to obtain the operating status of the units of the power system at the current moment; the power system includes: thermal power units and new energy units;

[0013] A calculation model building module is used to build a low-carbon transformation cost calculation model; the low-carbon transformation cost calculation model includes an objective function and constraints; the objective function is constructed based on the operating cost of thermal power units, the operating cost of new energy units and the auxiliary service cost of thermal power units; the constraints include: power balance constraints, thermal power unit constraints, new energy unit constraints and new energy system safety and stability constraints;

[0014] A solution module is used to input the current unit operation status into the low-carbon transformation cost calculation model for solution, and obtain the optimal solution under different new energy penetration rates at the current moment; the optimal solution includes: the switch status of each unit in the power system and the output of each unit corresponding to the minimum objective function;

[0015] The low-carbon transformation cost determination module is used to input the optimal solutions under different new energy penetration rates at the current moment into the objective function respectively, and determine the objective function values ​​obtained under each new energy penetration rate as the low-carbon transformation cost under the corresponding new energy penetration rate.

[0016] In a third aspect, the present application provides a computer device comprising: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement any of the above-mentioned methods for estimating the cost of low-carbon transformation of a power system.

[0017] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements any of the above-mentioned methods for estimating the cost of low-carbon transformation of the power system.

[0018] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, this application has the following technical effects:

[0019] The present application provides a method, device, equipment and medium for calculating the low-carbon transformation cost of an electric power system. An objective function is constructed according to the operating cost of thermal power units, the operating cost of new energy units and the auxiliary service cost of thermal power units. Constraints are constructed by considering power balance constraints, thermal power unit constraints, new energy unit constraints and new energy system safety and stability constraints, so as to determine a low-carbon transformation cost calculation model and realize the calculation of low-carbon transformation costs under different new energy penetration rates. The present application takes into account operating costs, auxiliary service costs, operating characteristics of new energy units and safe and stable operating conditions of new energy systems, and is more suitable for new power systems with a high proportion of new energy access. It accurately realizes the calculation of the low-carbon transformation cost of the electric power system, and can steadily and orderly promote the low-carbon transformation of the electric power system and stimulate the sustainable development of new energy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 This is an application environment diagram of a method for calculating the cost of low-carbon transformation of a power system in one embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 2 A flowchart of a method for calculating the cost of low-carbon transformation of a power system provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the overall process of the method for calculating the low-carbon transformation cost of a power system provided in an embodiment of the present application in actual application;

[0024] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a long-term measurement process provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of functional modules of a device for calculating the cost of low-carbon transformation of a power system provided in another embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided in one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0028] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0029] The method for calculating the low-carbon transformation cost of the power system provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to Figure 1 In the application environment shown. Among them, the terminal 102 communicates with the server 104 through the network. The data storage system can store the data that the server 104 needs to process. The data storage system can be set up separately, integrated on the server 104, or placed on the cloud or other servers. The terminal 102 can send the unit operation status of the power system at the current moment to the server 104. After the server 104 receives the unit operation status of the power system at the current moment, the server 104 constructs a low-carbon transformation cost calculation model for the unit operation status of the power system at the current moment; the unit operation status at the current moment is input into the low-carbon transformation cost calculation model for solution, and the optimal solution under different new energy penetration rates at the current moment is obtained; the optimal solution under different new energy penetration rates at the current moment is respectively input into the objective function, and the objective function value obtained under each new energy penetration rate is determined as the low-carbon transformation cost under the corresponding new energy penetration rate. The server 104 can feedback the obtained low-carbon transformation cost under different new energy penetration rates to the terminal 102.

[0030] In addition, in some embodiments, the method for calculating the low-carbon transformation cost of the power system can also be implemented independently by the server 104 or the terminal 102. For example, the terminal 102 can directly process the unit operation status of the power system at the current moment, or the server 104 can obtain the unit operation status of the power system at the current moment from the data storage system and process the unit operation status of the power system at the current moment.

[0031] The terminal 102 may be, but is not limited to, various desktop computers, laptop computers, smart phones, tablet computers, IoT devices, and portable wearable devices. The IoT devices may be smart speakers, smart TVs, smart air conditioners, smart vehicle-mounted devices, etc. The portable wearable devices may be smart watches, smart bracelets, head-mounted devices, etc. The server 104 may be implemented as an independent server or a server cluster consisting of multiple servers, or may be a cloud server.

[0032] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, a method for calculating the cost of low-carbon transformation of a power system is provided. The method is executed by a computer device, and can be executed by a computer device such as a terminal or a server alone, or by a terminal and a server together. In the embodiment of the present application, the method is applied to Figure 1 The server 104 in the example is used as an example to illustrate, including the following steps 201 to 204. Among them:

[0033] Step 201, obtaining the current operating status of the units of the power system; the power system includes: thermal power units and new energy units.

[0034] Step 202: construct a low-carbon transformation cost calculation model; the low-carbon transformation cost calculation model includes an objective function and constraints.

[0035] Among them, the objective function is constructed based on the operating cost of thermal power units, the operating cost of new energy units and the auxiliary service cost of thermal power units; the constraints include: power balance constraints, thermal power unit constraints, new energy unit constraints and new energy system safety and stability constraints.

[0036] Step 203, input the current unit operation status into the low-carbon transformation cost calculation model for solution, and obtain the optimal solution under different new energy penetration rates at the current moment.

[0037] The optimal solution includes: the switching state of each unit in the power system and the output of each unit corresponding to the minimum objective function.

[0038] Step 204, input the optimal solutions under different new energy penetration rates at the current moment into the objective function respectively, and determine the obtained objective function values ​​under each new energy penetration rate as the low-carbon transformation cost under the corresponding new energy penetration rate.

[0039] The implementation of steps 201 to 204 described above can accurately calculate the cost of low-carbon transformation of the power system, steadily and orderly promote the low-carbon transformation of the power system, and encourage the sustainable development of new energy.

[0040] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, please refer to Figure 1 After step 204, the method for calculating the cost of low-carbon transformation of the power system further includes:

[0041] Step 205, calculate the difference in low-carbon transformation costs under different new energy penetration rates to obtain the corresponding cost increment.

[0042] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the expression of the objective function is:

[0043] Min F=F1+F2;

[0044] Among them, F represents the objective function; F1 represents the unit combination power generation cost of the power system; F2 represents the auxiliary service cost provided by the thermal power unit.

[0045] The expression of the unit combination power generation cost of the power system is:

[0046]

[0047] Where f1 represents the operating cost of thermal power units; f2 represents the operating cost of wind power units; f3 represents the operating cost of photovoltaic units; N G represents the number of thermal power units; M represents the number of time periods; N T Indicates the number of moments; P represents the electricity price of thermal power unit i at time t in period m; i,m,t represents the output of thermal power unit i at time t during period m; represents the startup cost of thermal power unit i; represents the shutdown cost of thermal power unit i; represents the no-load operation cost of thermal power unit i; v i,t represents the start-up action of thermal power unit i at time t, which is a 0-1 variable, 1 for start-up and 0 for others; w i,t Indicates the shutdown action of thermal power unit i at time t, which is a 0-1 variable, 1 for shutdown and 0 for others; u i,t Indicates whether thermal power unit i is in no-load operation at time t, which is a 0-1 variable, 1 for operation and 0 for off-grid operation; N W Indicates the number of wind turbines; N PV Indicates the number of photovoltaic units; represents the bid price of wind turbine j; represents the price of photovoltaic unit k; P j,t represents the output power of wind turbine j at time t; P k,t Represents the output power of PV unit k at time t.

[0048] The expression of the ancillary service cost provided by thermal power units is:

[0049]

[0050] Among them, f4 represents the cost of thermal power units providing upper and lower standby; f5 represents the cost of thermal power units providing deep peak load auxiliary services; f6 represents the cost of thermal power units providing primary and secondary frequency regulation; N T Indicates the number of moments; N G Indicates the number of thermal power units; represents the upper reserve quotation of thermal power unit i at time t; represents the next reserve price of thermal power unit i at time t; P i ur represents the upper reserve power provided by thermal power unit i; P i dr represents the lower reserve power provided by thermal power unit i; represents the deep peak load regulation quotation of thermal power unit i; P i dp represents the deep peak regulation capacity of thermal power unit i; represents the frequency regulation mileage price of thermal power unit i at time t; represents the secondary frequency regulation mileage price of thermal power unit i at time t; represents the primary frequency regulation capacity price of thermal power unit i at time t; represents the secondary frequency regulation capacity price of thermal power unit i at time t; It represents the primary frequency regulation performance index of thermal power unit i at time t; It represents the secondary frequency regulation performance index of thermal power unit i at time t; represents the winning capacity of the primary frequency regulation of thermal power unit i at time t; It represents the winning capacity of secondary frequency regulation of thermal power unit i at time t.

[0051] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the power balance constraint and the thermal power unit constraint in the constraint conditions are used as conventional constraint conditions. The thermal power unit constraint includes: thermal power unit ramp constraint and thermal power unit start and stop time constraint. The new energy unit constraint includes: wind power output constraint, photovoltaic output constraint and new energy consumption rate constraint. The new energy system safety and stability constraints include: frequency stability constraint, upper and lower standby constraints, power flow safety constraints, node constraints and system minimum inertia constraints.

[0052] The following is a detailed introduction to each constraint condition.

[0053] (1) Conventional constraints

[0054] 1) Power balance constraints.

[0055] The output of new energy units and conventional units (thermal power units) is equal to the load size. The power of the system needs to be balanced at all times. The power balance constraint is described as:

[0056]

[0057] Among them, P i,t represents the output power of thermal power unit i at time t; N L represents the number of load nodes; P d,t Represents the output power of load node d at time t.

[0058] 2) Climbing constraints of thermal power units.

[0059] The unit climbing constraint means that the output change value of the unit in two adjacent time periods should be within the allowable range of its up and down climbing, that is:

[0060]

[0061] in, Indicates the unit's climbing rate; R Indicates the downward climbing rate of the unit; P i,t-1 Represents the output power of thermal power unit i at time t-1.

[0062] In addition, when the minimum power of the thermal power unit startup is greater than the ramp rate, the thermal power unit ramp constraint will cause all the shut-down thermal power units to fail to start, so the thermal power unit ramp constraint is rewritten as:

[0063]

[0064] in, S i Indicates the maximum reduced output of thermal power unit i when shut down; Indicates the maximum starting output of thermal power unit i; R i represents the ramp-down rate of thermal power unit i; represents the ramp-up rate of thermal power unit i; u i,t-1 Indicates whether thermal power unit i is in no-load operation at time t-1.

[0065] In addition, in order to simplify the calculation, the maximum startup rate and the maximum shutdown rate can be taken as:

[0066]

[0067] 3) Start and stop time constraints of thermal power units.

[0068] When a thermal power unit is turned on, it must be guaranteed to run for a period of time. During this period (minimum running time), it can only be turned on once. Similarly, when a thermal power unit is turned off, it must also be guaranteed to stop running for a period of time (minimum shut-down time), which can be described as:

[0069]

[0070] Among them, TU i Indicates the minimum start time of thermal power unit i; TD i represents the minimum shutdown time of thermal power unit i; v i,a represents the start-up action of thermal power unit i at time a, 1 means start-up, 0 means other; w i,a Indicates the shutdown action of thermal power unit i at time a, 1 means shutdown, and 0 means others.

[0071] The three Boolean variables have the following relationship, which can be understood as the turned-on unit can only be turned off, and the turned-off unit can only be turned on, which can be described as:

[0072] u i,t -u i,t-1 =v i,t -w i,t ;

[0073] The above three formulas represent the start and stop time constraints of thermal power units.

[0074] (2) Constraints on new energy units.

[0075] 1) Wind power output constraints are:

[0076] 0<P W,t <P W,t,Max ;

[0077] Among them, P W,t represents the wind farm output at time t, P W,t,Max Indicates the predicted maximum output of the wind farm at time t.

[0078] 2) Photovoltaic output constraints are:

[0079] 0<P PV,t <P PV,t,Max ;

[0080] P PV,t represents the photovoltaic field output at time t, P PV,t,Max Indicates the predicted maximum output of the photovoltaic field at time t.

[0081] 3) The new energy consumption rate is constrained as follows:

[0082]

[0083] Where N G,w Indicates the actual number of wind turbines; N G,pv Indicates the actual number of photovoltaic units; represents the actual output of wind turbine j at time t; represents the actual output of photovoltaic unit k at time t; represents the actual maximum possible output of wind turbine j at time t; represents the actual maximum possible output of photovoltaic unit k at time t; h1 and h2 are the minimum new energy consumption rates of wind turbines and photovoltaic units, respectively.

[0084] (3) Safety and stability constraints of new energy systems.

[0085] 1) Frequency stability constraint.

[0086] To ensure the frequency safety of the system, after disturbances occur on the renewable energy and load sides, the frequency rise or fall must be within the safe range that the system can withstand. Therefore, the frequency stability constraint can be constructed as follows:

[0087] f a ≤f N +Δf≤f b ;

[0088] f a Indicates the frequency lower limit, which is usually set to the system frequency lower limit; f b Indicates the upper frequency limit, which is usually set to the upper frequency limit of the system; f N represents the frequency reference value; Δf represents the frequency change value.

[0089]

[0090] Among them, ΔP NE Indicates the active power fluctuation caused by the new energy unit, ΔP L Indicates the active power fluctuation caused by the load, K G Indicates the power-frequency static characteristic coefficient of the generator set.

[0091] 2) Upper and lower spare constraints.

[0092] As the uncertainty in the source-load side of a high-proportion renewable energy system increases, fluctuations on either side will cause power imbalance. This application will consider the system's backup constraints from both the generation side and the load side.

[0093] On the one hand, due to the volatility and uncertainty of wind and solar power output, the fluctuation of its output will also cause certain disturbances in the power system, so the system needs to reserve rotating reserves to deal with the uncertainty caused by these two. On the other hand, in order to deal with the uncertainty caused by load forecast deviation and load fluctuation on the load side and avoid its impact on power quality, a certain amount of reserve is usually set in the system to smooth out this part of the unbalanced power, thereby ensuring the safe and stable operation of the system. First, the upper and lower reserve requirements of the system are determined by the following formula:

[0094]

[0095] Among them, R t U , R t D are the upward and downward reserve requirements of the system at time t, respectively; κ t U , κ t Dare the upward and downward reserve demand coefficients of the system at time t, which are determined according to the forecast of the fluctuation of new energy units and uncontrollable loads in each period. When the proportion of fluctuating loads and new energy units is relatively large, the upper and lower reserve demand coefficients are correspondingly large; δ d D represents the standard deviation of the uncontrollable load power; δ j W Indicates the standard deviation of wind turbine output; δ i S Represents the standard deviation of the PV system.

[0096] In addition to considering the volatility of new energy and load side, we should also consider the situation where conventional thermal power units are out of operation due to failures, and reserve corresponding spare capacity, using R i G,Max Indicates the output of the largest thermal power unit in the system at maximum load, R i G,Min It represents the maximum capacity unit output in the system at minimum load, so the upper / lower reserve demand of the system can be expressed as:

[0097] R up =Max{R t U ,R i G,Max};

[0098] R dn =Max{R t D ,R i G,Min};

[0099] Therefore, the upper spare constraint of the model is:

[0100]

[0101] The following alternate constraints are:

[0102]

[0103] R up is the upper reserve demand of the system, R dn is the system's lower reserve demand; represents the maximum output power of thermal power unit i; P i Represents the minimum output power of thermal power unit i.

[0104] 3) Current safety constraints.

[0105] The power flow constraint of a transmission line means that the power flow of the line should be less than the allowable limit of the power flow of the line. Currently, the most widely used method is to use the DC power flow model to solve the power flow of the line. The specific model is as follows:

[0106]

[0107] Where θ(s,t) represents the phase angle of bus s at time t; K(l,s) represents the relationship between transmission line l and bus s, and its value is 1, -1, 0; x l It represents the reactance parameter of the transmission line; P l is the maximum and minimum power of line l; P l,t represents the output power of line l at time t.

[0108] After calculating the transfer distribution factor matrix G of the power flow, the power flow safety constraint is rewritten as:

[0109]

[0110] Among them, G l-i G represents the impact of power injection from node i on line l; l-d It represents the influence of power injection from node d on line l.

[0111] 4) Node constraints.

[0112] Node constraints include node power balance constraints and node voltage constraints.

[0113] The node power balance constraint means that the injected power is equal to the outflow power at any node in the power system at any time, that is:

[0114]

[0115] Where I represents the total number of generator sets in the system; K p,n,t represents the node-generator association matrix element; P nm,t represents the power flow of line nm at time t; D n,t represents the load of node n at time t.

[0116] Node voltage constraints:

[0117] V min,n ≤V n ≤V Max,n ;

[0118] V n Represents the voltage of node n, V Max,n Represents the maximum voltage of node n; V min,n Indicates the minimum voltage at node n.

[0119] 5) System minimum inertia constraint.

[0120] With the large-scale development and utilization of new energy sources such as centralized and distributed wind power and photovoltaic power, the proportion of synchronous generators in the system has gradually decreased, and the penetration rate of new energy has gradually increased, resulting in a decrease in the system equivalent inertia level, and the system frequency stability has been threatened and challenged. The system inertia meets the minimum inertia requirement, that is, the system minimum inertia constraint is:

[0121] M s +M w +M PV +M e ≥M min ;

[0122] M s Represents the system inertia provided by the synchronous generator, M w Represents the virtual system inertia provided by the wind turbine, M PV Represents the virtual inertia provided by the photovoltaic unit, M e Indicates the virtual inertia provided by energy storage. Minimum inertia M min It can be determined by the two indicators of frequency change rate and frequency offset, and the expression is:

[0123] M min =Max{M min,RoCoF , M min，nadir};

[0124] M min,RoCoF represents the minimum required inertia considering the frequency change rate constraint, M min，nadir It represents the minimum required inertia considering the frequency minimum point constraint.

[0125] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, if it is to be achieved that the low-carbon transformation cost and cost increment are calculated in a short period (at various moments in a day or at a certain moment), then by implementing the above steps 201 to 205 at each moment, the low-carbon transformation cost and cost increment under different new energy penetration rates in a short period can be obtained.

[0126] If the cost and incremental cost of low-carbon transformation in the long term (the next year or even longer time scale) are to be calculated, the above steps 201 to 205 are implemented under the condition that the unit operating status at the end of the previous day is taken as the unit operating status at the beginning of the next day, and the low-carbon transformation cost and incremental cost under different new energy penetration rates in the long term can be obtained. That is, when calculating the cost and incremental cost of low-carbon transformation in the long term, it is necessary to satisfy the condition that if the current moment is the beginning of the day, the unit operating status at the end of the previous day is taken as the unit operating status at the current moment.

[0127] Combination Figure 3 The overall process of this embodiment in the actual application process can be specifically described as follows:

[0128] (1) Construct a daily low-carbon transition cost estimation model, that is, to achieve short-term forecast of low-carbon transition cost estimation.

[0129] The low-carbon transformation cost calculation model includes objective functions and constraints. Among them, the objective function consists of two parts: the combined power generation cost F1 of the power system and the auxiliary service cost F2 provided by the thermal power unit. From this, the system minimum operating cost under different new energy penetration rates can be obtained, that is, the value of the objective function. The specific expression of the objective function will not be repeated here. The constraints include: power balance constraints, thermal power unit constraints, new energy unit constraints and new energy system safety and stability constraints. The specific expressions of each constraint will not be repeated here.

[0130] (2) Construct a long-term low-carbon transformation cost estimation model, that is, to achieve long-term forecast low-carbon transformation cost estimation.

[0131] Taking into account the continuity and stability of the production plan, this application further constructs a long-term low-carbon transformation cost estimation model to estimate the system's low-carbon transformation costs for the next year or even longer, optimize resource allocation over a longer period of time, and more comprehensively consider the cost changes brought about by the system's development of new energy. The core is still the aforementioned low-carbon transformation cost estimation model. The specific solution idea is: decompose the long-term production cost simulation model into multiple sub-models according to the time scale, solve the 36-hour unit combination in each simulation cycle, and only read the output results of the first 24 hours. Then use the unit status of the 24th hour calculation result as the initial value to simulate and calculate the next 36 hours, and so on, rolling calculation day by day. The formula satisfied by the long-term calculation is:

[0132]

[0133] Among them, day represents the long-term measurement period, the unit is day; u i day-1,24 Indicates the operating status of thermal power unit i at the 24th hour of the previous day; u i day,0 Indicates the initial operating status of thermal power unit i one day later.

[0134] The long-term calculation process is as follows: Figure 4 shown.

[0135] This application comprehensively considers multi-dimensional boundary conditions such as power supply structure, grid parameters, and new energy penetration rate, introduces new energy constraints and new energy system safe operation constraints into the security constrained unit commitment (SCUC) model, and obtains a low-carbon transformation cost calculation model. The low-carbon transformation cost under different new energy penetration rates is calculated, and the additional impact brought about by the new energy grid connection is effectively measured. The incremental low-carbon transformation cost brought about by a high proportion of new energy access is more accurately calculated.

[0136] On this basis, a long-term low-carbon transformation cost calculation model was further constructed, taking the unit operating status of the 24th hour of the previous day as the initial operating status of the next day, and rolling the low-carbon transformation cost on a longer time scale on a daily basis. Through the established model, a variety of new energy penetration scenarios are set to obtain the system low-carbon transformation cost and cost increment under different new energy penetration rates, providing data reference for the low-carbon transformation of the power system, measuring the additional economic impact brought by the development of new energy at different penetration rates, and steadily advancing the construction process of the low-carbon transformation of the power system.

[0137] The method for calculating the low-carbon transformation cost of the power system in the above embodiment has the following advantages:

[0138] (1) Starting from the traditional SCUC unit combination model, the constraints of new energy and safe operation of new energy systems are taken into account in the SCUC model, and a low-carbon transformation cost calculation model with the minimum cost of power generation combination and the minimum cost of auxiliary services as the objective function is established to quantify the additional costs of developing new energy. Compared with the traditional SCUC model, this application considers the operating characteristics of new energy units, regional consumption requirements, and the safe and stable operation conditions of new energy systems, and is more suitable for new power systems with a high proportion of new energy access.

[0139] (2) Taking into account the continuity and stability of the production plan, a long-term low-carbon transformation cost calculation model was established. Based on the constructed optimization model, different new energy penetration scenarios were set to calculate the low-carbon transformation costs under different new energy penetration rates, and further calculate the low-carbon transformation cost increment. Compared with the calculation model of the intraday spot time scale, the long-term simulation can cover a wider time range, so that the impact of market changes, strategy adjustments and other factors on system costs can be more comprehensively considered, and the low-carbon transformation cost of the new power system can be more accurately measured.

[0140] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present application also provides a power system low-carbon transformation cost calculation device for implementing the power system low-carbon transformation cost calculation method involved above. The implementation scheme for solving the problem provided by the device is similar to the implementation scheme recorded in the above method, so the specific limitations in one or more power system low-carbon transformation cost calculation embodiments provided below can refer to the limitations on power system low-carbon transformation cost calculation above, and will not be repeated here.

[0141] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, a device for calculating the cost of low-carbon transformation of a power system is provided, comprising:

[0142] The data acquisition module 301 is used to acquire the operating status of the units of the power system at the current moment; the power system includes: thermal power units and new energy units.

[0143] The calculation model construction module 302 is used to construct a low-carbon transformation cost calculation model; the low-carbon transformation cost calculation model includes an objective function and constraints; the objective function is constructed based on the operating cost of thermal power units, the operating cost of new energy units and the auxiliary service cost of thermal power units; the constraints include: power balance constraints, thermal power unit constraints, new energy unit constraints and new energy system safety and stability constraints.

[0144] The solution module 303 is used to input the current unit operation status into the low-carbon transformation cost calculation model for solution to obtain the optimal solution under different new energy penetration rates at the current moment; the optimal solution includes: the switching status of each unit in the power system and the output of each unit corresponding to the minimum objective function.

[0145] The low-carbon transformation cost determination module 304 is used to input the optimal solutions under different new energy penetration rates at the current moment into the objective function respectively, and determine the obtained objective function values ​​under each new energy penetration rate as the low-carbon transformation cost under the corresponding new energy penetration rate.

[0146] As an optional implementation, please refer to Figure 5 , the power system low-carbon transformation cost calculation device also includes:

[0147] The cost increment calculation module 305 is used to calculate the difference in low-carbon transformation costs under different new energy penetration rates to obtain the corresponding cost increment.

[0148] This application proposes a calculation scheme for the cost and cost increment of the low-carbon transformation of the power system, which quantifies the increased system cost caused by the development of new energy at different penetration rates, provides a cost reference for the low-carbon transformation of the power system, and promotes the low-carbon transformation of the power system in a steady and orderly manner.

[0149] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer device is provided. The computer device may be a server or a terminal. The internal structure diagram thereof may be as follows: Figure 6 As shown. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, an input / output interface (Input / Output, referred to as I / O) and a communication interface. Among them, the processor, the memory and the input / output interface are connected through a system bus, and the communication interface is connected to the system bus through the input / output interface. Among them, the processor of the computer device is used to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, a computer program and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and the computer program in the non-volatile storage medium. The database of the computer device is used to store the operating status of the units of the power system at the current moment. The input / output interface of the computer device is used to exchange information between the processor and an external device. The communication interface of the computer device is used to communicate with an external terminal through a network connection. When the computer program is executed by the processor, a method for calculating the cost of low-carbon transformation of a power system is implemented.

[0150] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 6 The structure shown in the figure is only a block diagram of a part of the structure related to the solution of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the solution of the present application is applied. The specific computer device may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have a different arrangement of components.

[0151] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer device is further provided, including a memory and a processor, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor implements the steps in the above-mentioned method embodiments when executing the computer program.

[0152] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, storing a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps in the above method embodiments are implemented.

[0153] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps in the above method embodiments are implemented.

[0154] Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. Among them, any reference to the memory, database or other medium used in the embodiments provided in the present application can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM may be in various forms, such as static random access memory (SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (DRAM).

[0155] The database involved in each embodiment provided in this application may include at least one of a relational database and a non-relational database. The non-relational database may include a distributed database based on blockchain, etc., but is not limited thereto. The processor involved in each embodiment provided in this application may be a general-purpose processor, a central processing unit, a graphics processor, a digital signal processor, a programmable logic device, etc., but is not limited thereto.

[0156] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0157] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting this application.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the cost of low-carbon transformation of a power system, characterized in that: The method for calculating the cost of low-carbon transformation of the power system includes: Obtaining the current operating status of the power system units; the power system includes: thermal power units and new energy units; Constructing a low-carbon transformation cost calculation model; the low-carbon transformation cost calculation model includes an objective function and constraints; the objective function is constructed based on the operating cost of thermal power units, the operating cost of new energy units and the auxiliary service cost of thermal power units; the constraints include: power balance constraints, thermal power unit constraints, new energy unit constraints and new energy system safety and stability constraints; Input the current unit operation status into the low-carbon transformation cost calculation model for solution, and obtain the optimal solution under different new energy penetration rates at the current moment; the optimal solution includes: the switch status of each unit in the power system and the output of each unit corresponding to the minimum objective function; The optimal solutions under different new energy penetration rates at the current moment are respectively input into the objective function, and the obtained objective function values ​​under each new energy penetration rate are determined as the low-carbon transformation cost under the corresponding new energy penetration rate.

2. The method for calculating the cost of low-carbon transformation of the power system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: After obtaining the low-carbon transformation costs under different new energy penetration rates, the method for calculating the low-carbon transformation costs of the power system further includes: Calculate the difference in low-carbon transformation costs under different new energy penetration rates and obtain the corresponding cost increment.

3. The method for calculating the cost of low-carbon transformation of the power system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: If the current time is the initial time of the day, the unit operating status at the end time of the previous day is used as the unit operating status at the current time.

4. The method for calculating the cost of low-carbon transformation of the power system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The expression of the objective function is: Min F=F1+F2; Among them, F represents the objective function; F1 represents the unit combination power generation cost of the power system; F2 represents the auxiliary service cost provided by the thermal power unit.

5. The method for calculating the cost of low-carbon transformation of the power system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The expression of the unit combination power generation cost of the power system is: F1=f1+f2+f3 Where f1 represents the operating cost of thermal power units; f2 represents the operating cost of wind power units; f3 represents the operating cost of photovoltaic units; N G represents the number of thermal power units; M represents the number of time periods; N T Indicates the number of moments; P represents the electricity price of thermal power unit i at time t in period m; i,m,t represents the output of thermal power unit i at time t during period m; represents the startup cost of thermal power unit i; represents the shutdown cost of thermal power unit i; represents the no-load operation cost of thermal power unit i; v i,t represents the start-up action of thermal power unit i at time t; w i,t represents the shutdown action of thermal power unit i at time t; u i,t Indicates whether thermal power unit i is in no-load operation at time t; N W Indicates the number of wind turbines; N PV Indicates the number of photovoltaic units; represents the bid price of wind turbine j; represents the price of photovoltaic unit k; P j,t represents the output power of wind turbine j at time t; P k,t Represents the output power of PV unit k at time t.

6. The method for calculating the cost of low-carbon transformation of the power system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The expression of the ancillary service cost provided by thermal power units is: F2=f4+f5+f6 Among them, f4 represents the cost of thermal power units providing upper and lower standby; f5 represents the cost of thermal power units providing deep peak load auxiliary services; f6 represents the cost of thermal power units providing primary and secondary frequency regulation; N T Indicates the number of moments; N G Indicates the number of thermal power units; represents the upper reserve quotation of thermal power unit i at time t; represents the next reserve price of thermal power unit i at time t; P i ur represents the upper reserve power provided by thermal power unit i; P i dr represents the lower reserve power provided by thermal power unit i; represents the deep peak load regulation quotation of thermal power unit i; P i dp represents the deep peak regulation capacity of thermal power unit i; represents the frequency regulation mileage price of thermal power unit i at time t; represents the secondary frequency regulation mileage price of thermal power unit i at time t; represents the primary frequency regulation capacity price of thermal power unit i at time t; represents the secondary frequency regulation capacity price of thermal power unit i at time t; It represents the primary frequency regulation performance index of thermal power unit i at time t; It represents the secondary frequency regulation performance index of thermal power unit i at time t; represents the winning capacity of the primary frequency regulation of thermal power unit i at time t; It represents the winning capacity of secondary frequency regulation of thermal power unit i at time t.

7. The method for calculating the cost of low-carbon transformation of the power system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The constraints on the thermal power units include: thermal power unit climbing constraints and thermal power unit start and stop time constraints; the constraints on the new energy units include: wind power output constraints, photovoltaic output constraints and new energy consumption rate constraints; the safety and stability constraints on the new energy system include: frequency stability constraints, upper and lower standby constraints, flow safety constraints, node constraints and system minimum inertia constraints.

8. A device for calculating the cost of low-carbon transformation of a power system, characterized in that: The power system low-carbon transformation cost calculation device comprises: A data acquisition module is used to obtain the operating status of the units of the power system at the current moment; the power system includes: thermal power units and new energy units; A calculation model building module is used to build a low-carbon transformation cost calculation model; the low-carbon transformation cost calculation model includes an objective function and constraints; the objective function is constructed based on the operating cost of thermal power units, the operating cost of new energy units and the auxiliary service cost of thermal power units; the constraints include: power balance constraints, thermal power unit constraints, new energy unit constraints and new energy system safety and stability constraints; A solution module is used to input the current unit operation status into the low-carbon transformation cost calculation model for solution, and obtain the optimal solution under different new energy penetration rates at the current moment; the optimal solution includes: the switch status of each unit in the power system and the output of each unit corresponding to the minimum objective function; The low-carbon transformation cost determination module is used to input the optimal solutions under different new energy penetration rates at the current moment into the objective function respectively, and determine the objective function values ​​obtained under each new energy penetration rate as the low-carbon transformation cost under the corresponding new energy penetration rate.

9. A computer device comprising: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the method for calculating the cost of low-carbon transformation of a power system as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for calculating the low-carbon transformation cost of the power system described in any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

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